EP* {$x͙]UW|83Sjj:C[nk+`mRR6`Lct0Ġ$4чPM:S>l5RS@0#V5{0 /e7{k:L"b5x!b)Xvyk+/sy 1ʈэN{ "_)?7i2ڮ1 B^[6"cpey<{>|Z7j0/s 5$0صDC6CEw oz?̊}y_xvB[Jk\ĉ%;빱(IGze\lhYFnx;Cu۱s?ґ`iޘswoL7<78h{rĝgs|͋{~gtg%}9=:+~8X&s'~Mk V~~#6,7`㾉={{VeTQ;ݕq#g`ӥSzuU} նa +h'SGm?'ܳzkeXb\Nyz"VkHu9u?.{ީoƓb˜Mt7,gˁKgib\^=8X=hrq)׋K;U1.G>2.oJ'&#Ovx1ve<;t}iis{ڣˁ>r:~bmͼoy#{kݕ>[^̜zy??6]ۼvU^{׀vR蟫<ݛς~J|ZuoZ>3f ב:,BxVfMzYϻֽܵFL {껯;3*ԩ5dH1J9/qqF'ltYfF7fDЕ3r(/'Ag5kk^i_Ǜ*~#WYiLcxV>a$ 'q2?id6}ֶN^fVZgL]'p^s=8/<>A7 K# Y{o c3>ޟȋ#'NzYυ_qP](D}Nu>S}gL"u}xYsNXSGnY#~Ll=Kܽ9"@6yn !*dUň+b[u`*0GS H}cv±為&dUצ^;Xd>Ttc_623־ʵw}AunWpZmD;`]`oco_{n,,1 ÌÈÍÈÑÒÅÐÑÒÂÎ ÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÍÈß È ÍÀÓÊÈ ÓÊÐÀÈÍÛ ÕÀÐÜÊÎÂÑÊÈÉ ÍÀÖÈÎÍÀËÜÍÛÉ ÓÍÈÂÅÐÑÈÒÅÒ ÐÀÄÈÎÝËÅÊÒÐÎÍÈÊÈ ÀÂÒÎÌÀÒÈÇÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈß È ÏÐÈÁÎÐÛ ÀÂÒÎÌÀÒÈÊÈ Âñåóêðàèíñêèé ìåæâåäîìñòâåííûé íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêèé ñáîðíèê Îñíîâàí â 1965 ã. Âûïóñê 117 Õàðüêîâ 2001 xRKP%-+-J-*8Tt). 䤃%H"B'b&ޙw?޻w@&37 ; , ".G69:L3i&5luܢOA-\/v6b &Z97 pJ4;x AUa6]t2?]s[42x$6hE)f^QY!eC\KmJaIz*8̠3P 4#uX 4 D-k²!dh'?߻ >Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:31  N 5>F(16 2 /T0?1`@ 6{Lx՜}_UϴVEۊ fJ)E#)D|jAm1ە-RfٍŨ13h4P40d ҂sߙ;vf yzym`x 4›4ֆzV;I Ø*0Oט6uvp\ku8$=ãa40cQN/Oe΋LǼ[/z#4QO Ii^itC܉Œq&*l½[mDkh(#/1~PV+DXS+IʀQ*B$IȘװWAI#F%g(RF^b* ۼ?Q?x9#PZ' Oi=\w\X_VT.fD4xTq!R1Z1F9, k5g$03z+dP;ڣʇeT>/9%>} ~1\YcEܠ!/Ӵrh`|҇MӇ#9-Sy"ęyxMw[M<"$43oRgwS.D;cNN|PTv#aZ?Ȑ~E;f@V!Xg&$cG۾O\#U{㉌*^1!ri@ǧT u<$}}%yNaJi!%\]Dce{XQS O"Zٟ:-q P{0Sg-^uPWv>cXs6t1ۖyGqm|R],8Ug6|d8IwW|CxX-2+38_ٽٵG!~P}``_H{:I"YOk>-c_~ >?x6{18[e'K|NsJ x\+2P։>ĝ%oQY 7bXFGT_'^CK\_Nf[*KXOҍ>犴Sl?fRʫbUXإ8q/^X3-XŞek/l~~ctJyxA2CzY{,K>&2˷N~A}[. v Cb;J9+-_ qċ 06:Q:%lro.j6=hTqh)S&!ȴ疪;-&7Y^I٘O>)Ƶq}VocB9wn}~y-}j_R9ƌ n>,Bqy p9PnEuj}#1~[).⭋he>+p(J}7!ݫ̘]1|JwIQ|Z+|n@;a99}\А^FcCd>J~\?6s#RX.עWyri'Uޣ>݂h@aEu"񽶿G0֭6D#2\" ~mc6@?0wYϹJ9qOY2"?ȏO*>LgއɈwa<Cor71pi }f0&t7KJ OxAݱ8u~2&sּv.Ti}̇<6^=vWsyq˔gL [+\ y?MtCճf8Ȟt!8pW}hO6j;yٷ9k<~:xڦӗxc<3:>KM%B;O[E1igdx &o!>OأKbK7Că[JƷ}Vi:3p<7}eޕ-e>{lhOŌ?Ԟۦx?~wT= Z{vJ߳X}g?ڛ޳S򞝲=;&¬Bg45 Bn}ڷZscVz3pah (h|/"xvgI;#'{Isr $JR7~/d-'ONRZN?R?>~Pu9W <_/ NR.Lk[+rrpGu9#=ZFxHw-vNn>u?uɹ:yQmJl;lHz~VƖ+[Y}u*@gLRfq4ҩXKoօq'Kgkrwnl\}i^0ߠc9}uWS+u!/e?Ѻ2לtf9'-t,Jly8b~1]8\7Dzl1vL^hGaΣxT*U4rhۅʵ>BV{9KqcIJ{!W8߫,7L(1$w.}D|#Nuȫuh6xkl{y UL Nl, ;[g'1`Ƀz=@Fz+Y])ʢcRSz's'4d9x$@7M4F>`6T2>_V9XKl!Z:uq'rrz<=G:O؇yme=O3 {?q'ʱ/ܔаsyrb I_9&=/aos^ϓ.遞̓Ş'W|x_yO̓Ȏ+_SY'?nwCZ0Hnn&1:}})e}nASHQc[Vr5>w^*h慎P~ប\%ϻxmY+;UG ϝ]ɺZO#~ٹxГXyhݓٿnWmr.ev26xZzM~R4q@wJ`M > Ԝ_=#:^<~Is tʱ.МsJ'߬rlh/ aE4'uN_0(Jn C7>+oB?h=u}H֜Hc}E<#X7Jf`XD_7窸⇪6toO(o˶@ÖZ{S\shohx}ZGmco9ۅ̺P:+ 'Ǵ0K%*՜6 R}ſP6`唲-а_+>Ss}Pk6 ]dAzߞ Zf'cT14 u>,ZCs^2U K`F@ _a iAB*dBuC^!BҵshuKo?+!*߼CGwr{U(c6؂ o(AzKOKx,1E%2C}[ufghg wpuE4{J~c5J/okY;2ش#i`}m+}graџlW1u/h yu+4]՘= _ߝ^Ӯu^QV%xZY7ݹ~8Y SbUZq@Ok;Rf@pu6ffH_D/ݻKٓ[L} 6Rl?4A,|/<#t3c_[u=zRc&SSv?Rw½G:ɷ<9H'-o7YwNdkr{NOҷT_3 IU.tȤF䵚 t1Kpv}(C/ uSҦ%sePXW }y}q|JZ3!Z ^(Q✥T ȭ}puphP4L_Fos#Qg$=g>D[)_c6C βm_'s_ѿ_EKُO<{ٟvu]֓?mc#:4㙔͵ZսĢb"$[,, 2 ÓÄÊ 62-50  ñáîðíèêå ïðåäñòàâëåíû ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé, êàñàþùèõñÿ êîìïüþòåð- íîé èíæåíåðèè, óïðàâëåíèÿ, òåõíè÷åñêîé äèàãíîñòèêè, àâòîìàòèçàöèè ïðîåêòè- ðîâàíèÿ, îïòèìèçèðîâàííîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ êîìïüþòåðíûõ ñåòåé è ñîçäàíèÿ èíòåëëåêòóàëüíûõ ýêñïåðòíûõ ñèñòåì. Ïðåäëîæåíû íîâûå ïîäõîäû, àëãîðèòìû è èõ ïðîãðàììíàÿ ðåàëèçàöèÿ â îáëàñòè àâòîìàòè÷åñêîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ ñëîæíûìè ñèñòåìàìè, îðèãèíàëüíûå èíôîðìàöèîííûå òåõíîëîãèè â íàóêå, îáðàçîâàíèè, ìåäèöèíå. Äëÿ ïðåïîäàâàòåëåé óíèâåðñèòåòîâ, íàó÷íûõ ðàáîòíèêîâ, ñïåöèàëèñòîâ, àñïè- ðàíòîâ. Ó çá³ðíèêó íàâåäåíî ðåçóëüòàòè äîñë³äæåíü, ùî ñòîñóþòüñÿ êîìï ’ þòåðíî¿ ³íæåíåð³¿, óïðàâë³ííÿ, òåõí³÷íî¿ ä³àãíîñòèêè, àâòîìàòèçàö³¿ ïðîåêòóâàííÿ, îïòè- ì³çîâàíîãî âèêîðèñòàííÿ êîìï ’ þòåðíèõ ìåðåæ ³ ñòâîðåííÿ ³íòåëåêòóàëüíèõ åêñ- ïåðòíèõ ñèñòåì. Çàïðîïîíîâàíî íîâ³ ï³äõîäè, àëãîðèòìè òà ¿õ ïðîãðàìíà ðåàë³çà- ö³ÿ â îáëàñò³ àâòîìàòè÷íîãî óïðàâë³ííÿ ñêëàäíèìè ñèñòåìàìè, îðèã³íàëüí³ ³íôîð- ìàö³éí³ òåõíîëî㳿 â íàóö³, îñâ³ò³, ìåäèöèí³. Äëÿ âèêëàäà÷³â óí³âåðñèòåò³â, íàóêîâö³â, ôàõ³âö³â, àñï³ðàíò³â. Ðåäàêöèîííàÿ êîëëåãèÿ: Â.Â. Ñåìåíåö, ä-ð òåõí. íàóê, ïðîô. (ãë. ðåä.), Ì.Ô. Áîíäàðåíêî, ä-ð òåõí. íàóê, ïðîô., È.Ä. Ãîðáåíêî, ä-ð òåõí. íàóê, ïðîô., Å.Ï. Ïóòÿòèí, ä-ð òåõí. íàóê, ïðîô., Â.Ï. Òàðàñåíêî, ä-ð òåõí. íàóê, ïðîô., Ã.È. Çàãàðèé, ä-ð òåõí. íàóê, ïðîô., À.Øòåôàí, äîêòîð-èíæåíåð, Ã.Ô. Êðèâóëÿ, ä-ð òåõí. íàóê, ïðîô., Î.Ã. Ðóäåíêî, ä-ð òåõí. íàóê, ïðîô., Í.Â. Àëèïîâ, ä-ð òåõí. íàóê, ïðîô., Å.Â. Áîäÿíñêèé, ä-ð òåõí. íàóê, ïðîô., Ý.Ã. Ïåòðîâ, ä-ð òåõí. íàóê, ïðîô., Â.Ô. Øîñòàê, ä-ð òåõí. íàóê, ïðîô., Â.Ì. Ëåâûêèí, ä-ð òåõí. íàóê, ïðîô., Â.È. Õàõàíîâ, ä-ð òåõí. íàóê, ïðîô. (îòâ. ðåä.). Ñâèäåòåëüñòâî î ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé ðåãèñòðàöèè ïå÷àòíîãî ñðåäñòâà ìàññîâîé èíôîðìàöèè Ê ¹ 4619 îò 18.10.2000 ã. Àäðåñ ðåäàêöèîííîé êîëëåãèè: Óêðàèíà, 61166, Õàðüêîâ, ïðîñï. Ëåíèíà, 14, Õàðü- êîâñêèé íàöèîíàëüíûé óíèâåðñèòåò ðàäèîýëåêòðîíèêè, êîìí. 321, òåë. 40-93-26 © Õàðê³âñüêèé íàö³îíàëüíèé óí³âåðñèòåò ðàä³îåëåêòðîí³êè, 2001 }xoTU3.m͇Z0p#U  5U#@r /E->Wt(`+AL V$d);;s˰3;җ{ys31"Z#2""G"\+DՐUԏ✬|QJ/Z^+LΛu˛79UXdwNSKc&™l߲wVf=FS!q9"^GL79&F =eqpEzp_`'p sq~P8pv쎬 \.$K{㾺Os o53S8c` 5_Wq nuzj:G9N$Gy\w6evIJip'3p$.)M~~ ߄xKx;n L?wܴ 3 RI_Y Fhrwgyg3-=`q|K_Cg[g!$(16H62~6/ L$132H`{ZxUul$HȋPSK` ɲǶ$( GMgZ"PDdic!bH2c%dgdb3ul~d6cs9߽?{QJf g:cvYX~l}V_ 6_;lꗫxQ]V} x}H\*f뼬x-*_(,^]ujGW98c~"D0_p  (esU\/(>o6sѰlv^~^^fZWDƵiY)0r[‡:˶J ?+gy汽%ogԑmNog~o}*W[?^-f3Z]P9vo6W^]$+z{?&y^;KlEgYVSO g{ۙf۲| rn_,'F̳Y5dhFѷv>Z'z=Cӗ>.[釹Y!5lȺh+1lfv*)4:w=aŃ}{퓃ze؞^4en+2?ۤ2n36~f a`֟ol_tE~KZOHlyK7f%Jrt'md۫?F~g}eBv۟}Nf쒁y}N;zN6qtbfӬ]C,5:bs[e+. "X=OR$_ #{[yX,=9o+R[f7MܪZQYUnٺAoEI >%phEax#mڐ D+N֙Cv;ډ4ߡ#2p3Z_ {߭oʽof&KukW?{*Xݲ.,pvZϚ>z#߱?1F :9 {`߸O{U~ȧ{iUwɧA>ޭRJf]yʗ*N:W32Xyٟ5Keyfys~ves?X|ϳsdN*_vw5|}^"[8&>X*.YK?]Y_I>pJYfښQq90}Afw؝GvCKKjwiOAM -e۸kҽrnw*h˯ w-v˯ vǷwXƅ;1Z$o *A8W0NtZAEӖ{@FֱCgo=:AW?\<{{ij [19% ~EV5.w jʚ/Jۜtdۿ[4_'__!Sf}\8Lxi>޶o7v*q2"?4?ly`@:Y4b`Ed8_w~<>?}7]=2A@+1_Ky>/Z-SL˵L[1Ƣ:K[|}cO 5LwZPzchm2i*I|(7"j]h/F(gċ #|?dq@; Z hw37ѶS의G>qew|d0٢-! zxy4zTMU?|Nd[G$&<+x5͸cGF x0Uqy@><[.' Gm鋶g X#bRi5_.&~C4KU4^7ÊoۄŬӟͪtCY%meN73N|O`q@cΗ\N9Ǒ;jY#[ *Ž9. ۞yPAcw 16 9qNёwkE|yǼRy]Rs[7( ʥF^QDx_'TmC%/`ؾ5Y -1Y.j]|hȶW{>.3b`@ų5>ϖ{>~xnX2vz51sC'hZѮl\Z#;O/d+7ޘwՂE:zb<(tSQ9B:| *#OJ^um|.<֨gK&z~R$[g dK@QO3stEeEM4}| YOh<ށd#[̩d=UQt6X%#6_nYJT.vhE>Q<<V-ސp.Lp,Op{+P|3]f{J}K<;0:~ pV`/[І2|>suoexm{|r`3SM9KKw׊v-ޱ `DH?oV/J&]5>:1&::bA =tʋrL?ȡ33s<vTKQޘS^ Ϧ=-,R],haQ, [,bBށ-݊ h'*ZWX%w|OO!wW z1m74| 7)IH?+ 3?ܤx&u3s^r:5Pb?{4{&Z=+q٪u%{dW oC)Ufݮ&7Jޯ:ߖd{ѪleP&b9y`̫YcɁ>Wt v(#@{}?m9@t 6k^p@Fa5:?KrE:_-^c>YTM q?6t=Kf7Zݢ_EcZ+k~_=_܅a@_:/+.qu<[4df 'ܠA2n]MƽZ4{_7}ٿlQ=VEo7T}bƯ]l>;;{SN{Z湞y^l_tƆu]|wȇ,ex/pECߡȦ./kXCdmDEkx;dEw ~Dاة%yoȩs?oeGq_T:|<<{责/䩧*9v}ҾL[`꬏Zݢ-3ןw9[~HK/EZ7WG7%Ea.%2𕋃;rPё9e˹,4c?ȱ&A"@o hF) fPdkc&b&.ABTuc ߢfxǫ c\7+^l2h@6>T2r.a8I/G}nS- 3.1>a~= |x ˺ 'o0?1;$CU\2G[>7)6^@,,3 ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ ÌÀÒÎÐÈÍ Ñ.È. ÓÔÎ-ÀÍÀËÈÇ...............................................................................................................................................................5 ÀÂÐÀÌÅÍÊÎ Â.Ï., ØÒÀÍÃÅÉ Ñ.Â., ÀÐÒÅÌΠÅ.Í. ÌÎÄÅËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÀ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËß ÇÍÀÍÈÉ Â ÑÈÑÒÅÌÅ ÄÈÑÒÀÍÖÈÎÍÍÎÃÎ ÎÁÓ×ÅÍÈß.........................................................................................................14 ÊÎËßÄÈÍ Â.Ë. ÏÎÑÒÐÎÅÍÈÅ ÑÒÀÒÈÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÌÅÐ ÍÀ ÎÑÍÎÂÅ ÌÎÌÅÍÒΠÄÐÎÁÍÎÃÎ ÏÎÐßÄÊÀ.......................................................................................................................................19 ÀËÈÑÅÉÊÎ Å.Â., ÑÌÅËßÊΠÑ.Â., ÔÀÑÒÎÂÅÖ Â.È. ÌÎÄÅËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÈÍÆÅÍÅÐÍÛÕ ÑÅÒÅÉ ÏÐÈ ÐÀÇÍÎÐÎÄÍÛÕ ÊÐÈÒÅÐÈßÕ È ÎÃÐÀÍÈ×ÅÍÈßÕ........................................................................................................28 ÊÎÐÎ˨ À.Â., ÑÒÐÞÊ À.Þ. ÂÎËÍÎÂÎÅ ÏÐÅÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÌÀÒÐÈÖ Ñ ÍÅרÒÍÛÌÈ ÐÀÇÌÅÐÍÎÑÒßÌÈ................................................................................................................................................32 ÁÀÐÀÍÍÈÊ Â.Â., ÊÎÐÎ˨ÂÀ Í.À. ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÎÍÍÀß ÌÎÄÅËÜ ÏÐÅÄÑÒÀÂËÅÍÈß ÑÅÐÈÉ ÝËÅÌÅÍÒΠÈÇÎÁÐÀÆÅÍÈÉ ÏÎËÈÀÄÈ×ÅÑÊÈÌÈ ÊÎÄÀÌÈ...............................................................37 ÊÐÈÂÎÄÓÁÑÊÈÉ Î.À., ØÓØÓÐÀ À.Í. ÈÄÅÍÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß ÌÎÄÅËÅÉ ÄÈÍÀÌÈ×ÅÑÊÎÃÎ ÏÐÎÃÍÎÇÀ ÑÅÁÅÑÒÎÈÌÎÑÒÈ ÏÐÎÄÓÊÖÈÈ .........................................................................................................44 ÒÅÌÍÈÊΠÈ.Í. ÀÍÀËÈÇ ÑËÎÆÍÎÑÒÈ ÍÅËÈÍÅÉÍÛÕ ÏÎÑËÅÄÎÂÀÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÅÉ ÌÀÊÑÈÌÀËÜÍÎÉ ÄËÈÍÛ...........................................................................................................................48 ÌÀÍÀÊÎÂÀ Í.Î., ÃÐÈÃÎÐÜÅ À.Â., ÅÂÄÎÊÈÌΠÀ.À. ÎÁ ÎÄÍÎÌ ÀËÃÎÐÈÒÌÅ ÐÅØÅÍÈß ÇÀÄÀ×È ÈÄÅÍÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈÈ ÑÎÑÒÎßÍÈß ÏÎÒÎÊÎÐÀÑÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈß Â ÈÍÆÅÍÅÐÍÎÉ ÑÅÒÈ..............50 ÏÎËÎÍÑÊÈÉ À.Ä. ÐÎÁÀÑÒÍÛÉ ÔÈËÜÒÐ ÊÀËÌÀÍÀ ÄËß ÓÑÒÎÉ×ÈÂÎÃÎ ÎÖÅÍÈÂÀÍÈß ÑÊÎÐÎÑÒÈ ÇÂÓÊÀ..............................................................................................................................................55 ÔÎÌÅÍÊÎ Î.Í., ËÈÏÀÍΠÂ.Ä., ßÐÓÒÀ Â.À. ÄÎÇÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ È ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜ ÝÔÔÅÊÒÈÂÍÎÑÒÈ ÖÂÅÒÎÒÅÐÀÏÈÈ ........58 ÊÎËÎÄ߯ÍÛÉ Â.Â. ÑÀÌÎÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÓÞÙÀßÑß ÍÅÉÐÎ-ÔÀÇÇÈ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈß...65 ËÛÑÅÍÊÎ Ä.Ë., ÕÎÌßÊΠÅ.Â., ×ÅÐÅÄÍÈÊΠÏ.È. ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÝËÅÌÅÍÒΠ“ È ” , “ ÈËÈ ” , “ ÍÅ ” ÍÀ ÏÀÐÀÌÅÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÇÎÍÍÛÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ..............................................................70 Ò²ÙÅÍÊÎ ².Î. ÄÎÑË²ÄÆÅÍÍß ÔÓÍÊÖ²É ËÎò×ÍÈÕ ÅËÅÌÅÍҲ ÃÍÓ×ÊÈÕ ÂÈÐÎÁÍÈ×ÈÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌ................................................................................................................................74 xVMHTQ{J3l*%JEAiDPQESBqQ`ECC(` ( l~("Z47γ>Q!)Ws>@u XMQ]8\ WS⚊0sLS!1Vl' /K,T1Y:b4Jܔ|[/sǤ3/qeS#+Yt Y@nw:-^1`d(dz]PorFyO4nVtK{>q%tmdYYcuN.:Ym]in%ڒhBc$VbFʫ?s4Ni>Sat!5u7&P4zNT!*m+D9i"(GGQ뱔6) l f~rq'+*uxqk5FNT`1Dđ#~>!ZAmlZxK[w~[;Yo/h-[WLeGMբ9WoPyfrip>̥~~Wyšй0΅ϊ5klω'4.ܫi|V窚Ʀ2 FQ(`0 ,Q(`0 FZ4QMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:31  Mp7 MM(16_24`/M1r\"{^x^UuﷻDA~ nŠj'Bf kZGiuZڡN0L[ ,lBmHl"i SgJ;ٷ@ossϹ޷mݭ.ҟπP}NJ=7/7SjmҗM[VƔG=y ӻIҧgӍ)H㯟wEFM@|xԄ[JϢr 69 >W},2'.UHA&yЄ>Ь4JK*mt=Dϝ g ]_./,ۗΘzi묛#>Ƨ眰ye䯝 ߸xKӊ~*-ϙiO҄ԎN4siW>tբ"m=~n]d=Z=HhQDMgVώ3L6|DJE%َ7h+2ү8:|TBz Ęc^pS/%xҖ}sɎD gvOz'솾:A?pt}8]n|6]߇/=3WF_X"n -ݗ~R˄m[ϡvJhډ[y҅agu[_gxpnka=o%>3<=m_Uxh{.wU.z^qۃ5[đoZ] P 2>K~KUxK[E邴8].J!gNo_Owq>?=-`՛W8Z; 'HZ20^FᎦm xU<KCU!8m46 as'V{D `2-o9G-'^~NE.XFZ-=dۮ׫O7Oz >J'}}OI d.&&Vߎ>Tz[/e_qۆ?{Ï'֪O,=>ng-KYA43ҝ]}ʏf}S9-O'2O^N&u :,NC@8ZfHZRN=Ehڊg"ojd6BY|˭:vXRW, +QM+'nJbD+1y ]zBzQvFi]շ;A{AkxϺBcB~)ywWb4Gvq(C8f Qjhۑ2=ޓC:SO1.ccO7/(o^ X`-/|ucL,D(1 9jW3Σ_6>lCXVi'{S i\m>&;Q~PK؀\ ʕFZcfbwF[~sm%Z:[nWiqYƱ+l N~n؈eO+cX׳zu~~o&>oSvFY,|a(k\J9g#Ck6gc봘 s"ش̀|2֓+hW`S>Z҃e-\Ǻy6I7y5̓irX̝!M@Mx΁n#hH{w. :ߍm!;Z|B|?`Mv<}ޤQye#J=(P//ϲ_/im׽ab$hg#ۤ{icX b-`F vz21КG[= hi#lueeIguEx1L[e nթ~r0 !hCkҭע׍6(?CMlAF uw1Y0*Ǟvڈ^͸7nO ?T׮iG9zb'vN~](Bg(g=/uف%Wi`؋Xπ֣n7s/񶞗ڟ"dWR>ϭX6>xJT#Gs|8=~Z!@F؅vE_ }[K]).X:~| hӑkw{y6̬q_ڎhCUybu{mޔC۾mڶ;>6Kwm29Fo+t}f6Jpn<ηӫt W=E~rA}֥1/Wwu:Tw[Tv&~5^ڳx_͇Oh`0ê1ʀc؆-8>\㥼/v.y~bvZ Lgbf]Gd]z:[ɹ_͛ڤwiWw,+hIn㎲sFYBruy3f6%ycp >7Bi V3yFVxf.`(L6tkdr]n괭~߈5JS8,m[Ns>Ӵu˳AolJ=CoC֤pF] =+7OwN:p;\Ggf3ibW¼}:-cz:W4멗;jYb}aQ|ir5Wi/-]NRL[>[|I@y]<򍵈b/{oz.D/CKb"/vڕ|/<~Y}8;?=.>i m.c4Gp9pyVtw ;.z]-} iwռ>V/imІM[&dl. y^-/hxZ_C\:E9.yewgz^6ٱg?,vZfhgG~8mc͌i6 6Ýʼ#3$#-ts6a>Q0WǠCMsu%<l-OE&oN^ӈ2f268m' e X^~`٨zˀisJD천y2^@Y@q~84!tC;Z>V<oՔ/!ތ!h3K%Y4Vfjug |}5-;دoi2MzP\O_uDyĂ)gX.U:hmN@O :AIyiFqSEu3a/syBۮjsao\ 'bTrAwmmR?ػhz *=uFWos'mbc<ҎGuRh{~<|nGG}8̵gq3\k ńXIGchӫ9/ہ60 1j5/s]"D ߜWt>7۲~O]V?M+Oˈ}B>J})8 >߃e=ޝFR~~W2D |0]K"}? QߖU; 4m@Un?̋墼:1Xƺ,i[ LZBg ȋYN.?| &do==5&*<-#w1ڸkuy*~CVZ?xB+xFye,m8>CscCo]⬾a^yKӼX Q˺7w;+]0]LVIs/C_MZ۳h/[Wm/["~;׶:\ Չ_V:}f?X_MWr;&;/#W_.&ɽeyV_-O~}e |)oz}deZ=aBF2= O`Pn[~}1hu#u)ݴp/Z|lZ`+WCJM 89ڎ4&7ƨˀБs^ߐ!]Wbi^D{?A[mGYMn<4x{[Sw[i+ͪ+6߿XWP ChK؏H+o^9,_[&z1[Fס*o?yO81 *h&xx8g \m.>j m hK.N]ڀ(k;ruރKK/lMݺg#Fَ X^bWl#8ŝR 똿נiV;<]߹qUMNCʉ\+xkɴ9|pEP?N\K+`ݖ Y^(0D>{J}n@g}`T"(ƺuY$yf,,4 ÐßÁÖÅ Â.Ã., ÊÈÐÈËÅÍÊÎ Í.Ë., ÄÎËÎÊÀ Â.À. ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ÏÐÎÃÍÎÇÓÂÀÍÍß ²ÌβÐÍÎÑÒ² ÂÈßÂËÅÍÍß Â²ÄÌΠ̲ÊÐÎÑÕÅÌ ÏÀÌ ’ ßÒ² ÏÐÈ ÍÅײÒÊÈÕ ÀÏвÎÐÍÈÕ ÄÀÍÈÕ.............................77 ÊÀÊÓÐÈÍ Í.ß., ÊÓÏÐÅÉ×ÈÊ È.Â., ÌÀÊÀÐÅÍÊÎ À.Í. ÏÎÂÛØÅÍÈÅ ÁÛÑÒÐÎÄÅÉÑÒÂÈß ÏÐÅÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÒÅËÅÉ ÊÎÄÀ ÑÎÊ....84 ÊÓ×ÅÐÅÍÊÎ Å.È., ÁÎÄßÍÑÊÈÉ Å.Â. ÐÀÑØÈÐÅÍÈÅ ÍÅ×ÅÒÊÈÕ ÑÅÒÅÂÛÕ ÌÎÄÅËÅÉ ÍÀ ÎÑÍÎÂÅ ÍÅÉÐÎ-ÔÀÇÇÈ-ÑÅÒÅÉ ÏÅÒÐÈ..............................................................................................................92 ØÊÈËÜ À.Ñ, ÕÀÕÀÍΠÂ.È., ÏÎÁÅÆÅÍÊÎ Â.Â. ÒÐÎÈ×ÍÎÅ ÌÎÄÅËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÖÈÔÐÎÂÛÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌ Â ÑÀÏÐ ÏÐÎÃÐÀÌÌÈÐÓÅÌÎÉ ËÎÃÈÊÈ.............................................................................................................99 ÃÐÈÖÞÊ Â.È. ÑÎÑÒÎßÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÜ È ÏÎÌÅÕÎÓÑÒÎÉ×ÈÂÛÅ ÎÖÅÍÊÈ ÂÐÅÌÅÍÍÛÕ ÐßÄÎÂ......................................................................................................................................106 ÀÂÐÀÌÅÍÊÎ Â.Ï., ÀÁÓ-ÑÀÐÕÀÍ ÇÀÕÈ À.Ì., ÑÀÄÀÒ ÊÕÓÄÈÐ ÏÎÊÀÇÀÒÅËÈ ÝÔÔÅÊÒÈÂÍÎÑÒÈ ÔÓÍÊÖÈÎÍÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß ÐÀÑÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÍÎÉ ÊÎÐÏÎÐÀÒÈÂÍÎÉ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ È ÏÎÑÒÀÍÎÂÊÀ ÇÀÄÀ×È ÈÕ ÎÏÒÈÌÈÇÀÖÈÈ...............................................................................................................109 ÆÈËÈÍ À.Â. ÔÎÐÌÀËÈÇÎÂÀÍÍÎÅ ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÎÉ ÄÅßÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÈ ÏÐÎÌÛØËÅÍÍÎÃÎ ÏÐÅÄÏÐÈßÒÈß...........................................................................................118 ÊÀËÎØÀ Â.À., ÑÀÐÊÅÐ À.Õ., ÓÄÎÂÅÍÊÎ Ñ.Ã. ÎÖÅÍÊÀ ÐÎÁÀÑÒÍÎÑÒÈ ÀÄÀÏÒÈÂÍÛÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌ ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈß Ñ ÝÒÀËÎÍÍÎÉ ÌÎÄÅËÜÞ........................................................................................................................121 ÇÀÌÈÐÅÖ Í.Â., ÊÎÒÓÕ Â.Ã., ÍÅÑÒÅÐÖÎÂÀ Ñ.À. ÒÅÎÐÅÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÎÑÍÎÂÛ ÃÅÐÌÅÒÈÇÀÖÈÈ ÌÈÊÐÎÑÁÎÐÎÊ ÐÀÄÈÎÝËÅÊÒÐÎÍÍÎÉ ÀÏÏÀÐÀÒÓÐÛ ÌÅÒÎÄÎÌ ÏÀÉÊÈ ÒÎÊÀÌÈ ÂÛÑÎÊÎÉ ×ÀÑÒÎÒÛ....................................................................................................................................126 ØÀÁÀÍÎÂ-ÊÓØÍÀÐÅÍÊÎ Ñ.Þ. ÊÎÌÏÜÞÒÅÐÍÀß ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ SUPER COLOR È ÅÅ ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈÅ Â ÐÎËÈ ÏÎÐÎÃÎÂÎÃÎ ÊÎËÎÐÈÌÅÒÐÀ.....................................................................................130 ÌÀËÅÍ×ÅÍÊÎ Ç.Þ., ØÀÁÀÍÎÂ-ÊÓØÍÀÐÅÍÊÎ Þ.Ï., ØÀÁÀÍÎÂ-ÊÓØÍÀÐÅÍÊÎ C.Þ. ÎÁÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ×ÀÑÒÎÒÍÎ-ÈÌÏÓËÜÑÍÛÕ ÊÎÄΠÇÂÓÊÎÂ.................................138 ÃÎËÎÂÀØÈ× Ñ.À. ÌÅÒÎÄ ÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß ÖÈÊËÎÂÛÕ ÔÓÍÊÖÈÉ ÁÑØ...................................................................................................................................................155 ÃÐÈÖÞÊ Å.Ì. ÌÎÄÅËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÒÅÐÌÎÌÅÕÀÍÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÏÎËÅÉ....161 ÎÊÑÀÍÈ× À.Ï., ÏÅÒÐÅÍÊÎ Â.Ð. ÀÂÒÎÌÀÒÈÇÀÖÈß È ÌÎÄÅËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑΠÂÛÐÀÙÈÂÀÍÈß ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÍÎ- ÑÎÂÅÐØÅÍÍÛÕ ÌÎÍÎÊÐÈÑÒÀËËΠÊÐÅÌÍÈß ÁÎËÜØÎÃÎ ÄÈÀÌÅÒÐÀ................................................................................................................................................................165 ÐÅÔÅÐÀÒÈ................................................................................................................................................................169 xV[hTW]KCǠĀVT!UGH5(:1">~Q   H|h*QTTJTЀa:79xLm˹{0 ?) U|r ^>Y 3ẏk賘#'9oX8>(3AyʴHi(>m uTiIRM^/d\Z杗y9/޻3_pROxk؋bWjsJ̿W{/ݬOU{,ݵA'jqmOP:,hNMkif±/]\:u3#sH|F&5hyz)XN] LT'PmbsYY"Vs,!&6(RX@\IiwT_sNKErdPϺWB 9q-yD'imqDOD9>y(7ɷ;'^)sȫM!>GMe}'oEJsV <@G5˩{yQNZ_hZVO 2$V$vP-wVNP`|oy3\ǘψf㙏po%G?19&(ݘsl2xTcVU*` XVG*` XVU*V=RMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:31  Fx&a 6x>x(16،2/Lx1{xxݝ Ey;ILBNAߓ$ DAEKa4Z0Q$QXShc;qJgȴZ1FK.{_߻|y}2^}s-|{۴kpk3dJ _~g)kpj_$(p%UKFAH[_jfx(#ߊ9a<)MTJ)S//R# QӕFeo(ʌYj ȸ0-8H䲾41C ;\;lvc]\Bw83:ͱM?9?ܡ2 uSj=?Hቹ˦J姍ϕ/~z^]Cn>'|~'ݸl ( Qk}Н#b ;e~Xz_9}ywY"o tx='=\?ӹ^?D{ pYUcmJJ}cG,sY8?(vyE-ܥxpkC;*m;ˇ6eǢ]>?q(|R"r>ҘE'D%_]gJ}+&P_%&X?#ܚDx*dpeaR vp~R%,\&?Y vtn縏L!~];|[iy]]{6)׎N}4[al`UW\k~eSN _{D9qkt~q%y˦v 9My!I.[SO}S6Hsy#„;6{$)fsN}fW}Ѣ?rvxt/I?uvct)pTdӧ33zsdc )+[NR`W}D^H󵏹9֊[fwuN"wzCip81JāU5._# ňy­/W3av+*՟U=Wȷ((ir$ 1l'؊ޝG '[M=C ʿ!RSpS~[#//ﯿR+$p'lZ`!v}2prN^zju?)_~tߏ$5#; ?~zf%ҰT/.xĞ2iT|U.cX;fۤ*wY$UmLZ!{&u|D%DZDrydz΁1<*FS4F`.F ܚSť)aӏsmLnc4L|}3Λ8=Ð U1O}(ٞ&rI畈E~ڰ'g_O^g; -T%ΘO)Om RU­ >۩|zF/ ;¦;Ug}î),n٥pإ BᄚGeћWpvݒFSsV%q6%#AS>E)mC^dJn_sM i?ƙ':8<>GZ%:=T)cL^o7(j%g$ia4,S<9 =m-聭ilp8S8-a_7ǑjxI8tOݠB>'ܐ 9r|i ^G vh 6ɼWGQ#CmA S4, SJ9>nQzu5ov:|@qpvuJ>wdΗeQ&dzHe eLN!Mi_70^ J#D{;CyOQN{8ȉ1P#,Blh}xئ›qzFo씆3ipvXiek4'&cSXđ_uޯhkS4V)F0ʖ'/h3Wp쵲"(8sP.ݏяiS:9mR۶67zg'P^o` V±.Gɺm"pon JA"|.}W/XUhoT&'vܶF:^7r7-|KӠ?p~J ݏi]'/K6#QyS" >̮ =B7Sاe4{UŽrV+rN.[91r&1oeZg?øf[N鶎7yAG<]/LKNu*{&R:E[ h[[&]n ؜#?c8m>}+q`F&c*ǀ)v/8;}HNZNg\YW#q24=:6KaȚxgLƑہ"3괇<:'ܨuopw n_41z%E/fE vD}O$ǸN-3r.Ӳ6z<<:a{l CE[75BL;軻=^k\oCJqlV|_AhwzX(lkIӥΐuYEY['nkzM J@O.1N0>Bst ]v{5^Eib@my?x:ÇGF>O' 2ƫ sa*adA (زFkmep+NB/c+n} uq<+qtn.{=w {Xa?>bAp}m5S+sӿ{s?Y:ϋq?,>#=c)_&klC Y^ב vC^쿴Sֺ!ǟiS{ _S<> op}m3u)~C &#u!#`x`WvR.֟aΎ1{լh=.Xzj`~V :SB.鼑72-ShkZKЦv5 W͓r9c,tg)KNX1׎NYvp`wʼnn0ߟ1 tOOxm!y7",<ؒ ْ#n?\-{rۆ[4Ao[(k^xctO 2xat *XB5oK"8>ΊOv=!O~ψW J&;Ne&j9ZF&W 92&n=eO_79zh't:%\}[Sr=eލwTn :ROm'U;p󄞲y z'ho3>} xjh< ?xY%NEzt|$>Q' yF`?3k%A$}xh)$O'i\cV>Izx?AW]:n`7qQZ"AgrPy]c W{k,q{krσ0{׌4k,Xx2,"+,a-²wG5fZ'Yl\9wFH*"~h;!rӁ#\N9D;كiRf36W 6g(z)~TTb_r\\Y.=Vט_-Wg-K< _7%"/5O1sw4kPZ2?.dǼ Ʒћ?AedcZʛz1˖7uYҾݧi[=x2|l#0'17(~:G?W<RvX=|!>EzgHx9W&?}g_sh LO=>'RX {Yʋ~o)[ 2&*EI)@I=/*rE 71nl)i_IHm` Sj@`l G]py_~ؓ|/1{'ǝe|1>%\;#FHjp,,*ؔ}ߺe}<%w,.;˱/mc=iZ3hg *Cy-mcg plA{l60MY]|-5`0˼Zsi#v_@oFs3hDn$VpNxؕ_I*Eվw\혢0_'qL MTBNȂ:[/h,gڑǾg OpñN2G_a?`ncנ7zRY5\*Ry.Gr'.ϜMS|+|*٣@oF)}c}\.eSY>k|?R95<<p$$"~<^ï<>ہAQ+ૂs-av4Z#+)>)}gg8?؂AzNg 3zR~8dhH$y[xdMrq:8KuqEwng3ϛ|#&=+5Oӂ[d\[ Sٷ}g"q_Ƹ/l}O>=@XѳꝘ\-T)2r  Sx@::ϰ`Y?~}%1VN21o?1+.|k]eS;%RZ].Vu#ob} Hʝ­7-/`1Q͒A͟oVus]͒sGnLS%|oIYsN 1+Mz,Y8o`R7K% â ToK ~N$_Um w`u{G#>^+"i˯V\Qc~1CzApLq 䦅e(ڢm;Oq7?dHzd y.,CpȰ!:^# %ﻙ#{f&J:WzV_ KÓ:enȁk*arր(q@' pQw#W/*Z[&ȓ9 7|y:.9#W`ԡ8mk!3ò1Nu|T8˔k4]oڗ#(v+z&滂"g\;tB&˺ی ?i:?8%Sd قƞ?.66NwW9#VܗZ$~vd.}/2 :37IPrdD*?={Ҿb}ts"!'bUYN:ddy(Wn,`us@+Ǭ&9ʿ *TU'}71(Cj_e :]wȐ|AYvN77*HY!y5vFr OO z*AeY;^Y>Tv_p)oL2n 3u,?),BWHk\Y[̼fZuS#W^ G{\-,?pԎZޏNK9BWAp-@lbx,3p+3 |u"U_/ U@f?seCEWg{[:E$b2|㳙 ;lKYJe[k\\u2L|}F``#~Ǘ|gKK9W*\',Tre-{:?Tw~H )[(v2/mO3P<piiwB_pȩ<(),'pgY}T<++6ߤulS;Wd2׉,|_rY/T7,0ʲW,8qO/yn̕=Lc>}Pr9d爟22<Fŗ`sҼ|X?q@OPK橋)?l ْ#gM>Fe-epВNtMkm8|At3}しguvbCBu^/Ϩ]ԛߧDO !~3_'BB|~Z*}԰R:2qNP%|5 ux@osP +C8tp |7|v:/, ;SޫB|s ];sѻ`"FB$Iq:p| 9Z|xQl*OLhiɑ-<)}3)om<_ΌEy.mltI |Q_ <.\7x44 $ot5O, ONaə9X色]Liv)m>?p|N U4~,}od 3ugIzߌqn~\~.rzߪ8%򚠄<,t%n9m-;y'cehƓB6֩=h:6/udu),tKRo߾ p/R:&j>[ݽ[1F)FKؘ7sXyuios{m1"2yٗ(WIN]X AS[1or_/1howQOdZ\?Bk663GgDu|7eT,eo_Cѓw"]g1[fe 1-f=#Ch,og;3OO[ȁuhAgy x&ۀ h \' E|yͲLo:{nFs7ء--|Gn2Fԏxu{^-큳orC)e&~@oZn`:Aw5 %uvJټʻCq?siԜӯ}ݣc;kVFS:'wgaȱ@C; ۤO9>-[MDzp;zg>/cs5xuo:p?@_@ @+E[wVmEOϛ& lѱZǯ8/'&ex;2MtS=ZM Efy~,o?m/z?ռ:h1snKxyeӅ=Rakl{O,diw 5Nlƀ茓u,T/!WtvlВϹu򴞶3?(|~8HƧc2OCCk89ov؁蟸VM!EL0Nv{VN:j7~CNkz5'~~2I_NUsGF̟y0|"L[>|yиy&8{B=o:>c~[lذC]J̃~4#92,,5 ÓÄÊ 519.688 + 519.683.7 Ñ.È. ÌÀÒÎÐÈÍ ÓÔÎ-ÀÍÀËÈÇ Ðàññìàòðèâàåòñÿ àëãîðèòì ÓÔÎ-àíàëèçà, îñíîâàííûé íà èñïîëüçîâàíèè èåðàðõèè êëàññîâ “ Óçëû – Ôóíêöèè – Îáúåêòû ” è ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèé ñîáîé ðàçâèòèå è ôîðìàëèçàöèþ ìåòîäà ñèñòåìîëîãè÷åñêîãî àíàëèçà (OMSAD), êîòî- ðûé ñîãëàñóåòñÿ ñ ïðîöåäóðàìè OOÏ. Àëãîðèòì ïîçâîëÿåò èñïîëüçîâàòü ôîð- ìàëèçîâàííûå ïðàâèëà âûÿâëåíèÿ êëàññîâ è îáúåêòîâ ïðåäìåòíîé îáëàñòè â ïðîöåññå îáúåêòíî-îðèåíòèðîâàííîãî àíàëèçà è ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ. Ââåäåíèå Ïðè ïðîâåäåíèè îáúåêòíî-îðèåíòèðîâàííîãî àíàëèçà (OOA) è îáúåêòíî-îðè- åíòèðîâàííîãî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ (OOÏ) íåîáõîäèìî îñóùåñòâëÿòü äåêîìïîçèöèþ îáëàñòè ïðèëîæåíèÿ è ðàçðàáàòûâàåìîé èíôîðìàöèîííîé ñèñòåìû. Äëÿ îáåñïå- ÷åíèÿ òàêîé äåêîìïîçèöèè â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ îáúåêòíî-îðèåíòèðîâàííîé ïàðàäèã- ìîé èñïîëüçóþòñÿ àáñòðàãèðîâàíèå è èåðàðõèÿ [1]. Îäíàêî â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ çàäà÷à îáúåêòíî-îðèåíòèðîâàííîé äåêîìïîçèöèè è âûäåëåíèÿ êëàññîâ è îáúåê- òîâ íå èìååò çàêîí÷åííîãî ôîðìàëüíîãî ðåøåíèÿ. “ Îáúåêòíî-îðèåíòèðîâàííàÿ ìåòîäèêà ïîçâîëÿåò çíà÷èòåëüíî ïîâûñèòü êà÷åñòâî è ïðîäóêòèâíîñòü ðàçðàáîò- êè ïðîãðàììíîãî îáåñïå÷åíèÿ. Îäíàêî èçâëå÷ü èç íåå âûãîäó ìîæíî òîëüêî òîãäà, êîãäà ïðàâèëüíî îïðåäåëåíî ìíîæåñòâî îáúåêòîâ. Ïîäõîäÿùåå ìíîæåñòâî îáúåê- òîâ äëÿ êîíêðåòíîé îáëàñòè ïðèëîæåíèÿ îáåñïå÷èâàåò ïîâòîðíîå ïðèìåíåíèå ñèñòåìû è âîçìîæíîñòè åå ðàñøèðåíèÿ, à òàêæå ãàðàíòèðóåò êà÷åñòâî è ïðîäóê- òèâíîñòü ïîòåíöèàëüíûõ óëó÷øåíèé, ïðèñóùèõ îáúåêòíî-îðèåíòèðîâàííîé ïà- ðàäèãìå. Áåç ôîðìàëüíûõ ìåòîäîâ îïðåäåëåíèÿ îáúåêòîâ ðàçðàáîò÷èêè ïðî- ãðàììíîãî îáåñïå÷åíèÿ ðèñêóþò îñòàòüñÿ ïðîñòî õàêåðàìè íà îáúåêòíîì óðîâíå ” [2, ñ. 23]. Ïðè ýòîì â ëèòåðàòóðå ïî îáúåêòíî-îðèåíòèðîâàííîìó ïîäõîäó îòìå÷àåòñÿ, ÷òî “ ê ñîæàëåíèþ, ïîêà íå ðàçðàáîòàíû ñòðîãèå ìåòîäû êëàññèôèêàöèè è íåò ïðàâèëà, ïîçâîëÿþùåãî âûäåëÿòü êëàññû è îáúåêòû. … Êàê è âî ìíîãèõ òåõíè- ÷åñêèõ äèñöèïëèíàõ, âûáîð êëàññîâ ÿâëÿåòñÿ êîìïðîìèññíûì ðåøåíèåì ” [1, ñ. 147]. Ñóùåñòâóþùèå ìåòîäèêè OOA íà ñåãîäíÿøíèé äåíü ïðåäëàãàþò ýâðèñòè- ÷åñêèå ïðàâèëà èäåíòèôèêàöèè êëàññîâ è îáúåêòîâ, îñíîâàííûå íà îïûòå êëàñ- ñèôèêàöèè â äðóãèõ íàóêàõ. Ïðè ýòîì ðàçíûå àâòîðû ïðåäëàãàþò ðàçëè÷íûå íàáîðû áàçîâûõ êëàññîâ äëÿ îáúåêòíîãî ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ è ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ. Íà- ïðèìåð, â ðàáîòå [3] ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ íàáîð: Î ÑßÇÀÅÌÛÅ ÏÐÅÄÌÅÒÛ , Ð ÎËÈ , Ñ ÎÁÛÒÈß ,  ÇÀÈÌÎÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÅ .  ðàáîòå [4] ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ ñëåäóþùèé íàáîð: Ë ÞÄÈ , Ì ÅÑÒÀ , Ï ÐÅÄÌÅÒÛ , Î ÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÈ , Ê ÎÍÖÅÏÖÈÈ , Ñ ÎÁÛÒÈß .  ðàáîòå [5] ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ òàêîé íàáîð: Ñ ÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÛ , Ä ÐÓÃÈÅ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ , Ó ÑÒÐÎÉÑÒÂÀ , Ñ ÎÁÛÒÈß , Ð ÀÇÛÃÐÛÂÀÅÌÛÅ ÐÎËÈ , Ì ÅÑÒÀ , Î ÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÎÍÍÛÅ ÅÄÈÍÈÖÛ . Íàëè÷èå ðàçíûõ âàðèàíòîâ è îòñóòñòâèå êàêèõ-ëèáî èõ îáîñíîâàíèé ñâèäå- òåëüñòâóåò î òîì, ÷òî íà ñåãîäíÿøíèé äåíü íàó÷íûå ñèñòåìíûå ìåòîäû êëàññè- ôèöèðîâàíèÿ, ïîçâîëÿþùèå îáîñíîâàííî âûäåëÿòü êëàññû è îáúåêòû, â îáúåêò- íî-îðèåíòèðîâàííîé òåõíîëîãèè ïîêà åùå íå ïðèìåíÿþòñÿ. Êàæóùååñÿ åñòåñòâåííûì ïðèìåíåíèå ìåòîäîâ ñèñòåìíîãî àíàëèçà äëÿ íóæä OOA è OOÏ îêàçûâàåòñÿ ìàëîýôôåêòèâíûì ââèäó òîãî, ÷òî ìåòîäû òðàäèöèîí- íîãî ñèñòåìíîãî àíàëèçà “ ïîëíîñòüþ îðòîãîíàëüíû ïðèíöèïàì îáúåêòíî-îðèåí- òèðîâàííîãî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ ” [1, ñ. 161]. Ñïåöèàëèñòû ïî ñèñòåìíîìó àíàëèçó ïðèõîäÿò ê âûâîäó, ÷òî ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè òðàäèöèîííûõ ñèñòåìíûõ ìåòîäîâ äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ OOÏ âñå ðàâíî ïðèõîäèòñÿ âûõîäèòü çà èõ ðàìêè è èñïîëüçîâàòü äîïîëíèòåëüíûå ñðåäñòâà, òàê êàê ñîâðåìåííûå ìåòîäû ñèñòåìíîãî àíàëèçà “ íå ïîçâîëÿþò òåì íå ìåíåå èäåíòèôèöèðîâàòü ïîäõîäÿùåå ìíîæåñòâî îáúåêòîâ äëÿ W,x]lTE]h)v[m !-W04-Q PDh%x *b_2 Ր4bD`hP^L<iB@LJ"K@ԇ̜9sNg}"c"R6RQY Di3_!^Cҟɴl7"ؔRwr*au9wUBݸ3ctNO<{+YyT'˷u%$ji; o~yӸy` L?-mOMQXsZ#ǀ9^2'qh_8jk,u^SC%~6+(c3735 3k_#͐2C|') YiD"IۆN'}'s6pN[sj=3>x;7[-θ59VoHoK1ErH8xW$uͷ3)e%x:lď͘EV]}(h+m!Vq||΁|y4{s*<@^w`U(-TX#A9+/d\@vzVD*_t:_:IWAiǎYvaq)uj[?܇У*"H^׀{cm-E}a4+CM>lJ8? ĽIMy2^XBg]B,y1q;bLtjA-qu` _up CT-ai`2gXH481ӱp#v!vf\AMbyJt!\:L/SeOWVsڌ֭ImָX[^v0uY5چ{yu$u7{VG$4P>JvrLa<YsZT=jrV8xh,b?I@N>( vz»;  Jm K{%D~bÌ τcve7?Qyɓ Ι T<2wA)~*m)jGiӹǃ`&7R;+1ǀ{L[/#FhN~+sLb>ڧ*]h-Xc]c/u "v~fU٩[)Rʊd æ~g}7\.c9̜qkc$<S#11Afe=yΡ2knq=y{QK=' Э scOk{ c?sBNiFSӕN§w"M rYՓN?9?Bxs%T%ݷpN!<N|+aJ. e4+|HS!t8ZM)JU6zfzv֝V)稌f?}Z&+UtU-RSBY+Je㦯ݕ ò<7gyxZ\!1k!LIO gEpAo:iG^CF?gж}6PGmj yQܰ9=Hច4Ianړ}ے'6MiJmig/xl*[!Yo+ KkKiYb ~laj5&%uV'1IRw.bg@YXFmP~,_h!$/*!GbAɓN%-J'BF^RarݯVZ;`_ξ{ɗ~Z, K#j|tQ&͠k ďeja-QӾ`r<~mQnYivEO@Lczچ^3G=}|c}'*S雲=os7R'-Kd6i2J;-A2YCkKf螖רE{Y^:blq#nyƲ\cvUDzӎp?-Ac}SZAۦ/qJEܖۀ&ԧmnn}{D{ZOޜyF8C :AK"i]S+_GʏE;EO]̶)Z?/k"ApV<-gهyXȋϴG~xi@h21.nϱ:ӻ]g'Mcޡ*m?lAE:T6PLε߼۱M)>Bpj;Y &`u0FG((>7$O5ՋJlQaxH*p۴oȇrْL =#=釶O9::vY_/_~CyEێQ~Ps{w洱Y9;Z^&sr%s}KLN1=g**UFZ37cF)L|  Hۦ?B6)dcE4)wnznm&b~/4_$\DxF?Ax9L)=Wf1 s>|n'0FЍ^)w>nhBc{yzk:A>~"<ʡ`LuE6z".”{8!{Hwy͙rOD%X]`?딼FY1Ҩ*+V^O72An#pEV@(Rnp?Dvrh/n1Iy2pNП۔#OϯyIٝzedKY8{SfIIܯ5y^M "n3,3bc}NoM9 0f`,Kýur『A8f]_v_@rgw;@Pv`yL5{4k.IN(\m)KeYlim*VhyXײGXv۟ iSmkqڣ i ;-ׇ;ʠ1m;AK$ݷpL '&L.z'x"++l0]*|Mk+5hvbpӦzga[.`V]r`1r hZ)G %тS<~X+}ߘ'<.yt{I)McH]yߋzk tp)'e.y[8Ays's]o KY9c54Un[-s$y04=蟴)>u)w;Ilr={>4>bmO}3&wf&\=_G,Ug㒮V˒qLwG雲om>9xG/~kpY"7b_ E;\աNt| n;_/䍾Q((_}t||zp[쵙ٕQVU* 㛿?>7e']o. GQ4^aHػcmorǻ3w 'Or}gmӏϧ|fG;3n=m?hݮʱ@Yx|~ac k(+ݿ#>k}2>%քs}PvpuR|2!W5]^ Ԛy? O<%~"?I7r?i z X(c,Bd٫:AܳxN>(9NjdidXКfJ#rR^+2^/Q#,3no5rdov{,z}ׇc+ZY^2тXQIdle>A>BqnMCm<2E._nU&~{w_M<gh5~pgG~*&}.X-dn8L52$1[N@huiZʐ9qu"8%p} L.ֿx.45-_?)O[oQ<*|*Cd\FlZbrA?!͙ϸ=l`wlp'l\!Y\ԋDX)sJP~[+t}0ncN Am붨C c.s.ٌq}.q<@5>lKÎKˎO雲#ßݡ2" }AC<3.Zxpy9` 7+aw)aS4C4޿ύ/eDeheƍ <¿y$5#k)HN%gs 6PshzG`;X%ԪD1w/Ӟ!Iϟ5. VO=0t}Z4hyjZO Zh)C@YpO9`xG?-Jh:@|m~Lrst,RFL}>9x=tQM9Tz)fV8IeY>!8_`97JE!;/.;cJrYC;%\OE|Yl]5C2o}b3wHz7/㝛<}Y"_#t>z=:h12VcO#+b?"#'a'eGD֓qn6یCEx 6i#n;/Հ(5 o}A8d0Y)|v]6HQoUy|!u/8d^LuphݖٮעLvȜ3—in \džx}tlM $lx%{ix# x:Xz<ߡ# :8.)x;;^3B ĸc>nno8Ny#|d ?@U# C@<ݬDoɸqp_*[v(6s4=< <tpθ Th}+ ~Ď_؇!bw=k_:h?4Zy3#O_ Bpn} )g|K=}G $&e 1;kB./ #~X@*+,ɺoQBVo?y(YWO~သ~*ޘ-|SNv-d*maXw9W4bF_}qxIùCFdC _̰pL`nպw(KldprKkCFOxЅ/O(0ޙrFpe)iD|#" xW5?Yiz5D@uFCLnRh튻c]8c>Tށ7lv?,ToLU6 O_]{6iæl0dcd:,N?ە)/'SL'v/l_>ZjbϠJv—s-o6c7Nt4qYE*DrjSRll/Po|Z$>x~)}q69~*OYQ Eވoѥ ݄dQy|8?=,zˎK3[[15㨟6עUPd\khY<wjZݞmbh#8ً髢E6-{XNʾmv({|uUܸ{vS>^>W1%3ݯe]>}zE񯦇FczX8+N?)N糧}^~`/_n e m7|6gskBZUYDoJ J(Aۚ-a3-J |fM.67sf-jz**AU / exDvgi>'$A_&)*{ Jn_ZW_c?]*48ë2{n$2zk߇)'@־׌)Gs|S[\ߨĚz7aEq3Egn w嗲 ٶiXj7T[uɟ侕-X4KG^+G@Uvx%YX>cTҤ~TT[ӧv*U^=#RIm?!?/sѺP57|4v2eQkhv>ݣ?*ݵ ? [vGގw@~ѻ/^wlw=B4 ;9Acj^$Fư˞tOGޖ=O>}wJOGE<|Z~K|OG|lۻ [Dk>iZMAʼ?Θ_'+Z+{&{]+{i{E{3@><趶V%icא)1<?Xekrcr=-YJ[#~QGڇ)]9]1ɝe+[7\rE}⋮gE*ۃ5!j+[<Ǒ"vjw7m׺I*;'S׫g˳1ƑzG_ $%pAq=i8A#)}ZHa#yp̢$mf^\܏Hj4^5<ž+8A<,<'_~ὰ~;k]?Gg7o־g *[o@ޱa, *X/&?g9|kzhkBk Y/1}R*ޝռ\bS拲9|teXe9'9C8̟uro>hQnvlryq<_y|~ŒX@nl/2Lzlx sM.c&d{c!o==!to-{l{^LRIWʾ}!{|s:ytB">S%4Ek*z-=險DZct=/Vvts e>G5$A:\wlApCnv5z ߪ8 0ruX\(UDzmo\T~cmz}4/MF#6ݹjz`}d}vaw`hú:Sٛ_=(֓55Scyt+J Ķm׶GaOp1޶vƲx]4^Ur>zG+[s\q7_O-JSUm\_?h?[eأnݘXW|TE\'%[8Zr6ag)3T6R{@{魠qξOc$Õ&)6d>YM۶ e6xf6zlUc_mvQ#*gm΀g'>>SQW/Hg=vヤ)y.h~\V;JoV?&e]/;e1]eվ$*ʍ3 =|Ocm8B{5fPWɹb~~#|6{oX&PɾîH"Ù]h>+]?wۣ~ٯ#o_>7Ta{7Xisk'6w鈘ط#QXw[/#o1^/,Z/ܡyyz:1p\8]eVjGeVPmxژ#<(m_52|fB?.{Z==ihޭ2O1]:)*UCZxRϙH?WoSU;u[z=:_}/=z_3yԏ_2OPߢ_;YS?U;ɯ)u_/֎5EO~3TJc_5U_xWO},H_{{W5 ?2ޫ4A1->9ݹuun毹*? jseH+c%DGǠlm^μd^O@e{N] gn2A.I䓂/ILE^<ϊ%|$~?_|o/׫Wwkbxby`ކ\_Uܾ׸{%|&~_?NqJlS <^=^#nheNvib;U-ͩ}Jc=?/wz okTe/7y=bu]捲ȼCy_]0dWݸ٧D٧u=DNѼq\ptsڜMXgd%x}L!Гqz =q#37AM16ņb*'1C0WػmA|3j&{X"r2z𲼩DOKCˆfΙi>֦ǚLavDW|?b|<ۖkG͙ώ;u5(3 5^wk1R rQ[رmϰsFI|]{'d`Hj(6H;SU7QX;_txz\ƾhxL===ρ+ߓT܅y7]v\{1?wEIy{Gޱx/0A|HmڱZE=l-i] o{y6c4.;9قy$\<ޮ}Z흼4^ݴ:۳rʙ 1 d-rJU2b볗.s{4uvJKscw=旲OQY}-1 ?Hňnd][1yۺg@_Vߋ%+>[4''3׫:w`-e xq=-Jey I@ۊ5]O =c^Qî=g'm;K4I8n2]_ oHc{o/ _<*sO.5i7ǔuDm(׍figI1=k6%-wmJe=k*^I:_֑o$ C~ nۇ\:iDg{3zhȗ_m!~//{6*[cv_/}޼۔_{TekeS>a gì6!ʯUbǨk\y_o[} }m7!5>KD&k]k7{^ r-tkK3_[ +[k;"_{Z.۳/~F<)e8'_En_ن}Qsu6}Y>t>ºlŘuʝ* }q;jNm?u~w> _\v5 G;6[M ^/$kz#6|Zl}nxX/Y0ˉ9Wm9$E ƾzLr=g'k KO Rf=#DKN-MV/uΰZ'01[UgaQxF Dp;ò_/3w&r?f>uwκY Cى=:< @CBHn>{w|@hKˉiw$vn]+74 _9%nazK.+Q;_Q5Q3:Z~h';Zٴj"w<}9v_dtBmqD7oر4v'Sh↑B;@ǎ?ql-JĎ4v|[;`Y 7l<#y[um9Z韬_E>qJ{FUvbcW' nO,P~5xbRֵ l쎲 ǞlVkUyIκD[1f 6e eA^oYFi}6+ ڂWںviGG+u%M}bڀ#XOm>N(=É=CV&>t;Oڹ@ +>ѩ >,QcvA|A$wM[/kUH?<Èm<&FX:Si9\DK9rkzbp59ԔC]}Mmn \WlnOejt%NrQ3oA9㜸o~e53,OwkKi #owm:=tuUzj=u濑6>0g:?5jl gWCw>p MR_mO蟸}i><<4 .x;@1<91fB^BsuEGޜh_muObN?rh׭ׁS+z\ y}|Xdd^p5oP*e;Zމ_L':A߇ .gZ -G(|5TdS*jU89BUp/l`E_l6bg:5ETѡBj-b _7ǷLFxGwWoű|zkBiN g9 /1fϳ;Xɾ3si|/`é+ŚY\ Jbp90ЛVuuv/csY P?l9ؚ55fk9Luя瞄_y~n =\A ^{S">[Kk}A ۙg' y,֗zlKUh[|c1Ɠ}'2|f1R Ql4gՒ3ueoiu:-j)]KN9NM᜔ PwF9)O+5Uވ]3bS˩ Na`%;s^Zy6.cuyz#v휝4+}N_@T`QnWip>kJ>W]I 9ً+~;[m{ј_Y|]N7bt:$?{uw<ΐ\|ݿ7=&>'m>wICGYl[lTq|=;s}?~8ٟ珙÷O?/ٞ,gmew2z߲9vJ{wp;٧ Se?):t @ЁA:vJ :t @ЁAvWMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:31  j  7Z b (16'2'/p 1!&l{PqxeWU3mVBSdX0PZp* P`Q`CC"%D1ƘT~M$NgG;NgS}w}E}t{g}^9gVzaxE?~ey0̮ðg᷆uvN%l7>a˟oT<gO9 Û2*+U];nʏ*C+姺Zty{{+_jJ?]3gH+yVU[@Y%9ڊ﫴.sg*ypἌy٘ E4|s9`Y7G[_3 ~?xyh%/so}oE?>rcr϶=:_/;_|S{M;>4+?O=+ą7j2=~rW#vz^W[y^5|wT ֡4=qwd/8v^󰛆sJ?.jY 6f[>_)+W1=^췝{߯6"|%ʏq˻/l_h?ϧUWEFl oZëb}*l˛_^^ɟ/_/|_=?춷xXV+OW~n~)u~>si:SE[vYpd86l W *[íW?N wV%sJ'*VI*;v=R#wэ֒w-GSq]xHGO;ۤ"77|B;,}d%mʩԜm1Ϙ鸣#c~u)>=-6}o>W|p0;>pp^kmʫEE[77-ktV-x9")(ڷLjQ85bߖ˸]N_xqg&'rM?X*n`9J噡WmwWu)|hTgK?xh\6k[U>ZH[Z SQT Nֿ'^ɈvmY`/VfS6d[x:{eă2'O|(R:#;_D{^vN?>L?dmʧph 7]l_Nm\LZd'ps(99[9~Tl]Z3m>v{VhRx'mg?'{-X%32X⑦g8.ec੎G[rUŧ-c '~pY]8LEmmR3cwNh"q.q5Cnag81L?V'WrZX<[rhxdžʗiȐA&.);ғ17yRyW3U},Xpph#qnfpPjgr9P EvOoҍcCyyپb~{k#WyUS늶nj gs=tg5;vkHsvky߷SXQ]NŽRo#ۉݽeG';dh˧|hlM>XžXЭ/--|dRǛ1ɓ'KNҖ{0T^%?Um߬6N.Gаai|\|VNVvvֱqsJ%;֡[Ku"N7}=oluʫA#آ2 [߱㍢vm{ۿұ\B7N;6bh84'ȳJ5vJԵdc=7(O%-Ogd56a.x=dДl|;\+_=8*'?x/%>Щ(SėG_?v|6J~pYp hߺ5j[~`=Wlh2_ǚ^R}WG;]7oVpUۍz?FΠQ{Sl[֝Y527vk9j,yf!c#4>O<ʽ-_s1'yCx"9a 㿚`?QwmϹ{@wϹepjdCdq3N5\K3[S I7h ՃgOؕЕ9GymK/>y#Kǂo3+`?_ U_.uoVBwGNVmA}Вuʞb/{S <|]2k;=%}٣g3}CO,fCs=qoKYo<~l\TS^a;iq '9o,jirN1m;g5V6g)k<,d;`7޾ʳJ'?>eyxVYfte |f69Y<8頋~tUDU{kf=mEѩ16oJ`'/pB, ewq(e?F|gma M#Qe\?w ?U{gulz{jW C܎h7 s ^ᶩIMwq6˯xG[6jUlj F{Aywi억\0Y5O9lߟFz.,zpBӎ&:"x278N2+, sss}E:W[սwYߥ9mf1w8ۙ^ڷ3SMvo<*Bm٢{n̞9VKʌ`KG)yߘ<E;fO1[+z^R?Qm;;sw ޷kPE&%e~C}y &ފeoЖpAp NZl{32Wxo]_Ğd?J~җv<9iCS3yWċ8h/(ځJO-E=2fC};8:vSuW ;v'eׇ~}Ty'|re|xtz#'>;}eݡƇƇWWv׸w[K\u2c}U;D.g|y6vN=Wlk dzG%k?DT>It'Vя|pZ| :=5ŸyTۻFh v3آ|{5&̾}m6[699:>=4K7S ެ1YS| >R4q]wYioCo#,݃!*|r{Ff{{J{l:=8H|/tG7Dg'c¯gJg~m03rG|vx[VėYVm"6戓lhI3_t=2''[q3%>z<[=ўl9u2K/Lc=V6-ͳ?hyv:Rm_([Y-\!/}CwW՞،_~ЂU9) iR_h}ʑ9X/a rVWӿƑߙ4K +ٵ˙ۛn'E39:{iβ|>zGlqTyyx͘咾z+}?n'2OMB̕`k,f[(2tL= o'1:4yk1'E8q}cl\QvVsUnf~jhwk-^?Ğcp1$՞z{i\eWIn|OӘCYwd3y?EY~؍ H'ތ/Ăb7W×vmE,Gic/FR[ǝ*4nv>ǻqkR;Z;717zP6Tm{YmtnE቞HϬᕇWYʘR>kS[@p7}NjL i0wۺw9 w>.}s{o=/&{؎y^}pD6J+ZSC']6+zW]hhN}.Jq/}/ϖ|p^׃rփ9:j՚mgi?<_x"+Uؐ쉦xb&[#_>Gʅ7࡯Ȣ}5rxQ&7ɳ䙵yr:=w?;3W] U+Q==~I`jvr_[+֏}7;?ɴ@ix#`x9g+6bdnjg[dHtڥx2_׆蔣z]ڔPƗ7>1!yx\t*Of~~]W2*?Vf_/Q=v+.͝k]bsC Pd?h VvsD0!N39H}y wl79g>mVajwt/Nr~z=sy,ylÏ'Ϧ=8jW8N\/<-}h̓/ߍ5k+橾7(N[9w_1c)1+-ـ-ǖٓlYn.)'6gp}Ǿ<{c-ڵŻn7^-RwvNQξȑq~ςm;/:go.:ړßOƖNeL|.2D/zW;yKvV)rY;GԵ_PS^ E ~Ͳie]x{Sd8DqD>]}}N=$2DjK"-a<Y!?w쩴,"N?RjHy8a58zbӡsc Z,tW׼BF5RV;s.Jgi{x7ݫm,>'$& B#VL.3+Q*+*@v \?*ZG& v\DEr+"KIo@BcL̓qrʓP?٩#,Ya A91V.u8.̑+o0W W;q9r n"NUĴJ%UP64 pzN)ʗ4bp-A/Ы˚ O4pX{3vݰjԚ'7o!cXh<_!^ߗU,_DH1zOQ Aq&vz0<:['g`B۾&(7u)`Z%REL c8'{ȵǾ3g@[;`|#)#F,:-m6_sq:5frMԐk5s܏jć nTazN1kΝi3o sd}`?H$`4p9a(cwQF{QL`nk!X:A z6sʰv',c>wF/݉fCݜ~`l-];sM3NEx.nJt 99f>I^T>7}oװzj4_AF3 ~9 8#3y7Jً" 5zw7P^g=ѣ=]зvk.[w`u1h}6:%b &_;^φV'(X6ga<{:^JKNmY/]v ;DL+ rk39Kg|?(1r37B+WwH={Xξ\4Vfgs~|D~J+w78uıOЗ.:f)$tI}M(ٞ~7>sr>uSw2MU? ƫ_ yױ~9d~W_Atߘsskt~n}#{AV^Z\~Ǝ#h-~ܝ3HFS My5HF˯߯Vw"O9֫q^+1n\n;c0 FQ(`0 F(/!1 FQ(`0 FY\9mMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:31  ,I( 1 I$I(16k2l/u2I14e{Ȫx՝WuB0g"&DOat*QI%$Ic&:)YqfL&mT3+fFL4$!#Mςxsw{?Lw{}{}]JWB^iɘ4N>n u|%x.("%_ꪥ~yyڭWYy5U5ު4Y?SS3+ՕtթËT(8A4Q=ozsѰļ My1K-a LMk IcR~l3:=.]o3tM_M?iM& 䏫L>k†???1u uk)?wl 뻳2|v|B] K.]^n ?%|CvM{"Mvh0fo|'˟(aaީh%y]"o*Ӂ").2;Bŋmᶄp0 pI6;; |xA/Qz^QE+G|;v:V ;t:4en^J=#CxJd pORAўוed b" s)o[p۱yXBIDZEflQcf\~c鷤*_W__ U0a\ ܶ9'mt$dMVC -?KZ9qgǞK}yw}l7}BN9 mxtdX8gXpÄP9gp;'esk5`GvO WΞLXpS%*&M N榗S?9vK"oT;_Fٳ/_ oYX衝[f֐u~?\*Jy|mbS=ww}nl{)eԕ_Fߔ<.lV.Y}/ 5.)sy\ETG2~g+5.H9]M;Gi3.ܾ+%"e#׆=wL/tc?Ktk5sf>h\sGkk\48Iew9ѿe鼝vaK7.)|+ՕbctE«}c xɘt"'bڼWmbhtlWN"kWÎ_[DCr*6̕s^/*WvrM~Q/}Z~Z:ާ1TV.//>y+/|P.Fȍ[-2N[4eЮ[?$kR/*7MuQw }ʗn De'SFΝY躆л%{swgqy\~Dˉ|/{EOQj+ޓƒw'?%<>?y2h[ww|O[#t]k)[?tW|fzA=Q??l#yz?no*V3oe5,fXvQ}E\yE9f`oLK)6b1&ڤqѸ6m{=[cU,'7UA*Ty- y_5Y)w-4eREfoϪIX/诸^nP}r/Y[GU>-Ty-v O֘xv[ *s s<0}nx@]I%\qqx8.,xiY:o'݅JV@Rܧ9Ga:t?tRճ‘Ӏg;oXVi,Byj[N)MZ6=ke~F|˭7'vCt׋l9ix]Xi(`zRsIZ%ϔ׫<5`6+i MKi. ߰t|kacygUg?wt;m7Ç/^sszN5r^{l qx /:,^@ZZ$[p}MRgg ʐvN;qpyTRpB ?c.3\<~>FcE6ٔt!={ Uƿ#|#|\_Sn>k%ǭU~6{?6qIǝ<PcO /=|)]+7w}:V):NC:/u&98`;JvGj+gpQF_pT\iwƇ^0ĩfOvw)3ꔧ+Sxr`%>:eӁ7=_Ub8sUW2 [+"qrNXbU,NP؅dDJZrښ0mb۴xֆߦ=/3)z=!_}V['wp]A홦pAh*ާUWTUcW4?g!yCbޖe#ÐXt -8Fx/<ۂi=+1{L䴁m ,9<vĕ~w<[aԲ&/5-4fsW+͔74Ljc"whW@M8J7z^&x/l?HϻwwNǵ _"(6B[4i`D g7d Ry7!Tf YHAtOu D;ƀθT_ڮhLtK-c5;}BMl?j-:*j=bj[ia) RU<O[`Kn~aL({MG['pַy8; i#\`/ԹVJ\=1 cW}};!H+]yi"T)9AGGݲe}:xق'Nge$x}Чqi{^f(AO{~{zG}EsLJj<ٓ}jC` @˭aki@ e9r?dyu׌!rkVDZXsl mx̭L~ߞIhXo)w7ю'>q>szuݼ丙v7G[fUnWMjy6X,FU›5&;=vviP3$Y61j=vrkoVS 9պZn~Dߨ/+2yz {ßu鶽o0[e2G^~zCCީ\nPb^M >nX3x)t\V1Ǖc.߂yk#C@jݼE;8(+]7czvtm?d Rq\Cpc8vEXȷNY1řff>>By[W8D,ʟW\OcxHp'~2GJħɾPm: ~9M>'Fٵ!vmˉw~]ޔzȍT|#iiK|Sf߄IQ:J]y:}?4%wjq#*` re}ay2a-nP:GDgk19hUz6k=Z 6=Owe1X1\P2patyv%=N}p_X<7>XkzyN[ď,+ >>EOS=Z&qG}N*>iof)Zm^gfI#ias784v= ;v26E[tg࡝6q6u=>!w;zة迓YsS6VjpBCxHڜp@mFL[3MmW*7g"xgƧLFy_"'~:lMA7^hX6Srq)tcƘ>0-FMU^@m~we?-}`gq-ƆL?| vBo.VJ/FgxSʩZ/;gӌ 97z񙴣s:6<Έ|'M8:|ǶiCn{0/*ݳNzh۫otgyvV퇄tC{ ƧLE[m±f|^8FE;>a3c̉bNNL4jBYmW}Wm|4p7e<×4I) rtMl(yw=vi=<>|_0jZ׊BwgLe:9{`>W']2Za9>CG@ԡ.Ccd<0팙~=.x`'1:FĘ.oH|Cp/ y~[$AL7ɛbƜc&xrzlD E, fQ& gAdJ]%> yc^y,QF(7u˺?.oj>O1%鞨;LǡQ!\y/hFIq p$܇bo3d\Abz婽[+ V~V,͝'NWU7eHDo$D/'4?͗4CnOdyAFֆXmy.[ݙxW6_Ͽgq?a.΋ 'LKdA]a$1:OCg;=}U$Ӿoeq(</z3Whx>'GUʇ72.2^sG.W)*< \-[e֞ 7j!gb s#<۰gEYw@G_Șa;bVD^kU_8T|+'[yȯUəzWr2rGh)_æ,#d]`e}Ud4>GRkl> cg(G`y/P2޶znGhk~(~p0;:}}'F&OޔI <1>/C:2 =0ӷ#A$?M9!`Cg꦳hCmg`LS}Ƅ-և޶^6E9BC,=_6P5e-QP =$OyaOEy?cV_Qm3alvɺ}Te!ܚ;d`;Uc]'\Y1z9#U}[_C4|h3N*G~1HY'E}px ;V~sUK{:ε{ȟd]3+U{`d.HyQu{vQ+k p@] YdܮV=Ju5#4c`C=/㚿IXWKk_`Y~pƂ (˜1&Ye˄[TW2o1{G 38iƫ]}$u֍cddXUP7:|ntqd.x\vt1_}OU:_5j]QuS?p_u/G~?ƈ Ȅ[F+rlW~nm2=2k=\Ֆ5jk,婤chB;.uyR~R78\ƽLJ6jȞ\\pB3I=Pvxn,"hw(bVODۍ#VrҴ<82c >/ݞ Qc,/=t)^L̸d|P>llw߀.9bsX<\q}zȯb|ӯ5뻲W.ѳ9.ؑAٚ"R'Oe޳#/)pQG^|Yy /pFU&^'ޡ=-w&9:*Po@p:3Y$ǑFpj]EXH*q2q u^?igY}a5yʓ: ~QcNJBzmB>76 g}YE}p*]\m/ _+-X:MV\]gkLeL7pue26̼7/i\Z79ݵA?W@BA=^pK |_D[e6YZh}nT~$!K{5e/oȂyS·krlS&G$,rۀd6֡a4$Kqt{¼_t?ׄPֈuuWeg-c'&` dzPɜ W/w|}-w?r&T\[k-|{ѴۙRG{7h :Ope8y?8/z-#Zfp5:ΡWGxw[l>y[:2\i*Otδ޹+q~n쎹_Z?poV6ZzdY@Ξz~z- CIf7M.r 9Nȃ},.eK[7Gʤ"3+ўKz>i>')/:H_/tA8t`]87^}ٛ)8cq3$Qg.#?ogߤ\ߥ¼1/Mr^ U>>5=@nA?*yu]دe|Qtik^26Fޡ^?}+uR8pt_АlCCOۘ}uJ!:;)1*͂6Rw+Ku@+_Ůa|#}rNB{(;VFR;biqoh;5~|R{mToo=Wr>YܺO>R —c_}ҿҞ̃6A1im;U(<=_-vzD0Wc6 7_ 65[ԎXB#NS~êK0_ij_ K<*] ďz^k;nUBOG0Jgý#{4vF`-wMㇻrp^A%L;2i`d3Vr+/\:?T@w8'}'vQ6ME X'-;lrCk@C6)ǗKrQ-d`W X)lWdC?Kvy&Ο8{evjdY?=*<{kW_ӎΉ1GAμ>K}0J^3*nDf9M?v4I>)?f],,8 Ðèñ. 2. Áàçîâàÿ êëàññèôèêàöèÿ ñâÿçåé L I M V E C D îíè ÿâëÿþòñÿ â ñòðóêòóðå ñèñòåìû. Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ ôîðìàëüíîé ëîãèêè ìîæíî íàïèñàòü ðîäî-âèäîâîå îïðåäåëåíèå: “ Ôóíêöèÿ åñòü ñâîéñòâî (ñïîñîáíîñòü) ÿâëÿòüñÿ ïðîòî÷íûì óçëîì â ñòðóêòóðå íàäñèñòåìû ” . Ýòî çíà÷èò, ÷òî ïðè äàííîì ïîäõîäå ôóíêöèÿ õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ ýëåìåíòàìè âõîäíûõ è âû- õîäíûõ ñâÿçåé, ïî êîòîðûì ïðîòåêàþò îáìåííûå ïîòîêè äàííîãî ôóíêöèîíàëüíî- ãî îáúåêòà ñ äðóãèìè îáúåêòàìè, ò.å., êàê è äîëæíî áûëî áûòü, îáëàñòüþ îïðåäåëåíèÿ è îáëàñòüþ çíà÷åíèÿ ôóíêöèè. Ïðè ýòîì, â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ñèñòåìî- ëîãè÷åñêèì ïîäõîäîì, ïîòîêîâûå (ñâÿçíûå) õàðàêòåðèñòèêè óçëà â ñòðóêòóðå íàäñèñòåìû ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ êàê âíåøíÿÿ äåòåðìèíàíòà (Dex) ñèñòåìû, ò.å. ïðè÷èíà ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ îïðåäåëåííîé âíóòðåííåé äåòåðìèíàíòû èëè òåêóùåãî ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ ñèñòåìû (Din = ). Ïðè ýòîì (íà ðèñ. 1) èñïîëüçîâàíû ñëåäóþùèå óñëîâíûå îáîçíà÷åíèÿ: L L – îáúåêò (ñèñòåìà), ïðåîáðàçóþùèé ýëåìåíòû âõîäíîé ñâÿçè “ L ” ( ÌÀËÎÅ ) â ýëåìåíòû âûõîäíîé ñâÿçè “ L ” (ÁÎËÜØÎÅ); L(L) – ôóíêöèÿ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ (îòîáðàæåíèÿ) ìíîæåñòâà ýëåìåíòîâ (L) (â ñêîáêàõ, ïðàâîå) â ìíîæåñòâî ýëåìåíòîâ L (áåç ñêîáîê, ëåâîå), ò.å. L = F(L); (L)L – óçåë, èìåþùèé â ñòðóêòóðå íàäñèñòåìû íà âõîäå ïîòîê ýëåìåíòîâ “ L ” (ëåâîå, â ñêîáêàõ) è íà âûõîäå ïîòîê ýëåìåíòîâ “ L ” (ïðàâîå, áåç ñêîáîê).  äàííîì ñëó÷àå L (â âèäå áîëüøîé èëè ìàëîé áóêâû) îáîçíà÷àåò êëàññ ýëåìåíòîâ ëþáîé ïðèðîäû íåêîòîðîãî ãëóáèííîãî ÿðóñà ðàññìàòðèâàåìûõ ñèñ- òåì, êîòîðûìè îíè îáìåíèâàþòñÿ ïî ñâîèì ñâÿçÿì. Äëÿ àíàëèçà è ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ êîíêðåòíîé ñèñòåìû â êîíêðåòíîé ïðåäìåòíîé îáëàñòè íåîáõîäèìî èìåòü âîçìîæíîñòü ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ êëàññîâ (è îáúåêòîâ), îáëàäàþùèõ íå àáñòðàêòíîé ñåìàíòèêîé, à ñåìàíòèêîé, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåé äàííîé ïðåäìåòíîé îáëàñòè. Ýòî îáåñïå÷èâàåòñÿ, â äàííîì ñëó÷àå, âîçìîæíîñòüþ ñïåöè- àëèçàöèè êëàññîâ áàçîâîé èåðàðõèè äî áîëåå êîíêðåòíûõ êëàññîâ ïóòåì ðàçäå- ëåíèÿ íà êàæäîì óðîâíå ñâîéñòâ íà áîëåå ãðàíè÷íûå (ðàñïîëàãàþùèåñÿ âñåãäà ñëåâà) è íà ìåíåå ãðàíè÷íûå (ðàñïîëàãàþùèåñÿ âñåãäà ñïðàâà) â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ïðèíöèïèàëüíûì äåëåíèåì êëàññà ñâîéñòâî íà ñâîéñòâî ãðàíè÷íîå (ñâîéñòâî îáúåêòà) è ñâîéñòâî êà÷åñòâåííîå (ñâîéñòâî ñâîéñòâà) [6; 14]. Ïðè ýòîì â êà÷åñòâå âèäîâ ýëåìåíòîâ, îáðàçóþùèõ ïðîèçâîëüíûå ïîòîêè (ñâÿ- çè) L , ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ ýëåìåíòû ìàòå- ðèè è èíôîðìàöèè; â êà÷åñòâå âèäîâ ýëåìåíòîâ ìàòåðèè ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ ýëå- ìåíòû âåùåñòâà è ýíåðãèè; â êà÷åñòâå âèäîâ ýëåìåíòîâ èíôîðìàöèè – ýëåìåí- òû óïðàâëÿþùåé èíôîðìàöèè è äàííûå. Ïðè ýòîì èñïîëüçîâàíû ñëåäóþùèå óñ- ëîâíûå îáîçíà÷åíèÿ: M – ïîòîê ìàòåðè- àëüíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ; I – ïîòîê èíôîðìàöèîííûõ ýëåìåíòîâ; V – ïîòîê ýëåìåíòîâ âåùåñòâà; E – ïîòîê ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèõ ýëåìåíòîâ; C – ïîòîê ýëåìåíòîâ óïðàâëÿþ- ùåé èíôîðìàöèè; D – ïîòîê ýëåìåíòîâ äàííûõ. Íàçâàííûå êëàññû íàõîäÿòñÿ â ñëåäóþùåì ñîîòíîøåíèè: L = {M, I}; M = {V, E}; I = {C, D}, ÷òî ñîîòâåòñòâóåò áàçîâîé êëàññèôèêàöèè ñâÿçåé (ðèñ. 2). Íà ðèñ. 3 äàíû ïðèìåðû ãðàôè÷åñêîãî ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ èçîìîðôíûõ (â ñîîòâåò- ñòâèè ñ çàêîíîìåðíîñòÿìè åñòåñòâåííîé êëàññèôèêàöèè) èåðàðõèé êëàññîâ óç- ëîâ, ôóíêöèé è îáúåêòîâ ñ ó÷åòîì ââåäåííûõ òèïîâ ñâÿçåé: I M – îáúåêò, èìåþùèé âõîäíóþ ñâÿçü “ M ” , îáðàçîâàííóþ ìàòåðèàëüíûìè ýëåìåíòàìè, è âûõîäíóþ ñâÿçü “ I ” , îáðàçîâàííóþ èíôîðìàöèîííûìè ýëåìåíòà- ìè, è ïðåîáðàçóþùèé “ M ” â “ I ” ; åãî ãðàíè÷íûå ñâîéñòâà õàðàêòåðèçóþòñÿ ôóíê- öèåé I(M) ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ ìàòåðèè â èíôîðìàöèþ; êà÷åñòâåííûå ñâîéñòâà – óçëîì (M)I ñî âõîäíûì ïîòîêîì ìàòåðèàëüíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ è âûõîäíûì ïîòîêîì èíôîðìàöèîííûõ ýëåìåíòîâ; C D – îáúåêò, èìåþùèé âõîäíóþ ñâÿçü “ D ” , îáðàçîâàííóþ ýëåìåíòàìè äàííûõ, è âûõîäíóþ ñâÿçü “ C ” , îáðàçîâàííóþ ýëåìåíòàìè óïðàâëÿþùåé èíôîðìàöèè, è 40xklTUnBJlmRlC"QZM HlPlY[^7v1~1KϜ3g̜sH^H=!(]iRo@.e$LWZt֩zkJFdB'˔PjJ]Brm_ʧ/P߄OB '4<2P!`Uhx X /Y|Z|L di}nO{1)jN?7үq-^f1:/æ!  82V|!E2/+l-M9> J(gF| =oɿo?u1`" )aT4ƾɲH&KGdOʥ\_N~]h1>V|y(djoetٰ5a]gؘzxEcxdlʐfўxD2eF%2@`s,hZ(7~X=cӻM8>3j;'tx~'x9X vD_ A'z El%(o!.pTW,A~+,L%@2ϼl{\G>Yyt\呛/eMӎrE7Y2ڄ!̽je'7=# RV}5lP<^ zeM:ƿ8Nx;rXk-?w9;ܗj\ϼ9Y~ލ^JX6/G|yF/_WEƼ#Ƚ zIJn䁘|!Oһp[m4OvƯc~zn6y!"nZ#W7s'똿 >38OaY?7}_ wQeើ9k,R@x.p*wV&kd5xywp?kGV 9lW >Wxu| =\s~%I V Vi챞ؖ_(xs2k=h#B|4 ?γ maw#6}26&Q[ϟ6D+g}kobm>`z7s+~z/'&bֱDz:š`d;~{QOw9۹~;.ď@">}XJph."z>h:_#k.޶í,}\Ub6wOnx\ZKakE`!8Lo{QDIt=|3=@FxO}H3Miˎ8b-fo4?Osӓxܲ^Z=ݰ3vJ1R5<L`;L8󅚸C=bܳ9/ 7"kL=< Ⱘ;ѐ.|o;v^gY>[\|]9Լ7p6f><}g{'pmC1㛱Dl^9M F?_6%33\5{}r|.n{$sV&s\1$:?N 8p*TSN 8p*`y 8p*TSN 8p*WMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:32  m /(162ܾ/1p{Dx ]U}$'LxL d ":yA 4FJ/%kkh~jQQZmE\EB!$AHL0{ά뜙 wZ{Ϟ$InRjoJ>0"In17I*W'Iu٧%IS2s[hxv-}5IrI -*NUz_{p0жNWUg3}g٘Ä}z#7oG~rӆ @nΖpK'NN{" =G}^D2ߌoLOOLnLn܆ ۘd•ϰfyϵ{JJΑҦ䅣 GKMRΎ4-R'-[hO>%'KIÓjҪ;L=ky˝Р{ҭJIRUjI-kKMI|%oyTtHK.\~hqrE\\t&KR=]&7V h ~_NDڅOZ de>yFyW*ْ>ٞN$j"NeNAPj_=kk&U6hf֢jg0~ xZW m1j5YSUZ<+U/\zAyYP}5٤ůMfTZլTiuK[ZV ^pjOaNr88/)?BYqOuoCy¥ ۬VWĿ*c=mbuƓX/B=0_oxM:vpu1>Y)@;v^ؔcnPlU]wݽԳ=^& H!8|=GGv܉GE|)oW91/}z}Qu1^ęDD4%lYyj LnQOzc>QX ޘu!Mu)= z瓝ho[jkU91#p,k=mVowO5ymJ-{Ţ)^n֥Rn=:26B_!G=}Iǜzc8?61K$v8ԃ8c>ccd~#1ͻf!瘬W e,R\.RmYD=ǾKV.EKo2-XcgڂEES?1[?z_wʤrWps5Ȃ6ԲC;J 6 u0A"7g^pO֌yJ#rhщY%:qTߘNt oWU n؁)X;uٺl"ezLm=}%o>M>0[m~>wڜv- }{8 ObX! ~823y=ؔt*WUaNS]LRmuu`cv!S(u"1stgmaُ ssϰRŚN?L&h~sRȿpM Cxmn~{dAqO y\'^.z>,~Tb 9_54IW?:`c^̿snT^ٽCV91yخ|ϼ|OwkG~W21#Cs5cIΊԏen*:9[Xs67uϋ/Glz2m%hwzu>YF}K#SQ$j[ȩ?2Gvׁ>Ϙ}o3mf]w6e>J᫆nbH%󜒝jcNC_L89,w`~p#mh\؋r) rlM7lylp_ςO4K?r;ke2都hb8Ƿt-񨧎>X%d-hOS*d՝dv IrtR2E6ٚKDYBޕmW 1U{IYᔜ] q 's3:6ՋUx\+> ϣ_^CƘA@<f86ƲΙn%wAtX]jBGwnp֓;d_OdEMV^Gv٪vK%HvHH , riޘW|CX>xKBuqc :aǸCޣ sde&Շ?F{p2!-Q({-]x,yz҆w't)mֿkuȺҞ{w{I'Ȃ/u:0࠿mp=cvNm6ʦ2cN!z@G\*уn|SjyQF@ lH ORx;>$[5b\з_7CbdDyf^{h3]<,&XCb\S&=}CGH֤w?#)tw#"n$8CڜziW/ZN`Ѝ5n yz>ōJ[37&O?11k߶,uK=qn|qO޻plXpϽag<2$$=8AugoԖf|`vlo9ʽX'z JȢαeW~j#f켋1~!{ijnyuȀ/ʖ)_o16ݢmL>$ēQUIIn=?h u٣Kt`A/tIB]|*I>?ybyd3/B:?!2rF=#@8_M &/%Q&Y&E SՄsO4aw:VcDǦ/$͚`[= D(#6L p%:˜;o~\G]E0褏`w{|CmUѪ xSZ'7 760mU7K}(W]O~g<·qڴQ>=BaG»ۖYn[!bpZzǽp$ߓs qPoM;9|>vHOY_V56_ug 6&ksyU|k]|2[fg ى#ROBGyL&,1#O|U OZ^`&xb[!lԑ=lga7 eq_}9Cǵ0"d}0= z냟.%I5z Ҋl_H2m#1)2CsXNIga2,Za]>'?WZFsd#3q//l0{Lx2mA+csB~1D?R_?lnw $oJ<%" ?xE0ԆcX;zf'P=u$B#oCF 9le̳PF{7\vRܿGЇq cvpP7 l3xYgߴ25]!{cIԆۧ#$S+9w;eoJ1ȓxևs#],?uC_܏vx~!v_Ct}c1wRZW,xLmh|8zGDNlg@#?ݘV%l/y|O?깧yڐXܻ,l۶G}G/['GA=tX'Nɒx #Yvf &&k߯ʥkRgqbRdփ_E?2zIYd&ݵ&{:2!e$}ni3ͻ;=\bcY!~IN;P&A㡿q0Wt6-eߢj^ =찲3[+1>7MEee6|5;w}/,or%yJOmԇz`XrLGqzqO=wHЇ}VlKdC՝1wm ތ=7>=vU5A؇Lʯ  [zQw{cy7 [#lHzr>z]:rRx$XNzǣ|gz<>mczD{쭌ndžY[F2䤎u{2f{>"k-zjHo`i[W`=.7_C>>C&l8}ma9?}+592 A'|!C2.{L}VߘNV[}Rai-a'6\/=!i?gyr&Asg;f~%{9jm׊6ml>7ˑGy<&7^POlp+ȼް!9c21Cڹg,p^S>E]6N$w{*zCejUyo?)ӫ/oetpi^//}șIMkxFE!KåŸ%9'>pTOo}nLrۇw:e{'w~vvbq#]#4y9Mm+$oVy1=^voS#/ I?Q~ yʁ$K\|TmC3_r^A7Շ*M^ƺg] ]3We4'IF<ݛf<O2cGѶs~:-9C~[u+tUړ1x&o4:`K*&?N̵bo|r }&f$K&{PNۚC'?vؤvˌs*JmUE22ND+S+t?M3NiϩTSU[TsUֳuwRJV 'ӶrNVzk]yz njʛjγD4ъaQs<Sh;1ߢy39LJ>EzrHX=xTvۙ*3.}&%iecC;9LN?.pL9y={=.Wȓ3t,p'CW/따_XMJ|.-ڸ~z*ʆ?%s=Ym'hVJN?ek{5+~ߜ-Nm n}븩}m;Ghp{m~H|/㤔oص{0~ &}= 3>ys_/vr.>7m5UmWYktce]rrA \4@p@z7urq;k1F)9]_2=Idß<_чU$t>ߞa$*xY* cdx^ @n¥^-izcQ7Gl9WǪ|Ưb͆04X^k];NeS+#M2*Ւ~CI׷jd=(r-g}ۨmS/kۊe۷h1_6w}J]^fyqCи%D5wж7m``cwȺA6~L_ii~-Sc߹Pf Co:g)cQ7GIv݀sUÞ{3t[+}&Ӟ>:!{.&@g,)ȝcnnN򈞽~ =$h lIeג_D'*SFfh2=Puz7/|*vݼDL jIH}ogeRUm띗W ńI{&? {Rx^v؛Iez5kJ| pNMuԤ9ӅjWLW-P7}PyWUڝUYx}ʋ<4tS8,!4Aʋ<4\#f<b_SH/xYE[rӢ{.Uuش<֡ͱ] uT60Xv5Zp.虨C]CƜ=ok6NtvRt] z%t]S5.B~5K!bX ]kDW57tPU_ z(tQ g;liņ컳rLtɕ5goʋf8v'r^ENMQڰ󌃙4/C3Wx?Ux>?LzE߲K4(&&qb?ٗ5mO{LBq45pi19k؍l4\n>t|Gq G/t{5q}[X+bq^+Bd'S^) ]YxU/_.p#=ա(G5ZGjJ/GFhY^-bF>ߒWzbs3&[s:JyQ ׈g"[$ڡ=\?Dm2mz|=,ۆ2o*?J Ś*Ǿ N b>;'>va_>q1,f'\hkgc؍+c{]NW*K5^O$E ׈e&]1~AX ]kDWUv#Y 3|4 <{ڳ@Vn7s+7,*_\^76HVt_K7S`UHQ7GW,uq~kDTuR= FX6m?f8Zn Lw~1 '//5 }Uyn"n s 3 \f]C׽~;=) |5b}ٓVI~-Ł,771N:q*['h:1Vq"tUڞ7NU)\'7Yf I8_וv`ig Ak %cosO9m G]̧NTd*|nusk{.S] ]'GFw^'ï9pud8$^9.Oxgaj)-Ȗy 4~_ 49IDh8M)J{'=hPWhOayZY3y@ =u m}\3&??Ԛq[RٚC9=q=5mjl5xZ+H __H?6\#3St졞#bǢ+EmFt]~(5Ut[)}mT^׆덿1Hzh4? '7P>0:a|̯gx`X}^@UWh_Q_'? qX?>"ؘ='9aU^kdDkL>x𽁢0\#]/JeFt X c̜[z?^kD{3C_liX龸a\\""/P/gBR\*|տ|Y1Vŗ 3 cRYPϿ蓥Q·5/Q^/kDLtr.U'1~AZR/5z_/%2:C̹L1rbN=+5xNuh// 4ɢҩ_  T3ҸħSM8,[?^(8CG_ⓣ_i=lP^kd'b ?Q7tï&R^5ch<@4z?E{<&cD{De(lj!W:y%s;+;'g+W_1\#fPo²cDo̖?Kyі ȖyϬ{]ono1[hƖhˆSs[} a6jʧaī% qW=_1myʋ6kF_KYf/U^Y5kFmu=k" ׈kOmDoiAy7ñ@YѼ\T^紆Ss0xog1߀.w5:g*a7Lo )z w)}5Ste=oB~AR_kD@׈Ƙo*} VlqhKE3?*c éo9;?S J};0JE{0\#{qѮTkD׌~+DW_D:K/5k ii;Oy7cb=?Ɗf)@pNjW4(~-x̯%.W킍B)v7vbFvyCd+=+/5k8A.h~q+/_+/po":W.i_1yx3µ֞V_/+S^+Ss3pUOBk,>Ng4x%.Q 6fC$'E{0\#{?&(/5<ɽ?$W[ίJeFt d/oTXSS?~@!E`NQ3?B_NjɫtN=W\&|[~3u_y_1\#;)'.yQt|у_YW ׈Y?~exKeFt _E_1\#+.hK+˔@y>ָ8}? qx}K>ۄZY)My=Wtvуx? ׈%k zW" ׈$c\Ƣ0Dm1XqE=?~#0w%?X$, =eoKLB=I,/q;O9j_{gZ6WhϊߚwjdKr-/^^zͯ4_/_'Ϸ5Wȴ~:8}{ |O]<2n6#pr㧏u }A)JgX؇ެg,o}+obUa|kx\z}5~XX2lm.%cb=n?׋gh3>~+X_j_tub}bbotCmaqJS9RU@e ]qV;[irOSNP=φYߦ*Je:霪˾ZCgXgGK/ֽ.lG o93u1`G+}/pCԯL$4_=檝8eTړ1o׾b"RU/B'lD\_e}vfS.r{sx]yc#|-׵ GLޤ1ѵK6\#]V}R=]Ea/B^N-=./0[+eWIyz5R}ÔJ'ɭ%T_ցߪCmc/wY`j>2kˢVf]s=4 \둅ʜLl2{/P $! .<׈eYHO۪FfiιJ}O1nIv 9S^ ]ESsds8+8nwXK^L?ۑ~8Jɧ#Y&s֎IVtCg8}1\! 崕m !7<_w?Ӟ<|ھ"I^mQ$sۑY0nmOrF.er.]92O3o*OR&oUZRdKj_RT#yQneNdڗ狫ӶrVڐlT/z\ñ%Y%,b?eR)9OeG;e}܎ߠ08,>;͘spS6>rh>48gyJKL{3tJ :A;># L#vP~$4w޼%7mLk;t-.< `+q ,,9 ïðåîáðàçóþùèé “ D ” â “ C ” ; åãî ãðàíè÷íûå ñâîéñòâà õàðàêòåðèçóþòñÿ ôóíêöèåé C(D) ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ äàííûõ â óïðàâëÿþùóþ èíôîðìàöèþ; à êà÷åñòâåííûå ñâîéñòâà – óçëîì (D)C ñî âõîäíûì ïîòîêîì ýëåìåíòîâ äàííûõ è âûõîäíûì ïîòîêîì óïðàâëÿþùèõ èíôîðìàöèîííûõ ýëåìåíòîâ. È ò.ä. ïî àíàëîãèè.  äàëüíåéøåì ìîæíî ïðîäîëæèòü ñïåöèàëèçàöèþ êëàññîâ îòíîñèòåëüíî êàæ- äîãî âíîâü ââåäåííîãî ýëåìåíòà (ôóíêöèè è óçëà), ò.å. ó÷åñòü, íàïðèìåð, âèäû âåùåñòâåííûõ ïîòîêîâ (ðàçäåëèâ èõ íà äèñêðåòíûå – O è íåïðåðûâíûå – Z) èëè âèäû ýíåðãèè (âûäåëèâ ìåõàíè÷åñêóþ ýíåðãèþ – P, òåïëîâóþ ýíåðãèþ – Q è ýëåêòðîìàãíèòíóþ – U). Ïðåäñòàâëåííûå êëàññèôèêàöèè ïîçâîëÿþò ïîëó÷èòü àëôàâèò â âèäå çíàêîâ äëÿ ôóíêöèîíàëüíûõ “ ïðîòî÷íûõ ” îáúåêòîâ (ôóíêöèé è óçëîâ), óäîâëåòâîðÿþ- ùèõ âñåì òðåáîâàíèÿì, ïðåäúÿâëÿåìûì ê ôîðìàëüíîé ñèñòåìå ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ ÿâíîãî è ñòðîãîãî îïèñàíèÿ ñðåäñòâàìè ñàìîé ôîðìàëüíîé ñèñòåìû ñâîéñòâ è îòíîøåíèé âñåõ èñïîëüçóåìûõ ñèìâîëîâ, à òàêæå ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ ðàñïîçíàâàíèÿ âñåõ ñèìâîëîâ òîëüêî ïî èõ ôîðìå [15]. Êðîìå òîãî, ïîëó÷àåìûé àëôàâèò îáëàäàåò àëãîðèòìè÷åñêè çàäàâàåìîé ñåìàíòèêîé, òàê êàê ñîñòîèò èç êëàññîâ, èìåþùèõ îäíîçíà÷íûå ôîðìàëüíî-ëîãè÷åñêèå îïðåäåëåíèÿ. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, äàí- íàÿ êëàññèôèêàöèîííàÿ ñõåìà âûïîëíÿåò ðîëü àëãîðèòìà äëÿ çàäàíèÿ ñåìàíòè- êè àëôàâèòà ôîðìàëüíîé ñèñòåìû, ÷òî ïðåâðàùàåò åå â àëãîðèòìè÷åñêè ïîñòðî- åííóþ èëè êîíñòðóêòèâíóþ ñèñòåìó [15], à àëôàâèò – â ôîðìàëüíî-ñåìàíòè÷åñ- êèé. Àëôàâèòíûé íàáîð ñèìâîëîâ, îäíîçíà÷íî èíòåðïðåòèðóåìûõ ïî ñâîèì äåôè- íèöèÿì (ñâîéñòâàì) è ïîëüçîâàòåëåì, è êîìïüþòåðîì, ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ñîâî- êóïíîñòü êîíêðåòíûõ êëàññîâ (ëèñòüåâ) êëàññèôèêàöèîííîé ñõåìû, à òàêæå ñîâîêóïíîñòü ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ ýêçåìïëÿðîâ ýòèõ êëàññîâ, èç êîòîðûõ, ñîáñòâåí- íî, è ñòðîèòñÿ îáúåêòíàÿ ìîäåëü ñèñòåìû ïðè OOÏ. Äëÿ àâòîìàòèçàöèè ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ íîâûõ êîíêðåòíûõ êëàññîâ ìîæåò èñïîëü- çîâàòüñÿ òàáëè÷íûé ñïîñîá. Ïðè ýòîì òàáëèöà ïîçâîëÿåò ñôîðìèðîâàòü íîâûå êëàññû àëôàâèòíûõ îáúåêòîâ (à òàêæå ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ óçëîâ è ôóíêöèé) ïóòåì çàïèñûâàíèÿ íîâûõ âèäîâ âõîäíûõ ñâÿçåé íàïðîòèâ èõ ðîäîâîãî âûõîäíî- ãî êëàññà (ñëåâà è âíèç) è òàêèõ æå âèäîâ âûõîäíûõ ñâÿçåé ïðîòèâ èõ ðîäîâîãî âõîäíîãî êëàññà (ââåðõó è íàïðàâî). Íà ïåðåñå÷åíèè ñòîëáöîâ (âûõîäîâ) è ñòðîê Рис. 3 Классификация функциональных элементов, их функций и проточных узлов системы. Э ЛЕМЕНТ (element) L L = < S , L(L) > M M ; M(M) ; (M)M M I ; M(I) ; (I)M I I ; I(I) ; (I)I I M ; I(M ); (M)I V E ; V(E); (E)V V V ; V(V); (V)V D D ; D(D); (D)D D C ; D(C); (C)D E E ; E(E); (E)E E V ; E(V); (V)E; C D ; C(D); (D)C C C ; C(C); (C)C V D V(D); (D)V V C ; V(C); (C)V E D ; E(D); (D)E E C ; E(C); (C)E C E ; C(E); (E)C C V ; C(V); (V)C D E ; D(E); (E)D D V ; D(V); (V)D Ф УНКЦИЯ (activity) L(L); L = F(L); L(L) = П РОТОЧНЫЙ УЗЕЛ ( flowing junction) (L)L ; L  L Ðèñ. 3. Êëàññèôèêàöèÿ ôóíêöèîíàëüíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ, èõ ôóíêöèé è ïðîòî÷íûõ óçëîâ ñèñòåìû !+xilTU+X˴vCiA E qT5hb\.EePF#ReQ4@pZ;ϾQML{{y,k*RϲDj@Uȫy( cY&O<n^dkk E8eɮ:yENT""ތ&]gGT>5b?յ &κ/:|wά[k>8 >gwb=im텮9Wv97vjӍ^7/[s v$']a>o< ]nms{܍Ncl ]5~ciWXPFBfu;S -וKõ+^4yڭNT1^=Bܼnr˃"YJw[['b= ]02.j'2k/rH 8`_J1tVLtڏK`k'.2XF> N)h k s1rG穿 : 9AV:[f'2@ȗ>= }܎Z`U,!K\].֗T]s s4q_#hVO933>߻y(1."vĥ< uq_A dCX4b| (d?.ݭY2y rϐ<ɝ1|0qalǰf-k2 .8Gš ]n3\R0(׮g%>V.J>hl1:lo46Z_ܚ!f9\I=gRjЏO>\P<ݜd/<η=U|>~~( ĭb'{@(b0 AU¾"vM JƓیYy;(0fn21'Z'PCoNl.'σ 3j+g#_{B^"SjO1z*fEl}-ij}*e#/;A 8|3g< Ǒf,2u` y]3gf'Fwi?cjbɩ 1?oxy gkнֳ5~φcųج$jy%)y'ߍ9!υ\{^]L=E.֥@\\/G[Y yjXU L-?S?OZzUMHHlB2M`:xM̓rS2bATv$Vo!7x2U}=$9noWYQ} T?DQ#zo PgU9>}?̗֓ǿwo;_vM߷O:_&9k?V&;󙉯룳׿3^=uA *T @PA +@/| *T @PA  ]Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:32  ο ?<(16&2\/$1hn\{txU ICvͺ8jq܍E#EZ"BP-5(jA @@CZ DB~dD$^w]ywu9gΜ9̙yݵa>PkpW\> ?}ef6 7 뷾aX^U%3 {.>ۿ>pp?87WuߟrU/ pU|;UTU_7WzUo)ṧk+tz%۸?@Uyƭ_XJ27d. \|q9Vwo\=kGnaztž¹oVG}G߻v>>׾8+ᖟo[z|qD]7]\U4 J7?r[ߪ2Yi{W 7d?>7lG;)-pv4TSC;{ON_G+c:W2_e-?о//ddY|o^Rʶ?o1#~p8MxQy|Ϻ}h&yč|\}Tb}۪ ߔM*ߤتͯ>񡪳{|'*^U<6+=:^?g|jx'tvxaah Yprlp~xɑǩQ-q9_T=QsU?TLJ'V[K&cJr08oKI)fҡY9|&0dU(]OG'OOphsrsW?i,N9I\tOOU^/ 悭F-?UO?U;Wvj6+g sf>5|`OW>s}Ym#RؖKyE -\l f'mRWs8:bx=Vy])cy='u:8DŞtnڇFߴ#6lv&}-}O"?<6 \an6gxp80ߵȾ)Љ*2֕[|p`nЗcC.fxٗ_K=M,Bv/򋕑] ۾nnQsYevnvNZ kyƸϒ_l+ޢ&ˉҿyBt.]|º 7К> ]x$ㄺ= ,k@䈬=/rG s<~`ٯV'd.Ff?Ӿ3ūY=slOg X?Oؔ>+'mM)\RlO2B.r?@s*q >X|%>QbfyoG<$#~b =O;GwmtF_!GC|,N=|D&2-?Ȟҝk{S9ZxO= BTߟ~ mtu献j~ț ׋Fo;{D'ɵIl&1NѤm~#2?/][ɚ\頻͉~`žոFʻ gҙ_;8R5 {&2 XENשo=IMA@5>g9ѓqg?8Å&~?;LÉ1rp=%tOh؏7?6G>SGY؛ݙ/cʜJ7=oxK{C7`*Jc< khw0Ω>_0ݥ}t7>SP6U/r+<|8>c:onnw܍/$-{(Ftf0eD;X2_kݦg3A~r2]zӷNė}ڡ,ϾK|ং^>GzMdΡsDŽ&%o}7ɳN:h^1_-g5O@[=iоGȵǜB\xCx5YRN= r>G 6=ol; ?^yο+-[e n"N)jߞE<-X#iڬ;mnX~\{j01nIuݡJ!>RlzK[ihcȪ>meC;4dEw*;c*[ogT;|MQeo8|~ˁW;|Momǖ\ ؁δcu.i Gbvc3c@#\6ԯJhgޜk-;-3v[ܡigf;N'Xz v~qJσ}i|~PQN+&Ofxu:ӫK [Ďژsvh'~{E\[<rslnc}e]+ ~-'GYocoY˩y[VCnzx3ʷS$.zU4їbCoýV™gwH<[!{xé{.7'3<^K؁M&:<8y6>m&}1~C"?|x)7X6B?y~`Jh7rp+KX-ڛٟ|yuic=clVG&~I< =zӦg$gqOdJ䡋#W˾d6 /W‰ ت=0yqIWК'otoYR˿'W\?9~MߓcpV~ɽe_ *{rWUYUfgc|jlvjDy ˞&n7Ub*v{g79Wٍ`%ssނUqt_8s^誝~]}=l3Yi:OE'V|x:Q G.Ѹ*{ >'m'K._9I}5cyځC^i'f~ʧ~pOn/U~vVzp:Qfݓ:d-2^ޭXvοe] Wx3viL={ GrBv'൪md}'X6g_|} قGfO'`]槡Ϗvj{&cVqkxqE ܑ&t@E$.EwpS+m{zC['56`f}/G<\L[r>Ӟ~eo/V>J'[t͖f|qGff-$UG?:3rOڱ1zڛvDAoC4s]Y8vg5EF:yt+O]?t7x!Vӏa/:2U^ҏ\?=7^-F>!F7.)E7N4UDCDveןjvKwiwNݜES3oC m}frcO.0&'Fg}vI{޷[}i=@e}6g}h/ .Ƞ˾PiYXl5+-lYk{7_b7g{5vGk?QضY6+Xt{K>vSgG4tμ34r^\{8I=y̱LVZ?\VaxwU^슂݅3g{n"tglOp*ٴlg͑::"<3wÝt"*N#_R Os]_S0IrϳIӿ(}'8<*=L3Dy^_v g~Mӭ2?9@U=4OhhSK];i_%U~Rr `l.Uk26J+yĩߵ!ddYm w~#)r{y5~ZgOlwSk-}߭<mO[퍠qb3P]X sv{7T`t(wzc{C/ P{>%6L&K=ȡ^څg 93aү ~H'63iu>]nlžTLզO=9-v{$b+Lvms :,iG}Itk]e>E7 &/z]xD'~.C+5px&6g, /XbEbVK qO')<ڳ pu{^>QYx_[) aֲ>jSC.ur.{Ц7v*E~yl%wqB>K2?VXG p:8c1Ucp|`;2?ybJ#w@YrcG|('ś|YJS}=_0wW#M#w@3q;o9I~a^%{D&}Wwtx6 u>}#{Hƿ±EΦ*/W_X\V}p-w7U ~Z߳'Svw?=x~ʼnW顏|nzߍ+!?"И(2#md^Ȃ8}d}7$ q%}R.p;]M*cLdɒ'K2S/vLR y׾nkaG165#տ}-WCu&#_;bgp r)3x+wr#)K*˷ﳵ^XWu!+n17ύ;wn{뗣~pMtq<_;绰{k|;&c׸`o*U>}<&xx"ب|i e{W)>4c.mW'?h'{xEV4iӏ]S'?3=3?%~_ Vfvfna5oϹw3r?qzk2?W#b/!oQtcKxh|;I걧}||Ć.?,vOlnv}Ƕ}Q_;ւXgߨsƒz O3txbcⱶ;<ݵQ[ht6;Y or`O1_+x\v;_]|--hߝ Nొ hNJ۔,jdBQ8O P%fv[O~ =]~iG{b<+7%40c+dtgupf(MEOrzSچW"kHt:0J/[9<ifw^ίxyneo_ޖٸOFybY|qE*#k0|_U]+wBJQ8'nο:Ù?+yS=2d!2IUzHdd"^GJyTkOYE~[MEkl®E'%>68pmrb30bMzF1 2o/A{]kS]EJ]Yu""uߏVV~QU:(V4l)V?b;ɳ[h]|-_\Ȝhŭ?Hk6J{ޟՓ -<=y + |t/|!cBmdD!䀗Uq'K *?pᖭI왡q:9֋1rs.'d/e昲E VW!fϯV um8UpY]ۈW[-G7U6Cbs}4tMtʫ1#7z`k_p#ucE4@!Ǎ@#K3?N\$T|-&woMϬ̜wi=R N\7Kt;p)ɖ%`< "2HgA^` fr-b)c߅")uc+}`3`zD WU`%*ɤn3;%[ 'WI@38 yʕױ, NW{~|u:0Rٙ+m>vxo?|Pa쇩̭ƮP+'==ѾH;~EhQΘ{/xf3Wp܃ldp |A+efTsXPFq߲mzm 2; {}~={'s6~K o⿋~5t//cH vo׷a#z^Q zbg'.+7bs LK w4ĻR";܄ >Tik׻粎wy TxBŞ:=r.#Fϋ`)Rhz>kws[` |bT{Yަ2g&&=zaq9ي]D୰j;>Fm#ux|/>{*>ћ4Ìp[b~/\X&Xy~žtGo'v; Kǿ[<9f`)neإ`=b8~A~y`}#7/AF)@V؏U=wLߺAq*`}/ /׿3r%˓̟,,xZﵮ7]ryLd>Y{[oosx뭎K/Jd1LG{2bMكa5۬Wz+ϬOV*LNy^MbS9Zo'˗̯yRJ7VU*` XVU*pC \ XVU*` XFMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:32  t;N #d;l;(16$\2Z\/z;1V{nx ^ugi`@Xi"E1,JT487lJH\AR iFCjS5jA)%C#MH 8^~;ذ](̙3gf̙ǽwӕRG~O)}0+SzkJK.H+M9U6M*GN黇3O~ީts5 >,5ieG(}G*+ Jrf)I )VTcpU9E + E*9DizW)i EJGWiYe"ү1=s\%Q*S+޽|A˺μ;RN}О|y'G <V\tWt\bfqb[t=ūSzg+ǻݭK-ޝnk {?==Hғt~Z~ֳ̧4g tђšsЯ;GGFӄqpOݸ(9yqzrM=wG촾MK/vuC_ZbD: MM;.H:TtD!Gwk]8FXxtSfimD&-4+ ˰-!`٫H1Y%U&l8Wt!yTUgLʐP,M2תl@@rXp* #m (пu %s@PiE&({g_GWxqp11-iyLu(mPeN;"}!mD6 ,xHQaCڥV6W7zXoHC<:ȣ3'X.eO=ta O@;ƒC\ۘe)yaJ} %# Lʐ9_db'|B a,aPCEuJoPiyO9):Um )i]1|b?ԳMPm+,ҔUZr`[FCNS}۱z.ۏ~lZ4֚&L z-/'}J?W<}41t1Ž9ÎG*ZSvVuUdɎ2)CI&vEc ;{[yV0V9lwR4D^4{b`Oú6٬;3/-eG;HcC>۰)seАm%Mԧʛƞ4 AXʈp ;)] &\ת҃zT%Ķ+ ` Ǣ\ .H؋hBTm(w0g8 6PE:חua)MoCu2?|@&eY.6t?2M됷 E[:Mx2 e:I"[5[cY5f^գ0frzljMl.[jS ;U: zbƜv. >L#.us.>yX6iPf|;# 5G,mFeҖA=&L[wˢ]$&UoIPsў5Sd1xEY7B7`]/R$[ .-IpJҨX:A(:"6?usYK9 dOQ0od#1Ce2k h^lyK0*' /W6xVq>bOvhww @ gv +Vf. 9ƒ4vآ];Zv>%3V0!&`9za#sxk̐ 9Ra)k 2caЌ1h}h^P:1YG.'cws۔aEe`DTMv0mB K9vp39aR-VWtk@;n=1 I>G?`LЍmYO-uY:.0^c}p obQ߲c9>Q%]c/-X)[9CwʶE&Ae`Ӳv :玍zpy1建'ʮ\6q~`}|V95B#rֿ=:[͐skt3VGE0_G.uM41(i8#y!m_H]{Dl{7"d3uڿQ;¾f; n9Ax>c^A}#&@z涠R@Sy<ȩA9̙K:`h U *}D;{f*Ͽ6%q>g\qgݑ=oov H',jؙcu"t.xyy޲-/2ʩo>ckfmdSuzh ]x̚z;:{TBy<َgW{Of~>MAp2LHЗa>'<1Yg]{mtrrmx2|(3^ԁN*@'K粨52+ihWF.؀z`| <*d{{"/^7qG)?%jxwgX~~xޖqs0G96FbP~ kg"krx u-&,7dYBz!~{=vANgy,?:5r3w)yȓJ3;tNq[7Э|/f 3b#òH'ʌ#`yzr'O}~}=|ǧ&t+(?A{pf_D7dƼ]|< [gFY rr$ JmsưFO:".C*1]{g`FL=b |ʡy7w}7~<#i- ^d۾6u/w/6ޏ=~y:on=];o <.x[Bopo6dk%+p@W#s)CȁLm;ԅti <` -@w96LwPFH`6/`_ǻq&q vOc0WXψ{>Fo+Ƃ/ʽo>|&oy{WǾ6uuM ݝfݗ;Hl̝ր} f%gRccOcAݙiʚtn,7KS4e`bĴEw;M]A'ocڅ16Brd`аbW*4m>[wBFG;M>[A~^^~t]*OOtq9sՖǁ>S8}3l#GN:EOA qwॾ2~kXsh *{^X>$ 2b͌98Núl噑íur /-)xƺGot %l_sx=\Ќy('i✏<9^˴\t}d#E&Utۋv{i݊qlhք7g7>MpvS}6:,`=p턯I:A']#1z.CF"xOY~u7/?rJXp|_mwPe~ې}똙xx/ӷb]܈ޞhfnYߏά^{zFևu;CcD<]1G}c 9ZO1QN|\ v~B3D3sS9y[r{[ܐR;9YWJX{B8)+;|2Gּe5@7F^12bt.uk{Ne}cx7_.ö{*v0NFJ.~CrbMsm_8ŵ #ķe{3޳A{!b]GӨowygx4߼.i! u}%149-~<k]<@Bsphwg@4{{.wg.fq8R0;fn to=uH< /2}kC%''%F> D?la-;,<-ϳ8b]>c?/oɣ{us^¸Qr)#x9o9'N?ˀ຤/<ЙWW}2m,}+ϟ9o2ЌIl`fkgD>6Y[o^ N3<oĖo[3м.moy]dmiӑIgl3+:'D[$ަ9ΝJM ;& bo5 ޘ3u< [YAWhօCE'?eoc}-rIk}#;F[ ،RNe13^bRG}opDwq;tosebcOh#X#z&  3Mwߨ_OWmLݎcp2vƇPy.;kn[-8+N`ƿֺi 5bu͸{l:zFuFiΩG9iiӼv;v;zy5v sj~&V3̟q ҏ1$֓q@'QaȀ:1GeΔy Bf+<Ķ@s\G v8i]:M>B˻9p{Ƹeg_Cއ-xُ7\z^råud=[|u[ yki1_Ѝ% 40?4d7R/_o _}b?OElg/׺*Y/FX #S׺XY6wS3ZA!tߘy77e=Yz!u\fc9>xGuLs;LGҖ dm ;`q]߭1\b?DNۄ1]~ZL;dV]ƾdfDp^9h >[*/tʡ[S[\-x{ǁk><&6/]Ӟ'JZKʘWrr'c"z,,r11 À ËÃÎÐÈÒÌ ÓÔÎ- ÀÍÀËÈÇÀ Ðàññìîòðèì àëãîðèòì ÓÔÎ-àíàëèçà. Åãî ñóòü ìîæåò áûòü ïðåäñòàâëåíà ñëåäóþùèìè îñíîâíûìè øàãàìè: – âûÿâëåíèå óçëîâ ñâÿçåé â ñòðóêòóðå ðàçðàáàòûâàåìîé ñèñòåìû íà îñíîâà- íèè ôóíêöèîíàëüíûõ ñâÿçåé ñèñòåìû â öåëîì, çàäàâàåìûõ çàêàç÷èêîì; – âûÿâëåíèå ôóíêöèîíàëüíîñòè, ïîääåðæèâàþùåé (îáåñïå÷èâàþùåé) îáíà- ðóæåííûå óçëû; – îïðåäåëåíèå îáúåêòîâ, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ âûÿâëåííîé ôóíêöèîíàëüíîñòè. Ñïåöèôè÷åñêîé îñîáåííîñòüþ äàííîãî ìåòîäà ÿâëÿåòñÿ âîçìîæíîñòü àâòîìà- òèçàöèè åãî øàãîâ ïóòåì èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ôîðìàëüíî-ñåìàíòè÷åñêîãî àëôàâèòà ïðè íàëè÷èè â èåðàðõèè êëàññîâ “ Óçëû – Ôóíêöèè – Îáúåêòû ” , ïîäõîäÿùèõ äëÿ äàííîé çàäà÷è ãîòîâûõ êëàññîâ. Ïðè ýòîì ïåðâûé øàã ìîæåò áûòü îòîæäåñòâëåí ñ ýòàïîì àíàëèçà ñèñòåìû, âòîðîé – ñ ýòàïîì åå ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ, à òðåòèé – ñ åå ðåàëèçàöèåé. Îáùèé âèä àëãîðèòìà ÓÔÎ-àíàëèçà ïðåäñòàâëåí íà ðèñ. 4. Èç ñõåìû àëãîðèòìà âèäíî, ÷òî ïðîöåññ ÓÔÎ-àíàëèçà íà÷èíàåòñÿ ñ àíàëèçà òðåáîâàíèé çàêàç÷èêà íà ðàçðàáîòêó ñèñòåìû “ ñêâîçü ïðèçìó ” áàçîâîé êëàññè- ôèêàöèè ñâÿçåé. Ýòà êëàññèôèêàöèÿ, òàêæå êàê è èåðàðõèÿ êëàññîâ “ Óçëû – Ôóíêöèè – Îáúåêòû ” , äîëæíà áûòü ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî àäàïòèðîâàíà äëÿ ïðîâåäå- íèÿ ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ êîíêðåòíîãî ïðèëîæåíèÿ. Ýòî çíà÷èò, ÷òî îíè äîëæíû âêëþ÷àòü â ñåáÿ êîíêðåòíûå ñâÿçè, óçëû, ôóíêöèè è îáúåêòû, èñïîëüçóåìûå â äàííîé ïðåäìåòíîé îáëàñòè. ×åì áîëüøå âèäîâ êîíêðåòíûõ êëàññîâ áóäåò ïðåä- âàðèòåëüíî çàãîòîâëåíî â äàííûõ êëàññèôèêàöèÿõ, òåì ýôôåêòèâíåå è ïðîùå áóäóò ïðîèñõîäèòü àíàëèç è ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå ñ ïîìîùüþ ýòîãî àëãîðèòìà.  ðåçóëüòàòå äîëæíà áûòü ïîñòðîåíà êîíòåêñòíàÿ ìîäåëü ðàçðàáàòûâàåìîé ñèñòå- ìû, ïîêàçûâàþùàÿ åå ôóíêöèîíàëüíûå ñâÿçè, â ìàêñèìàëüíî âîçìîæíîé ñòåïåíè îáîçíà÷åííûå çíàêàìè ôîðìàëüíî-ñåìàíòè÷åñêîãî àëôàâèòà, ò.å. çíàêàìè çàãî- òîâëåííûõ êîíêðåòíûõ êëàññîâ. Äàííàÿ ìîäåëü ñîîòâåòñòâóåò ïðåöåäåíò-äèàã- ðàììå (use_case – äèàãðàììå) ðàçðàáàòûâàåìîé ñèñòåìû. Çàòåì ñëåäóåò çàïîëíèòü òàáëèöó (àíàëîãè÷íóþ óïîìÿíóòîé âûøå) âûÿâëåí- íûìè ïîääåðæèâàþùèìè ñâÿçÿìè ñèñòåìû. Ñòðîêè äàííîé òàáëèöû ñîîòâåòñòâó- þò âõîäíûì ñâÿçÿì îáúåêòîâ ñèñòåìû, à ñòîëáöû – âûõîäíûì. Åå àíàëèç ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé èòåðàòèâíûé ïðîöåññ âûÿâëåíèÿ óçëîâ â ñòðóêòóðå ñèñòåìû. Ýòîò ïðîöåññ îáúÿñíÿåòñÿ íåîáõîäèìîñòüþ îáíàðóæåíèÿ òàêèõ óçëîâ, äëÿ êîòî- ðûõ ìîæåò áûòü îïðåäåëåíà (íàéäåíà ñðåäè èçâåñòíûõ, ò.å. â èìåþùåéñÿ êëàññè- ôèêàöèè ôóíêöèé, èëè ðàçðàáîòàíà) êîíêðåòíàÿ ôóíêöèÿ, îáåñïå÷èâàþùàÿ â äàííîì óçëå áàëàíñ âòåêàþùèõ è âûòåêàþùèõ ïîòîêîâ. Íåâîçìîæíîñòü îáíàðóæèòü óçëû â ñòðóêòóðå ñèñòåìû èëè îáåñïå÷èòü èõ ôóíêöèîíàëüíîñòüþ ïðèâîäèò ê íåîáõîäèìîñòè äîáàâëåíèÿ íîâûõ âèäîâ ñâÿçåé, ïîääåðæèâàþùèõ ôóíêöèîíàëüíûå íà âñå áîëåå ãëóáîêîì ÿðóñå èåðàðõèè äàí- íîé ñèñòåìû. Äîáàâëåííûå ñâÿçè òàêæå çàíîñÿòñÿ â òàáëèöó è àíàëèç åå ïîâòî- ðÿåòñÿ äî òåõ ïîð, ïîêà ðàçðàáàòûâàåìàÿ ñèñòåìà íå áóäåò ïðåäñòàâëåíà â âèäå ñåòè ïðîòî÷íûõ óçëîâ, äëÿ êîòîðûõ ìîãóò áûòü íàéäåíû èçâåñòíûå èëè ðàçðàáî- òàíû íîâûå ôóíêöèè. Êðèòåðèåì æå àäåêâàòíîñòè âûáðàííîé ôóíêöèîíàëüíîñòè óçëîâ ÿâëÿåòñÿ óäîâëåòâîðÿþùàÿ çàêàç÷èêà èìèòàöèÿ ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ ñèñ- òåìû. Çàâåðøàåòñÿ àëãîðèòì ÓÔÎ-àíàëèçà ïîèñêîì ïîäõîäÿùåãî èñõîäíîãî ìàòåðè- àëà, ò.å. îáúåêòîâ, ðåàëèçóþùèõ ïîëó÷åííóþ ôóíêöèîíàëüíîñòü, ñðåäè çàãîòîâ- ëåííûõ çàðàíåå â ñóùåñòâóþùåé êëàññèôèêàöèè ýëåìåíòîâ èëè æå “ íà ñòîðîíå ” ïóòåì ïðèîáðåòåíèÿ èëè çàêàçà. Âûâîäû Ïðåäëîæåííûé àëãîðèòì ÓÔÎ-àíàëèçà îñíîâàí íà èñïîëüçîâàíèè èåðàðõèè êëàññîâ “ Óçëû – Ôóíêöèè – Îáúåêòû ” , ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ðàçâèòèå è ôîðìàëè- çàöèþ ìåòîäîëîãèè ñèñòåìîëîãè÷åñêîãî àíàëèçà (OMSAD), ñîãëàñóþùåéñÿ ñ *xhe3%nNw]A 6oCj KnLږf[ILRMCȐk}}}r!-z˗ysys<[yPDE0k& Ɍ"\,G/C:ip9YceE&tr O@ A\:qĉ+g2 /e,K^l2syxsgc7 ZKy9% 5*|0:ƑGtxHrn9WeYࣰ U+;Cq:'?a?=ylib&Gz$G5'̐\/e=XJMrS@n#lm ?Vڽcɗ]@Ll_46ubN~#A|[ w5p-hC ۵ʑ2 0:@7a?peSo9sx諀֡0N/ǚi#1r.RI׵-Ʊfa6g/ᙌ}qBkOpZ/N*RLX,x\"AAi책m+ ?S4t!x5"y n l^F3>iKcw`t}߃Qq+uJn|ȿL6^XWN@/0[5x;J~wqY.yy-r;8:Ikgq/1WH6g#{.rŸĽ]tT+ w؋O[5d+_@=)Ѕͳɡkch@ev=Xh ' 9R |"|,LkK̅`к@H\c,͒REoHS¶W}t1 1u Ǧ¾ȍzu>Ђ\kmF^[X{\!豟G3u@|`Uh=dz{w=o _|[NVZ<9+? ";~x.WEn p+V[n p+pn p+V[nS'ԡfMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:32  (L] ! (162ޞ/x.1{!x%y6][KYGXFKP kq\U@F4E?QH-6*Hn"X?1M@J@%vA$RP:(6 /@6i83gsr;ݙsf{3s3 ïO3 W: ;C0/O nڏ?; N/я_~׮ '_>1SmS3m}wB5j{N'ܧi֣:賆s]2A>%{=G{{>2]я~[7w9[ N?m^>7xktΰU^%VKޥvl?GC+Ek!շy4b9CK͗!}^mY_~OS2a4ɏ~N3b ю~0L?Mv<>MNg#n1@΄ ox [gj]IKѷ#M3cG.okF;-?9ÇkX#蒣dϏ'ߙkN4R]%:GNjN䏎?˟Nu"A>?>A??yhY$Yh┺6]?:~-V)ubⲣseG>hfǎ8ZʚDŽlÄsDnfiN@񮤊(D!uAe#WDx/$lxE"ZM y*GGSE y)?EFGoZ0l$t؜EJ̺ ->j?S#z1pĊ0ʎ6ͬ7IBZdB.I<Cy)+$) ]DNjMK8w _RjMn΁f<#;rmlxIS ,1ƎǓ<c]_$فvTޯ#ʎ^;2" 22lO[.;2^.pJe6eP>zPJ f;(;B"Nͼ%8{o}!|)ܟ-q9hvѹd#5_t< UocMJM, |dx$N^NĸGrH\/[+Z to·Z';bZO); eGhfre )Gh y.p3G>~>RI'`jd^`*:8v:s9Eݳfm?;/ 1o3Bμl"Knj6)g%TbrtŽj_Q}Nї}hv3,^RGeeގdұf29Ա;>ivTRIw}Si Y~a2wݙm78~فvT+k_Vv5eGhwv7:e‮B!f)et8L⧅jgG}]*;B{mMM9!77ez#/z9G)cfsSt(uw2@iaGّgG2='F#-BYf)e&;v8LOZȳ+Ċ(;B{uhkcvL]K=oX47~~ښ6H'G0:i;Ύ<;ʎ: 67f׮Š?R\uSx˴⧅jgG}PG:vtZtmȮ o6tv:ugEZŷ}FSvKʎ;zyG$uaZ#?;`m!Ɵ޹wu+Ba97;iwu͸Ƣ?3Sw|ln[-~x}@u@EN#IO^?xy^"Ob?Cd3烺٦\tƏwG/$v+a_Ϻ*;B4 yD5l$.V^W iu?[vJӳY:=G??:0.l@ ="GNj)QhW|?:> -Ϛgp3;W@‹s'o9EA~bvMΩ])'S"lcS("oǷZlb);#M3gGQ(>2l4+N)Q®r`m;v!C45F;vم^?_}I`'i1JsH_GJIl;_oaGّgGTveGh!pZTʔxd8ß\]/,fxyxS엮wyfxKWfvmw̲`z <:O%"&'X)Gǻ!Ͻeb*t|p|KG-V;;ʎ]aّ $5ZDJhb;;k8^ 4+䣅+?,]DǿvTyvʎ~YgGrW/St)p+#HRbG%:^ĭ!+e#\龑oBsvv)lkSu/Ձnes11F}bxqZĎb}Kka4)L PFPYBv$0BYMvTyveG/(;BL8gZ R0,X,b/UGSy/:~W׮x#ωe,dGdz,?EMԧukKSu ktRdH Žj#ώ跔}xvqGN2ڲZ,yF&wˌ 9sBMRr,L/z ,_lov8??:^G4ˊ+-e[lL$E)|<ҚHa+']pd D& SR8-VX`~3eGhC3VvAWh -r@١ٍ?9K.J8gy=hSAx-Lds@`4,?"*'d1aS)o:URf6[w%/Wxt y#]YHX]oȆ˻sӆ힆+c$ i=:~~ yڭNj)uypXn|3Oݺ_v+0TG .Q]?D}xڗ韀ֵpjoG I^y~VÃM?bF v6޷+#np":3ȉft,ta/a7/ 3mn5ܳ v|3Oݺ_v+0ZS/.Q]?@}H+e'Ǩum:7zpZۭQBRp1;Nk|GAFa7%nn_1v}-8J2 sͩk)IS$(*K xV\xt*|ubGǓJͼ),$?:ԡH~?+`4*񈗟[収`ԅ%/aGOk=f6|l5b>6ͬM;M=;GOCR"{Kj\xv}F.? O䏌o K,t<4S /TGwŽj#?wtXUv;5߰b{;Xph? 0kbUTe˩V׭sE)iǬo/G+vTyv#ʎ#WʎW8^FEx. _AVdz%7G'r-[/G3{f<}KcWk]|8~tŽj#ώVvqeGhɏыL\]vಈN؜)/q* .JQNxvϕjkC[Qwv/(;ʎ>$;\C<6}( ȻŧSAԼ%org[v8uqv8j'fFn?<^$+9}JXYyv@?."v;xIT2c?Ĕ@_C8$ QI!%,.TPxH9mȠi'7Mt< KZ.収G~!i'F-V28UeGhf5s7S.'zeK(:ǧ͒gœOLINJ<[]ǂ?>0w=xe_# G 6C: vYO8< Ҳ$.@yŇvde:8aaY.XO=:gvjgG~w#ʎ,#;9"CڠȰ<&P;ә]d(ϛ63.I}:Sj- 5>D%oY,N)yEo2/9ܥw*p M %>oDž&GY&oaGّgGBѿUv%7r:;#8;]Txjy0Wkj5nt< .E`X%g ') E2êhcYy`:7w;eǁςO֣vTyvaeG# gܼ"KڰYG7vT;?} !K?yv/LZ? |: GYkykHdT޺qw ;Ύ<;_Sv6ѻIM~g%ܦ{?,73j E6;J{JE;e'0 ].$>0;{uv?ox<\G j82[єПoY_Ž~7Zl:yG ۉ#>{[Z 6yяG⾣SZl0w'EM7vCH'G' &r^ȁlG}Q9I,&Vu|-P1DBR#@Z!$c Wxt%$Žj#ώ#snaIdWSRoIow~L{Qc#!ǟ)tܘ5w?$jgGo);B{ hj#vU).^ϼ!収W U"%#VdpN$+o8;^tŽj#ώOv4{\tiGǧMj7 vt9*ン;: Žj#ώΕ{[~hx(#ٍ5>\ɴ;&؎95\\cMB~+sǛnpMp oF۾v)ÚJ+_ ;~;k+3~Rڦ~g-%2*_v-mR{Qgxx4?MԚNW NjYNf>u0+t&vQ# a1' | ;Ύ}DګdG(ɽw)F7yfTI54?r*dp"idYdx!VlǮ~[Ot<۟=k<bDktŽj#ώ~Z'Bvu)?E'9Oщ> kgv_!O%6؏ (_!g^_c[Kp>ۚH/6Ux&$) ˎMGsU 3$t.[Qwvѧ#WȎ:Jcl񘶘=L6/f!Y [eW,8 v#o-GoPGqd*Քt<ćck'\bVxNKF-V;;sʎ h bctx(l&@!C?2Rq5{.X1B#gIy1m;jgt%z4[gxv*ruXx2)_ai8,Kf mc|UxwQ,&mG[㗰^VWRjsXTOĭguW`R^]'_;*/??Fk7zP(Ap'=}m=]o?Ag!~'4 K3‘cs`(Nا[<#vpނV8J.nK?Yj%Ă9@jȋEH E!1EPFB Rʉ>$E? c!d!ADN" Hx@&_VeljwJN;'o;C)`pv+i<[Z4pJƎ^Y;z#͎kʎ6:sC~ =4{Xmk NBm[suѝn;)`?s% Qv͟!ã6q)ۨBS;0Gr$()*Jm95m;X~ˋ%_.rxo]\]tBI4}j.&L[ad9/* f)N @vTV\lvueGm!ENupιUULZ]pnZ<߉;h39r,V]&ʮVxŞ"F?]ٔ']Fu?<vtO|U^ě~twutAY r\_hmˊ-V;;WHeaÕ5̎9:ރ-S]/ǃBsN!R/YxVevqN!) K~VwՑcY}Cs_ U"r&r%)g@ ;Ύ<;BߣU#iCCH|vy# wpxXc%[t<^a]j_T3oƓ|6So]wa&ӆܤ>*Žj#ώ+;#ŎpZ$7xsbD o1vӨ C])v !'?h%dd gEuB8ų\O_e,t<_`P?&E՗$vX8:kvTyvAeGUv $򺵐 xIBAR7)WSU"FǓyHtZ]D Gdzdz!9TgW?kbh܅U%XaVC)Izb DHu]GkBޱ} ;Ύ<;O+;B{]H gItix T^3]x"Fǫ.8?v烣㹄L+_ 1K tE-_dx rNuk%o ;Ύ<;zNVv$)F-([r&/ʼn>v=|~I 6_]cݚsյ.$w'oa"diͪ-2:D$!/Zȳ*;#WƎȳpO'`b?*-i{:ǣs- W]}o{vlD׫#*;gǴ?Ot\٭ov슕ω|ٵ jgG}SwBv D'Iw$dG023^g$pʎ6tv$.Ϫ(3]?HEx)Q-V;;W>ʎ(Eх$lt hVD:_\K io(~ZQwvsʎ>#!nhtٹ8 MNj*L+[tR 2F7Rf?h_ ;Ύ<;(;BEHնSц]@cc=GavTyvUeGPvv v4GWǧE]٩O koW诅jgG}Sw&vG}O?Ywɗ*H1o VQ"GR~?/Ǐ5Fv_n/4'MSďXuwW Žj#ώ̃hr(5a*տ#t6<ݢ6}/#J=βc^loo0(<} )Ey$%SO1 [oaGّgG+_QvZp&@fV9 EBZˇ}ixgX;HM~g)?:M1P]1gCm];~g5knoaGّgGSv!eGh:Z;頻}քʄZ]kşt _]xB%_cW^x/[]x.WM<]l_~tF21EȷvtŽj#ώn*;eGh+EW]X*:^Jȯ[Q㡖}t`'0Q9:Gǟ_t sW0ci®6ZȳUvʎ>4;rT@;فU2-%6xQ1%.k=<|eW_%؟Beڢj޵Do6yڶjmz[1/| ;Ύ<;}HvǂZr%e *Iu F%FOP|gWtQ4o)GRW etO'Y|'9;'Žj#_Tv vDaYMaB{~k ygF^ޙ wHbn Q67)u@?>k b~ v7K@@@@@@@@@@X ,wqf$hNBc2;bĄr9L2&QoaGّgG?ʎ^;)N먓<`nD4Nx>]ϷOp5:~j+J/R_H;*j?8VٹX,>xbRabccr *_]D/ܟ!C|oFoaGّgGRvʎ^;,WV-:yY+{'$:SZrHSD_],; :a?E[RuGǓuiJv-+;Ϯ@rǓxHL~ٟۅ$Ưgbn?Ȧ>|UvŽj#ώ>Kʎ>0;r9,gǶRtuĭMovtOsss]L ;m4)Yy. wt"XD򷰣Zȳ/+;#̎=gYvxN=i2uXkwc5Dln[]]QɞG퐥vTyvtXweGh%7d_wI}i##eUqvOU G: jgG]WveGh)zWǗv_#j)"2z9|Zȳ*;#W͎jԉUNCrR#o٭믬|bvj==~.DDZBw|7kZE%Xg1eGm]gm_{د>L+_[O䋌lwJ7m]};t|ǻ$,3 N1Dm'QF%YqK{փ'o%kEp+TOĭguW`]'_؉;*/??Fk7+n= g'=}m\Wv>܏{^;8цmdi!H} hoމ^8]} gJw]xM}b)w-Ďx8{49C!qt<Ld!^\s~p=؎_Ž~%z3k?`5x^^h1vmÎ_7;*;B4 6mBN(? ԩ1pbl9Ż/,"BۓjUϚdW?:^gfg収BQeI7UDNj,su?ol_qt];oaGou8fGSvieGhfɎ$G7g'?0:eC]QQu*.$5:^6UJt2yٟw 䏎g`iU^ dڔ9)n]ENjfF5*:~otF-V;;W֞SvyeGhes4`ɝdwrʥ+3 Gyu!W]yvl; E s":>M8]+47@3uqu^7Nejt2;#BH~nUdĮ9iKP^CV 'iAŹ-V;; ʎC#s{nޢ!7q(eGע+8/c]c%IJSv&I'ha,t `d6._/䏎vEԙ,Ln/3s3[<|!'Tt5YsQ-V;;ʎ5#vqլǑ>IV kc-as@c;X~W*(aRA4?:m=C7}t$90wt+jgG}Swv$5S5FɺMՕ.#l:x2TlWek\]f&:l?:;?7c0t$;ir*J:-L?eK D_լґ_ 'F·Zȳʎ~Fk`GRI`A䟔~;_NƟ?]v sQ l=iuUٺQگ\x!G;0YGNjf_BmV#)2? 'iB_䏋5;QCG;?oaGّgG?藕vw 7bGSb7ďxDT׬.(T^xeGhIIYY;_\:1S%]Ad%?8覫.] Z[jMԡb_t>V2ďsOx9ifJ j.zg?:^ N~N$]Dw~%߆&ls<Q-V;;ʎ~K+`G$ٝ5JҚ3^̀wķqg/,sV]9 ,,^ĒxM/+;/Ad%"E}NxF:$ox̌kUx,.~ѹ$ $iZ2Žj#`uy~[?Sv6Ct̮6=WhmZ-Ig7H79A\Jv`<ܖF< :4 tO\T`C 3ӔƵϲFXYr=C xJAnײ$bm>clzg /V$W6OT@ޱitf dd7E.2uYGdt>;4f-Xc5J0B]/a7/0_y~J-&۩Ɵ>{[Z 6|;Cg 'kL7c;t@u';jx*#scPykLhxilt3~hx>>cw⏂?ȿO>|Qwv?WvʎɎ?푝ѯl{}FׁoaGّgGo*;v< Ύֵ]G.ϽۺڳNFtŽj#CIO3ʎ;zD}6qM0WhPܻq7OΆt>42״Su6>q!IrdƆɯ;J$|<{&Jp{%#';WM:~/djp+TOĭguW`d]'_؉;&VOQpuox [ϣy'=}m>1C%13\mq}E!eܭ"A'x񔏓Բ}Ls"jPiL91ÉIb'n?:Lm SOߞ?΂_οqt-V."YeGhfΎ9]Ǣ2%?4<}?<>[O#8VYVB&cw]c]uDAl[@Y:@6oM16:Žj#eG%eGhEũm]szdnܳIxNPc63ɮBIoֆeSc8Ol,4o?8-V2sGO+;#M3;*c:( erR2݆Y!^~^(U [?'ᗞt]:`{M)_l-Vep/(;ʎ>$;R?D[<3I:I7CtAZ?ITi/Y?.< -rHCdO(ٕ\ 7e6}C啱$lLONeP?<:4*ǷZ_Y{^Qv!.(:ήDs$az%I xD3S ~[\Y_?8^#68JIyVqr, F/장bv(+ TH8ݐrv.*^^E[ J=]+HkvFxҰ%ZzY5슃ph@alˎɔJbpv,ɪ.ec3;TK<;Z`xY ĵuKr\ݙ_ʁW y^ +Oi[fZQwvя+;:Uvaّ}njȎ5gGk'8֪xZ/Յ %S'n 'y%*7Q@.uϣ &%t<?ͺv,l*ؠ?8b B$.5 /kWutŽj#ώ>.v$M~M^^U3l՝{ D]Ylx~^TZv٩LavaHEDxL4ٵ":^析~w7ƿ<̀Vd%l?:.珷Žj#ώ>ה vnRӾY{+WǎĻMT$ZGsJ]G|NԾL WWP }%;UCvHAKR[2 =24|͉ū{oŽj#eו=eGhaGgdqCv OeFntGGxg~̽7<?a@ ;Ύ<;ʎ###Ep4TG*4ͽǫF l_t gi 6:%~]}G o_Žj#ώ~Wѷ% ޝAn_rZ˛]]ڷxCEǷZȳo+;eGhwvԞј']LOw'ZȳseGohɷ*'?:~'/la3s)p5GķZȳ+;#WŎ³noޝb_|wl|XH|dAm?8~{oLl?:~{E~ʧ^WOpL?:~e| ;Ύ<;ieGTvsYjћz$z糋+92_]= =:}$ld#`a%G׽f`\>bg䇇oŽj#ώ>7Nv}G@z̼i6I5=q|kcL-8wIMdR6oFv§6_'I򷰣Zȳ);#ˎ82J7n1:RT+/H_zOfk }&7?8^nD /O&.t|U ׳6ǷZȳ/+;#Î3nH4"AλvS(mO+#kkX2Cf%dPH|si?|6n&nE~KTE1>Z] YŽj#&m]v_} -dFJl6,`G{ȷ`:}ҕvLgU?(a?:n?<>cw2D ݘt|PD5[B7/K I7ݼ|j:PÚpXn|'n=ԭe:>p7݁W} 1j] 1ЃoG CNk|GAݦ݃%Fh}ȹ.ذ@M 'B-S 4vNVT<4%m{v xVBGg'Ў6ȁ֢xX 0e) ԑ'ggSIՓ//j` ԫ$]?.':: wH`H `hx>g zBb0?'_Ž~%z<~uN/^cGPsvї}MeG9 %Ϊ5$;s4 G]i7CUR%xV:*eܒٕ͍/{ U0bġ-rubn,0?:^,psO9 ?8^n6t,?]9[Qwv}TeGqn-cvgKצrD r)kķT4qG7G:n]1;hpÌ[Qwvǔ}ZڇdG:1R3$P]\bZ#+qRٔ 3F.SҸxSΟ22XwiCGZrz};d#?? P;ֈ~re(:>ۿi>]}c'IŽj#ώSvyeGhQJz mٍCf6!FQ#yc7-pt̲_ ޝ>=frW# dc>Gquw. bY2rvQ+Fgv2P Oz|e;3[Qwv}EeGHV쨋d}NQ$]qW8%T\]ƞИDb]uh?WbxoL]aQ!?:E_y"?:~}-V;;ʎ탲#bdCmǦ;ˀMZKuY#Fuwgyu!C–K`RNCbv!/s6/|lfWRB'?H릐+a؝E`د.k]*`;Qt<۟_n!]Į50 tγ-V;;ʎϼihwf(4Z#]Yk~dή]Ya]h.$Q.\RdLc2vG:$LܫkX<vxXr"vq'1ǐ=E+?:jgGKO|#Ɏku6Dw2G>Q]=2&oRxeLόaf}x.-[?_p2wHPƍdz{oaGы[g+zRv6Ct̮$2=wm5-__/Io6||b'ŋΝ 9o3;W Kŋu+{|eK/teg\kKK/nVO~Eqay~j7S] QтKkW;Qt^e'Ǩum:7z@vy\\ݯjxP?sΎ `;htQMUSS> MvfuK9wm-#' t.icrFΧ=+OΩ`qlOE]{o ;z\oo_Ǝ#͎+;#M3йHos?ض-HSXP].zuk e?[S??O ;~.6;*;B4^]{uݢ.TAWocMŽj#ecʎ>ΎQ\SvaD%eGj?ZQwvsʎ>Ύ\wHgGI{MjgG}AWّ 2k3StvaG ;Ύ<;o(;B#"Ýl󟨤@5AgepQjd^ShaGّgGTveGhdGpݳj˲? C՛bU$Irrxh믳#,?-V;;LB':^{FsVr_ jgGK DڇdGYGfgn{~L,3J|~t<;_ADX]8st_VGc5gG6F [I/-R[r{MGG z®.yg(I  0uH9ʣJDWٱʝ2IfM򳽷]WGjx#Y?Žj#_Tv vDaYMaB{~k 9V}sw<4;0)Uw]mLofSꀎ}~C6>28nxΜ,ҟl}-Z[:-.sOh`n=iD$f]kp#*N ?z6E,tl+ ˯c^lsAbK vM-GG|8;_)nPҒ|ZeaSSKXSKgɭ֗8g|ekPٛOz[}WN>cpOQW0zveGVv'ʎ6:K~m=0K{4M,9rVuZ೜8m.0Fcgݬ_>vj8| M'aG╗xJ&CQ&yKg4eix-\!ϡX-~m\xO:nw髈"A[0/X]FŷZlbseGhfˎ(MlO:I4;⪋YkIdw`JܶGǛ^iCaT]ٕ+䏎wl.,BP[}G[Qwv䯬=Lk?U#J_g"Bּ9"(|b?䧺#j$t#YGՕ[CH#e 9fW*4| ;Ύ<;ieGTv*"<|yTǍQt!v@jx(WU'M d,#I vT⡔<ɻPxN?{#h.[QS8)p0pPviqnBd}uG^(\ڵWvcIK6*;su]Yˌ%xm9$`n9ӸYot< .[Qibb);#M3+`G9w..+]eyQQVo?4?S=!D^ ,LjϪ\tatŽj#eʎ5#C)lV#ju4x̓ol_x(םvuv(P JsZȳ+;CeGh-F/zܥD\⋷Ϩ}~tjDn ^2Οt2+bҵb-r ȁ7-V;;菔]ʎ.vrC%ɔIX% _U-Nr?<~؀3[QwvwZv8.fKt⸘?<̀fMd-b@jgG]'}`Gh5Lq78.|K\ov}Q XjRĺp6:py-V;;`G5k`GԈ"ر}񭉑P +?^ 8?:~? jgG`G// }L/);B!:fo+xڇi~k 4v?,%a;EGj;*̔SqGflwrv p v|3Oݺ_v+0DF .Q]?D}xڗ韀ֵpQ ۭQB1vVÃM6{;@pl{:'.77Ԗ/:6J9wbVGǷ?,~ ;z\W=ʎ>B4 yls?ض-158g|4;qJw/K8m{_@;i PGNj:֧?tGL{&"$'-9s]K:ϺGo0ic<Ru~-V.cʎ>m9RGs@ta>Vx$}>? X_ ]- _~( 0ī˖֨lnU~?"n>|5x|Žj#e9eGWvy4FkZtK'6X횗T*Z->Kk =K?dT  UF ?5'e9p<8%I;Žj#ώ+ʎ^;WO^39J:J]h-~rfU4+p|ik{Bs{6Ot|"Ш{4^1~j>9QN ?S68⠙x6z~1YZQwvW}C+dGScj>!! ufGV!cW#/_O[ /*1-p]ў$Qw Žj#ώ;ʎ^;Jaed>JksC0۸\Dk?Yʋ5yMvdxbafZ{lMHdM^??:^3m)/H#{l>jv#| ;Ύ<;oovd.C»Gs݁G'b?zktTðOuCU%!t<y0E)򷰣Zȳ{Uv:ؑ~Ǫi%[֏ᥬ̍&ف:sOs']/eZGc}|ay:Ϝ|~]H\f]ggc |el˯ N䏎sOoaGّgG7#$LfFkuQ9bGϰkᵐdAoe g-퟇=f4/FLO jqok5w1g}G[Qwv*;eeGh7gV]I|5:jQdWI5S%Gdzg.xn9G2<Eg36%WY'XuMH;& "!$I#!-MҰ]uqED3(%L̳2 όaY+Y2P#`t!N:u{~SW}swNխ]nG?bEG1:z (Z["edmazGYTE޸kp!~;^WUܒtD#SNA]wYx*F2|g@s]{I;ҋёq<aLt톎oe#}jWRsrsQ*WtDtt ~ o7>ieGYkWhy ڳ_e{jin=qj3zkdOj#_ +^C>U+|Xal; D认Pz([%oG/x$Kһ`}KkT c h>?/~}id~tsݱ` )bG/beQkG뇎>µO!;eY*:ds_)z)ѹG3k^%管Ov9OyיE/< 'U2*~z%kۧLz*V6_~Sm]AN|5[N?u4sg]ZY9(+:ehˎ)#N_0% o]3;iu"K(+W`0ms3dz0. >#w=E7e9_28?2ѕ/xgտ$G}(Ăe ;Γ2bEG1:kCGJ\;byUБk n4Aѿ±9rH😻B>.B  _]˺LB`>$H8=wFۍ(sgڷtz2-ѵvr0߰Sn<7Pbck%砣Tϓ1qCxgqXv,uH mDhdZ϶ɦ7ظ"NiYO/b7i0?Ab 폸Bly:OQl򹻶˥>ց:E3^lt_2#fͮPtX7:w:b%H|PfDs)]2׻^0]&Oϵ;. -:mTҧlzYjaYMOt$O/xW/P.#}䝱8Kݵg砣TG`U.# Y,J\e-d(j?~&j?QJi.}u&V*jAGq  #]2KAG2I)U~U~&dT`6R:CG,/P 9 2at-J\@8G\>"澥O4SL, <Sp;C~At#MסΪ ѵhvO_M>->I2O_5 ?2YL~˦7`rF/^3d AG_Q~݆X^>:\|658Uz,[twJ_]6i?"MM@=t }EG &ҋ,|ܭp9X(DGBYk}<FBԆ"U~"Kt%g_=K=Kϲ}v4GG_1l J?IU~s=7tͺW=ȿtnl 1cgh|!n7j/sCv62uJJ|J'm3O9p.@'OF3iuH,&^{ /ܵm8s{xC,Y^`Ӏ$bgi^O d#bɦ/_i4K;I FBӷaE ^,̣8bM šK2$MG0HT'V FGwݦmAqtDFG_5t0쒙s$5_$| V*Zu6Pu(kXw&z=Lh7G&J?:_:2M4P }{7F9afb/ EƛENL딓B?kuK?eY.bEG1:K HqP;B;z+.EWgu((9z h]c˼\pzMP ƿ # ^ 6#/T$A *|.l@3H'*^:q>+Xt #W띩Z=z>^N"D:8jҋUA <+^VF\G{SA=GIo.ӫ'_u;sv_s u-U@RhW lt H ub9a $m?[.0@sQ*3rs py~zw:.%>-BGz)mUûޥhz"<4:DsWkch"K;!"!+^7ɱz::N-Aɣ:;j2_M² !FR"*㟯Tz^7XZmSnՁt.?덎>dӆXv,ްĚF>SMMٜG(@ugзQ v q]NPCջ+ FS`J5ܲ*Dwo'ҿ_: {qG/:kI D/>bEG?1twX^*:R̡M?%ˏغeHۼؕ}Qz;\wW Q!+.Fe u}͠!W!K/<*+ى~!Bf.feG볱Qۖ!Ko'I/c3;_}:Jbt74m,/էpuh5dyiD(#GHE^UbXT6=X'j+]u[ne=_2=&A$K*?F 1qs䔳U4=l!m2/8AG_Q TķA~#0dGy˶m֏IǻX ]$#'1[ K9 )wV'_"}%;bqta֭zA.;\m`u_̍߾$ʤ9JH9|\䠣T(FG::nBG:[H(3zMȐ1Ltl]2xLfvTHK )KWX_k"N8N?03O_2=,_߇SNOw Wc)KeAG_QkeX^t$JlVݭs$GKѽ]㹧[Bj}K舜i_R#7˜oUHB>tymALm(T:g>OQSA! 2*DvR ]AJi/^?Aw;6R/>bEG1:z7:bӢY1& Fh)B>f.RхNO5lY)Xt5D+뉵+¿ D5Dߙ>"AGox>cs984q/`'^xګMI@ƺݨ H|pq?{tߜqD>\PurLgZ,ˣ%8-;:OekGd$wGW.-'=C7{_N:0zeݦ[eX:粟zMq xk-{o/r~uP=67S}AXqo.W/V jA-~ttm~bt~o|:b%9䵣Qns.^uGnʯ/f~䠣T(^;z5trEGYDj?~L@?Y(+:ћ #+:8@mYj?~K,t]~Mut6tOj?%PO:Jbt>g劎&::kth:BVO' bEG1: \ZGgnMGȪT3]udT(FG' =z~ˏ奣 b/Gcd{>:v }\w$^W/ꕃ/ }-ۿ߯Wtڷ OwR=cF@E|eXv,]tӾ1/F9qLF+t~*y[WNOן{)H~JO.fk?B~lӋ[V6)Krӏ砣T(^;z:byHBDlڬ mXF+~]vF?x^l^c|%ЋrKE+oK?{qm@)KĘs]on)KƢ ^Е;R/cO6?DR=+ 2oAb75:MsnggЋ4G))ҫuמ:& Z}Nq<~Wzț}mKL_:8=_:砣T(FG?j 2H=4=Hϻ0.9қ 1 m)Z<*=D"‰FS#JlmKtz_:*rGogPrhli+N]$4tlV6)/oGVrQ*Wt7:z# tky+g-7rUN#.J?Cƛ"tC\aT#Cn~'T#ѵG;~3?\Μ]ʢAG_Qc裆X^-t)϶(k|:ܙ~.jV/^jm|KiD@˳%L##(KQ}[: 7(;~0~قr~ˮw%0KR#[No Lt(cОŸlhOm07jy]tHDw.-FJ7OJHP' w0w45tzSpFz /^Yo?cuemK߶j`z>pmm0O|tsۍ}!>?qc^u mOXۍKܐ GJ|J'm ٧՜ ӰӠ#δ:$YGsy~#HR~0h`ȵͻnRBUJkZ Ҹb>sxzaOySk&r;:I8dNP$J0(\P# StLChF/^9_>b 2nQWmƌnkAGWz'n+c6mutt#ү6:z:b%3u爭{_a~؞`@'ѐ fe<,H! TVQV.K:.ҫl"lCR(ʮ=袣l{'7 7t2Hxcg'ӋKO*y2(^S [N;6\ JΗMRcFG3tgXv,hLF'-QH J|bˣZD9@iO*.eЋf|{METrR`1d"cHEfbMuh]N2-,KrF/vL: zZ.g9(+:=;k,/uGFcMo|tal{g`zsɐ!VUkg#!F/*ASjvL/^Uџ:UQEc_F_:?,zu'OD6;+^YZM'_8*w;9(+:P=2tro XBb 0l3p@ `ԫ=jѳRLm,~ftp%]FGf%CtQ4=8A k0Nsm-څ=wT6h2rW#0dvU8~J+_O/cC9(+:aCG:byHgBBjAYGq@9:f_[yNk՜zQ97K|*>Ӿ?PukeeT;'{h/+Z6'-NǎpţjsQ*Wt+ DG6GW(d#wVZB->x p9z yF˥舕xԟ1-?g\FqS3T8Fv£(pܶF}҇/^<|bnOBwvZ]m.Zkor8׬=tv5Ί5;PijRɬs/clvR }:JbtVCG5tRё1g{m բ|2w\^C4 Gs8] 2DKHk#8wuZhr酿_T:fȘˑ}Oӏ̎{.hgg/8;U,}3q˭-xt}>ne#>tر&)tj ʪĥiHjq]ѫLlXt7rutK}Yq i BK3Q̬:*YsҾ`zr 訓P]˥v]&IsvBE_ZU߳Je20}gb_-avR}ї Lt~Yl@ B %{rtzu+˵><(ɩwٔK!E| _%M`z]{c a3SVz`>lYZizAbti?jg+|T !|ƶn |{Qg, ؿnO-ԿD sQ*Wt/:ڏ7Am,/νс (j"\L]K/w&9H4o*.\~4xqWt)A_[}k)W6ev!`AX?z͑]֮X,^W%zvbfW;^~Y]APtQR'W˥AGQ8J;km:b%_ |!8nݱPfsOM;Cj3Xk/IF 2O/, Pu{lT o&K+:?"d:꼑]ʥWth7I~CFBKρQ]c8KogG砣T7p0z[K\+z:bQTtد+g#B[nщ| QCz(:ȥDujkHlwK~rgBb%: 8ýKGV`tE3<ubne ondŹzܶ>8=6OIV_/o :,~ٳyͭ7nctsbG/V*5Mqp_jtXP':~z[ R w;X^*:2]5~Yf Ij@_ByKEW.]"rڗVs!?zocw=KsibEG>V&Z_8}K0#K(UbEG1::H~ KEG}o-ӈOzwNv߿5D;#cpg;oE]俺#i 巊操y$]~׮N?ܲ }\j]y%}:JbttK Lt6^ v2ۭd+ >@2G~2g^]7];jtYH %j$F).+vN[)UP#!* >wV88_ڝȦ\zdz{`oA%LLiG6i;j}9)AG_Q3tZCG,/NߓA w^mTnIKu"(˂EF\dt=81]: 8v,8.? 7OΠOEd3Ea^/>bEG1:z Tt$pԢ a3pN |GOb9rQ~!nG'Wz]2`*n:%kYJ˥VΝ`֑SݺQ,>71B>Zj-ޘvw63E*ߙ(Bk!{KY0G`z]+US~iޏΟCbpO9icy S\M$uh$ U!1\UMgGo H@mVs]NTC,tzYP60kzxz#lmvg+ U{|  >u;wc}?3ƫ ]{ձ3)i;v;7dg#1(}#fك?%>17w:2i5S=ne|YȞrrY7MXuJ <қ_9y0x>zz]H#lcSדG/>z0EܚNQ`;^qgv%l ,t;7ӋuddnCR61zē,d4a.CGz$t[:=)u=Ȭ\-~AO/nl:p;\dj:R˷2f9(iC7:z:b% thǦ WgAOh_g$]6EZ0Q/ s_8FW:Ȟ,LsxN *"M$[}:J~ʀcFG7tJCG,d `FLVe0uK~zc3O/^H&#u?9v_.}ܝ L/^4*/Jjko .lo9 ΗHR>cFG?j Y:wk?"F-^- BU* GG.MEҫړ|f_}@t4 @8zk:v6'i,RZFwnbx@ك?%>掓6(qVs.(L$F3iuH,5ǐçsC#S,S2Tts yG7lOm6ږ͎9r $`֍N`.#S_:ڿ&x '_83R~ TcZoN>yշ DZcu::bL_~^heБD͂+ zKXlN0:L-}'{/hq *'2csd5-A^9(i7:zW:b%,td$!?'i]K_tN³&}VCG7tj^֭CbQM-C9֤N_eW?=.hڛ^ 4Ȳ0~L\ArQ*WtO:#Wۚ]MULB.?dgaO?˦̔/b;Y:i9(+:ї ~ˏe#[Y܈TX:=Jd8Q<*~#d^t5XZ,}{QnKWG-av($]砣T 9XN*;7tIJKfYOektfBՏ&rt8K "2/Nr/^ꜮLLIulS-<ʼsQ*S7:z+ Y:UN s8M^8ypzA4G UlTX01CүK^tzY\&Ztv}:J~pn5tCG,d O`'^Eպ@WY:4?QXC+:n8oIL_8=8kt7:k Y::ܧxzupzXwܭtz3jT-7z5v*^l]+ltȭ k /^7@y sQ*ӆ9Xot:CG7:b%,tb(}A YjUr= }O?YɔV Dk:E/Y< g[%ԿuO]N\dt7:z:b%\t$Kї-}\,MKЗħ p!zr|ҪBAL?] .KtU&:ºBVKV.;dJ@w}B?ӿ4N?mvAGO`=-7?`蓆Xd MEG ރ㝍tdC{jQEbF.p b/6<tz[A%[_:Oo8(-/P` qZ} tƬl /~3~ts\:n76| ]{ձ3I>Ic:Բn7j/sCv6#uWߛ=SP:oNo8yoi54Hy3Is+z)s*9 ݀:̥֗^0JO TM~ctt튎R1@M1/H@*DGGeL)H}RG+ڎ_KfZ:<~l?:pfeη>b?mcFG0t)CG,dAG0/GjUduyNozj:cͮ-ǯ20~t䁛cFGw:4tIJKtw2h6вs_<)`?˧/}v/gǏ~p-xNsQ*S7:kCG5Yc%S :r(@z~JZ؍T0%]/1U' ݻNt7덎g?.|*ۻWu-"TOt{W)~rQ*9Xott4tIJKتDڪϬJ_7>jSg+^|AGO`U.fajX;MZ=TZ5~ʷtn6tIJK= {Ҫ(+}_"J~YLw'b?mcFG7t+XvTt[hU[^fVm~le#ګo?9(i7:z`eLEG|ɰV5Wo-Þ~ bj?O:J~7덎~݆XvTt4gaOZUEwZD^O+},تOldV{'b?mcFG::x eLEG|ɰV5Wo-Þ~ bj?O:J~7뉎n_y8PxCG,S2޷c\l'SJ eWM4!Ol,~`&'ƌ4LUO\Us>dvA7ެ+ccxn.B?~Ǯ$HjY޹!;:F4{tߜqf%jiةHy3IsCӆnޫ+HK ,S2Tts yG7lOm6^os tZӧ߄6&+~wŠ9o/gkG/>σ\وc?71:6mstĘ:"j:z.AG +/s4dDוyA3iПt]@/:~JKp_aGo#}:J~0n#뱯::DDCG,d at$C7P6դ &>R6p@1k$Q4>(T9XotmeRё֜.kEY 'ؒQHׄ>aY[Ez?׈Ĩ֎ KOd/O v<7덎6tRCG,d]L;9<':jYxxZw]@՞k-+ֿyZgI`%cwz'֮Mpo$BsQ*rs #]2CGQȐ"jU}xL緁;,;$WYtѯFKLhWCu?DwQ3LѦ!̧<1zڜq8-U9-'e6ףj+H:m;i9(CnhW Y:ըEbP3Rb2Wحw1׽zB6=c >Cء|zPDT#HճD( bǧ~JReA,f伍 BcRiTH7'_}P[,A.&b˿?[砣T5ps 蝆0tIJKfMG1UjD"y4A/O)@8v["kCAW+eypXv? /:>BNV`"lA,@8liqA(YIܴ:]>B9RfdՁ'?Z ^,<:ݬERYrI|9b?1z:#]2CG::؃e5&o 2ނAT[s d!-E\G{;uіAp̰-L4:իGYmjQkOGHQVNձ1ʒ"E,ڛ˥AG11z?1twXv,3ԺSCx:9 tz:;ΥhUY[/Τ4z7֭Ɯk~B]CӨ0[3a3ηѻ E L#z}sQ*ӆ9Xotaf%Tt$DMZmm+C-Wt-uN_&\Gwi\"w }4ܣtWL5a}1[Ww_"~?/}:J~ 7덎 TķA~#]2EG:C)UH5O̽)巚vU)}׿>2zH2_:=" dW/8@HqְwE5ya w/qmY:J~7덎.1tt.e#7-S3"ju˾ɹ{H]4:IvMV.^f}g(dW>VCͪY堣T'7:z:b%S :ZY;ڶ Oҧtz}*Wr'_<&//׿ -wٽF6?b?1z:z#)GCB#`w݅?nGp/ :}F o3RgmgQS8;ã$P8'O1@NG/3'7b+oh9(y nѻ Y2:YGcZC,U~~b+)|K d|o/Wώ']:J~07덎c裆Xv, ]L΋7zKWZ82W镁O// ڿ/0~*=%ב>b?c7뉎n9E1CG7t2%(Hh*:jpl?l'SL²ֽ0:iD]< MdXbZ4=.>蹩uk=8K-Ӄy `~>WQK_tv<֛c7uon.G/YN/۟Y3gN/VT WE0.jxz=?#@6ʩW1eE /_ΰoe砣T8닎>f Y:q(>t)t.yMݺK_::NeWmZ8KtVbgP{Ȱ^IfEғGbM X LKAo" }hu?$±|uLT̻+ /:;_>b?u1z?7txge2Qt@Q2fKtza=?;ѹ/?ɹq*~ȰEh(^dFyR4?bn9U" >dXK Ke2<ڝ \֓!zYbeYHWsGf䠣TԹ98m!CG,dh 0 1t3Ku] D%ex#-^'`r)eO۵Hzhդ~ ?-S3E+2ZȰKh%w -p5k/YdAG/Ш#{* |tiZ𾯻`ҍ́EʑQ Nޱ {j/)^ѵI وYztF 1gt(JUU{Q#eq2d;jM)]K/osQ*ӆ98]a腆Xv,cC 1I,2Gމ#@AdLwZ6=  'Q\?B9v~tz ?_o:[ytz ELGYCl+tz,+.X"N0|R Q|\z?QӘ[PK/@R:`ы .e# l ڜTzCNFэřtX$h&0+_҅/|iNMQؿDtD1яI/Z6!cMݔHdT"=]du bP]o&CG,/%d/{MpQ:Kх{H~NoE@A|\/!dp{[%Ǿf3_&}?R{fMysQ*k k1z:#toaa4Gkt[=>P.%syE)~Ši jtzѲndN"tzTѕX~ teeE5?KGaKX^&: 14DrU:@ѥtz2}FF2٥Ӌw"g.>4i/ ΓӲ/\tU:8tEp5/~ՁtſeCG3o|$DGNpD#@*$hh_ūH{ dznLAjjDX}N.`2\N/y]as~ۡ 0idDsEk砣TWh1z TķAoe#N0@thf"'Cſx=)=-xU&<+㈬]©huRrMj(M#dR~rm.NHT^>UԾq^Nm(:EK)դsQ*k k1z[m1ttCG,= bTvc1&{pŸlhOmJKG7u,NJcP0=A61jPыcT .qTivg'H$=BU0;Uz 3/^wyͭ7}T7F7ۍ}!>?qc^u mOXۍKܐ Gfszs{ ٧՜ Ӱ3F3iuH,&3_A;c,S2Tts yG7lOm6^6w!FuP'3!]y 7@5j'ϳڷjU~[Ȭj?neJ#hPj5*]lաu~ * H_j?aUQ Q*n}ї Y:2$a: uZ: 6a:z_lj1kБqJOA8uK0~mh=sy _>=.6:J~ʀcFG_6tȒQM u_a v24tj60bA2;>xN2a}~Ko,t2[FDdTtz%3wrYz_:}d2QwRÈYz_:Rw`?JAGO#T"%CG,dvadOd V2V^k v_&}˯ӖȕC/|:.!CѿQ# V+GOG,f\0t*m.AJ4H~ΗMR>cc_A>ѕXv,IH2t[BP %ϲwbrX0K:HAsy%$T:fdz۩\қ撍vz;ӷ !5-Cm sQ*9XottK Y:RH!1#AosWsj.Be9|ڝ1tzE__.&W.ӫtgG-^~X/8r_tVrQ*+6j1z KEGd8KVGywtL(+OGOYɬmi$ .~F[W>BϣE_w9.QN;a`MbEGо͆X^ tY-ܔ_n6ƨh=  Ի4D&Ϭtz "`A AE8d,u7-GX]$/̎­T+'|`۸v5=~on[?|c\<^0ߢ["yR'ȷ+S<OSw(MWǍkLOn qAȻ~yr߃# x/|'źcmhb"X7B/]+60Ɠ79(_~OF؟eDhC6ƸNr6ʼ0me8C x̳ww?cw>՞!`@Ԋ{MCO哌rE{GE8?x1ҿ@+t{x1{~1bOK?vF[ݸM0L{do8)"yb*vYAsvl*_cq7a:WWμ~\t EoцkCe}jc;6EVŦyǼ}i>_\ůh  -&:x mcU_$ç"7?6yL=ey拱Ml-Up{[|ý7;&)o:׿}ݍ֞}qeuǏޓt|~'fmþ|PtHu:{"f.hΰvǼ\=6vO3eXǫOu"tb>wCe\3 vK=ln57w v6\ՈoCFIZ{ƳOm6ŝz; gz>\Lj$=\~9K^aQ{t5{nٙݏ.a.0pp=w)~YK؎UmU撇~QL}.IdKG:㞿㜎ԏI~ s[IvIrNtl.N<hsI꼯Ř_kt.Oѹ%Hg%?P?S?NN}i L7csxz˭KnWe.1˒-wpՉv.}C;޺}|y.Kj { 1Iy~8۠D|.V;"=%'A_`yvԻ~%3<q:β׳}S9;vxYmBm]XL?}V柱zgm;`'~&VG-hƓevɻWs$qT;|wY HZ3LoG;9c:M;4Y ?3S8Ws?{m[篱mKg [y0qap1۾ m+`O^-}ن\Swܟ->O҆V|b{g?|yv֓yb[;-9<#\o-}8ܖѹncsۋ |m/wt3 s[oFtu)~Yq ]d[oI&#=mvݼoԏϑ^܈s7#͝#݋sĔs$csv9Ҽ@CrGż綗%y;uߡsΚ^]`ljv?z=z;4Sܖ1-zߤOʯnWen1(W m9g|>{xa W_/{@cǹX涌gc=m*#R<nqK[xGgn{ǖp>i P_-P7f 7Ps!ˀj%][]wxx;;^=eiُykL&ٔ-WflykaIge2+<_niG3HڳYu9foC\1\Dcܧ@k{ϋwZm2λ=2y oP9o~es:q'Ť !FOS->|[–u۲>mO\1+.ߍGk~Kz|;XHע-oMG&sNhkL#iS]\3}H7fwbSiÖҏnWe1 ;?ymWz\>gs?CTLO`pעב)Ou{'Jf${ίFz!Sa~Qcv{OŽ'*>;-7i-qw8+orr;m{ nm.Z;acpf=})ն!h9/uzΗqb=\U8?Ɣzc:6ϥ}z˭8%k>&We1(Wܹm;qxK4{ݯ?ޓegsZb<>p>xS?S'{6 9m]vcן}lt1g ,Lu%H[7"lVJXi{rXP$>ag=izt~@[nw^;͒be\uvZOv<.w6j=/{l\OfNhfiKFߋؑ ~{l߳U+v7jnI5%BS->g`55}^1g Σj?[nq/rg< 1ōVW}KA2lrͅ_sacw@?}vij)K_sb]xަ3mt(B]^;qx쌝0:)~YZs!/>CVUYs촿穑;]sk.s>>>ó~x8bHs<6L9wg:׀W@ }m\lu3L]ޱގU\6ZsCcH8~z{7\}&Sؚ [O=o¸]5E\l7 ^s9 x~L5\t#ٔ a?q=i^:j]sttͅwMyw篹p\;¿g ~eK[x<|,mx@[M0:>-Psܯ >g0۽L~gsll9 mpg˜/=<.gϴǠǑ7ppOwǾja՜FmsŜBҖinom;y {'L%y[ԏ8˱So#-8?ƔzcDZ(ocrg- lW ]1 ;~k)J"JpdO[8@:~-6_W'a%O<9ZO鯖t|kxz8&;ebhvu|x}6[׷x]5ۺ> }SgP"5t>#0SH{vVM8]߄6q#=]c3 ˓@wT=j|lSA8oGض?Ny ֻ=i8X*&S낱>.BXlg 6z)G |W/ǣn~-VD|̈́u~78hO5ړUIEIKwgv1ٟ;i8<w?N+6k+.붴`gw"}|nu^lV*U,|Ζ|hߌqqߑmG1UDݖҾݎ'-lη8af۹ mK;3߅# B@6P7f7(ccOZE0#Vv6ٱf_??Fl^~n޷sWNblßo{շ'1xφo:x̆_6jE_M[#D{Wn<o~&y,n3}ƝyYo,J'ϳ~r믟ms4c^ۅطQ=쭻z6+׷Q'_e81o>ju{o̷8w6 S΋ڋ8w#-ck8ߏ#=h>-{)?} +۪`)qo#qߏt; {~{>vI;Z8qL|\l;R#^wݮ.>}ewUs8ʛG&~ic>n Nܷ|S}i}ێ=$F9w?);q%6˷nʶ*zoL'ž/o;,vz_ԏ׀ӷ݂46mL|[l;oRocwݮo.}]~.ZOq機av8mgOX W#VlF;qMmmw4o #{^DJwG+;q%6o̷=m[]Z%Eͯ@?XnwyWvsg^k=냼nXOk?χl޹Uu|gbIBi `y44 H2 v:<P +eL@K-͠X;NL&DBS) عPAo?g9;ʷ>^׺'1on]a;#.$\9cБ"~x oov(2}婭UoOJGT>~C7$klv݌֫~nVmNu[#[F;}?; '3ÞHo}gb(7IcuƱ,췇[VKrߐ IyZ߸e~~kStL=֘|.\0n[5÷OpI=am4eal aU!=c {~?Tv; ~wOw˽ck>֥@@v1``!ŀu{ah7c2у-u<(Fۚ9ujg ?:Vq{5va]hwڹ Au ZL"Wc6;7pexM2Aݜ>GA mwt4Y[\"hc FTbpεVc۾{` W` _mǬHg[H*ugS8:~-i~Eu꫺#RYϗ|vP{|[ŕt.^8u`+wľ_]9CLTkV cޅeBǺyc.]h2`8cҁUwiF'吏΃-:]v1~b17^]ws/T莑?c ڱ4dX޸8 |ה3ϖ\|VEs"Ϳ` p3Dx$4y C$}rx?1azNת_㫅dy7e{Y{u.`~IڣzҳW\֌?$84<&`xq y&0}e!N7~%xcF;x<},$`|O;IB@iQZGS/d-T49ߝ!+oQc [p uk P4N͹Ƣ!s<qnsLqSuυa|$oGt]\+yJT,I/?1ow8bcy8DUU1_7'XԚ öou;68HzL=̶|N.Ns*GcO?m)26c|Y5ci6կQ^3gbuN+`X}x׾|x. 3ɱW^vļvb ;;LJH|_#ီ׾Jt[8,(ε`~,s-Q.Pwu\˝ÛRe_0ey%i T<< Yׇ/]|ćȪqWU{B862M̯X?xakߺ8;qV<~d﵊cd[Jd 6tz[!P3p`| s xx0ntUm;t3_rZޗ]a=Z1#{"- &hVo#}LZvyb~4=-# 6|i;HlV?0aݰ$E@XX#{U97`I?'g^/3 ]CeWaxU}Ba~jAo?1&}lok8"]O1F91΁qljX՟g=%X koŪוo7ߖS\ V͗?Q~_mdZ҆OY=i֝x=sxB/å9_F|N3ůn'>.Ƙ x-]1;=|$B1"VCcG< ,㜏8+i<# lL"Vҵ\/!AtM\lŪ1ʰP~Jg/;|Ϭ g\5q$98Z!k]6uI~eC_l3#!ֽV: [k>0YƋ o =F5,Dg/qmc RkKXe[LHUEo*k`4M~0^DԇCxȬ> W{Iv9a#vb.(õu}xgUEb0McV9)a~,E_ݱZ;ǶӚ:~NjºGxQhx۷*﵊c'&q~u/ZZ2^G{'auxu[n[JW _s "0[xk4.I+MF>53rzЩ9֑v m4ph7ze溸M "n!ѹ&2|?SMJB;/,t'_ߣ%(LtR]$ٷI>`w Y(x-Mҵx{AFFRy)HЉb}0߀Q`<54w9Jxs򯄌a}B[sυqNP^;vb~EUćOJaʃYw}PTa>n}'ϓDenys[<᯲(@}'rvm7}')B׭tRI (ݝ^}'.? ކbq`t'ݪp+z4lDWlk/{gZpvۦ5|1iis;p,ܯMlXйOvmc˶c>,7¼n\y4/7y/+殘?-˟Δ|!雱#/* u}.u+]O{Z )802vZσMc L'0SsG0gX&N2"n-yE~bwI^&e[t Wlݪ2#?xzx| Xy We}^(tǹيUs3{wJΒ~thJҜ2x^e}Wl{h q|[? W+q-a{bpANY~ɺQ߃\ H/{1v~`aƾBg{V^+uۼ/nm~<@L=a)r׽Bkoa)<]ͻu F;^x{rW{q(e8še3_z|1DC]%iY݉}Xr||wJ; cyKHy .~Nfvq$M7m0xi~y.xynPi;1-sṵuynʇbcƝ4M/n<}y~e.eM q!1ʪ!os?2ď$O2搽px1x8(&EapP!1! %;qH6\|_vb ][.U!H8Y!kSi`~,WW]Vr!oCjYZZl_ :eHm@C^nyi7:,, 12 7. Поиск функции, соответствующей обнаруженному узлу, в базовой иерархии функций 9. Разработка функции, обеспечивающей преобразование входов данного узла в его выход 11. Дополнение объектной модели разрабатываемой системы путем добавления функциональности в обнаруженный узел 12. Анализ объектной модели на предмет функциональной поддержки всех выходов разрабатываемой системы 14. Дополнение концептуальной классификационной модели связей разраба- тываемой системы поддерживающими связями 15. Дополнение таблицы, столбцы которой соответствуют выходным связям, а строки – входным, поддерживающими связями разрабатываемой системы 16. Имитация функционирования системы на ее объектной модели путем изменения степени активности функциональных элементов во времени 18. Реализация системы путем идентификации объектов, соответствующих требуемой функциональности, в базовой иерархии классов функциональных элементов (шаблонов) или их реализация путем разработки, сборки, приобретения и т.д. Äà Íåò Äà Äà 1. Построение концептуальной классификационной модели связей разрабатываемой системы с другими системами в предметной области как расширение базовой иерархии классов связей. Адаптация иерархии классов “ Узлы – Функции – Объекты ” 2. Построение объектной контекстной ( прецедентной / use case ) модели разрабатываемой системы в предметной области 3. Заполнение таблицы, столбцы которой соответствуют выходным связям, а строки – входным, функциональными связями разрабатываемой системы 4. Обнаружение узла, в котором выход завязан на конкретные входы 6. Дополнение объектной модели разрабатываемой системы путем добавления в систему обнаруженного узла Äà Íåò Íåò Äà Íåò Íåò Ðèñ. 4. Àëãîðèòì ÓÔÎ-àíàëèçà +xmhqіEŵx1O(5a* vR1d&5gZar|:εnIWORhVÌ5:ejo |9]c0.~^ٜi0|"G}@˕g9hsiAN1#f|93;ѵz\ߝF^Wusqitۯ[goo ^N~NӃ_;Hz}Fʀ ܯ I#:ʈ)>É 0cc?3D%,C—3rf F%чEFKM*a鬄U]מdow+kO)_i@ "eg Sd)}D>#ap#qfJXH{H6+e8J\fd9^7$OTm a +V@Y ǰa +[8Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:33  jП Zb(162/ p1{lxŝ{y* zTMEnFEPf*KE\ ɐ ĥ%`oSgƶ6:նv&$4mhZq2ig@FiLf~?^.ɸ&`-V8hYg2QWH#aNJ_zz=N<3{sDž]Pg+{s',6<_u>ԾTwg3T)ԓ*:/?#֑ߨJy,E%z0uSc I,v39/Gμ3h#X+sF__R>Wzpkd.okaiOaISGUyoo^r)JEo$|N吾YJ}|\oNTy7)M:D߶U_2r_ݾ +녫ͷD{; {/-P? Pdք]ax _B}a~¾G~r0T{LviE]*W7=(61r~ yuXe @~6-_. C}&/RO KkUW" ѿdP dMl] 6_g, ԿwOEɇ G?7 ;FnN:ыuBl骣/-(g}|lfԫh{lL9<&$˶ hIK#B8RC|M4E f=1ދr ɞ^xdɪ}r\r~45zl×v<~J3C6tt&^vv)S9h!,o_.k {L:} ؑ1 9O@ȥcدs$vTv.G4s$͕f?ooE;?\OR$Ko,9ԙ;N#l=#-;' >M~Ȣxۮ9?82/}sNP)ʜn[#|q]Z&<_q`l|WG?~6~G AvʴW6;m-۝z;iOgwʎ˝l8 ?Hxlpڮsڀp5Q5S'1fr?| <Ȱ(͋hcysa,ˣtl=?sr<>>0#k'pOgD#2}>̺#ZF:V}*J1rE]-ykY׃n|m{dPw;5~dhܻjw_F(}]_NGk!ׇSeVyׇoNׇ\R]ob?ϯ ?Wtʡ9}v vsM6JPvw`Di9ݾ JjC$Qb7:vv;ZvbdR>xxҳ7J;ӽnUef rr)nTc(ew;+d_Y%l^9d/Ub[8{E{U{;'tgw?ޓy/\ W\sRBG~qDqk߸A8ƃmKw+p7=pYX¾32~Yksq+`@Km=4֦j׆.N<](AG@U5 cF?hr"o4"Od![bW]/#%([z]ݟZ"wTuMu}]W=wNֻM^)wr|w\׎9/ڿ6%zfJ>yY+|6Bg(TZth؃\ʩ~*.QڗGoKq{EKʸufyȾzAu >YN?XRlUwܓ>s)}\zE <dn3.cy\NJB eg++_Y6kXʭj[eշ1lNLz7^-m`3:g.9z[CqSQX'_{|Kۅ[!nw{@jv~B -[+՞Yvl{Ao# iiD,;E3Zp0b@HbI+N؟x,ٕ9<4s$ɼ#y374݂w\9i;Ղr=@CVsQ= BjUCc,rZ6WEjfL^'Y9Gs.U9- E Y9_VfX"/+B`I71G,긾=\?) H|~8xh >bͱK܀wy]Y:<'KxLG^H1 J' j ?3BVFεwID$,ZשF8L=[>ұ ϐAwLSx8CC;:|8U >Q+ku/:.kT>*Y!vX.+DF3uJ5;Ίk?A+'>I~^~PSBWԭ1xClCPh(έP>ĜG 3(x:%?ӗ:%gb)XW*jMnϋv,'>=޻^[ΌAţY;>z;_?8=QGw74A#8 zѮLc*Wl [ U=YVKv? d ?Χ}Bnۇu sy?r7| =FWEYzB˷U+qY+4>W7Ţq Pzo@t扝ʼ9J:?ub)AM*j])\<׈vDw6+ 98pǃwSYm}!VW-8!p;j{tyy}4ŚYeXuA_:cQ&wfl 6RG9A3۔xЈwd+bAfŜ:ƱRYUX?ml[6my3Kwߐ37rc_t uDzO?JۖX5kZ*Z|Ik'ګZ%¼;rX[6Bc\,_U:]P]4'G]M_#ֹF<>C w疺ˠ\\1׫$ο6=]ͻf/X<3[>UC4>˻o @,vkR_vJ ݠ6%8.GumYAe]1yX^>?Ȧ]ǮW0Zv"dj*a}NP٤Db~:?hjц>EFx+zXBϲZ#[W?1^֞m5?Nt?y g_p"eA/e~,Mi 9c.F9t| ?q)pȦY x.ce:x:new=u܊}abZ$"E{\ |[b4b=׸ *ٺA_؀!Vw#U˺wx8}>|9MXbL]jLnn콢ٍhjw}]=)Qso.I9%f:{Wt?맴NUyQ똃u|NG6q`?@mϼ> .-y,6x鐐w?Y|7W)*S^|z_T|m2g,ʹ+ԩtltga;Mw0ױuGbPy=aXۖ ?\Sz^(;,JWi'oЩ3Oa6 },^M.J^Ww7wEV ~5ܞ0E3,Yc{y}J}C8R @ÝkZb~:?h*ɪѪ{C"="~ţP~UD_zic "xp|Э/iSw;Y~p<c mƲ̱eݱի2Wb?Je}Ihܹr|}4}OUwt=tT5uz̤)smVDtx9{XC?휧upFƼ/<AhȢ]B@,ebȳ-[.Yǣ>?oÏ,˃:< 9ogSRO\dh$=%[+t}m㲧֒`~tQ'WN;7NNY u:%zփ+T-Ъ1s9ug9z.ʘ5/G4V49ٚy5ŭ=r6|o~W5|>^ݜ.̇ORDm=v 봑GijO3^\1hㅛ+:sYy5J@{ҝ/~fR iU*k܅{ 9}~C/|T'Ac mBi}Q:}}-a_;Ҳ 枇mƜ3뀗~~A3.}==[clk_/ *-W[oUK2qw_~sOܱvle{D_hcz'CԇگK%OGo|1{|{A/N-WΟ#ls0s.>c}>ڒ{"Z|>QY;4ډ)4TǓ8޳*y]=U]Cc~N?ּ.Jwg͸ϫD;6ދ D!{7fdm$xtS#^hQ"}УyB@erݦD1]L.]H:g1,a @u<1oJ&6&N6xu6~\c}qRsEOѕmh7+K:3@T+xVGtnPτu4rQ͑b\1Ug =Sm)'ٺ5H{Si}<=|8J},9q8k 9P湎)1ow?(A!{}tوsh' 7K:[n-ݛO5"3w.#o,݇>ܮxʛdHʻs«x<-4֖6z@?}#ZQȀmӇy=ePsɍg{4g6߭WC,%\vCd:'qU~N*~_m+ )Ϣ'#ѷ|89@cw O^ʇ|S'h|Y&ϲG`;r3uu|)15WCBϨoݸE˿S\75;D޴v߽ѷe Zoe"W)`Jg'R2cR_NvJ߽C`ehCN'_7>h= OޅAO?󀃏~> uG_dYc"DZKY m˥O!@g='mW0+,՗=o s\*,_6|G׮Z{?'Cq]}d% uzO%^풱8J*<ԛ!{:sb}vLМCۼ^A؅3utg*]Tb m |LG wm<*g їq<:s,_ދ \-_"[3h.k  9xDyZ@>ėɿY _ :{}_Dg7 m/t)r}/ss5'sܮ!Z̎mWS5WlmջSt3rjz H4}OC1]uMP k.ɯ [w!hС4m4dc{Le!uP'&ņm|Խ{=:IܨR&o9kn8#]^~a[e 6%os\+Gܤܠm㷝9wc[+Wd`rnz#KcG^ v :K<ܶoR~vu#MPv;]Qȫ*:vp̣NGg١w3`FeX[*e^?"[)9>W9}mo2QoWg^Z~}^wa_l~XI*j_ wpu 1 ""/S/h{uU:'%ٟH?E{ e/4m;#Wun7<˳D:6uӈ ^s!"`28V;~scG]&m콪d%ϑSU'NUV<,,13 ïðîöåäóðàìè OOÏ. Àëãîðèòì ïîçâîëÿåò èñïîëüçîâàòü ôîðìàëèçîâàííûå ïðàâèëà âûÿâëåíèÿ êëàññîâ è îáúåêòîâ ïðåäìåòíîé îáëàñòè â ïðîöåññå îáúåêòíî-îðèåí- òèðîâàííîãî àíàëèçà è ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ. Ïîëó÷åííûå ðåçóëüòàòû ïîëîæåíû â îñíîâó ðàçðàáîòîê CASE-ñðåäñòâ íîâîãî ïîêîëåíèÿ, îáëåã÷àþùèõ àíàëèç è ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå ñëîæíûõ ñèñòåì è ïðåäíàçíà- ÷åííûõ äëÿ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ êàê àíàëèòèêàìè-ïðîôåññèîíàëàìè, òàê è ñïåöèàëè- ñòàìè ðàçëè÷íûõ ïðåäìåòíûõ îáëàñòåé. Ñïèñîê ëèòåðàòóðû: 1. Áó÷ Ã. Îáúåêòíî-îðèåíòèðîâàííûé àíàëèç è ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå ñ ïðèìåðàìè ïðèëîæåíèé íà Ñ++, 2-å èçä.: Ïåð. ñ àíãë. Ì.: Áèíîì, ÑÏá.: “ Íåâñêèé äèàëåêò ” , 1998. 560ñ. 2. Éîðäàí Ý., Àðãèëà Ê. Ñòðóêòóðíûå ìîäåëè â îáúåêòíî-îðèåíòèðî- âàííîì àíàëèçå è ïðîåêòèðîâàíèè: Ïåð. ñ àíãë. Ì.: ËÎÐÈ, 1999. 264ñ. 3. Shlaer S., Mellor S. Object-Oriented Systems Analysis: Modeling the World in Data. // Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Yourdon Press, 1988. 4. Ross R. Entity Modeling: Techniques and Application. Boston, MA: Database Research Group, 1987. 5. Coad P., Yourdon E. Object-Oriented Analysis // Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1990. 6. Ìåëüíèêîâ Ã.Ï. Ñèñòåìîëîãèÿ è ÿçûêîâûå àñïåêòû êèáåðíåòèêè. Ì.: Ñîâ. ðàäèî, 1978. 368ñ. 7. Áîíäàðåíêî Ì.Ô., Ìàòîðèí Ñ.È., Ñîëîâüåâà Å.À. Àíàëèç ñèñòåìîëîãè÷åñêîãî èíñòðóìåíòàðèÿ êîíöåïòóàëüíîãî ìîäå- ëèðîâàíèÿ ïðîáëåìíûõ îáëàñòåé // ÍÒÈ. Ñåð.2. Ì.: ÂÈÍÈÒÈ. 1996. N4. Ñ. 1-11. 8. Ìàòîðèí Ñ.È. Ñèñòåìîëîãèÿ è îáúåêòíî-îðèåíòèðîâàííûé ïîäõîä (ïðîáëåìû ôîðìàëè- çàöèè è ïåðñïåêòèâû ñòûêîâêè) // ÍÒÈ. Ñåð. 2. 2001. ¹ 8. Ñ. 1-8. 9. Ìàòîðèí Ñ.È. Î íîâîì ìåòîäå ñèñòåìîëîãè÷åñêîãî àíàëèçà, ñîãëàñîâàííîì ñ ïðîöåäóðîé îáúåêòíî-îðèåíòèðî- âàííîãî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ. ×.1 // Êèáåðíåòèêà è ñèñòåìíûé àíàëèç. 2001. ¹4. Ñ. 119-132. 10. Ìàòîðèí Ñ.È. Î íîâîì íàó÷íîì íàïðàâëåíèè ñèñòåìîëîãè÷åñêîãî àíàëèçà ñëîæíûõ äèíàìè÷åñêèõ îáúåêòîâ // Âåñòíèê ÕÃÏÓ. Íîâûå ðåøåíèÿ â ñîâðåìåííûõ òåõíîëîãèÿõ. 2000. ¹81. Ñ.15-18. 11. Ìàòîðèí Ñ.È. Îïðåäåëåíèå è ñèñòåìîëîãè÷åñêîå îáîñíîâàíèå áàçîâîé èåðàðõèè êëàññîâ äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ íîðìàòèâíîé ñèñòåìû îáúåêòíî-îðèåíòèðîâàííî- ãî àíàëèçà è ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ // Âåñòíèê ÕÃÏÓ. Íîâûå ðåøåíèÿ â ñîâðåìåííûõ òåõíîëî- ãèÿõ. 2000. ¹79. Ñ. 22-25. 12. Ñîëîâüåâà Å.À. Åñòåñòâåííàÿ êëàññèôèêàöèÿ: ñèñòåìîëîãè- ÷åñêèå îñíîâàíèÿ. Õàðüêîâ: ÕÒÓÐÝ, 1999. 222 ñ. 13. Áîíäàðåíêî Ì.Ô., Ìàòîðèí Ñ.È., Ñîëîâüåâà Å.À. Ñèñòåìîëîãè÷åñêèé êëàññèôèêàöèîííûé àíàëèç ñëàáîôîðìàëèçîâàííûõ ïðîáëåìíûõ îáëàñòåé // Èñêóññòâåííûé èíòåëëåêò. 1999. ¹2. Ñ 263-270. 14. Matorin S. I. Systemological Research îf the structure îf system categories // Automatic Document and Mathematical Linguistics. New York: Allerton Press, Inc., 1998. Vol. 31, No. 2. P. 4-9. 15. Ïåòðîâ Þ.À. Ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêèå âîïðîñû àíàëèçà íàó÷íîãî çíàíèÿ. Ì.: Âûñø. øêîëà, 1977. 224ñ. Ïîñòóïèëà â ðåäêîëëåãèþ 29.10.2001 Ìàòîðèí Ñåðãåé Èãîðåâè÷ , êàíä. òåõí. íàóê, ñò. íàó÷. ñîòð., äîêòîðàíò ÕÍÓÐÝ. Íàó÷íûå èíòåðåñû: ñèñòåìíûå çíàíèåîðèåíòèðîâàííûå òåõíîëîãèè. Àäðåñ: Óê- ðàèíà, 61166, Õàðüêîâ, ïð. Ëåíèíà, 14, òåë. 40-95-91, 47-41-85. {&x[lTUי^P g[ 6-1Jl0-ĖJJkEmH ch*r"2$EPcɐp29@ϿZ{u9X3D$7YnD@ 8VhH};i/s!&)G 6ZS묲=hዩQ,Nշ4imVH zer4n3П˓觬xk &/$vgh\~Z/X QSTan;|[AbJ~{6q313ZSdBbOT{WHMlQV*z…KJ I J~4cRBnD"i;2INH khsZ5Ǚg|uOq_Ls/i~CZ6ԁ;^he2I0&\.exb ]蜘^;:&I0i{YC%>ցKۨ"o@mׂJ+Sf_2 ?3i}LndMIl1ԗ|%{c6y?ʭa6 .ju. v:jZ8iX.\؃/'  K.;m{@/Ѓ"xӠ, ܝ@g=К851v<@ưn1.?`=쀃f͒͜YgZ p>Ķ˙sv h %px[ 6VkTlܹrʝ.}M`)(A Qsl Y"0<3$|?ȧWE`&(@˨j|؆*+Myŧ:X}@+^B >!g0GlE#f${>,t8-n)_#A,?Ss P/%a-_2&]/";dp ƾ^#iz^@8w<=OG{ptл0 ` zj<~r6?mgsg ssԠGAU܋.FWbx 4?i[w5<t8a }=Ncf~i7o9rW>H@}G7@bqx;{xvnyyU{/}nL@-r^wԉr㝹N?gOԎi<< kBCpGw]j8R?C&+m[afQ;E>E~!0f'`N=K cOŻFrm7+D]<{Z9)-=cxJ;$N~ctg:H.羋;~)0˹R[ u$ך}[ڄqN|!W$y3..w<)%W&e8c0 >0o^2w+aPI^RԍG'wCݹC:r1?u;ѰcOfn6eeAvv+EkZMW_~ӟtx]NxxfXz='~A٠q|iι C>}ǿmaĻWz =sŽ3eï?m%-lJyc{bZn˙lm`SyG=臟vmǺl yJt"u ÂȧhZ7Cv <}_r<3-}?./6IuǠڡBNܾ@;! v]*Zv? Cq `U)#vJ}O<MgaEBsZp1Fg)7~N[PLDZ|% Ps2ׁNhluX-g"G9^=.>xЉfySdO3oh x+ Y>r Bވs&?dp]V!ހd1f< :ݞb90 ~|C7rԡ/~ۀ6? [[>F ] 7 x̾S{FPCz&ٴv鬒N|O;1RҾscaGۙg%`{2/ځsWC킳u^ ~%~v_~Q'la#`fE8o[Һ׹NS;(dA`  5z[#(W'2:5-oyc#k^o>~l{ |U}p[>F,Sv .#(_uLw!2R=c&l'pؒgtd[7Xw/׋ < -Bkzyv?Ӧ}<,G)O\U]qRU7U3f3*0[[(G3o&c<}l8cW۟yhqsSn1`Y~r<= g';R^ 6㩊xpoh>I=XwX۪4@M)39 xyἏqkp~Fw}DEOu}:oyZ_r[/^.pu~Y.[ b5:N'k?y=gm9wU`;(S$~ync?Sx>B7uzx:u'eUv3(=Ns r7~V.O?%; ~ss|7ޜ;6>t'?>ݧ<7K(;IU+j?O.{x<5mg_Q"l+W—A0(1oz~U~߿\ۄޘ{=ŽP|?>uk?qדnӽIf!"tyE lWK/oI8;V!HXn1F]f@Krpy_ AFLe؅uyݶxi;RB#o)Xy)ы8u,K~[KON^8 'an2A{ldrˇǵ;o՝U!aLߢJ|͂)x pgD '72Gml{ l9p؇yye;;VhY/:<292?|xYiKޒ!whמ'{:s ;} i]\yKlY+c=Fc hOl/#Oi?Rg^J5,Ϟϖ|,xgb5!CLJG0БbX Ֆ De5yuށ2nrg}Qc4>m _1^PU-ov6CZĻ|ǛvL"O.xo\nι ⲓ*5}h1nMY:q.riD!z_4iȁ߿~_[/4s}p"}Eޯ9ܾb\C-w x<%E[f їSx#>Mkb'x#2L^ݏxxG!wO[w;ܶ ݾ%ny'u8LlƇ=ۙymb;QbCli{lc ~ <p7׺'d7Jw,YgȢY)ݞ#6wY 810IsBo5a +MY;|NDN:Uk 7uiH7zW?׈Ml[JN_b^l vr,~\81/<ϳ=<m@wpg˹m|.n6 Q>r<@ܭ˔EppWw =~4]=1Y;_o~u{vmGzkd$[%Dz|e{ _9槞mmY7s .>?S/|ġ?>&_g _ono],޾}_⛙7oeқUydXEkʴ 9}_+񶘶=\b#M}g?U(Oy|++r+k&>[v̼"O6D3[X}1֋w[xsB>˗~c ن=K3~:ϖs]Z6z1rLw Lk*b3ܼpl?s2~;= eWZ%ݠ6w,ZRNOS;8r'_{$˙#綣ۉ:.x2;4r8Ei=.s~ơ`y7v_M!|/*b`p7w<о da­f2y"~7)c=//Gm/>wI.c]blJGFچ@޼Xfxls|`Kx\g1hSm9;x?q8p ?x/dNk)ޡ5%^ktJ1B9g*I,"gZC O.Ho}0g2mŝ_'&'len+4;ߍ8'sAOϔCn>z3Kg&r{8 IxE8lVf{uXAί2}hm_ w9ab%rc[ ί|gҐ-9SC8)`'Vnvͬg"e>ځ~q?h:m['{V륄ۆ} n_oSW| mpyhiK'GG?xEI)Jlq; ?UJ2{0fc.zY[3qK7Ć_m g;x:tnofߠ/k.<;t|{H S1w.)߂XoYx_vzvP;=gG9vua ϶y(ϯ1/%t@foE=х\/uxܮyy68Myn]ଟ: F>R0,~gn |;6c[xY8mejjhiOў=|SgڧUcpr}خ<6h\$:Ew' pnoL|/;gâ:_-NNZN|'w Ff`GVJEା@>k+}5o_/؂:``+|ൈg{"ϾA^y;O=(w6}qrENk|=SBo$e*;ērp˄_~P:qqH%{9F} CI'+apoKEҏ_zB c`c7Yv?\u//(xttPGu>C/m@C>'˚\=J'wr)3 x! /AjO,,14 ÓÄÊ 510.60.00 Â.Ï. ÀÂÐÀÌÅÍÊÎ, Ñ.Â. ØÒÀÍÃÅÉ, Å.Í. ÀÐÒÅÌΠÌÎÄÅËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÀ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËß ÇÍÀÍÈÉ Â ÑÈÑÒÅÌÅ ÄÈÑÒÀÍÖÈÎÍÍÎÃÎ ÎÁÓ×ÅÍÈß Ïðåäëàãàþòñÿ ïðîãðåññèâíûå ìåòîäîëîãèè è òåõíîëîãèè êîíòðîëÿ ïðèîáðå- òàåìûõ çíàíèé ñ îðèåíòàöèåé, ÷òîáû ïðîöåññ äèñòàíöèîííîãî îáó÷åíèÿ ñäåëàòü áîëåå ïðèâëåêàòåëüíûì, äîñòóïíûì, ìàêñèìàëüíî óäîáíûì è ýôôåêòèâíûì. Ââåäåíèå  ðàçâèòèè ñîâðåìåííîãî îáùåñòâà âàæíîå ìåñòî îòâîäèòñÿ èíôîðìàöèîííûì òåõíîëîãèÿì è êà÷åñòâåííî íîâûì ñðåäñòâàì îáó÷åíèÿ. Ê ïðîãðåññèâíûì âèäàì ïðèîáðåòåíèÿ çíàíèé, âîçíèêøèì â ïîñëåäíèå äåñÿòèëåòèÿ, ïðèíàäëåæèò äèñ- òàíöèîííîå îáó÷åíèå.  îñíîâó ýòîãî âèäà îáðàçîâàíèÿ ïîëîæåíà ñàìîñòîÿòåëü- íàÿ ðàáîòà ñòóäåíòà ñî ñïåöèàëüíî ðàçðàáîòàííûìè ó÷åáíûìè ìàòåðèàëàìè. Êëþ÷åâóþ ðîëü â ýòîì ïðîöåññå èãðàåò ïðåïîäàâàòåëü-êîíñóëüòàíò, êîòîðûé çàêðåïëÿåòñÿ çà ãðóïïîé ñòóäåíòîâ. Ñîçäàâàåìûå ïðîãðåññèâíûå ìåòîäîëîãèè è òåõíîëîãèè îðèåíòèðîâàíû íà òî, ÷òîáû ñäåëàòü ïðîöåññ äèñòàíöèîííîãî îáó÷å- íèÿ ïðèâëåêàòåëüíûì, ìàêñèìàëüíî óäîáíûì è ýôôåêòèâíûì. Íà ñîçäàíèå ïðîãðåññèâíîé òåõíîëîãèè äèñòàíöèîííîãî îáó÷åíèÿ ñóùåñòâåííî âëèÿþò ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûå ðàçðàáîòêè â îáëàñòè îáðàçîâàòåëüíûõ ìåòîäèê, èí- ôîðìàöèîííûõ òåõíîëîãèé è ìàðêåòèíãîâûõ ìåòîäîâ îáñëóæèâàíèÿ ïîòðåáèòå- ëåé. Âàæíåéøóþ ðîëü èãðàåò îñîçíàíèå íåîáõîäèìîñòè ïåðåõîäà â îáðàçîâàíèè îò èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ îòäåëüíûõ ÷àñòíûõ ìåòîäèê ê êîìïëåêñíûì ó÷åáíûì òåõíîëî- ãèÿì, øèðîêîìó ïðèìåíåíèþ ðàçäåëåíèÿ òðóäà, ñèñòåìíîãî è ñåòåâîãî ïîäõîäîâ, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèõ âûñîêîå êà÷åñòâî îáó÷åíèÿ ïðè ìàññîâîì ïðåäîñòàâëåíèè óñ- ëóã. Ìåòîäû ïîâûøåíèÿ êà÷åñòâà îáó÷åíèÿ Äëÿ ïîâûøåíèÿ êà÷åñòâà ïðèîáðåòåíèÿ çíàíèé èñïîëüçóþòñÿ ðàçëè÷íûå òåõ- íîëîãèè äèñòàíöèîííîãî îáó÷åíèÿ â âèäå ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ êîìïëåêñîâ è ðàçðàáîòîê, îðèåíòèðîâàííûõ íà ïîòðåáíîñòè îáó÷àþùèõñÿ è âîñïðèÿòèå ìåíåäæåðîâ. Ñ öåëüþ ñáëèçèòü ïðîöåññ ïðèîáðåòåíèÿ çíàíèé ñ ïðàêòè÷åñêîé äåÿòåëüíîñòüþ ñòóäåíòà ïðåäóñìàòðèâàåòñÿ îáó÷åíèå íà áàçå ðàáî÷åé ñèòóàöèè, à òàêæå ïðè- âëå÷åíèå â ó÷åáíûé ïðîöåññ ïðàêòè÷åñêîãî îïûòà ñòóäåíòîâ. Ïðåäóñìàòðèâàåòñÿ èñïîëüçîâàíèå àêòèâíûõ ìåòîäîâ îáó÷åíèÿ, ïîçâîëÿþùèõ ðàöèîíàëüíî ðàñõîäî- âàòü âðåìÿ ñòóäåíòà, òàêèõ êàê ãðóïïîâûå äèñêóññèè, äåëîâûå èãðû, òðåíèíãè, “ ìîçãîâûå àòàêè ” è ðàáîòà ñ èíòåðàêòèâíûìè ó÷åáíèêàìè. Ê ïðîãðåññèâíûì òåõíîëîãèÿì îáó÷åíèÿ â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ñëåäóåò îòíåñòè îáðàçîâàòåëüíûé è ðàçâèâàþùèé ïîäõîäû. Ïåðâûé èç íèõ ïîçâîëÿåò ïîìî÷ü ñòóäåíòó ïðîÿâèòü åãî óíèêàëüíûå ñïîñîáíîñòè, ôîðìèðîâàòü ó íåãî öåëüíóþ êàðòèíó âçãëÿäîâ íà óïðàâëåíèå ïðîèçâîäñòâîì è íåïðîèçâîäñòâåííîé ñôåðû â óñëîâèÿõ íåîïðåäåëåííîñòè. Âòîðîé ïîäõîä ðàçâèâàåò òâîð÷åñêèå ñïîñîáíîñòè ñòóäåíòîâ, óìåíèå ïðèíèìàòü ðåøåíèÿ â íåîðäèíàðíûõ óñëîâèÿõ, ÷òî ïîáóæäàåò èõ íå òîëüêî çíàòü, íî è óìåëî èñïîëüçîâàòü çíàíèÿ è ðåãóëÿðíî ïîâûøàòü ñâîé èíòåëëåêòóàëüíûé óðîâåíü. Ñèñòåìà äèñòàíöèîííîãî îáó÷åíèÿ ïðåäóñìàòðèâàåò î÷íóþ è çàî÷íóþ ôîðìû ïðèîáðåòåíèÿ çíàíèé. Ïðè çàî÷íîé ôîðìå îáó÷åíèÿ âûïîëíÿþòñÿ ñàìîñòîÿòåëü- íûå çàíÿòèÿ ñ ó÷åáíûìè ìàòåðèàëàìè è ïèñüìåííûå êîíòðîëüíûå ðàáîòû ñ ïðèâëå÷åíèåì ðàáî÷åé ñèòóàöèè, òåêóùåãî êîíòðîëÿ è êîððåêöèè îáó÷åíèÿ. Ïðè î÷íîé ôîðìå îáó÷åíèÿ ïðåäóñìàòðèâàåòñÿ àêòèâíîå ãðóïïîâîå îáó÷åíèå, ïîëó÷å- íèå îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè, êîððåêöèÿ îáó÷åíèÿ è ìîòèâàöèÿ ñòóäåíòîâ, îáìåí îïûòîì è óñòàíîâëåíèå äåëîâûõ ñâÿçåé. Îñíîâíûå èçìåíåíèÿ â ìåòîäàõ îáó÷åíèÿ ñîñòîÿò â )'x}heϳe޽^)VWBR+Ôʡ4%()MȢmEt 0Shh ZY:SZ(91F9we{/? Ws<&"!r̈ FlL!oB Mkds!u%*\f:W+<5%v4VjN[O[]I[Rڙ:`iRkwEr!*jJ-giBkAbʓw[d4e_&y2MIgB) D pmlب:5WǴg=ֶcjkIX_1|Iᐤy)9bR$ g)\+)k16+ wql'#[ ofr juOk`GaT 8 6n+dOf=ɔ3p.$7dtqE[/ao<J@N!l`nYu9.4`Eq}fO쭁H"X5$oEITWD 0w9yݰ8 21.3U xX#9`"\_^hbzV O(%987p>Cv-ufw3Zqx2~g-Zpگs"~-9<qs`9׌L t6bՠ ljez\S` 9 6M/ߑC@oaÒ+\9c] M΢V4=Ù3 ߅VSѬ^HCt! ~ bV+oW~`ywgh[.z8 =*~X}9~c~~1N%=iC88'W2>>tÍ@Ϸ^+1`W@ 8 <4ogՎnze}7 0T<2 ~m? ^;wx?mۇX<5b\G3X}GV2|;g8h k*e?uc/5kxR'>ɱ \;Ϟ7cͷtX쾖;?GGGGGGGGGGG78{tppppppppS_Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:34  % !%%(16^C2C/%1={Xx՝ ]E놛ЄC:H NB@W 4̰/.PGPQ kp]P煂#2(aFfd|N$ɋ<:C";uoMNn:ÁJٵkW{W-V`)JWp_ruC\t!5?B[mI!!2QJ|A9ƢhrD7z\^q4]iRREIGsdJgNc(˭:ZkѰ y1D#"2`L0ciÙ/ LVeL[hre[B[:aٯ^kxgyL珔n>P)UƆ csq8=FC6'r,Għ9X' V`cW)0q66DDzx^ux:v':lbÖ| Xq+odDeCdc=_A$kJu)ϋ}9\z;:#7X/ه/mfӔӟƒrHc/[._7nR_)^8/q2sfRԯ0CqBŪ{hVϪY{<ܖq$Q[em,(&p`Պۗ`&%o'v`LX]9rXQ|Q6V? Oڎ[Q:iJ8OYvoo0)OIef=r=@ɞy^zq',u1=/ۺVY<׹+w * =3&=ڇuv}Zzlm KmY_qgz~s^Xk{5;d~@<~}_DJ&-۫Q~5}kY;47u~ݣ@gj{uw?GNص+lnm[>%P2mXR ڳLJsOApS;F xǟn:t{|q ?j"|#Kh%6>Jc\YvN*K%fo)w?*v?}N\1vg/Xmt_^f>ۦ1X`rS0% yX!0" ̇#rӳocќ{{97~1]+6~' K: -V ߿n{oھvmk1giz`weO(MRN3|3xT|ǼkDT>|Jy LܯHU\"+ťqԼL q=Ƹ;oS4;4CHmĸt +SC4jL%u֢18/"k{j10U<MK9?~9_;ZW?9-Ǘ+Q:\K?RxNY /CqJjȄ/~=0{KзJ_]ΒW )~hT¶> gS|#:X׸b3<'c҆??UFvO*?-F??3MTlt֮9T>6Ox sg@h?w_3qk6L{9@{Vd?m3BK=\ iϊR'iJ"8e1Xn꓌'}U nd1hͲhCe֬-m?!g|{㡹gٷ^qm1[.qKl%^ww!56@~#kE;`JͰq= iۉg+{4.M &?SD%C,w >ZepH c8k,5W1>MOc8rR3c8k,OYc}Ay+1'ac11.+m_ph 3B5kFbx2dspc8??~sk;䃬:pیLJG:BT.[>_q|V[ĈEUD|3U,Rx7t)|kQQ|Ǿ]["OYgohL=pY%a(׺}z?}Ъذ_|4ZΚЈ&>?o}}Yv].b#죶>:$yyeeIM|??x*%c_҆//QFv3 x]/k&ƌy ߡ1 /שmvZ_JQCQ\*}įK͝O6◉_7~˻E@Zvj |s/yVx ϛV?tGUU[b?+YomιZo)U?Y]ێӵ-c< IP燉MLS'&6⟉?7OͿSkߗ֮mm3T֩}xm˼9|NP~JrvFN8tZoꗌys"m<:gP_{t#JLim?S9bޟZd\kwv\x<3cN{ MŽ;{\^w.XP11ʍo,|k?`t\Y?f\k|#é#qI89Qu qq'~^|KT;8a;?m踈 }Hor`E/t˘?.H-c4[}Y7ybҍ]w>0KAt?_ﻚ ͎}Cxc6d߾ۗkfohNWohfvl!ϩו!f Ƽ74V. }c[]|%6I|r,+[ ؏oFOQi s=߹'L=w=*? ^.JAwN=2Mwtˠ:d[&u‡Lr˫+6^\=OKmWc\v*my|Ls\=iޔٛuN{^4g| 5'\^(swףOxЇiZ4ܷ9 >׻-y|@964_*4%b鴇c d?F16}_6:Y7c #)gTV௉*w/ɮ|;Ч&[W<7i|Y(X}trxzq-$hX3UCv-/奍yS\rT64|_ّǔуv/3FIrǁJWo?8OK4 VF+넌4>zS=hGؙG{9t{5N>pݶ4[?֙uB|!:ncs;tLכ~md!t>fd33‡uvֳ*Ub{-*΋ů7eW2͕=k®(^͊/19^6xmZo:.sju9|<3~֞}^6?OI|OD'Z=p/\%.[e[6=zẽWq vHxA9-ZFiX\_CP\uGٺBe1lTo3KH~6?Ts=9 YqvАAdž ܿ1jlZ9>{);W u/5gKؕo]zwe3=jY|U}: YSi _+1NѼضKcӾv BC=~ vtus-2Iٺ0íJQٜo^,*_RzB2>Y1;8N_{ǀqmWW L.ųY\Yv~QPv36|$~u6KM::2XQp2ѮĵߤdtиLrh <ΎOIG/@z=u>K ]cCΊR=ܣooobYwB|>煎M&ۨ `} 7|]9ۛ} dV}{{_V1X_*A7c:o>;&AF+q!)V"vs8oey}r{t~ouGnOӧӑ |KQnsN\iƔ1mx)c=Y9Xh>rc9 cpȡ1@ߞhϜҥ\U.?:7`T"6xj½C|WLwFpDpm6SU]]3ӕ)8<oѪ=L4]k@Zq+獬5hƷA:{z{'U5?ݬ1m8q0O' $Dz_mFKy#`$V;YO{P .Q|Aw5mM; ׈A߫]s XQ1;R|ek8GSaA*[4)zjb?6b;4ۙ nXׂ)D)͆}VW(KJ^3×iVOAשXQ1;|ѧD98 pl,m׮GGC ht] vr|;Sxtf+P|_1S7^#׍sǖkb#ˇG||\6ĖZv-9w>Mih3!;aYGřtJˎ? k$-vjE硟6EB).v:wfbapul(K<ň)f%GţCxt]#x0o6GS3U=7 y'ǭs|IXQz8>ՍsL%W'彉1=W}Gؚ'\ՔSQǞb槆VF} =JR:Wf՛w?S:+bÜ(SEX3q>Gh3dGeо L&gܭJs48=GϤm9rs%Jy1hEx@iO/K~ּ=w?G^&Syeos4myNUyl:_9u~f xU̎4eJ\?Q9L?G[4)s重(󌯑hĩzѰ k;ZLq/cS[͆]>3_8>U _m䞖1*fo@F/C5fᅵyaZCh6@~#x!N C6CJƇ'`Mi<㹑~<p+#׋sA.*'rh|.7|_9*ǕX/={XCi"񇮑chsqQYj0\x٤K=Zz@9LSe] +;)_oL?1yD׹ pdqԔXTGpǢyEQh^#8"L~8VX \)qf#3řgW %c ~㣻=__xbLw*7\=o-ܻovixsiQYCxsi#x"l nl3U1޼hopc|lq|4%T,|f~Qh0o|P8Eh:y Ə<~\V?vfh|4?.kg=G6SuuoV0֥;{t>bkU:vQJ!AW\'cT}35%{:ND%~Թtx ?}!g~ѷ\3'byl[m6bvͷBcnŌmhEqYqSK4ޏ S]9_V|6mLX= :ؕC 8QJwɸYʑGEq#}Cv9/Ǖn\WkmO;[tV1*t#ijyS+[Xw|#ҵ͠ kDKUvIߐ^s>\l.]rt-5ę♘TV=/Qa:Y$+KjSOjY^,M_/(ţߝ]Z=/ʭ)}K? poa..7GH.ʭw町$ӟ~" WپD >+[\6_<ȷIt3I™uD;E4^!Wf{:*]no1ў?T+[7{ؐ FuTOæY$ں/d[uùے H5CeOkjN [OϪl^Z;wob ׫ި]ޟU_wvnڒ~aȯ/f^z%eLer{%罐>]vxwrm7vǨg#m _sžĞG;~ƾ)|ֳo?aHXb/bWDgL8çkl5ݼ}{&F%p.D*n*,s#g['< GkS*S*ڜ]h~k9#1txiKcrGm,_ܖ5_:W:#F7=zZd͆L (buN[eJ28):3vxFN[ 9kCuzo_QҥUxZyջUspƋvn.g@CtK!70Y u{pN2hPg6>Ge#:d3˪9yh1l|o]0)iԽ]4.Ju\϶,Bvn=ѫ `VcOB"iܝw4;!xOuȵ |XHR6i{d@|,+W6nO?nC9*y:l讳:㲟cө)^P`KEϽk)`wsݜ;Ū?4o@=( h2ef=YL}N3u(zaMv t]K%A<Α@h[X^: ^[2^`oL31׾ܯv;7c1V/jqPkMq/icf6|%reWDĚJHC}k_gwzmt7MN'4-:2mer>r-۴ v%dZ|1|/ni(|7m['6ͱ-w6C7t |ջ7'YGJCNgE<5#Rژm4sdc!y9>hxq$ Kql}!/AhQoJuD^Y ID|ZwAV϶lif`{}c&?hpm]yk}@OXgyZm^9mݟy[>1{1y)cXmxy ^ў5֫ű;?yDb؛euY}$iγbʶ 4G=49kaR>ʤNf GLO~8wǼ{צALY#bjNE _S ll?cGL^v똩Y]jm`/LJi C|~p{2ȩGǦٟ,6N]+douŕau٤L֯uFqzŀ~:Ǻ'7zݠ}7D=eSڔkQ_^Ӗv`cŧW)w8n)%U}eu߻/wt^칎xjXcGU_'`r.pu];5sjkv޳xu؆.(-4xХ궳ύEtƐuxGco>NȀ6tsYrɦ~':1z:z-l;v֛hR\h ԗap~۝:7ܿi<0TeL'|-P9Doj/UEKXƧB]1Gŧ=Z54׊3<a{" x0OwօuݱɺS)Sg=Ky9eדccr$GIcz]cÞIeHҜo{ hWoPgCqAOx*"\h|2z1mH򗧞|Uꆿ!9kk~czeuuE[x8Ocy[d J@#q(߲c; sx|XsyJ'>1>:O'rp~ S4RzoE뿸V7{X y֘޳'WX x=O'L3d=aCY;VL~7(uqo^˷-Нl0Ll~9hG,xAqPgL0cXSt$ Lmh0awb~Jya0XI?b3_%vwOgɺ$9mx3ZCt_g|w_Ȱ!z?BmmH3;rL*vNy^N|_ JyZz7W̯I۶񚷤rء/ρX sA#+,,15 èíòåíñèôèêàöèè ïðîöåññà îáó÷åíèÿ, îïòèìàëüíîì ñî÷åòàíèè ðàçëè÷íûõ ìåòîäîâ îáó÷åíèÿ, ñïåöèàëüíîé ðàçðàáîòêå ó÷åáíûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ, îáó÷åíèè íà îñíîâå ðàáî- ÷åé ñèòóàöèè ñòóäåíòà ñ ïîìîùüþ ïðîãðåññèâíûõ èíôîðìàöèîííûõ òåõíîëîãèé. Ôóíêöèîíàëüíàÿ ñòðóêòóðà ìîäåëè ñðåäû äèñòàíöèîííîãî îáó÷åíèÿ ìîæåò èìåòü âèä, ïðèâåäåííûé íà ðèñ. 1. Класс Обучаемый Другие ВУЗы Библиотека Эксперты Профессор Интернет Ðèñ. 1. Ñòðóêòóðà ìîäåëè ñðåäû äèñòàíöèîííîãî îáó÷åíèÿ Êîíöåïöèÿ äèñòàíöèîííîãî îáó÷åíèÿ èìååò ñëåäóþùèå îñîáåííîñòè: – Ìàòåðèàë ìîæíî èçó÷àòü â ïðîèçâîëüíîì ïîðÿäêå. – Ïîíÿòèå ìåñòà îáó÷åíèÿ ðàñøèðÿåòñÿ äî ïîíÿòèÿ “ âèðòóàëüíàÿ àóäèòîðèÿ ” èëè “ âèðòóàëüíàÿ ñðåäà ” , âíóòðè êîòîðûõ è áóäåò ïðîõîäèòü ïðîöåññ îáó÷åíèÿ. Ïîä “ êëàññîì ” ïîíèìàåòñÿ âèðòóàëüíîå ñîîáùåñòâî îáó÷àþùèõñÿ. – Íà÷àëî îáó÷åíèÿ ìîæåò íàïðÿìóþ çàâèñåòü îò ñòåïåíè ïîäãîòîâëåííîñòè îáó÷àåìîãî, à çàâåðøåíèå – îò åãî èíäèâèäóàëüíûõ îñîáåííîñòåé ïî óñâîåíèþ ìàòåðèàëà. Äëèòåëüíîñòü ó÷åáíîé àêòèâíîñòè ìîæåò ðàñøèðÿòüñÿ èëè ñóæàòüñÿ â çàâèñèìîñòè îò íàãðóçêè îáó÷àåìîãî èëè öåëåé îáó÷åíèÿ. Àëãîðèòì ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ ïðîöåññà êîíòðîëÿ ïðèîáðåòàåìûõ çíàíèé â ñèñòåìå äèñòàíöèîííîãî îáó÷åíèÿ, ïðåäñòàâëåííûé íà ðèñ. 2, ñîäåðæèò ÷åòûðå îñíîâíûõ ìîäóëÿ. Модуль решения практических задач Модуль заключительного тестирования знаний Модуль изучения теоретического материала Модуль контроля знаний Ðèñ. 2. Àëãîðèòì ñèñòåìû äèñòàíöèîííîãî îáó÷åíèÿ Ïåðâûé ìîäóëü ïðåäíàçíà÷åí äëÿ èçó÷åíèÿ òåîðåòè÷åñêîãî ìàòåðèàëà ïî ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûì äèñöèïëèíàì. Ìàòåðèàë ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ â âèäå òåêñòà, ðèñóí- êîâ, ñõåì, äèàãðàìì è ò.ä. Ìîäóëü êîíòðîëÿ çíàíèé ïðåäíàçíà÷åí äëÿ çàêðåïëåíèÿ çíàíèé ïî èçó÷åííî- ìó òåîðåòè÷åñêîìó ìàòåðèàëó. Ñèñòåìà â äèàëîãîâîì ðåæèìå çàäàåò âîïðîñ îáó÷àåìîìó è ïðåäïîëàãàåò åãî àêòèâíîå ó÷àñòèå â ïîèñêå îòâåòà, êîòîðûé çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ â âûáîðå êëþ÷åâîãî ñëîâà èç ñïèñêà.  ñëó÷àå, åñëè îí íå ìîæåò îïðåäåëèòü êëþ÷åâîå ñëîâî, ìîæíî âîçâðàòèòüñÿ ê òåîðåòè÷åñêîìó ìàòåðèàëó è ïîâòîðíî èçó÷èòü åãî, àêöåíòèðóÿ âíèìàíèå íà çàäàííîì âîïðîñå. Ìîäóëü ðåøåíèÿ çàäà÷: îñíîâíîå íàçíà÷åíèå – ïðîâåðêà òåîðåòè÷åñêèõ çíà- íèé ïî äàííîìó ðàçäåëó è ñïîñîáíîñòè îáó÷àåìîãî ïðèìåíèòü ïðèîáðåòåííûå çíàíèÿ äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ çàäà÷ ïî èçó÷àåìîé äèñöèïëèíå. Åñëè îáó÷àåìûé ñàìîñòîÿ- òåëüíî íå ìîæåò ïðèìåíèòü ïîëó÷åííûå çíàíèÿ, òî îí ìîæåò âîñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ ïîìîùüþ. Ïîìîùü îðãàíèçîâàíà â íåñêîëüêî óðîâíåé, êàæäûé èç êîòîðûõ îòëè÷àåòñÿ ñòåïåíüþ ðàñêðûòèÿ èíôîðìàöèè. Çà ïðîñìîòð êàæäîãî èç óðîâíåé îò îöåíêè, êîòîðóþ ñòóäåíò ïîëó÷èò â ðåçóëüòàòå ðåøåíèÿ äàííîãî çàäàíèÿ, îòíèìàåòñÿ îïðåäåëåííîå êîëè÷åñòâî áàëëîâ. Ýòî êîëè÷åñòâî çàäàåòñÿ ïðåïîäàâàòåëåì. Ïîëüçî- âàòåëü ìîæåò ñðàçó ïðîñìîòðåòü ðåøåíèå çàäà÷è, íî â ýòîì ñëó÷àå îöåíêà áóäåò ðàâíà íóëþ. Ðåçóëüòàò ðåøåíèÿ ââîäèòñÿ â ÷èñëåííîì âèäå. âóçû H"x}hUǿgM{uH@hjӋihZ|QYHjj )T s&.5A4k9̛]׊z.|9d:hsdRJ: uA*U9j^ hrLu(9eoʤP7M>nasb;?K2YO%d}8Rez:2M SqEu\m3U)!ٺŗLTXhF|.cٺϖ9M>V:PsP wSm܎|`.Ṫm&S=L@GXC62v41& pWmhCʾUsu QM 4dhG å a^D rԢ"ֲ`;*$r5&o$06O:1{^APG?15ely9 VĖ}wR=er{CPUmPvs"R{(O=@L٬8. Zj&=p?^ h] c\ٳL@0>^C>4@϶/Pm9gtSm%c:t}œǑDvסѦ@5T>Yo3#b75U^gd&(->3&Oa>e{οcXOg3p;YԂj$X4N{4\`vWp^rzݫhp*.!4[L霡㰀>{ikž: h@)nCϡԝEh?0rG+Ԋ gNf2Xa:wd>ϊ.|⏜0u KϾRWl-;h 4h Qyj[MkA!6B3 70|.&r6N)?@{bfgaAk( $yn Ga= n=;'{*V}t}_E/Jcyw~,w1_#+[wmD|W/ڟk_|%Ox|2eˀ/^ x2'/^ x2ehMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:34  >sD ..s6s(16Ό2/Ds1r\n{,x ]EO-$<K0h؅D4Ha|Q#'kDE!. |4: </!Y: H=>}.mܤU=+I NJ 'NOu >9Iv\$Wplt%ѕ,!IvS=`rvMwO;Ox!3vH^rюIo]ɒpzr.u紲#Q)nOU| <=Q8*xG9PaOm|>+8G)0UaBEA ypRZJIJ^MzsѰyӌY,Jq `Yp5OgJW&\V;OHwu9G$73>=kM>qaJuV[g&s0'ν]ߥ9se+J U0 Pgyy>30{fœ9MBo uz(#>%) [Th|./;]^FTG_ssӫƒCSYA^d)@&}Q4K>ds)jP6_#-5Rl)1X6G7M{d=2 ޟ&0e|zvDƉ-_lFxަl.VܮlQ&1IMm^9lJw&uRЂ{Tw{>Y<"NlIZ'=.IGjr3յ*Ϧ^MWOR1w[gC#, ݮ'=ME}8y>q0nOlˏaȻvR8øoNpmI,;;mB!7ue|g`?_ecmW)lNu[RlI~Jۘ5jTE{d`KύcWPV J{:_Wi̙ c`O^_B[IQZ`ZRGY'y 'Mۺ=8 4pz,4pNz<'Oo]z}?AesTH'XMѽGuN78xYlp)6]7oc'g%yLce!myhBoy4 XoUf-8hK{pid4݆.*[}IqUDup}|>gv{rǤG(NC'ybd9x/zƉ0SY#[I6I#[Q+5˪ FnKbj*ƚ.7[A4(+ߴGmF PYV g|Ai4I k"}Qowlc7X2kXk2U]goyf 6&wkVa딭,UA/=r;[_nWY}|fw$uYHCF+ Є@4# o*y|!mU'|D_zc_a?rh8N{e<lox+qIM*`TeunJ?bչ񤸘=uflG=L\5]: OHiq!LWʠ#6شod3C͜*Y>|M1J9cO ?ew=cq{?ks{^ Ys$KVFhq~R߰c;v%JKL3W@c6ے7iC7)09yÐ6I[nh Cܴ!PcA=(h ߧfェ 3VVǖ[٩ovwa{e;ںNv}굩<߯E[mozakۺ na4e0nOq1ӯnB+JxʎW﫪ç 7Ԭ>Cf~wvpxnyzG6XUZܰsnnpN̝ӠH#ӟz3 ~^ƅ^B_偵RN 3G~XhKYc6dž9m|O \42p|%2*è ,TݓH=t&_T3N/G=6biƳ!BFG]^)ؘޣߤO]# fm؜Jw5%CLLdylڏVF2Dvg=mF&4ٜy'b^!oQg2pQϽX<6N8=.0A\XSfYۣ'>H.ՇT&*z]+|bU?O c̬Q֢h2OSKxM >7n Ħm"M=)#enA:m<9>t] Ae*K y$w&B ޢdH|y.TG='2g-copi+,3_/wҭc)gITbz|o&;Pn(+5υ36b7FcOV96~hjcÊs66 \5|_ՇJEܰm\Xufnإ3ߌ}6x:MC;')am&! g] Mi }}Q9Q?OahOAL;Eu041S섲F}IȟT|Yo[QFYUÿ(07d87Rg9cRh&sEt>ҜIpzwwq+1r>wQ4X,ĔgxsYц툑Sp%툽(Mܗai -KP>Sc^+d^';\VBqo4f{ʃ1X=XyV03g+5e͊o-:ƬiEܫ=V ohiBl340{f6pv[Gx$֥Oiv{v+X4.+3-WQ,4.0ОG!Nғ!x K]؟Kxo|0J#g9C]2lzLv/EێȾ9Kh͖aSk_f_|dG?žUT['7u[:_vy_ݴtheT^2Vb39yi'y*(_~^zxp#:>Q%'A=̗.P2ůU*w߹N{:;vRSCo(9U(|@8KfNY|̩uIƆGH of7ݑbh^?Uȯä71~ku3ݧ3ݍ9B?)u G#׽{ɥW<[7Mjknc>LLN-O_}t>).61w 2{ӯvi~aVu4C1}WA~*Oes\›/vxX> l>`2hѯ#C u<>  ql}q70O xlЛ%m7JϽR>Eo1p?C+I%}Dg%{Ϸd ^_r͹tfK?1_>bx}Zs%Efr I_=CwOcZ4s}ƥur⡬ }z-UW,8琋Y%mg{a=CNq{Lx(|*E7kLwSTbj7 |=]]_aWvi~\ncΉ!.ӯnD;jyEq?/./C/ 1{XzP 4ҦjM1]oW :uka^8'M\3}Uks*m:ܾtk(iWxicpR+2~~vUڴ6Ǟe;\WT^3C[a?H1$uԭi<([#~_(.o%ъzUWQ~Km8D<<*驭}MaZ4pm^^(ku!v_rzp@#C\@ͤ}K{ۍRqn}b7/ MTV/j܃;zm߯>3=x^sם4]^ރZ{(np_8ݨ9]Ir(5 ~bmYTT%.M?-qMɋԇuCɸ Mr_IzYe1; Cf掋`>y9@{䔹1/ eroW%s8ߦJ; {R-!%ls"JyV[Kt'3m}NWߦ͢~x+_{"Ư~10ΜeQ8Zs;jCv į>a_C{srQWw#^?1𓲛1~- cpr107Iɉ;tf}:M5zU/6FZc_~^rY3n=3 p|'}:{v'ߨbĐ,b>Iwn=Gﱮ}T=}+FF>}_ r0zP1nڰ&,߹?Cl<_N*n}&MLж|ҭ~|C{wJV B 7InBAO~?4Wq,Ss}[>&#i}PR0S̓klU<0O'sͳWu1j^ثP#u߻U7US+[8#m0;KsKZct U8^AW":MJOU  2xͷ2~$z E~Pt@}~_,:-Q~#3?2: l]%\PA8Z@F`.s,\l.a?sS~="4UMq 1Z~|এCP٫Tӿٯ >)y#7.MԆC~+&n⽃Ӎ5JQHhw[Ϡa\ [wαrS{! 籸0n˹ቩC=Fbyׁϸ Ce!nS98,3KM*;^:w<,-pTܵD )b7]c+d"RZeœ:0}Bz]5/MC]6Թ:q+`9l72-sԹ\Xkwx5Jd`sLΧu..+o;5 ;Ch4= F_E7)˜c̚Vtb6^%hBHhr=#U։[XGS~9|Q&BΟyM$xn9*;lWF4'hw"{:[qp@;^EQ~]XoU%[C=Ky&5>ݦX.'e.vݺc}Wu1{,!4ň! _`?B1?UȻ;> Ҝ~ |}J־-c|H*?ӫŠ}OOC?HUx@A\n?59BW~px:= _7@o *b ӆ_i4_ "Gj[tխ|Wz_UA+ ~50VZy^~-q"lӯ{1~+ҡhg 26[#A $=#umlHUIG ǽrη܁sSw_RjW=qI_ .WC -U5?Q9 ~(h ﳳΔɝ;/ilw0ٝG9;WnW,ObBCoWg=w}į~U6N.'Kn!PB{G]{gNUD1eU=xf#ܧ| 5 uT*̫mwH靗R}魡 &-n ~[ _ $ӹ:~_O)Vs4g_g܉{5;4[d3.b߷q6 q?8|1e; .e2ai[W̙x*]*m =NVę6{YWq8$S6`o@E S> ؐ!ގμ  9^mp~]#yk&Ưo /߸~e~F~oLWn7n_˔++~5~ncιtmu;.W+m1D p__y׬ƿ!Μ^7vsFclGlcuVI;sn_}sH=ZvoXUhS|A Z8\=PV?G?n=Y|9F=l0#AwМ07G||m&^gMlO}e\ZN?'7i ck/毥9?|Z%k#8}kc}m6ä `,+Dz%pȦpr!erZߋ؞ٸZ?B'?T?\{?];M,'nj ZXVADJ[%(1|aX ߒݦo1y H<>Ac{׎, [=7ѿv!F {>yI1?UeZS(2Bc\$_$+^P)wθW霪4g] Q^jPǏoe3nڻ@X9W >l]~nǯ>:tu 4U=>>Yp{&$D5O|8/@ Kdo7-~7/d+ϐsKf~/<^F Z yZ`OXzVp)8O7iصY^Z 濟}m[ĹD8q^Xsq+.㜗<Od[ɹh 939~-,qYU\G6k>wȷwpYFI9ǹѣ-2z^s "=qV\d oq](ͩ|zIJüt^ccGZ3EcCkZs3 hO'}t(ŷ֝sQ-_`{7/,ѕB 88U\yvpZY/N~l*dPï}y 'ҽE~Q{øv-1~Dp3/m/k{|[MKi'ୂ%z[G푊ZJoma ~%ky }}:[10!VƉ~ؗ7-6oy;E<2o/m[Kww\ Q޶ANqIo$ oy~-fS ?[ Vecy|^ 9Cd絊G 8[c%8lwB GsZ }jeŹdVaqHZqZu7}uFY{ڑNm]E<o;Sg5GW>Hj{D $&;Iy{iE{$?|ΒQoVU6W!*9ᷘo5y8oV<."_| 7 ~>~s3o?=,ǧHOV@v\N* ^;% _)Uz͛eE_ZFI-}Pw5?{N5 ?ix t yQn m{>3J=_e7%lle'(;e<̟q0O7\x霡>wӞk.K4" aS}`}V m'iZ."g/XJ_!@k_?X }}ۯOaOĮ޾=Joݚ=N}I|)g߿ϛO3 ]S$[}g-+z9<]\+_<|wi*3Ϸ!3ނvE[WOӲ?1-R`iШ0q+y'f>_9IѰ3W|Z내ݔ!X͞Ia&&|jZ;8d$[krS_w_FD)ݲ<L cjߩ/'}9"OF')f'fi5/=x^o1a LBliphM3 MV0usf)J?_}u_[w`˺[pX=z;Esɹc!X?G(9hݼlOx{1Ź> c ²LM+RF?ZL@kk=>77?Nxz]z.X7clΉLX6t;x{yʉ3KUs Û1v@yN<~g[mmto{3i滄GR #I(+jkNl֜'[GQɸ&'LNMJ=2naBEwۊmD2ކջmׇvs㌾hzM㱇H?)ߎ>۾\!F|^<x{fZ[~ۈ&<;yq krw+yX νZ\Y|~壘8?'\EzNb eri4>p_-;Bܦxsa0Q\4}i%8jCy\%8wjqM5=m)0l&tܞqc}ζ<]g-,USԞuKIHwxNH*LTKPrhW ҩvڇGt Y6~ nկ Z /%mL4paKZ㷖¯pRZ|xiʲXz(}.K \ `qx-y}( O;He7^or"5cbEՖ&幢T/,,16 Ìîäóëü çàêëþ÷èòåëüíîãî òåñòèðîâàíèÿ çíàíèé èìèòèðóåò ýêçàìåí, à ñèñòå- ìà âûïîëíÿåò ôóíêöèè ýêçàìåíàòîðà. Ýòîò ìîäóëü ôîðìèðóåò ýêçàìåíàöèîí- íûé áèëåò, ñîñòîÿùèé èç îïðåäåëåííîãî êîëè÷åñòâà òåîðåòè÷åñêèõ âîïðîñîâ è çàäà÷. Âîïðîñû âûáèðàþòñÿ èç áàçû äàííûõ ñëó÷àéíûì îáðàçîì.  ðåçóëü- òàòå âûïîëíåíèÿ äàííîãî ìîäóëÿ îáó÷àåìûé ïîëó÷àåò ðåçóëüòèðóþùóþ îöåíêó ïî èçó÷åííîìó êóðñó. Âñå ìîäóëè ÿâëÿþòñÿ âçàèìîñâÿçàííûìè, à î÷åðåäíîñòü èõ çàïóñêà îïðåäå- ëÿåòñÿ çàäàííûì àëãîðèòìîì. Ìîäóëü èçó÷åíèÿ òåîðåòè÷åñêîãî ìàòåðèàëà çàïóñêàåòñÿ äëÿ èçó÷åíèÿ òåêóùåãî ðàçäåëà. Çàïóñê ìîäóëÿ êîíòðîëÿ çíàíèé ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ äëÿ ïðîâåðêè óñâîåíèÿ òåîðåòè÷åñêîãî ìàòåðèàëà ïî äàííîìó ðàçäåëó. Ìîäóëü ðåøåíèÿ çàäà÷ çàïóñêàåòñÿ â öåëÿõ ïîëó÷åíèÿ ïðàêòèêè ðåøåíèÿ çàäà÷ ïî äàííîìó ðàçäåëó. Çàïóñê ìîäóëÿ çàêëþ÷èòåëüíîãî òåñòèðî- âàíèÿ çíàíèé îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ ñ öåëüþ ïðîâåñòè ýêçàìåí. Ìîäåëè ïðèîáðåòåíèÿ çíàíèé Íà ñåãîäíÿøíèé äåíü ðàçðàáîòàíî çíà÷èòåëüíîå êîëè÷åñòâî ìàòåìàòè÷åñ- êèõ ìîäåëåé ðàçëè÷íûõ ïðîöåññîâ îáó÷åíèÿ è êîíòðîëÿ çíàíèé. Îäíèì èç òàêèõ íàïðàâëåíèé ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñòàòèñòè÷åñêàÿ òåîðèÿ îáó÷åíèÿ è êîíòðîëÿ çíàíèé ñòóäåíòîâ, ïîëó÷àþùèõ îáðàçîâàíèå ïî äèñòàíöèîííîé ôîðìå îáó÷å- íèÿ. Íèæå ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèå ìîäåëè îáó÷åíèÿ è êîíòðîëÿ çíàíèé, êîòîðûå áàçèðóþòñÿ íà ñòàòèñòè÷åñêîé òåîðèè ïðîöåññîâ çàáûâàíèÿ- âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ èçó÷àåìîãî ìàòåðèàëà.  îñíîâå ýòîãî ïîäõîäà ëåæèò ñëåäóþ- ùàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ. Ïðåäïîëîæèì, ÷òî â ìîìåíò âðåìåíè t = 0 èíôîðìàöèÿ âîñïðèíÿòà îáó÷àå- ìûì, à â ìîìåíò t > 0 åìó çàäàåòñÿ âîïðîñ ïî ýòîìó ìàòåðèàëó. Åñëè â ìîìåíò âðåìåíè t = τ îáó÷àåìûé äàåò íåïðàâèëüíûé îòâåò íà ýòîò âîïðîñ, òî äëèòåëü- íîñòü τ ñîîòâåòñòâóåò âðåìåíè çàáûâàíèÿ.  äàëüíåéøåì äåëàåòñÿ ïðåäïîëîæå- íèå, ÷òî âðåìÿ τ ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé íåïðåðûâíóþ ñëó÷àéíóþ âåëè÷èíó ñ ôóíê- öèåé ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ     . t P t P     ñëó÷àå ýêñïîíåíöèàëüíîãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ   , 1 e t t P     ãäå τ – èíòåíñèâ- íîñòü çàáûâàíèÿ. Ñðåäíåå âðåìÿ çàáûâàíèÿ ðàâíî 1/ λ . Âåðîÿòíîñòü ïðàâèëüíîãî îòâåòà íà ïîñòàâëåííûé âîïðîñ â èíòåðâàëå âðåìåíè (0, t) îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ñîîòíî- øåíèåì     . 1 t P t Q   Èíòåíñèâíîñòü çàáûâàíèÿ λ (t) èìååò ñëåäóþùèé ñìûñë. Âåëè÷èíà λ (t)  t ïðåä- ñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé âåðîÿòíîñòü òîãî, ÷òî îáó÷àåìûé, êîòîðûé èçó÷èë ìàòåðèàë ïî íåêîòîðîìó âîïðîñó çà èíòåðâàë âðåìåíè (0, t), çàáóäåò åãî ÷åðåç èíòåðâàë âðåìåíè (t, t +  t). Äëÿ ìàëûõ âåëè÷èí  t ñïðàâåäëèâû ñîîòíîøåíèÿ:     ; , t t t t t P          . 1 , t t t t t Q       Ðàñïîëàãàÿ ïëîòíîñòüþ âåðîÿòíîñòè ïðàâèëüíîãî îòâåòà Q(t), ìîæíî îïðåäå- ëèòü ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå îæèäàíèå âðåìåíè çàáûâàíèÿ ïðàâèëüíîãî îòâåòà íà âîï- ðîñ îïðåäåëåííîãî òèïà êîíêðåòíûì îáó÷àåìûì:       , 0 0         dt t Q dt t tp M T ãäå     . ' t P t p  Àíàëîãè÷íî îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ äèñïåðñèÿ âðåìåíè çàáûâàíèÿ: . T dt ) t ( Q t } T { M } { D 0 2 2          ñëó÷àå ýêñïîíåíöèàëüíîãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ïîëó÷èì ñëåäóþùèå âûðàæå- íèÿ äëÿ ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîãî îæèäàíèÿ, äèñïåðñèè âðåìåíè çàáûâàíèÿ è èíòåí- ñèâíîñòè çàáûâàíèÿ:     n 1 j j n t , . ) t ( ; 1 } { D ; 1 T } { M 2           Ðàññìîòðèì äâå îñíîâíûå ìîäåëè âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ çíàíèé. 2x pUN#!yi˔Ab)e֊uTBT,҄:* D#5!``:X[:jo߻ܼ$$)9g=ޜ="E$k[-y[ IC&M@QpPng[*R.̈I1,1,?/,SFƍYy"At:>cq$('憞xJ}t]$+W16p\glTaC)Yb^`)vѸv5g/'^ٓ. n[hIi$%9hrfU [}7yɗlS"?2ZB).ıh֨{bH)/ D.a]/2ه?9wnE^?5nmM,7d*ɐCЎJ ;\e0 c|*o!Z3qj\Om[4vоאk~u#m&|< /,Z}Mwf䂸It T [h,9@sɬ5dߑU-7e /+01W'!D-O[|Ie=(W}b81hLN=ql8q;68}Zys֮mvQYs%}1F*3g|z1Z,uw-ul3xLJ>^SR"WdQ|Wq'o.4ɮ\L,5n='`Kl!\7/>1f,B'lYB]ˀ |oo`''tp|"p-8q޼S}=P Jl9 ,-%U?bvv8oFNI'Sp+Zu(lzʉq8D_O11dڿCބɓ7cDr+X1h4uphsN692 w̑go\NI 1%\i&iB|W-]򻶠[^.w6y]ȅC9=,J{( J.nAhgjie#92y\\r {"yӬҙ.GhAb|y'k?tW-W L=ײe>FvN2;M)pnςieﵭ|`}T >:\ O_bRPd%[1$Ia_ q^|+ARw;\f]5cs}kk@-~ˬGNtfhrH?'}KѴyOY_% rKG>-G |0VMyZhh]3O-e+ AAS]|Y yoe $8GP[H`͕ú9| 08tOG^씸h?"nX(yw*iϧ]r1nݡ= ?}1]gm=Rvr>]Gw8wH{qz!wZjGܲsG91;gm{&S~?Ns/Íi$LM?'Ήu N>v.57};b;tEˀ/^ x2eˀ/vy2eˀ/^ g_NvMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:34    ;(16$2Z/&17 A{lx}VEmK "yL 3K=dK )=<<)%=Ymk߽gk{?Z0{f]3kk͚{ZMI\$9YIrE1$7;IjG;9IIo$FMIrIwNx \/|*9+9'H_ `6uZOYetv >l-pNrZݧ VJli*fYm.Bۜ9C&ye?l8m^W6oW]:&1I\fۺ m'6WIVrѻm6Sdu&Y,SLjYRٚy[Ϧ+A_N3V0Tm +gbMwvNpy#k;z#ML16u4r!lSm=cux:z)|E1~k ?V8\2]?<4iC'h).}/6V(5өԒR=V'ԋ&@5/QIhEjJ#'5}&e4ljy.vܪ46Z85)CMC'5ʒ9y~!5ʓOںM9~t>zI+D8Z2+odddɞI-yPl-1F[HRzƢ,2h.% XF6ץq]2 sJ|$p{Q?LS>?8 q)c:z u+heX3|ʻ!]RαuY Qv/ Ms%;E{h]^ kd vuіg ev,cwcYykºԖP}a%ԛ9Nh;#U"/PrF> \G4t yR&!</7ns 7]]yq9E>} ;St~l^uzU3o/0pd 6(q y{~ɪҧ>Θ=Wu洲=lA¸X>y﯀_UkP?yʖ:^%&ً,R+U? jyh6X#|З*]k禙al1j hy1:B)c?}0ǝqyMmsb8es=RYoJg\oe?\)]XqU{T^8j])Mb[%ׇ]k=/*/<2>5ڧM䦣O0H >A+4/TBa>sp~2/ڜܺ ұI>p}"-t5䏼Pui,R&7B5'5QQzl'%m&1 S^(#07!&d0%ޙFuo9",ލQֿ*/)nQ746s:,{Y>}hk^-=%鷺WYC;$/͙Ks46zqH6FFc-lS4c7M0$iqʇo h^Aqs5%ԤWkw,OQF!mH+v yOVU$ ?nn' Eʃ6U!<#4I`;Cޒ }G'~=>$=.x(#/'& WPG9+*~O-׽7K X-)ҭدMX!']/I_ x/q[ۋs:=E|{>7̡ot{riɆ9`Tnu=nVjlWtr3*ٹn\uܬc>`b/wOK0jqڏ1''OU+Wd{F_om8^4+ V;KWuwFš ZE֕/@+^UC!:_0UL|Wy0 |9E_ټu.cޣ:`>8Ƽ[mW<=V4V|ɽ(+ݱ*[#.+5yR[oNSSaDd/F?8[>`2.>M} g3zv<6tZK#^A<\~z休nc?Ȝ{fvOv۶L䐋t cDҵTpN2}ZP*XBC^u= /`z?ҩ|;~Hc~^yX؃\ˮޔ`Mw'v4"[k^dm:4eMi_A Cst01:uLyᅺ!4tPӬ|riؓy"]7%tH׬D*[ |YR:[556}_ _hCXV'14eن;Y({55{xʧ(m,;ԔNpxyNTV6E2{z\yޡ_~CvRֱؙSm}sizI;V){.{ȣkNxX+A~IK.MFx0oq3P!3E03Clgagr_vvg+4}!0-6)iڠQr"uE;R dD;mm\ݿl=ݸ]eYkzYz|1 X~&u4>c%c_81}䷊0kNFF=^m.<5O=b˸mӉOL 71fFKyo(]+o3{ރRle{|SǾZx@:s߬3)L&[f16L>,K:2'`)ŧD&V&|Tq -y+ !א©5QQz|~OJW,_jWE:EWѮ1v{Iy/ˇwco!lN]dC6j@~|ҝV+\TF pе{inހ7$ 9q~ߧW` m]So-Qu~+_LCRWysM;Qo ;W /U _Si"^Yۍg(K8!=w.VWUWr*u!*Ťc+(=EC 3s & =r} 0BW|Ͼ9[ 0bS33ߒ`*r]* 0`'í!<*d.=y݄7'9ܫ*<<`~E40^ehG̛`v{^9|ɣ f(g<+ǜ[IU0'aZyf1'] ɌRTݹfKF\FJ~\K5^*^U4{9Gh}V񣊹w}wmBx>94 -ryS59N|ZJߛc^yn{]9q]`H(}nzyx2*?+hU0c}9ǼsnLӾ}놖UoQ~\~,׬_ fB1RܢN(R!;YAC>$MQv{x@m$0pN+Zٜv=o4i{*ݽj䦥z`- m w,49<_M]}wgzttN}tB:K`{zj:7{^2)onn6Փ\,IMa GMTQ4eRwuUvq6_:"CsE1en2|0B|;b:uf6wS8i묷|\ TݷϤuN=s;C3m76zd 3mkMz14iӬS=| ?v5ϴ N=0/OWʿcvZ9lyOÍrh)fIl›v7ahE6zpE`}ZٽP鳫uȤh޴Bx#u=sgNS]*f<'un/l/`^'[ɽs >7) `<7|"\YVvߟc>^:h>GG|ޞc..<"d)x ̟3Òw K"UmhԟV]S<؟6ZnZݽo|Yc赊[k)oQ8`ǘc_쐴OءٽnȼE|>#{Q輑 oƪe2^NT{d/^ſۅ9?эILE3}du?ܮ^!޶@{I%q}ǿp^[:.2KrͺuX#d;NǦ^zB0Fu !Ðwhtϔױoe3F[%nN.i@vf{ٙ^mv>UvǮež[O܃ѷx}Q ĬPu]>өmh1uo PtF=14bT/IH/}EUR"Iy&&#ez>=;Ř}4*>, dD`ْf&2tM鰜B &X51H[Wnxșr._S@yȧ1&7hL?)ozW"&l^ScxOof.[Ufh7!ͲiM9g(_sE6Se,+m $M3`5)~SY! OHl}˒ e9{4]ٻ,iUwYnr.Kyó]>EtTiW͵?X鿈]/V^u[,{+q=2&09mrŎ|h! iciy)d0J'9?y崲O^ b\WDNޫ>yGG[(Yw9O kcY,k:ew2~8{j'ʟ=Ξ7Ξs+L7#ht93tM9\Iܢ`/}*_'75_c}wkǽl{e:1*#ظ] kw㿈̸N?Dޡ-;]/U'_05u;gmhegI=9Sܥsw]O92ޞ7^3&¹B|qvdz|c|>Q'vO{C[ܣ9/Ey3.xam1Cj, _+yUgGES=c ƀNxN3ots7ʿĈ5*wOuZwiOun=WҶۍˑo y^A>t_ /&cۜK5G;q>y3')?*_6̅V'cr 0D f<[qEiL||>9oz|P*T*[嘼:h=zGϽT͝urB#&߄s5`}gl"OfY%5ޕҳ]7HPz]4PgU{Ϫ| |_gU\{3h;18ղ*eo}{hSTLߏ+oQyUﮑng2ٗ[%U Y{j &=GͮxOp:[[g} TXow8yȚ@]|"o\s\:˹1G`{E>=t>BDe]yϞ^膧6|榑 !NW;+#;/+n~LʛOjЦ*Gz?DKaxrL=c9[83r<05ǜSGE1ޘ69*|}LȳOa|gk1w*|ᓵsl &SzW9`UMs>O flK9^GTd&]VƪoI|>]r;y~Xq笓k+ܯ(^sHi>w;`8?^/|bL+6g>B>y}ޢ4 @kgZb*/v{kdU-y /G(Ϝ9c#3~r6(oP?_6q3kgZy謧CU*xx\ex +mqBCt]P,i&dMil4G\x/ 2L:^fky  X>U(yDUM O/NJfm__,岓&c첦Pek_I:M)KtD{Y~Q<()ݺ.ìҦ1<+}Wv[Y>|`V=ٖwӏuB?/= XΝ?RYǹCP!Vt-m[m[j }p6oۖmːNx&ԛtT}&G'r! YC\|j7/V };~4QTfZʘ`̇y)A@pavcya'c>c&ϥ-|\ry~O ~U$ɞW|AqE`LkQXGjO*zѪ 7{KOeU0cye,3$*o1)Sc19o2 .dLWJN ޥ2 0뙙*7&_膱 fL½͟s">‚On}gboǞ`[1|n]\zn֏]ξ;cwݧ;z }w!w9}֑i5dڎQ&mrhXձd4mLVhQݽ;:>r@av#O2Byhwcz'}m voC{u(p*ыi}V%"Aw|iYT+-CuXC31x><& 圲nSئ#qw?#O'ụI4ڛ"` y6>y']R5.婋ӝiIXsyo:;qv;ysryby C47 YR2CNM.]40P2wyb)\|ڔZ.63u7>?wyN_HcMM` ʑ}&.-G>;WWW&ʧ,M@fYT]1jX.!Sb-#b瓦1\߲|<Fy qI#s;f{$6=l ݸLGjɇRH&/41?Ԧ.PqlKUkR> jш<< %XfC;Cﳇ[w5no,e|Ne3a]7nxvr:tF#E+c[їZgcx~_m$F4Wy"SP[)F6(W4NJV2@%@43tCĔ!wXcuMXr}bGiڠ%߼B'm ·+PsLs8tD:|hSTL׏+r̞v B/\EJK/%̻l?`n[nIYXϣs,GGn 1u͓a;qgbKL>θ'߸E>9l?!1*[{`K'S} rY -۫ZeȞ f%>fxeUSסΞN>Xɥ./֟d,[b9m`X]:븞y.:&92quMaTE0C:s{[/h$~mX66{2fMf_G\!+270ASyH᳘|Ȯ*\+Ϊ__}nZ&&e@r9h们-cb[/76ipC0Ms06/E9΍OyӠ=h`#MR2칳+;ZӲklC, q 25\:3i|p&eqH#!yiO{(?SVl溎n9Bp,,17 Ìãíîâåííîå âîññòàíîâëåíèå çíàíèé, åñëè âðåìåíåì èçó÷åíèÿ èëè ïîâòîðå- íèÿ èçó÷åííîãî ìàòåðèàëà ìîæíî ïðåíåáðå÷ü ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñî âðåìåíåì çàáûâàíèÿ. Ïóñòü ïîñëå èçó÷åíèÿ íåêîòîðîãî i-ãî âîïðîñà â ìîìåíò âðåìåíè t = 0 îáó÷àåìûé äàåò íà íåãî ïðàâèëüíûé îòâåò. Îäíàêî ÷åðåç íåêîòîðîå âðåìÿ t 1 îí åãî çàáûâàåò.  ýòîò ìîìåíò ìãíîâåííî ïðîèñõîäèò âîññòàíîâëåíèå çíàíèé îáó÷àåìîãî. Íî ÷åðåç íåêîòîðîå âðåìÿ t 2 îáó÷àåìûé ñíîâà çàáûâàåò ïðàâèëüíûé îòâåò íà âîïðîñ. Ìîìåíò âðåìåíè n-ãî çàáûâàíèÿ îòâåòà íà âîïðîñ ðàâåí:     n 1 j j n t . Åñëè âîññòàíîâëåíèå çíàíèé íà çàáûòûé âîïðîñ ïðîèñõîäèò ìãíîâåííî, òî ìîìåíòû çàáûâàíèÿ èëè âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ çíàíèé t 1 , t 2 , … ,t n îáðàçóþò ïîòîê èçó÷àåìîãî ìàòåðèàëà ïî i-ìó âîïðîñó.  îáùåì ñëó÷àå èíòåðâàëû âðåìåíè t j , j = 1, 2, … ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñëó÷àéíûìè âåëè÷èíàìè, ïîýòîìó ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèé ïîòîê òàêæå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñëó÷àéíûì. Ñëó÷àéíûå âåëè÷èíû t j , j = 1, 2, … â îáùåì ñëó÷àå ìîæíî îõàðàêòåðèçîâàòü ôóíêöèåé ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ âèäà: }. z ,..., z , z { P ) z ,..., z , z ( F j j 2 2 1 1 j 2 1        Ïîòîê èçó÷àåìîãî ìàòåðèàëà ñ ôóíêöèåé ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ t e 1 ) t ( F     ÿâëÿ- åòñÿ ïðîñòåéøèì èëè ñòàöèîíàðíûì ïóàññîíîâñêèì ïîòîêîì. Âîññòàíîâëåíèå çíàíèé ñ êîíå÷íûì âðåìåíåì âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ, åñëè îíî ñîèçìåðèìî ñî âðåìåíåì çàáûâàíèÿ. Ïðîöåññ çàáûâàíèÿ è âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ ñ êîíå÷íûì âðåìåíåì âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ çíàíèé ïî i-ìó âîïðîñó ìîæíî ïðåäñòà- âèòü ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòüþ èíòåðâàëîâ çàáûâàíèÿ è âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ çíàíèé. Ïóñòü â ìîìåíò âðåìåíè t = t 0 1i íà÷èíàåòñÿ èçó÷åíèå ìàòåðèàëà ïî îïðåäå- ëåííîìó âîïðîñó, íà ïðèîáðåòåíèå çíàíèé ïî êîòîðîìó òðåáóåòñÿ âðåìÿ  1 . Ïîòîì ñëåäóåò ïðîöåññ çàáûâàíèÿ äàííîãî âîïðîñà â òå÷åíèå ïðîìåæóòêà âðåìåíè t 1 . Äëÿ ïîâòîðíîãî âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ çíàíèé ïî äàííîìó âîïðîñó îáó÷à- åìîìó íåîáõîäèì ïðîìåæóòîê âðåìåíè  2 . Ìîìåíòû âðåìåíè ... , 2 , 1 n , ... t , ... t n 1 n 2 2 1 1 i 2 n n n 1 n 2 2 1 1 i 1 n                                íàçûâàþòñÿ ñîîòâåòñòâåííî ìîìåíòàìè çàáûâàíèÿ è âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ çíàíèé. Âðåìÿ âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ çàáûòîãî ìàòåðèàëà ìåíüøå âðåìåíè íà÷àëüíîãî èçó÷å- íèÿ, îäíàêî ïîðîþ ýòà ðàçíîñòü áûâàåò íåñóùåñòâåííà. Äëÿ ýêñïîíåíöèàëüíîé ôóíêöèè ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ âðåìåíè âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ çíàíèé 0 t , 0 , e 1 ) t ( G t       ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå îæèäàíèå è äèñïåðñèÿ âðåìåíè âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ çíàíèé îïðå- äåëÿþòñÿ ïî ôîðìóëàì: . 1 } { D , 1 T } { M 2 . вос        Îñîáåííîñòü ýêñïîíåíöèàëüíîãî âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ çíàíèé ñîñòîèò â òîì, ÷òî åñëè â ìîìåíò âðåìåíè t îáó÷àåìûé çàíÿò âîññòàíîâëåíèåì çíàíèé, òî îñòàâøååñÿ âðåìÿ âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ òàêæå ýêñïîíåíöèàëüíûì ñ òåì æå ïàðàìåòðîì  . Ìîäåëè êîíòðîëÿ çíàíèé  òðàäèöèîííîé ñèñòåìå îáó÷åíèÿ èñïîëüçóþòñÿ ñòàíäàðòíûå ìåòîäû êîíò- ðîëÿ çíàíèé, ñóùíîñòü êîòîðûõ ñîñòîèò â òîì, ÷òî îáó÷àåìîìó ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ âûáîðêà èç íàáîðà ñïåöèàëüíûõ çàäàíèé è ïî îòâåòàì íà íåå äåëàåòñÿ ñóæäåíèå î åãî çíàíèÿõ, óìñòâåííîì ðàçâèòèè è ñïîñîáíîñòÿõ. Îäíàêî ïðè äèñòàíöèîííîì îáó÷åíèè ýòà ìåòîäîëîãèÿ êîíòðîëÿ çíàíèé òðåáóåò óñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèÿ. Ïîýòîìó ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ óñîâåðøåíñòâîâàííàÿ ìîäåëü ñèñòåìû êîíòðîëÿ, âû- ÷èñëèòåëüíàÿ ñõåìà àëãîðèòìà êîòîðîé ïðèâåäåíà íà ðèñ. 3. ^2x{pTwche7ռ66jQ>T;vh3:SlEA+PaDD@0@D(oK0 PHn?=e<`|s9'b}YD<w'ԧoi/?GNaۧ0u֍}ZX4JiᏜu!l:S1_kKe@'b۹N.?!${&8L#Dt5u5}?LZWk$g)&<!%HwʏKgA3hț7|ـS4 /z2/05Ӳ?m;[Q򛩻OtS: H+ak^3cNZl>f7Yv9Lw|^ڰ-tLH%؋}$o3y}}z af]}ΠdX0Χ{49j^#I7~<_@ Ӷ 5Yۮvi=<]̇un5f%[)(x->復tƣ9.Et^ufK{Su\o􍹙}:I@Ӌz"s]I818)muPE~>A[81lowl-LZ3Rgt/9]1\eS3ìKaz?OOOXRmyg>p6ϑ@7x*>gA| #e6'v "˰[ꖈ2w(c=I/FW}=i^d[PK.xT^oֽJz wr 'FX7 b}*3z0P<nQ18u (Vwn[ۺÍ?rs׏i{K4X?ƷӽnMYq+7yuLgx|8xRM1}r&-un}K҃CmKuO{qY%?Bm,T^iIw7y``gAE_2dz8A,U架Z&L5JEu@_ ElUu ed;&U?[ڿ*lc{n[0`xܺ>1}q OvG_~sc[VKuĥ1/9yɢ~0-[5|^"U't@9pؼTVX_29R5^QIε>e.t Tv=ҷ6R%;Y:Mizè76lAT}VǎY$sDj ATF_-BV󄜔LK}W|P?7 ,#>7OM%+ͳ$P|pjL֔7MJKd /AE_M>+8I"\_%dE>٘ld][%kUIj_V~dʢZR~Z'vk¼6zSFmJ?@V)>K 07N8Mhp3Ȼ.,/ w{Oټ ;Rd8S"=rZoK*I9Y. | nch6)A\rV*ٔL̈́4R5ͩO`ꬬڧ,ެStUp2hZB;QbO8Xwj`v%miQ=U] ?2̺dئ8^CoY2eK1 h mCb>?n:R/.=9cs;C=csx/n;ό4vhiaK&ʘVFZ8X|O Kbg -y5ܻOh<rʔ)u 3uaco9vFSD[d'UY opQ=F]iB`-Z/2mo +C*2 &IZ('5=u1Wpzq{mson<1<@o: >h#J7v',9vpo]]WYi^jʌ1By]Q<=NP]xxF>M'8L!yta{z쒛22SB3E_$*c$ųYU>ezlM˥%S^RN3#/` -Hc-*Dgi" ]\u_:ԥ1ev=xE=z;Rmubޜu+ͬP0 B?2,cSdmZ?(=7(VWa^xSg_Ӗ:fHp;t`}Nۖ{穋LԺ}ݟiG\l_ n܎n<<4ػ>;3g%ڢަ2>:6ZNE[iؗ(O[EC+ wh[y6 !7e¹vۑJޭw.6f QŎkXUs >S͝:"l<6GwougpQtgWЀsmGj}}Ŵc^PN}kr+5G,Θ^ DoQo<ʁYĻF3YR`vJL[EVm=z͆ G/{=o߰Գgm\n)t>m:xO[\ԁzal퍄>.qE_!:yeau{a-Ea$Vv^LЊb Fl?h}ꘖ{0!):MvIѦMR{'tX:/;N4*cQZя97NNVYcuN:fat9B`ٝľF:&5:O9{lxh;S?~pΓ_d"O#8l\-|z=ؘEE6<-JWy)̉>-ܙS7_/ffFL|Zbo؄|ƹB:Ǧ4aӻtƑ3n v3S2poY/wsa_{V8.iA3"[nHO8 ojX'ǫmdwlk+Ԁ]WqtIocK0e -yRFmcgǸzG~*\nq|͠g:0/ :vN8r˷P-!X/l.E_ :nM ehmIu)(nƁǖ.7}Lve>ط%c_ ;;Yg +Ko|`" Yvymxv;)MTxz8>՛uX=`2nCW+yڃM=68#-lRF=蜺mpP>2p7#?pSE[4W6k9zmev4|NeRCÙ7k;NXX]X&dDd uK [g6妱m z'یy%Mkpl?2\olC64>Cg[g[nIln'~K'M>4=}Hy}6}/t5f~OP+O _W kqp>F9vb:S.SZ΢ _PG˿ azk0&ڤ/N=jK+i/ =!c۾t@C\)Æ3DÈ=cbD{#8xG1xFx3{DN NЅ}rso)!aZptK;kZc[E'G5~*\Ym`\ssIK8/=1wDL4D0^敔2d0 y|.g{n˸tER :?*:2/\wsIGIFl 4?4g<l_10f@C 8hm_ʑ_'/fRvX8Erbئûi#Ic{ib4^9?a'}4UR^==Ѳ@C)~O*׮G$.zG!^ ~yJڏ&אx?rL~dҞGU)Ң>L(#gH]f^TR7mѹnve9nLFvbݭ ۣJ{jTb7"<Պ>rFG&R}Z߱ݮ>?mҮ6hm:nINl/I=ۙHiwzg|/`xT l_U#6 G-#)]R.ko@ܓb10}.\'#I=C$ X~|.19^]@2DW$- <󊪤?cϗ{ >d( rڳ-;OԳ^ԅ>ˏrmA^2OY#x"j绪/r ^Imk"8΂I]N=gP6M|z =[;Lt^'"ݦ2fE44ņ^Q]^NM{Exb.3 ʕq=RPx+hzMYݵI?n_1$TX]^[TFD)sJ+qO_y5;|錮([&\wkfIWz]&y-'DF{w$p3AB_eJE' <A&ZЂg Cy<%zO㞕^+Jm[pA|V!H#2\NʚA9)g4%O)$U#H1Ό'~qzpi,cە*[.YT!)CftT$WhNd@מ >x\/tpM-ꋽ;譊JѰYbU* q[,43?6S!:RySmʰl5[` tryN.A'k"VxK<;h)|h,xkRZ^_c 2!8Rdf:pfi|5G'7G([Tqv>|+^N}gIh$:Na4nCkr+b!cscAW@g?qlkc:-lBBOgåJnpEMe^͇-#?Z#FIԚbN'k^ϩiLj#>̔'d3:]Q7o]@6L?s$Co~=Gn}L#"O ybL 8 VB'WA_a,ZRu9)G̥u::s"Z2?.o;2SJ -ZB6)glMʗؖ6n>ǽyα<|Y(oݶdCmsl|p状kU5ۓ7#{ϢgBS:Iƽm Ԏ#:E4'k/Oz'8}3' n>ݗ_E&1=>dO^4 J^=.I?[Z-/ KN?:1](%7.۶ 13UÒO![B(?P2Ŏvb_;)WsuΨn4ݩ?VVimQh^|U\(?5<*^W~q8>%Z ܶ׶c1rOØ-?᭢ME^ &OVѯ:~_l^?"Mǯ- nb@j 4k=>4>5|B_4b>ǩ,;)78ػ2ur.*xza8>F8| ;~5_wu͌ p-_5zL/b6Esgz*t.l\-Q*c m6UObW7m~2z7]'6MmXYߣ>3}ccꩨ˾Lj'~dJswOl~L fT&vVvK6l?4];Pc|u֋CH7Qj}J%{=&OSO*}Fi,(?J߼aƮ{hQyvWL߮>lsR.H.s/z*/@L)9f_\Eikj1t[+ۯ~A?ىbh/,R_P*[LST_XCEq!NMٟUFJ+Kח,˞EvAѥjogK8d?_i9\~E+ IUZ_#\\?q;^oRl2b8Y_U/lҿQX o]9<Ƒ)/Fq۠Q)}#TAQQbhAY=9ERNX:i}Q|#]{*r΀/ 977vDg@:ij=j=4yg@pP t~r~ϵ3P':zK Gg=d1_ݷx? 4\xw<|rw=U-䟳EE%P?y.=y y8q:*\yz5_jZ >$۶5[y(\ /#,|M@bGICy~O~Qŷk۬;8V_`/b?M__|e[K|e!97ͽsonMs|&Ou.OdQ%!Ĭu]YEvWNMmIG>bG[+~Fʞ꼗}yrYhMϱ⹷>~1uW~sBSu!oXe!bb>q [+W^۬0YS8_nnM=*?Է<ce6n;tn2v7}$^Rw c/s =>+iiiGZYⳂK >܏HgiU<Eg!\]|V71i޶뺔]^_wgk= Ld=6/zg8&ڗY{2N/g1>[g_qoZL_{7U6?e!iOdyy 6ؙpUThg|ewLy>jd]8֗:e_yBL`ϔ۬P랩+`՞z['h/;z{&=S?l湞|$O=u{&3.왨3]!+N{#㥶*vF ʂ=E:w 3%p|;zhyWS|OtP-ht|U 8":3*_U?_]j9k3s 1x1Rٳ?*`^zUj?wvM{WhiU8Ym֓ pv羕7t׭ʦ﷈T7z͕eN Owq'2~]zɯiYA^-Fa{&ͮ ZU+ECy~=G~I;w)<׶Yw~Y~ߠpLs_/WW|}+_v=g@TY>q zbZbWn*>x3|mЮng?e"YAٳ<߼D9 "f~6f9>+ :6}+_6{Wޝ+w ٚ>_犞Rol|" W3> bu8+?y7qVܳO`xGfsCskQjyR[>Yr9eɺ2r좞r]r oI|&[ #๼mt_PͳS0r_z =wFYEc;EgcT5v9wO7 2'{3vl3 .}c_.__Ǯם+c2ss,yPOl˾937\oZDk>ZZα>?&朴 5Y1=KG0;x@'ޱ'%Ə\]i)UGZޏz}8HW_$1ƋxbW'b]`XwXX<~,~toz=gg]޳w~~O~<,}pxvRʼd±x:.ǻ16G٪?;xGt? Dl2}SiV&n+'t)KEA/%%ӚvKgm &ix.ٹ$YQj"?_#bfuvr||`+ZWhgo+[2|`Ñ47x|(W.Uy%K+;` [>(] y^ʪ[4.oTY34.jw>TNNҙar4NO)MOwOi⌴;,_b?NJ\gL9-1O<|OzQ6-oT6ytg?V6bߏcN;cp{<~Ьy1y"I}Vwyk]ϗ)wlkhHT/C[TN.^O쉸>=]+Z oޅ";u߮Z߭887;2= JgR\~gyJ]ytooɾ\,;r@ۊo+|g@7X'en%ٿW,"~d@mݕ㘊4;TIzOړ߳u\m+cxV}G ʂcTw@c3Y9֓1R2,{{ un+9\w5Z.S_I yooeќq +KDXDwV\'( oþ9k(RNG Ü*)u,ձyl }.EݤżQ.M{y}4;TQu}thG yk/^&Z/"d}6#.">u c?]t%쳘_v_R&g]r^zǙ莩}G ɥZ#UkoYޝY#fnEqFM.kNҿSDr>9,❒?$=)+qE>}Y&6Fy;G}&:aOjϕи;18o__1w&|Ά/w_v[yF{ oND 񫔾7붙 }X'>d_y y-<_iz vGm51gwb`ױMk?.Mdz9at]ƒufzM,l$K<q@9rʉ\t~èjo !$+:& |aC [6o8s'~JId=j[-1J/ ~U?Y㍰ Z-/95o0άm)}ViɩgƗyqlx&W'd)>R<-DYP<`ʀrx@}W>oUOwݷn+U(5vҋlsiڽExp-erd7.VPE#EscJkoN]moŀOkP.҉w*Ez[A:ŦuNҥJ$;}NbЉU*Vƨ (*٪6(K#؟[OU;ռZ5O}n*|WǺ!&%/)@UW?|Tז-l0<)K}Ij}ioorI{튥6/dnsei\3SJ>Yek%Tx|y*Ǧ4aTHd)D߶#>X3Q? TNFN{R8n}^Å#r"ɪd~ߚd{J[MdM#Y%;U1*ZݕkI{J#=^k;\n鐋0 S >0 S >0 S <0 S <0 Вопрос 1 го уровня Вопрос 2 го уровня Вопрос 3 го уровня Повторное прохождение учебного курса, связанного с вопросами m го уровня Повторный контроль Система обработки статистических данных Выбор необходимого опросника в соответствии с заданной темой контролю S <0 Ðèñ. 3. Âû÷èñëèòåëüíàÿ ñõåìà àëãîðèòìà êîíòðîëÿ çíàíèé v'xylTU}bS[(F 4 e X"BpR)ja)Bˎ b$#%Ô3//vb4Ǜ;={!'F{[v%A}K.TMѪgBC;s:Pظmܾ~4Ƙ u~ל:cݲb[vNՆ2%ؘkO"?nlE淆eئrLe>fl,3`_*g}i\yX yCS~"K Ж Cfg6 Er>*Qz]|Tr5 j&DLv w 0}-r.-%@܍ޓ諑g;'srm Mi떡7ѿSq̢x'yf CtԽbUKy9_'zū2ٓWNDr9tr& };뿃0fzg09+VۘMo|ydI<3e6~Xߡ3_SkǓ |rbw6 ~#ӱ<^ lyQ5X wl38]N`+@^/l҂Y 1*^K<;Lx&'C7l/a?*qX9ߧߵt<ck{{Ml& $ z?\TENa>&0[9GfUYBV\mkP<lY~7৉-& CjX,*NV{Ga cĺ=?oe&|g*v kV}`=N؃2z]HN~{#bX.л>?yC=wT#y1K _sν>0 wVa{?o_nu~0 aj+[Uߧ07^4 ~laVOտ~^yGU=]*_U饕n7Sq[+Y5JtjyYVuҬRftIk#鶢J@_Vɳ԰2˧1DÇh\c$vCY'F_7ʟmKv {ڕ}Ï~Kn}zh2|Eo*˯[ ^<qP6}ל_/Y }%_>yyowwWaoW]UP^? 7.^v?ܹwnW ӛ?6fMNJӛI>-ߢM_*?w}w̗R;ګ/,e>ei~T_>4|O7)ϩ|Ɨ}s ޵nSE/uv {GOז7o#?ߔM*d`{]ϫ4i|1;2땾ҕ%v{KXrtӘߪ>9g0Sӛ9AuOijE?Lm}sr83uU~}اcyk,;uW:Nj~wBW,Wo+x\y6m_j/ԉkw6R)~kS?+ qEǸ48[KJmwo{vmWnSuբ9=K_`_nZTutq藋̺_>Xm Aw{FfŷkJ0Rlʍӳͦ+^{[|ŧOlω]%JÕ?t}ɈOrI*>o/˹~f0lxы6ŻXphkU;6NE9V'F7'G ''VQ%CJdžgrdt?ZYəǼ3ǔ>Ys:鈬<|!<'%>p9{98*O8>oCn>UxGƒy Uos<[Ί_{lxt£W(=|gl+7wO5JRx=x?T)<0Pf"OX\dD2^:26y _GO0+PZ~qxWŁpEWDoB&q?>)-z -b"<>P72y{җ&CYE^|쇯M ]9:W?h2E^u&'+YD.ͳK{coKLѮ+}53CH~k78/}EygßV1"DCUk!v/a6cSs!xO&G:=wG6e|}[wYy?cWsdLёXP2Ϭ cXe G]#vf\!}hCG 3h*t^h bF!ݩk%kǞ9Fb'`2G[p]zY/f[N}ė}~k#G>)>=sUW{wm(\ Vh3ϧ/ Yʙ}/ ׿>8^46_5q_}_vU)zTS9c+cs?͍.]E{kC~d~l,JpźGOsD'ey?m߰ܳ'>)IهEz*_>Щ{2/e Z̸dBN}ye{79߻N~e_mk+UX} vRIe'l;Hm/SAaOd_|Sc@ɷHOY\}l<69f [gc^(&GgDC|tS; Xi0||N_We#'u:¯?a]?0ś㣶WŻ76{`.iu }w]gfǬ׺~pB'?-y},ᗓO=%6goA&<э_9ޯp6h/|{KۋSS|o7|Rθ݇w>l1ԵKdUyW&Ȧ/yU&EGt M9ςFGWwm=ab f''Rډ՞ճ׭OU=\V/3Ց{<3&]UO91t& yGzf?Q=̗ yt&[;`oCiҢYWm잯Ȱе?Z|0o7k^sލ2W~.3^{/|;F*;𾺡Cl8噴V:_~ c񢽣xWY;b*7ז'+Grv P6} YWcw,iv,Nמ,YL x˽fxcKДcO1 oGW u>ѣ/kկ'dд<12oO]Ż֫d!93X6x^dVyݐ3~<ɵq("wMʾ&v"gvqomt\R n|O0UcʸǤNoAŅלeGѶ 7,-޷wk# [vü٣.{*]6]?? @axݞc"erv MN>uj_'%ǫq/y/x޿C˗2u}g^[󇿺V3Zu_Bjrowgeg9lhOvʼ`nYu$:wNy=lWlc|^k{W󁿿n/ڵŻRwQkk<[oW-VNpj[p=ZѮ/*\7?Sz=]HrՎ7;:<7R  덱fK|uq﫿Er`{i0uQPf`̞xDM[pRyI[k&Nd|rg[w֘<5/3gc̕ ۱!z27͜s6.{чfL~xxL mхGzpGa X~SEj=`zy6侁rdpPvFho73 fqoK)H=j߬mϛg |'/N|t-qyq-n# ճW~4eI٘1?4Vӥ{󃃕 MmE[56u~}C(|qR]{j'?.ڕ،L|5-ɣ}]S2fmR+;g8?Xz֨ا9=U3G:wk$6qn_3ܜ zo짮=r n};%6Su?zӏvrx)]#׏_!9U"CWZtU/-Eu?'RJ/ۋU3*0_ۍ|~zg\1A_1e<.|eGUݴF_wm_#E4ń)ٝPG94iw˿괽<+\b]Җ<^yKNNtAY{^2Fe32NgiK?xcuK9`|peft[״mAoRY pj;/ 1qiSQIބm{=bC+.!什`-xcw% iС]\]?iK}CN&>/`ۖ`dVj(22D;tX;~/!绊_XOikhSݝ-=dxX߯#յUgc q2= ߴ}_[\묵sW|3_=$3>{vx;R>Vc|e~36Cmуrl֙[h)g N$tɸ+G&FO]gã-2љM\ș ,/흥lqa~+ +hmվo]lm~;~Y߾{gfms$qtSƗ2cw1"<&k3Ny_WF7>#(莮^w| g?|:@༢m۝@QLo_&[ ;-& (y|s?7~3]R>[j["ooK_ hOzO 2oV注*z6F`/f/ܗ󿯵{_<?Ϝ(;'W@Kɡ)/Z'*}ѥ]YOcH{=N%O36Js(ڻw|^vfosL5l4Ox<*;A|'6̞Y=<걑2;vCcWte)}] W?<&hxѫ7V?._(*?pk~k}nªGb_lG>BX ވV}{h?("߷jlLMb޶EC|ҞJ萣dGod"Wҏq$~ѕ41 g9߷7mzYnoLc֗$Ad&ZVp uّ~FvymBK;Zb}PK)c^l?g aO&8F-{8mu)jÇ?I< Əu%z4W{Gy[%w"]&S 9?: _,,v19 ÓÄÊ 519.2 Â.Ë. ÊÎËßÄÈÍ ÏÎÑÒÐÎÅÍÈÅ ÑÒÀÒÈÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÌÅÐ ÍÀ ÎÑÍÎÂÅ ÌÎÌÅÍÒΠÄÐÎÁÍÎÃÎ ÏÎÐßÄÊÀ Íà îñíîâå îáîáùåíèÿ ïîíÿòèÿ ìîìåíòà ñëó÷àéíîé âåëè÷èíû è ââåäåíèÿ â ðàññìîòðåíèå ìîìåíòîâ ïðîèçâîëüíîãî âåùåñòâåííîãî, íå îáÿçàòåëüíî öåëîãî, ïîðÿäêà ñòðîÿòñÿ îáîáùåííûå ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèå ìåðû, êîëè÷åñòâåííî õàðàêòåðè- çóþùèå ñëåäóþùèå ñâîéñòâà ðàñïðåäåëåíèé: öåíòðàëüíîå ïîëîæåíèå, øèðè- íó, ñòåïåíü àñèììåòðèè, òÿæåñòü õâîñòà. Ïðè ýòîì ìåðû, èñïîëüçóåìûå â êëàññè÷åñêîé ñòàòèñòèêå, ÿâëÿþòñÿ ÷àñòíûìè ñëó÷àÿìè ïîëó÷åííûõ îáîáùåí- íûõ ìåð. 1. Ââåäåíèå Ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèå ìåðû ÿâëÿþòñÿ áàçîâûìè èíñòðóìåíòàìè ñòàòèñòè÷åñêîãî îïèñàíèÿ è àíàëèçà. Âðÿä ëè ìîæíî óêàçàòü õîòÿ áû îäíó îáëàñòü çíàíèÿ, ãäå áû ýòè ïîíÿòèÿ íå èñïîëüçîâàëèñü. Îñíîâíàÿ çàäà÷à ëþáîé ñòàòè÷åñêîé ìåðû - êîëè÷åñòâåííî âûðàçèòü íåêîòîðîå ñâîéñòâî ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ èëè êîíå÷íîé âû- áîðêè. Òàêèå ñâîéñòâà îáû÷íî èíòóèòèâíî ÿñíû, íî íå èìåþò îäíîçíà÷íîãî êîëè÷åñòâåííîãî îïðåäåëåíèÿ. Îáùåèçâåñòíûìè ïðèìåðàìè ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõ ìåð ÿâëÿþòñÿ “ ñðåäíåå çíà÷åíèå ” è “ äèñïåðñèÿ ” , âûðàæàþùèå òàêèå ñâîéñòâà ðàñ- ïðåäåëåíèÿ èëè âûáîðêè, êàê èõ “ öåíòðàëüíîå ïîëîæåíèå ” è “ ðàçáðîñ ” , ñîîòâåò- ñòâåííî [1]. Äàëåå äëÿ êðàòêîñòè áóäåì èñïîëüçîâàòü òåðìèí “ ìåðà ” êàê ñèíîíèì ñòàòèñ- òè÷åñêîé ìåðû. Ïðè ýòîì íå ñëåäóåò ñìåøèâàòü ïîíÿòèå ñòàòèñòè÷åñêîé ìåðû íè ñ ïîíÿòèåì ìåðû, èñïîëüçóåìûì â òåîðèè ìíîæåñòâ, íè ñî ñïåöèàëüíûì ÷àñòíûì ñëó÷àåì ýòîãî òåîðåòèêî-ìíîæåñòâåííîãî ïîíÿòèÿ - “ âåðîÿòíîñòíîé ìåðîé ” , èñ- ïîëüçóåìûì â òåîðèè âåðîÿòíîñòåé.  òåîðèè ìíîæåñòâ è òåîðèè âåðîÿòíîñòåé ïîä ìåðîé ïîíèìàþò íåîòðèöàòåëüíóþ ôóíêöèþ îò ìíîæåñòâ, îáîáùàþùóþ òàêèå ïîíÿòèÿ, êàê äëèíà, ïëîùàäü, îáúåì, âåñ è ò.ä. [2]. Ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèå æå ìåðû îïèñûâàþò ñâîéñòâà ðàñïðåäåëåíèé – ò.å. òî, êàêèì îáðàçîì âåðîÿòíîñòíàÿ ìåðà ðàñïðåäåëåíà ïî ýëåìåíòàì íåêîòîðîãî ìíîæåñòâà âñåõ âîçìîæíûõ èñõîäîâ. Ïðè ýòîì ìíîæåñòâî âñåõ âîçìîæíûõ èñõîäîâ, êàê ïðàâèëî, èìååò ÷èñëîâóþ ïðèðîäó. Äëÿ êîëè÷åñòâåííîãî âûðàæåíèÿ îäíîãî è òîãî æå ñâîéñòâà ìîãóò èñïîëüçî- âàòüñÿ íåñêîëüêî àëüòåðíàòèâíûõ ìåð. Íàïðèìåð, íàðÿäó ñî ñðåäíèì çíà÷åíèåì â êà÷åñòâå ìåðû öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ïðèìåíÿþò ìåäèàíó èëè ðàçëè÷íûå óñå÷åííûå ñðåäíèå, à â êà÷åñòâå ìåðû ðàçáðîñà - ñðåäíèé ìîäóëü óêëîíåíèÿ îò ìåäèàíû [3]. Íè îäíà èç òàêèõ àëüòåðíàòèâíûõ ìåð, äàþùèõ êîëè÷åñòâåííîå îïèñàíèå îäíîìó è òîìó æå ñâîéñòâó ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ, íå ìîæåò ñ÷èòàòüñÿ óíèâåðñàëüíî ïðèåìëåìîé äëÿ âñåãî ìíîãîîáðàçèÿ çàäà÷, ðåøàåìûõ íà ïðàêòèêå ïðè ïîìîùè ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõ ìåòîäîâ. Íàïðèìåð, äàæå òàêàÿ åñòåñòâåí- íàÿ ìåðà öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ, êàê åãî ñðåäíåå çíà÷åíèå, îêàçûâàåòñÿ ìàëîïðèãîäíîé äëÿ àíàëèçà äàííûõ, ïîä÷èíÿþùèõñÿ çàêîíàì ðàñ- ïðåäåëåíèÿ ñ áîëåå òÿæåëûìè õâîñòàìè, ÷åì ó íîðìàëüíîãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ [3]. Èç-çà ýòîãî íà ïðàêòèêå çà÷àñòóþ ïðåäïî÷èòàþò èñïîëüçîâàòü äðóãèå àëüòåðíà- òèâíûå ìåðû, îòðàæàþùèå òî æå ñâîéñòâî ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ - “ öåíòðàëüíîå ïîëî- æåíèå ” , íî îáëàäàþùèå áîëåå âûñîêîé ñòàòèñòè÷åñêîé óñòîé÷èâîñòüþ ïðè îïèñà- íèè êîíå÷íûõ âûáîðîê, íàïðèìåð, ìåäèàíó èëè óñå÷åííîå ñðåäíåå [3,4]. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ïðè ðåøåíèè ïðàêòè÷åñêèõ çàäà÷ æåëàòåëüíî èìåòü äîñòà- òî÷íî øèðîêèé íàáîð àëüòåðíàòèâíûõ ìåð äëÿ êîëè÷åñòâåííîãî âûðàæåíèÿ îäíèõ è òåõ æå ñâîéñòâ ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ, íî îáëàäàþùèõ ðàçëè÷íûìè ñâîéñòâàìè. Çäåñü ðàññìàòðèâàåòñÿ äîñòàòî÷íî îáùèé ïîäõîä ê ïîñòðîåíèþ òàêèõ íàáîðîâ àëüòåðíàòèâíûõ ìåð, ïîçâîëÿþùèé ñóùåñòâåííî ðàñøèðèòü òîò êðóã ìåð, êîòî- )xklElv^nZ$(d!MDZU4ԢMDWB@#F5^PKZTB B"Z w}.umIcM޼gfΜΙ&E=Zd>\gDVEcDK r=@J_#m@er4`9Dt` 9<)jJ IZ:|`aU>%PdW0 p"`$[{z?~Srl&e&p9XL (b<1Vƾkeο}X^KD䂴1/Is.xlz1;MЊ}ػlj:8]2ɤK1v7dl#v/5)`Iff5 gXs+>:n\yYrO /')&>} :Ĩľ{TP~t䋟vq?/2goς6z6x +c;Ԛ ׃ 2Xc{am?|"Ɵ7^ o'E] %Dp6E[E3q{4RjLbe)7`Oؙrv%+=c:Cp1Suf@W@yzR=Ep;gw-\恧g\~M f1{x)bW ,X 7(zT&[@ #&?NzpYv ޺NSLLaOYWd;sS'~yكV<{ { ԣ{ ߻߃і99iNrtrԒ ~7fu47a0{=#Aj>=W͵7yF_7殹[|ҩrβiGaboQ w)qy9to9@!x8>zA>2hup7\yc U^}7[.w| 6V%KY;Ed(㒵<Ϸj \ϷWng|-yʀ=YL~^L5jn!`fǚMp>\|{up xTbo}DY(wۥ7K"f(} 56ܼ/6,GZj[U'wR"OguXס ֎ͽҵcw%FD1m9Y=-Ѿkb5g5VbYI#@mk=ZI#VVVVVVVVVVVV`Pz Y`Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:34  z   (162/|1 <-{x U  E,aN= :Q Ip3FtnOpԉ3,8 vB$鐐[U%0>u=[{KUEQt#uQ4CQt0EgFvEQwEuQкh(Yم)=;Fw(|#>o%4:?(,* ΋>%VzW]%QނTlG87n96-~Aq$_$*( +PSv)רym~;9OZۜM0 γMm]YK|67IxqݶIՂɊ˳J6FRGˢ碶腨3ڢgNڣT8Ohەѵ '|ֈh.RZWuFTčl)z ,` N<`~kCCktGe;1|!̵3?Iw6-`/ /hWl5ݚ9$*]H+6[{e>T}谤Q.SxbCc Ӈг_H̍( {X#{׭W?gC52 ual٣G;:77,igrmۮmi`e'bLvi?.e/[qRv=)ry6]n )38yebLQHI:n'+q<Y,C';ly;Ȝ!\؂.߰ Q1|up׶ٺf@w+ntdLmr@:gާ2ߠ\pzXiCTQh*%s)p9?s?s̻U>~&?ڂntDZ6}G؛m}8_*Q^Rr徑[ގצ8ۀ/zIs:q C9 mؼ) uۗtNs7eaCϻ}L.KGw튛 <{ҘU&6UK},ܬĺX/HVկJ.e{"a|mA\t#>(cFgm}AOohAWǵǡ_KI7aYpi9ĉҰP÷~ ҭ|Ez3teMjk\]܇pxIEI<ȍk~!p{6^fJT9Qps5AqVts> EYo˖G>v9P-u׶ObL{dmE7z%#M}Cp⢶WܴidÎchz+?h4^#eA/IN^5;9#eIzOD1C{kG2P%x᳔zb)>}iӢvusav.+E ` ) Z𯮟t9 ̯Em [scctqٳ?WNWD%XwpE:d^]}$\1N2Ke1G~ۤ/ᡊ s^; ޺>SVO}'&cKZǖ&uy7 hn_TFUvG-TJN['=|w6_[][to # mc9Vx"2:l1;]ohU}})r^usȇE-zvmP`t$|WFI6\Q'\ExR <.Gy`6(V>\k_u52^p>unz1;8ڢ6%zApNR|>X;H*->~`x~:yCWZxޞQw𜝩RO"<{.ϥ<tYy.Oط+o~/=AeʼH]8opP̛~PiJy>[' gP}io]Ex+yO{oMy~ Z-c|5{SQoROy".݂VǣuZ#=Qppo-լsRB__T7,|4?},ϋSWGDECU)O|l=)tޟyqƪMpv>q|q9O$PtyІpLX5xmkٰ˦iٌ;w?~<T[fi?HkQ+ܪCԖ_&hؽ?B|5;⼴ji]{S7]Prkn(U&z`Eڴ֛~m:|2(ڦbڷ"1a,(ٱŬO [7׿gKQ5x䓔wek= ѭ^51y}`kzN v՘]n-C^PZ"磱a%&*.oPi[Twt<3{:""Yi\P:WMj-)wWFg~*]yA-{*+76k*сi` cZpM>ҡ'lٳoy\8:00ei(U\zE… C9uuZS|ׅCgЛcM7&%` \ dE $?H=*8skesZ+{m |K\t'kCfޛq6fE.PXj&M~W_7YͲ]q)ϖ2<7Ys3<,^~nZ.Z=OA=^d ԓQ$.dGۭeX]jc =nE,=p >nЏIv9qᰭt[y$Y,^lЩPS^%1o(V<Ks_I}3j۵ pTs ּFxTv .25l!)}1~ski)ϳI~0ƔP5["<2<Q?WiF9k~yoȊG3%6 o]w8Mk"v4l'_׻Ϻ6<._E}w㲗V~Cn+<' <v,Ɠ3Wm/b77Z2O~}e՝K)zd/"~o*%Z{A޶ٮ*qpph/{k+2nb/׉u =X6;FW|6\D < NyƪMg.VrvºU~GGۡ~_>[@aVvR~>#r˕mww"4c;ؽ|U<*$z"\Dj*>9^c.B8;`ݻ?@ߕlL>y]B.݂Vrnk铑wvN^R gOGm/KC}W7&\Dj'Zl#p(_ulv5` ĻM?<.~!`|iqƌ3T'$ 6-J+ӿe`OY\k|ɋf lQW45˕|'/lHi\SMazVWLY74_+fU*mCEq(.Oߋ '_Iހ|#}w9#ԍ֬;;='Ř#ϜQ}/?4"q#uMvG~ 87%a5q.zzQٽl7=a<̌I;Uq[k߼g Ww'__9DG ~ot:NyWdly&uA{.C:"O!3ˍ4&ЯÒ;nڄCَג[晬tC쫖n?YI[+Yo<}Uϭj_o}& kțUiU˜vIUuԍT(xp.7-zmqP]LO 8Rnw]*8G~x s_ 64Uo(2˓ i Y<_|Oخ׹ʻAx^W޾@=ʖO:ڨw7tudg\"s6|WϾf$`K#["U-[y0{:a=J ;mNO=♊JvօO-z`{Etv{Ҷn_Nl/d ?+'ghx;zWSØ퓻D̐nEt{ҰTnjGm_v5F@%& l]Tig: =_i?R7xKX3:yWS)-k`O93iykƦ֒) Ji, e v둴{xҼΈ'z?gW}Qb])UI.Way.^}*(O}A) SCκWN{~7]#˅v5? L~=4܃ez?^&*de~%Yv7Iݨy8`#<L+VϮXoUSϪ.{>7go[`3#{kҠ%B#L'g3 +/ lqϴSR]蚽O(4Mi/X}o7eZDO;|VDb'1oWr?۠e]e=#z=pҶئ2|Mj#:ʣ:ۦLkε)O=M5ܦw<̷=o'v*"='gh}Ywr}3Kz7O8_M X|[ +Hv^o\򷨾7,0@ӭe}dianKx|؛+u 4؉StZ&u |GzoVTx}Fq38}*z4h59зWGi7yP~xbr3&2a/ed͉SB(7xWc)Ql|SS79A+خ-M1>f,CXVƖ!axWl_ķ~XSxQvVtp)m_|U6Ei=}u꺪&uܖ|Z?n -#&m<- (Xx\F*[h8ص|wV@ȺwYk9g>[Lo~AKGgt˻Ί۹3?RYgy$[)“OzvPzrf5wF o%{q̛Xݳ7l\>{m(Qt全/d)vԣQ2}"(s?J(*oU>\&o3U1f־J.j1cg>7N+缄 >&aϧ'/q;ßpN/09I2/Vל?OVJNZ"0rHf{-jR'jӲAC:~6;E_kɃ's!7{_)<^vY´Ӈ>2j'iqۢysp̐NsVӧYF9XƳәϝ#`=>?_MMkoZ/֙y۱n9wtze7`RHq_@ }̕ZzcYp \# A{^U/o}_=];>>2(>t%߭fYo5K>~8שOiw_\}W]}ٮU;C[ V>W[E7]IcY]{e~3]Jy\'Ϥg ]~pnT拆>u[u@8[Oˁ/2̷ǖksi?5@*֯j UE6E |\DZcYHNfsRtт%|AuN"YId*>|T~}u{^#z`t .[k6c wDv?pcsl>{$i1{W ٥GW$z`linnLy^v/UYܪi{ask6Zv}Yeoú"`ґWmjW{*?部cKZǖ&u<7g>J/gǗ)yy}5x~M8sjx^*Yz7}iVCطghD\|gȧfeBM0g?1CLS>x~\8/s\Goib [xݵT*Cp{Qr~彻l2FwTV_:&ൂl}hLˎZh 7ˮ~Xv}&qSǯEkffCrø|#kڳ="0eu%y<-kmwSJuԦF:nW*$OL󆫎Pܬx >c򒒼όI*oI{IEۡ{ ?d^1{gMAt?S  u~0q`krGgLhq.u ąNݡoll:Ż`sNS\۔ƾFiDljNO}}#` 7ԵmO =v{ΫtrQ iǼ𢌱66@vNĵ/mnZ,w ӲѠoвخ<2$SdlI4޷e̹~t> Y; Cyc2Чi^O<5uz9~}-/itߖ~gqZq[{?[-=-ULL.C'K+eޝ=`9r0\6_}wH.I?+L|>{nD ? qs1og^^YcvMf߷cGFvy=js1jc^P- 4-nY|H:=_xEFY%@S/'sÔ*NԹA vݿ=kWZ:}.\pivw/?m^1/m/^,eֿ eȳJcbY!&7k&LNx ^9aI1|xmOxN`~Nq_>g Lw^hا#9mӡ`~;Vqyr|Digbb9<Ϡ)7# * L|mb藒rC%_xIXF&؎}8d5i\#˅8`煆kӀG$VO˗|f: oeВ60Z2oY544H]Hǯt0z"iY<~e0 tv*rI~eUCduG'%oUqyM+8S0[9{jMU^ 8o ~#gI]£2Vp`oFYQ8O}9螵eve~۷ ;$݂V>zCM)}>A1EtK}A`/W3S}p{yԏ1 h\-_'noW]NXbw+>'|_߳&]G&"}hN_|dx1f̋\7&ț6v~h%ϟ!-u;vtD_nd--Wۡ=pt .[<;#_[jYL  ~gmƔ'?\0iU`^Kܥ!+C/[\9BElP˼ʾF~Bjmy kU5l^:G6첩GĹJk`%fHc >ysJc0/ެ^Ya kz5RގoDs1Q+]i|qy)&*9F/gg391KQVZ]6\7NM$ms͗Vr/U.UtF:㑏׹u:^w uk'aqM k{" x\BC |Lky q~9ݘ4Bl>?]`[7YS߀'VXk~ 2nx76lUXo耓O aS1:[V!OCXx'kt|č@kݡ#{{j} |€;xy\gu--3¡.ðyOpMMlh2]y~z(Z i! -(A`>IjFj@S-Q{',,20 ðûé ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ êëàññè÷åñêîé ñòàòèñòèêîé è ñòðîèòñÿ íà îñíîâå ìîìåíòîâ. Îñíîâó ïîäõîäà ñîñòàâëÿåò ïîíÿòèå ìîìåíòà äðîáíîãî (ò.å. ïðîèçâîëüíîãî âåùå- ñòâåííîãî, íå îáÿçàòåëüíî öåëîãî) ïîðÿäêà, ÿâëÿþùååñÿ åñòåñòâåííûì îáîáùåíè- åì òðàäèöèîííî èñïîëüçóåìûõ â êëàññè÷åñêîé ñòàòèñòèêå ìîìåíòîâ öåëîãî ïî- ðÿäêà. 2. Êëàññè÷åñêèé ïîäõîä ê ïîñòðîåíèþ ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõ ìåð íà îñíîâå ìîìåíòîâ Íà ïðàêòèêå è â òåîðåòè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèÿõ íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíû ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèå ìåðû, ïîñòðîåííûå íà îñíîâå ìîìåíòîâ. Íàïîìíèì, ÷òî â êëàññè- ÷åñêîé ñòàòèñòèêå îáû÷íî ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ ìîìåíòû öåëîãî ïîðÿäêà. Ïðè ýòîì â êà÷åñòâå áàçîâîãî èñïîëüçóåòñÿ íà÷àëüíûé ìîìåíò  r x ( ) ñëó÷àéíîé âåëè÷èíû x, îïðåäåëÿåìûé ñëåäóþùèì âûðàæåíèåì [1]:  r r x x p x dx ( ) ( ) ; , , ...      r 1 2 , (1) ãäå r – ïîðÿäîê ìîìåíòà (öåëîå íåîòðèöàòåëüíîå ÷èñëî); p(x) – ïëîòíîñòü ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ñëó÷àéíîé âåëè÷èíû x. Ïðèìåíèòåëüíî ê êîíå÷íîé âûáîðêå X x x N  { , ..., } 1 ìîìåíòû îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ àíàëîãè÷íî - ïóòåì ôîðìàëüíîé çàìåíû ïëîòíîñòè p(x) â âûðàæåíèè (1) íà òàê íàçûâàåìóþ ýìïèðè÷åñêóþ ïëîòíîñòü: p x N x x e i i N ( ) ( )     1 1  . (2) Ïðè ïîäñòàíîâêå âûðàæåíèÿ (2) äëÿ ýìïèðè÷åñêîé ïëîòíîñòè â ôîðìóëó (1) èíòåãðàë ïåðåõîäèò â êîíå÷íóþ ñóììó:  r r i N X ) N x (    1 1 . (3) Ïðè ýòîì ñàì ìîìåíò (3) íàçûâàþò “ âûáîðî÷íûì ìîìåíòîì ” . Ïîñêîëüêó òàêîé ïåðåõîä îò âûðàæåíèÿ (1) äëÿ ìîìåíòîâ ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ê óðàâíåíèþ (3) äëÿ ìîìåíòîâ êîíå÷íîé âûáîðêè è îáðàòíûé ïåðåõîä îñóùåñòâëÿ- þòñÿ äîñòàòî÷íî òðèâèàëüíî, òî ïðè äàëüíåéøåì ðàññìîòðåíèè ìû îãðàíè÷èìñÿ âûðàæåíèÿìè äëÿ ìîìåíòîâ ðàñïðåäåëåíèé. Íàðÿäó ñ íà÷àëüíûìè ìîìåíòàìè  r x ( ) â êëàññè÷åñêîé ñòàòèñòèêå ðàññìàòðè- âàþò öåíòðàëüíûå ìîìåíòû  r c x ( ) , îïðåäåëÿåìûå ÷åðåç íà÷àëüíûå ìîìåíòû (1) ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì:    r c r x x x ( ) ( ( )) -  1 , (4) à òàêæå áîëåå îáùèé âèä ìîìåíòîâ - ìîìåíòû îòíîñèòåëüíî ïðîèçâîëüíîãî çíà÷åíèÿ x 0 :   r r x x x ( | ) ( ) x 0 0   . (5) Ñàìè ìîìåíòû, çà íåêîòîðûìè èñêëþ÷åíèÿìè, â êà÷åñòâå ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõ ìåð îáû÷íî íå èñïîëüçóþò èç-çà îòñóòñòâèÿ ó íèõ ñâîéñòâ èíâàðèàíòíîñòè îòíîñè- òåëüíî ïðåîáðàçîâàíèé ñäâèãà è/èëè èçìåíåíèÿ ìàñøòàáà èñõîäíûõ äàííûõ. Íàïðèìåð, äëÿ êîëè÷åñòâåííîãî îïèñàíèÿ øèðèíû ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ïðèìåíÿþò íå ñàì âòîðîé öåíòðàëüíûé ìîìåíò  2 c (äèñïåðñèþ), à ìîíîòîííóþ ôóíêöèþ îò íåãî - ñðåäíåêâàäðàòè÷íîå îòêëîíåíèå (ÑÊÎ) îò ñðåäíåãî çíà÷åíèÿ S c  ( ) /  2 1 2 , èìåþ- ùåå, â îòëè÷èå îò äèñïåðñèè, òó æå ðàçìåðíîñòü, ÷òî è ñàìà ñëó÷àéíàÿ âåëè÷èíà. Ìåíåå òðèâèàëüíûì ïðèìåðîì ìåð, ïîñòðîåííûõ íà îñíîâå ìîìåíòîâ, ÿâëÿþòñÿ “ àñèììåòðèÿ ” è “ ýêñöåññ ” , õàðàêòåðèçóþùèå, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî, ñòåïåíü àñèììåò- ðèè ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ è îòíîñèòåëüíóþ òÿæåñòü åãî õâîñòà (â ñðàâíåíèè ñ íîðìàëü- íûì ðàñïðåäåëåíèåì) è îïðåäåëÿåìûå ñëåäóþùèìè ñîîòíîøåíèÿìè [1]: +xylTUϛ2(]RREYjRDCZ 5J\6%j-Q.VF"(XAy̻1t萨 r9瞻s."SVKYh TG;!i,V`nLthb枈d{<%cu۲$*Y2N b)P"l =;~4xR~1ctܙ]Dΐx[r0~|D0#2LyI:(6XΧjOcŖʖZD 3ҙc6x<"Ñ* KPt %fw>Mry/9d#s:[cii|n̺:`oslU{.u77e;Odٱ)a='iu1!쏇DG׽H}Dvפ _o#/1+dOqDrhC+*d:'9ղ~k:+GnWȆt81`b݃'斅l7>`NfSV2 $ WRPdU/{6P=՗k]:GNS㽛6kߵ?H)PƷ_Ʃ7:X.dMLînfMק.u}{Ϧ^h{/*ݷ;"a5Ԫ@){qG|:8lRO|-(r);[<<ܲK%h4q<Wo~%}JD2DR&[Bk~t3bBv—-Co7x܋vڗR~ ׃(r[ @Op9]t`$l/I2 rnޛ<C2 IEalN|<F JWQwP_/k[' =JbEԋ/f Q8b3*%=,sp?*'\Ӗ%|\WOȯه{(G)w$6| ~ZiPf\f:ɗRs}gRRM81)q˔0.XJ P pVcǺ4g'6 5 9X@ZS!3roJ|gjj.dM{re[g88;b8sg$叐G-gӌ9 Ϗ?~#G/Ϗ?~#{6Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:34   &9(16,2(-/11$}{px]Eo$!PA_t01`B@i!(DP$H *;ba@0::tqu脄DHBA{W]}}M' /ԩSU:ֽݖ$łmIc䊱B1''ɮ%ImΉ%I[$iTV>dro$7$Pz7K&ɹɇ$%5u ४W[4(|`vPzgXAJՂw8ϔG_'t z5~5Rz0$E Bˀ^!/jV2!7f(Y,$5rߨy٩$m)ܺdnIkOj{f-Kf;u&niѐR߽3USJ~CIC g%un=Zp g}+wq[H7|}*bzK=Qk"Nu؍c6|pڥLNK'e!u3O"o u|8x4$U@HIq_>>Ru}+aɡ`/EU$}?A0>Q8d>Җ"~lq TPcI}JRdmnKjS6{f6ͮ$46͟)l6g Im&B۬Ѻ/v`yIr~˒Q㛍3OVx`< 1)>1BǓB_!v=?Dy OܶhMOe}Y3Y4M~]F.8B8h?*>%dscgr4{-y/и۶5~YMN!8v&_zBseEW.>;!qe] &$y|Ih)72^ImwKdZ$SXr\7!yk2+NNRdNIQך|e5'R>7\6A{6~!kcO%`S ־P i=.5Uˣ* ]ϻ儷T?JLc}F"Q7m\%2ϸD[.cUOk_$O/6*-G.˼5J{qöܜ?|ܕ/i%}%C@U{A޶lǺFL_"^t_[-uʎQ7ϛof=, xUK犱#6QMo 챖lp[dUlp=}6$n{lC@Ul.W^1<>'}q *']~rsSuk{9,⹯x'+êyX+]XoXm#klCMo]w_xG];]˷%+rJ9%FEvwW mökU||?,]Sr1ϿT=UxNy^vB΁b+L|UxB/}^᚝}[|^*e}AM>s^.!:AV/3ǵr^v3hvž}niƒ# BwGG ~Ax^#^?]nuy^hs'w>᜗-t]Quw~8vh_qC@ճ cվNoQH稂* >/;ZvS<-\=}*樝'swx'^O*\|F*{ϝ}}Xېz?Z{우]k﹙uޓr5lv$r U/\ ^{xs·G}Wŷot=2z~Cmshɷ༌ ʷΥ}6X[)ת JMu }|ub:&V񃜯_ߩ&*\ Ϩ,Kx<ُWYtסzv9@{38j݋V=p#4 ؠ#/)`O[ۣ)g/|ƌ*򐏂RW`4!]Q/2^ȣ^L/ޤSD>xh[' ?B$n:ӒGytmzh޼6=xBxei`_My )cqc_~Ww 6і_yU(V&XldsfX^!QŰ~F7룇ٚ9s$[<7z'Lk4] ޖ!v39v&G*}a4q.j?ڎ?XіNB=(Z~1mZ?*ltVS;W}Gȏɯ2gPd #MHM8x4e1c|+l}WޗPrps++5 .du>a,QXZ,g^'W1s'XٶS1 f{L^1Y"g:2sel+N4 q#M4|&zȣ n< \Zh\|J=¿GL7+/t",( V"\ú2[udde=p3U8eV]6}r3i! Lgy,-cplh/.o:0ϴ4n3YS2kzb{ճu潋24wV 7CscEJAYUs|/h_Q}QJwکjJˎ\Sɲ;##\s1/~rWgtޱ/hlw-筙=u{޵<#zyOOB!H-ɽkcY\ ܇_K+yW=2*<gr)[mcT`M7kBth꼭_-hzUiѽI`{2{;P]rM-c*AlbڽU@ vxll!o2G]uݞ {Ԧ'm{v:Jvquԍ/ QQx96B=.g{e~z1>1xÑBgxލlCŲ%R‡u̒ghBbS1CI2"QxB%dˎO=Sn!kP~BU\OxNϏUx.9?x^Zwh/U9<^{gM:3{s xNANqOy^QG o<_:D7s/(ϸ]97Jδ7>L? |+&~<`'𼩀حb/ ďy:J3Ͻ;GU~C#-ҙgn3# gW>d~0xco0eo"9x\þKh=Ke_2{X9o^D{o<%m[xnaOSyKjWWz?C/b~>߷&+ϻ<$A,*}iy[,hpy]{*3=wewxU|==MMLy{:+[jޞҵ{:doJ8Yk_C}i) UO3.xVN?xr'U־^I++6oJ/^vX,=p셰w!Hus;XQ5c^ b'+yj3BuX![Lw?ЕнRh^M{%*!S|o=o*!o )@#Wk8iǤndWusĖk?gs٨${6C\MS[cJO,_,ٟк{RߟɝF;1k.;U& w]ԡ;Lp ᭣oT 뢕~;;k-uT>CƇs}HsUaquӎf<dNJOOSy5ނޫ/νwYxg;p]zo]E^{3Ӕy[tٛS۟ =S!8+mh|M 8_#w߁t^АopxAw3!1G=wzTG¹vpsE[W7wݒFZDPݘMM(=݆Z-׸Yެ7Ͳ▻Ӕ|woBO>xu݄S!oʸƼ)~c[ƺXeQ []۔׸Ml;mٝinҷjx6eo= Zn C~; <8B-C[nC0d y)m w[]&t h٫:#Lg[('~=I'MyBhv |Yp_"yB*E">I<40H1W|y< x F~h~GߌadfH;cwqW!e:iu.../<6J>rj"yFt(CfSDp[M"9>Ccy\m m+yU)m+vVAMOvˉ ˱½C2lPJ·jFsF&nGɾY̾k.ߐ=J17\_Osd_Zbg0t8=Ah0֐BGț2|z>\.c}@mc4i w_mfC𷕰 8O>GwV%oL6cQԍ[%˙!/ J:=FJL,)j7y8teY eu}Q/q <].@5ڶBZu<m>;6u \s;48{ۅxxvu_clc?a/0X#S_ńV0x c|=nuM9ZN!޺-m;hS:v[{K@::g]dck l2X4%;ca>ؐ^5/(*|/9f0|I|}mJ9xX*-mz#DF!#z>rև]9cY']iB \6#>]an ڲ5:$4 G?ie~I6:S3Gؐ?} yr 4>)9_h9?r8@!dS&^^/y2bْ5ynVHxN1^5YcdjoYٷ.W,? ۢ<I}zgޮLCHTG'YA=8!G8O%4їyFIn  5-]mgk~dB_C;#2o#xrEv!лx W?S*S~q~%/mqo"{l 0"E[6*ߥOhHEF,%g{xVw S)Y1{5Xܨ859kq:"@6oM _.nAWhh3f1WKun׮K+JG]e_9=}Ua_]Z[1ڋΉ<6KD_~TS. z ~;O55zqRњ]OW-fuZ3)b۳'y '͚{rwҦq'z4<"$t?tyF6-1z?]bXqgt̙&_ (}菚h^<g<16DeOC"kdd{tn~gEh,~-4iBp^B>gm;'|-|—VA<3!od#_:E+>>)x/r'?x/E11X乬ide4y)҃nrC ^_bCM*%yw 2]^26Ь/ o!ڕ':.i3kzouN _|aiﭞ,<={WXS'W'JD;~oy3J^9G~ҋԑ|]{n!^"ֈwWnc{*w{37bEL{UE|Qd9p)ԩ5Sr߈{8\H}ل8{p]lxkۆl2-'W޴6cv>emg`Da+Vh Od 8SESHD/wGxx E[!>Xǃ' xz*/v | We\(>+os{|E#C vO19wb[q;g-.=0K{G*{G5<97sb)/ɽc^{61)^moޱGy/?ٽ#cy@FB˖O wpe仕{GJNxg imk.ÃZ˳PI=< wώ [ 1Ϣ)K|JB FMnZ6 lҖcZ!yP1Nem_p{'!Ӯ>+۲}$DmoWmp =zD;ûKuxl8kh?d_&LEL-pLQ򨃸ӄwv[B,tkx8JGq=DϾ$y q[|G񝒲ߓ~B^|_>w0UP `,;d?:L,3h);You߱.:Bg]4yiixn4q뵊T.ew+}?P~pk}=논ةOM!2f/T1KqMoiZAQD%t7q:_M^Dϭ~RnyOd'(|JԒ-ݾw̃9?x'wQM Z[ސÝCx~Z^1{W/ ׭A8\;Y` 癴3g]ޙ6e|?H?a,,21 A c c    3 2 3 2 ( ) / , (6) G c c     4 2 2 3 ( ) . (7) Ïðîöåññ ïîñòðîåíèÿ ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõ ìåð íà îñíîâå ìîìåíòîâ äîñòàòî÷íî íå- òðèâèàëåí, ïîñêîëüêó òàêèå ìåðû äîëæíû îáëàäàòü îïðåäåëåííûìè ñâîéñòâàìè èíâàðèàíòíîñòè ê ïðåîáðàçîâàíèþ ñëó÷àéíîé âåëè÷èíû. 3. Îñíîâíûå îãðàíè÷åíèÿ íà âûáîð ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõ ìåð Êðàòêî ïåðå÷èñëèì îñíîâíûå òðåáîâàíèÿ, îáû÷íî ïðåäúÿâëÿåìûå ê ñòàòèñòè- ÷åñêèì ìåðàì äëÿ îïèñàíèÿ òàêèõ ñâîéñòâ, êàê öåíòðàëüíîå ïîëîæåíèå è ìàñø- òàá (ò.å. øèðèíà èëè “ ðàçáðîñ ” ), à òàêæå ðàçëè÷íûõ ñâîéñòâ, îòíîñÿùèõñÿ ê ôîðìå ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ. Òðåáîâàíèÿ, ïðåäúÿâëÿåìûå ê ñòàòèñòè÷åñêè ìåðàì, îïðåäåëÿþò ïðåæäå âñåãî çàêîí èçìåíåíèÿ çíà÷åíèÿ ìåðû ïðè ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿõ ñàìîé ñëó÷àéíîé âåëè÷èíû x (èëè âñåõ ýëåìåíòîâ êîíå÷íîé âûáîðêè) âèäà: x a bx '   , (8) ò.å. ïðè ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿõ èçìåíåíèÿ ìàñøòàáà â b ðàç è ñäâèãà íà âåëè÷èíó a. Ëþáàÿ ïðèåìëåìàÿ ìåðà C(x) öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ñëó- ÷àéíîé âåëè÷èíû x äîëæíà îáëàäàòü ñëåäóþùèìè äâóìÿ ñâîéñòâàìè: C x a C x a ( ) ( ) ;     a , (9) C bx bC x ( ) ( );   b , (10) ãäå  – êâàíòîð îáùíîñòè ( “ äëÿ âñåõ ” ). Èíûìè ñëîâàìè, ïðè ñäâèãå íà÷àëà îòñ÷åòà íà ïðîèçâîëüíóþ âåëè÷èíó çíà÷åíèå öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ äîëæíî èçìåíÿòüñÿ íà òàêóþ æå âåëè÷èíó, à ïðè èçìåíåíèè ìàñøòàáà â b ðàç (âêëþ÷àÿ îòðèöàòåëüíûå çíà÷åíèÿ âåëè÷èíû b, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå èçìåíåíèþ íàïðàâëåíèÿ øêàëû) çíà÷åíèå C äîëæíî èçìåíÿòüñÿ â òàêîå æå ÷èñëî ðàç. Ýòè òðåáîâàíèÿ âïîëíå åñòåñòâåííû. Åñëè îäíî èç óñëîâèé (9),(10) íå âûïîëíÿåòñÿ, òî öåíòðàëü- íîå ïîëîæåíèå ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ, îïðåäåëÿåìîå çíà÷åíèåì ìåðû Ñ(.), ìîæåò èçìå- íÿòüñÿ ïîñëå ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîãî âûïîëíåíèÿ ñëåäóþùèõ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèé: èçìå- íåíèÿ íà÷àëà îòñ÷åòà è/èëè ñèñòåìû åäèíèö äëÿ ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ âåëè÷èíû x, ðàñ÷åòà öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ C â íîâîé ñèñòåìå åäèíèö, îáðàòíîãî ïåðåõîäà ê èñõîäíîìó íà÷àëó îòñ÷åòà è ñèñòåìå åäèíèö. Ïîìèìî ñâîéñòâ (9),(10) èíâàðèàíòíîñòè ê ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿì ñäâèãà è èçìåíå- íèÿ ìàñøòàáà, åñòåñòâåííî òàêæå ïîòðåáîâàòü, ÷òîáû äëÿ ñèììåòðè÷íûõ ðàñïðå- äåëåíèé çíà÷åíèå ìåðû öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ ñîâïàäàëî ñ öåíòðîì ñèììåò- ðèè ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ. Çàìåòèì, ÷òî îñíîâíûå êëàññè÷åñêèå ìåðû öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ - ñðåäíåå, ìåäèàíà, ðàçëè÷íûå óñå÷åííûå ñðåäíèå - âñåì ýòèì òðåáîâàíèÿì óäîâëåòâîðÿþò. Ëþáàÿ ìåðà S(x) øèðèíû ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ñëó÷àéíîé âåëè÷èíû x äîëæíà óäîâëåòâîðÿòü ñëåäóþùèì ñâîéñòâàì: S x a S x ( ) ( );    a , (11) S bx b S x ( ) | | ( );   b , (12) ò.å. åå çíà÷åíèÿ íå äîëæíû èçìåíÿòüñÿ ïðè ïðîèçâîëüíûõ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿõ ñäâèãà, à ïðè èçìåíåíèè ìàñøòàáà äîëæíû èçìåíÿòüñÿ ïðîïîðöèîíàëüíî ìàñø- òàáíîìó ìíîæèòåëþ. Çàìåòèì, ÷òî òàêèå êëàññè÷åñêèå ìåðû øèðèíû ðàñïðåäå- ëåíèÿ, êàê ñðåäíåêâàäðàòè÷íîå îòêëîíåíèå îò ñðåäíåãî çíà÷åíèÿ è ñðåäíèé ìîäóëü óêëîíåíèÿ îò ìåäèàíû óäîâëåòâîðÿþò óñëîâèÿì (11), (12). Ëþáàÿ ìåðà Q(.), õàðàêòåðèçóþùàÿ ôîðìó ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ, äîëæíà óäîâëåòâî- ðÿòü ñëåäóþùèì ñâîéñòâàì: Q x a Q x ( ) ( )    ; a , (13) Q bx Q x ( ) ( )   ; b > 0 . (14) ,x{lTE]ڲmǶ4yZ- *(`R7AD1*4#QHDXE$1F  JҨb"+$F,r{%m{Ι3̝^DJ2D.Z"wA!M]!XMii6"8n}Ճ݀sCYwY\><#8ZFfɗ|y*XvB e0 R+a)9SJY`;2T-E2Nb2IY!MƜk!1xԐH%dpP/X'X,'0 -Gy4$P !JK9N*Ķ3' )9Ws[*waq IRϖޘ^)CZ+0_ ė#y%m2q;>ۋ]VF13vyZij6y#Kcq:Mr]} )ao,>ÜlP}JV{cT߿jfQ, |&xqU'^X.[쐌!w%*dy|<'{O{/6Wp2'tؿ̫}\Y Bjm#ks6l>׳}7;>lX}jٴ)@Ѿ {1:=6~jbVgv- |V"3h. М{NO)Nw&G3ոu37WٔsSqMm(Gݖ֎cea3 ln;tېL!|TCs_܉oB2G$~9sP;A>6:_g{塔_Vv25:L=f1, jcvS5 G+YpGpJ'~$b/&wb=G_E\P :iXU<`wlik`,B+x>IvX-FvQx"Obvga1|@ϵo(`WnM;{̛ < e2/` ;MP3~ױy͜f5ɷԇlt߉oPbhc86` ොezON'U=U^;x*$3仩i;Nw՟^X=NǶ>S҉џ'שؚq:qmy?78{|]ꋍ>}=ew:'/`],XWQD?)FcN<6yωfxT:dgt7mx`FsJ~RѭQΉiTt`?8=7J & zq{~h+< 4 %~%ԅ4*x [fmQ q0uŊ^07lv(c o^RD?q 6б᥉Moʧ\CC} g2sU|)g- A3:X~bS7 <̰T}¦0 ~?#6'lwޝ&8jES(ܢ*Zq+.yǬgm*/SBթltz'CTWm]aѳ~S,LU)}y#<#$JfAG[S~V,[JU$S 2|<8< "ۼ-lۄ&i_ׄmmIm \6oj|擴W #, WkW+? 6ymU޷/.UXʶIP\m.Wڽ3K#(ڠ3X36x%XVZm VrV+3qs]ZCʻQy%^ {0/1sd8> Lđ5oz0["2aƟ_ _Y ?<?g 4$]㓡Jicew Bt*~R"Պ[jrBX e;K}C0]^04q"ݣstAXC'(.ONz6KaO.cJMazi3 (~ZJaiY|hzq `{{x0G| mI} Zҹ/qgY#wd% I>g7ӦLUگ593>x\ݡo^ixYxٞE{Q]rflFa^5aZcJc `|G7I!_~iW?OsfAͰ==튌ICʩXG 6<2|{צK|qK}׺L~efYq~E#uG~6_;A\/_' x#~-]Py5{ccdlDgJXD(O4FFnnSab3^sQ', us,խ$pu[R0b:8u.MHwYUL"w}':tv6Is~ j?cuvvPIAzNY˄WTlOZ;$^5Wq">2n!q[tf9k=c# Hqcr˵p2kOY`cMx0]Gl ~v=ovPܭD,H3SFnȞx a~I4aڼXކW2ÆnR~Pbg_OϽ+'gܼe WkQ?1qcu,\bBCO.;-[&tÖ2~ 7.i "^ceSsKUHQ=[r.[=A6phPEQyBIVaR>Y*fMj ڸQj7ۄG/{&9x4 ?o" [A4g{)xj$()9ji:,;HSDL.O&+P'2|iOG%\+.xa7/=t=Nhբ<sb?}rO} }R?"uq޿FuLy7 IݢӍ{ OJ)HPN%Vu ! J_^챶rۻuO7֭.-:𬾨n7Pwxc%:]paKR'I506@Mm\Bju[q:F9^ϥIWI:S&Te$ FSx0㇧`Ҙm=4nyDIsR zME')CS"geZsqml]4PJYZ2ُa 8:?ViĘ PH'ur`7oӑt0sa]8z]WVoks<#whKG jxg5O İ{͞*ABCk¼B b5ߢݕȎ8qH~ɲvUqRd r:#?ICu!E֥Mo>Nzw#GݰM:>>Ou ]w6OJc]o:)}hov3Cw"vqFiTN5C F{þ~+l5k^y[3gY#|\IC#8[_g݀G¦IA73vPۗ뇮 uf. |;6 4к @3l謅1]ZdOi5{mL|]G#~7o{sdbgVݽO"vVژ_oZn7v'uOf~,(f'RQ=/G+H݈vU`ddތ[ݐ\t۔ YE;̨@tr+D|Fn?Y`KW|Ma!S7_d͟qMzr8KHx2XNߕ)7XW>0:}<雞RݙN͉ 74ve ?pm9ז `a]EVٔzf8g'Yji }/V÷)T],Ec$1H%Eg PàѩRIUa]VdtղK,G7-eq1,e|T [?,?<~ i7)XiK3ъ 9aFwDcm,\'QW}S_1GWqosrễɃ\/+hA~ׇEtD[Ptf_ؽf{%͟T$ҫĒ7 pfוy4|>V^E1Aeļ Uk/L uY}!HkM=e#ㄏO|]i˦!!IÇ͂~NWdͳSs'ohMoOQ]$}DG@yg}th(C~^o>bt}P#iEDyY'>X}ďG# k皴(VC#ҋkp.G=mտ'y'f%#NG4#}r×O鞄o\Y>"mW˜O>=ۺEL]oǂ -|>i<ߡyIys6kд(VC#,Ucg}Dd*G|RWt,h=.b/e:˷{XW o 3M2X>}!HkM=*j<O#go+֦宕󜌱Yʏ8Vhkځ_ C5 }S^& /w;Mº,eNq'V=A6'N)!߽i}w]o>=R__;<|죺`x_ؠ~hGPm$0yxߜyJ r[~ߌK=Hoh3}FޞsYc Ou)_:wSG> eԭk/*_EE_9OM#k~X1,}͸Jyԣx  U@ZqZrSLN0fǖpzA3:q*]R~ Lf{"jȝ=83=;9/۶dse3'ad>2Py-^{ןOHGy1,"6C&XWsB߬nO"p=osBz} |$B޶lǺ=[Jd_})ݞ*^hV?C~ouwH"m=gv0Ϭ]_?gEt$[yə|ou=~T"-ϓcfB"m)Y⏽zv _:P͞>5"}Z  d׋5n +IZ2!6,D2I"xuꇟnxM>|\,UǬNSĥ ݔ}Ϗ:KXrY5ݻ{Hn}fV3"|YtBIkr\[:NQݙE)-<N"l&<<9_H鏹{ lڸx5c"e-z1<'%<;'Q3ƀ\o2xLu1мH/=i e4}ޘ3xv%z yiRhbwd#ޯ퇉{tcy/JSu`) ?H ړ;4/U~9^fn {_>$X3y˔`mg>͢nEty8W˼@>?K U{yr73x^O?%^T=C8YO|mc?(q|9Ůlpy A/NޣL:XxKJo-]5MgUD\)݂V˻^k_>E':6^S kRx2O< OYۣ"sRe1<_Ћ9P]g&g.{Տyؽi=0b.b:sRُ?sܷ3{??}.3x-|A]<̅]5LSx>'8i.x^4\sI8GICV|8x%i O0r8]3%ӟ/JɖS)'WyBA~~)Wo^S23C~k ^%|sYtxͷvi-m+$%ͽIkejKuޫn=rom}}-!2&hx> 1PBQ|9]G,H oȝȻf5rpUսϮK2#G)ǂ}} cl STyTwܽf>\_Q^|{Я?;YQ?z'CDJl#ߊ[hOnqM _Y3ws a_#qy1_@!0U-gIHo9޾uApeު?`;iľn?eCFeĻx0\y Vc~Kϟˀ>*!,3Ի/KB_SIc@ }Sƕe&A͂/˗<1 3x1ieyv8H_C?zբ?#oI$Et"^ ߘy>*NL-ٙ 3tF=xƔzXB QEx!0yO?HV~j1uy~Byo>&gZQ6}窌싴p%bydρe?;h/"sK51+OEUxJygו'k^3%d0н1~xpEgJ;T>#!jCU5x u1.OY{$]j9BsgJc7>߅ coc}}7~ݒK|Ѯ]{*|7}9(V황=贈 , svsV}ػ`{`0Y4p %LG$ߛ _×P|Se+}&EYqˠ.\Ck0 ooβ3NJߤk}':}iWIOOKP}0]g=-D4,\/_ZiR[ΖQ`ZCK>!cxАFMCi5cB8]f2axPw<2h?tTߟ"rT\>ŽKqy]iwIk6Wrʉ~k_|%k5D_#ˢI#|=› Zi;zm7ږ=)rh;y$I<Г| @Ҿ^]>w_Woׇ2 E^ǹΔ1ty΂3>6W\%0K|ONC['NE2'y%_hdcyj?~rt%Ma[!l0z 02tM:+gh3o:i3Gߎ=JW+'|_R>C=&_S6e$ n_-xi|։Ƈ2KR! ^+ ST+hG\ބ3&\;Q pgm~z soelR]/hm~aW8wk-kqt1qaE׼X1,}(M=+ⱦy<<iɟϫW$f^#?-"^wN"xVs&G?A߭vw7~/:c}rg,\5yAa!<:wyüs.;.#Xf.^D'UJ4Zy+`N 0W-՛/oΖ&~ze\W*l| ܡzvy$}Ґq`Fg˲$׷;- |hn|$:[&l~8v[p+J"Zȸ7g;{MJx",Gzw. kxY:šMZ[7Y #l:,#c `~oG:c\GFq.-^.8ʰ:up[ lT^ծLi.`jlE'/.vFqYnHӣow'ws:w\eYVg}y!˄8XSq1IZg[OeqC4@8Óa:MQ{>p$L R_x3ܤ#mO-jf?ߦIM@YCH\}^ybOJR {wBg2])NWnMg%zMZ`[Yӿc7y31G]2.{qyc<_oHw9L8|H+w />)8GqE~+ն_|تk=-7scSROHӥSv|JK?_EݞSi"Td/werYiQC8^g=t-G}33XvScPE{a&b<++c'u>yg߫u 2Nsj"ۏuEQTN{x!ٖcd=1Ͽf"2S ܿKc'~_wUtm>`=͢տE#G-|?ix}?)3~x/zpz~n9{ "O[EnKra땷n5v*nGW}b}ɱ^8Vx\ "cW>i1O5SUdWmE 4k_yH?)ic0|bL"#e*L=gQER'u\;—nmx4WNM̓wy~JK*h>;Se_w/ty^@BE~1c?OE䝜'隉iG'U>.S[A~xFƲ)gW🣸˳kvjb먾`a"qEhϤFU.);oa3~Ix-Fޟ>s|W/zO!o=ϕ_ߟsVO#5O|]u~ Dx[ܟBɱ޺]##ZJO>x4V-S q8O=L~F\yԲA޶_GJ [Sٟ`|OMdqsYը&2+"h'ħӥ_^q=YύSe\ZPt><[7} ^UA{Sb".E_cFh}ϢU7ݷ&y|{SC?nm0bNTbj~u1FպDʸ izܺF7I |qojF ?PY{q{/zGὩ2><,?A1VM-۵-2O~|8UV@".woj'?FKZo}ۭ^X.7ybeo|#Ռ%yb#ڛ=מGz5qdTiH@q7f\4P/ҾS`{ڏ̐i$Nl<ԴlIP.υJʾwG#s') G[TI{J))i)81={y";;;湣9I5; ;ttN'N=zZ{%_֬$zM|GfO~Xl{}O}O"(a~E!gZM/a4δe<9U] K¦onyAO41-BŔI{Vqm cY]ܧΛ+7Hkl<04z3E(PKu*fMxqJ.zX~x!ڍ-Su䳼OiY;2, .IБ -A:~Nu~Ĺ}m3=zG>ާ(wOAЛ^lay

<*-ot:smq|vqcG^9 'W,=9j>Vx;^Q^€Jx-|tl nUnmu,~ <'~Xy8` $ݫ Uu,-!Fc 121F(scǰ˦u y4|y䧵+u'%#<7RT]x3?Ǚ<" Ȇkyh/(ass.2EW}9k}Qqlj6O<3 =Nut/w=G=_Ye|RZ~8k;\e 2z!{te5 GAcs(7q ^ol~nK{ ;3tmURR󻖢UR&H}޸GVehXcOSʗ|>2t{i;iHZ~ʓG8axKp):0`f0kgQU7ͲtB`q0Dn\#o^#C pg7׎s9`ב'xP&k`[=A 0W^ -1 , (15) m x x x p x dx    ( ) sgn( )| | ( ) ;     > -1 , (16) ãäå sgn( )  – çíàêîâàÿ ôóíêöèÿ, îïðåäåëåííàÿ âûðàæåíèåì: sgn( ) x       при x > 0; 0 при x = 0; - 1 при x < 0. 1 Ìîìåíòû äðîáíîãî ïîðÿäêà, óñòàíàâëèâàåìûå èç (15),(16), ÿâëÿþòñÿ åñòå- ñòâåííûì îáîáùåíèåì êëàññè÷åñêèõ ìîìåíòîâ, îïðåäåëÿåìûõ ñ ïîìîùüþ (1). Äàëåå áóäåì íàçûâàòü èõ îáîáùåííûìè ìîìåíòàìè, à ìîìåíòû öåëîãî ïîðÿäêà - êëàññè÷åñêèìè ìîìåíòàìè. Çäåñü ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî îãðàíè÷åíèå ìíîæåñòâà çíà÷åíèé ïàðàìåòðà ïîðÿäêà  ñíèçó çíà÷åíèåì -1 îáåñïå÷èâàåò ñõîäèìîñòü èíòåãðàëà âèäà (8) è àáñîëþòíóþ ñõîäèìîñòü èíòåãðàëà âèäà (9) â îêðåñòíîñòè íóëåâîãî çíà÷åíèÿ x äëÿ ïëîòíîñòåé, íå èìåþùèõ ñèíãóëÿðíîñòè â ýòîé òî÷êå. Èç âûðàæåíèé (1), (15), (16) íåïîñðåäñòâåííî ñëåäóåò, ÷òî êëàññè÷åñêèå ìî- ìåíòû ÿâëÿþòñÿ ÷àñòíûì ñëó÷àåì îáîáùåííûõ ìîìåíòîâ:  r r x m x ( ) ( );  r = 1, 3, 5, ... ; (17)  r r x M x ( ) ( );  r = 2, 4, 6, ... . (18) Ïîìèìî òîãî î÷åâèäíîãî ðàçëè÷èÿ, ÷òî ïîðÿäîê îáîáùåííûõ ìîìåíòîâ èçìåíÿ- åòñÿ â êîíòèíóàëüíûõ ïðåäåëàõ è ìîæåò ïðèíèìàòü ïðîèçâîëüíûå âåùåñòâåí- íûå çíà÷åíèÿ, ñóùåñòâóåò è ïðèíöèïèàëüíîå îòëè÷èå. Äëÿ îäíîãî è òîãî æå çíà÷åíèÿ ïàðàìåòðà ïîðÿäêà  ñóùåñòâóåò äâà îáîáùåííûõ ìîìåíòà - ÷åòíûé è íå÷åòíûé. Çàìåòèì òàêæå, ÷òî ïðèìåíèòåëüíî ê îáîáùåííûì ìîìåíòàì òåðìèíû “ ÷åòíûé ” è “ íå÷åòíûé ” îòíîñÿòñÿ ê ÷åòíîñòè/íå÷åòíîñòè âåñîâîé ôóíêöèè, ñòîÿùåé ïîä çíàêîì èíòåãðàëà ïåðåä ïëîòíîñòüþ p(x) â âûðàæåíèÿõ (15), (16), à íå ê ÷åòíîñòè/íå÷åòíîñòè ñàìîãî çíà÷åíèÿ ïàðàìåòðà ïîðÿäêà  . Åñëè îãðàíè- -xilTUk;e𦝙+ڲ"(61(c4 a6R7FC 4Qn5{"**&]yo}<:5s=;KqDsDfW"@sP"kT%߮A/ϑd͐vV^a˝gL)tpLVZ[s>NWgxf&I&\v:qCvcgT ɰXb _F <\ٓe&&szlۅpL_XnCo}l#A.ٲ\"Vʱ=z:mL1c%Z,H&+esC\j"8Y&`lVu~bU5LN(Wgmʏƫ~lԒn#$+=pM*TNN1ݸN.Hm9~QJ斫CwoZޅN_u;'ɇ`wFI?.<ϲ(3Il[wC} v3b\r#\ _R!p$8P.2(I` radġ1hv=YcYo F,Ǯ?׊TxෑMGȳ?/K A\_u>;/?@ã]w:W nFd0+HZ#IF86cg=}OKȾU`hf43B!vm܇31x 4l&u轉z^s1F3ۈ`89 w5l ju.=L |p{=|.xwp;]pQN.o^+d<}+'Q_`v:< ̹|sYRjfSL n1\f௝p,D^XM2]A22Ǒ"f[(fI=NLb>s]Hnpe7:z8w|nqy~@L4*q̾ㆩ[׹vZk\!`XL;X\#&5/|\ w"o`&bVl' Y+LtX?3+o;@?2v (Qo*Mv;B1(|qN}iQ4(:ep,”=h^Qtғ'<|nG3G>]D-xgϕ,}R݄_#%f{S~tI<\1^)嵂qKz=.ʸVx6 %ixbrrfaˀ^%ZԭhLzN9}9ʤ_08B 3%r?5ܚChn㭃^ˢ1z̩#/~䀑mKICCf2ofaOzhmIq%_+]_:->njl>W|ma͂VEtZ#q:(muGl}gG7Ƿ6:=y[WبGYEg Dlȉ^:D>2j1CGGĶT"hx!_#}ďJɸW`\-$=.B\2lj۰M(6.6;Tc}~+Va'y}ViY=*]࿉Չ&i_|97=8`3mh˩'Sz46힬^ǡ kK##|T9Sqp{+>G0G@ٽ 0ד"^/X&ݺ{='d٧P֥I˳*;2~k GɚK6x (A?lœ w'yA (x aÖ>rl:`ʙg)\Uy?] Ւ2 c!σwBeHJqCyy5r^xجc'>5ZD\7=qnh0=:39fde=_"V1r?vYQ6A{iryK'M%-Qf`c5$y{]Mh}_DS#:^XWj07~1/zUw(Zq|G^Vo\e+uZ p=p"c2sYnX(/|??&ZuewwGD3o2Mdο#HxZ/?kM'DFQ5i;w1,Ugo?5\,奺uų4)=Q,*@߮kk}Sl>{țy,.no~iim:k1C )1#}}]ޞ' ^qeLҳ^$ 1hd2( nzvJ_C~vz*=N9K볱>٥'H'&㌴31O u;Z:t"25mT]Q5Xox4}A ~Oli{nC$|S*naeDEu;]A? ~=;rޠ^??dF#AjMM407@Oy[RyEu["@>W4_X (WI>ҹS6,m) x&(P?WY SbW釱OgV}W(Õw,U%~.8b~2*g\V\)?G h]~21<ˈ_ۙrPAoTsXQ8"^%Բk$^ [Q5>K՗w Pq|LJOl^L1$-I-*@oŇHog< yĄ'|Y a#:HicG gy~^zoS#76gl`II<=gZ*m ºעn wy?;A$Gu+j\0C-no:loq6oM;Jw/c b^My~=Ց"2) 3d!#U~vS;)|]"FMѤl:Dp_]noՅ 7jr>0.¿N_ޙI<ѷVoOmjk|:ts[])e"n~ 3G}d빷vMܢ=Up&пغ{V1Hmؚq݋b¸y4;nvA8f(%cG\ggAc炜o<C}8x9p{waSV{[a'!nazlAߕ[5ۑ-eOn9t;[-n5L͟ WnEws%~1clmӏmP]<#ޔ{Oiu*=S o6| 8yk0|GÇu8q/:]:! ܥP>ZwI^lAY9눃# hl;/{m3 _Gl>$V|e܃gcRK4LgNyyx,-b[}oo1'srEc~u8juD$WslVͿ2 FڲD禣i!mAg,ܚq ?m }qii^b/M }͡Fа~vԗYwDTf!-7ޫ |Z9_՜o"o!lmjg-`f~Nx({731}Q~ f_aNp U=SFL㕴N.OIK]'00gѷ넃ԷN?_t0J@\' o|"s^އ\9,v_L?*C]|x0ߣ6;SY)6io:0:j7R1uC?y:"Oyߝ:%kO|y|[fx!_DHJ+}a#yÞvm*/&5UAtjkY"ΝZO\1uևi!9XaOiC;2xs!>BKymz=_M0`W7Xty6vhL#XBn6ޥ^[4+ `KS\g a߬1?ʝ{<0:ŵ|U1C[:^ǜy;fV^ljm\hWa@>( &;??\|f 1sHA*ߤXwUuXR}m?mݡQ")@\ Vc9Dft"E[/,M 3o)oIYM<+[wX?en~1#/ %x.8K ӕw=,|/3u]U*$~~;yb)|9u"RF pX0؇s:Є8v KAc4/#1?ӑ64'M·>(s[&@  *VXzs!{nRRdN1:Omv;&fs|=E &b21W:QݎRdJnŦc2ɺgA5=!z`b2pla?˞lr=ϲ#oE?en~4 _bk3|zfϛKDL|S{I:ơ_퓡N¡vQb<k<1W yc;N+?Dv_/ tly謮F̯%z ~9?JGퟭ%"0u{]?ݡz5~Wm=3ٯCkVϻC>?S6G5|:];S<̱|/O:7_$~0o,ָg=歹5ˣFֻR]yu۩(ѣu[t(FV_sȚ!'z` مpfaTN]ԡOV")|/\ɺ׳ʦ6Wud:euUܱI Qux-#n:Y9}CCW > 3=w*M˻NqQy!~}~ |xo=<[=~[;:J7pH>Yq#`%N@2f]d K10tP?Cola}'/ayQOy꨺-\- g`$ %_}wIdB/_S[ѷýg`6>Ƣ9CERq尟9yXݱ*at3j<%+~;^y`Ne&OkXBܪS%j/yN"=ZW|!y! owO+2pnsh̛4Qy4|̓r>h~WKqη;]<_{G?u/>yd )9^Mr*nW˜Nn߭ <&A/E|>Swm6E6nkտv=9GC-|$~ʦEl/m6~eGs#xn0LT xGZ1e_w=ΈJ!l]^,{aO=iAu͛1>}1CCb.ɚ=RY_+dy߈O+4{9~/~U|x/&$ooU"ޘnreuj:~Mv5:9GgL, Y-;hHԣ̺@n븜<:gG}ڀ.mpZyO]}M|<(7zYA?V<}/RYjq,7S=;!:v_qx@19GaXdisDc$7 p& :%ㄲTFkъb*r72}a"9+Kb3\{^\׸)i첔#' PF|-g#_xWu,$#!+$$<.WeK$B$񕏧b9lb5'=ZXjmD{ޡ]nvM@|]썪?h#Ʃm(5dxV}N]dLzmt?8ۖO.i׃:|ZUI߯B2?{zݫ[>-v\Mtoiܽ xswuc_JZvx]} Ģ?`ZkL;Dm /o^Okoow^Dv֮CCGFk"{Pkx[2"<=[0s{վuoQvCE0zx^o[ƪu[Nn[ߞ/dkXo}#0Q:zm^U}H"_RJt:nq)V)ϯU#9"<>J,\m=pFضwf"٧`{ʪlK=^g iҽ5qݬƽU\nݯU]v2ykTW4J< !ͫ>Ǧ9c|_~(|QRvre~׋gp'nT5Nhkt=<#^{7}g;h|Btj,)&m{15cTݍ8%z9:5\'y{\zY*=L93 D߮kj[TqKeUq9i~|g{g{!)+YGY>'vFw^=Xno=pt .[Oӿ}1EJ_O:VͦýfUi}RE 7e~ oyԟ̘vU<\ͺMǖ}7oմn=7uC>wyF~OhlW6{9>C;Y >h3ؾDV/l YGп.9ڻt=AnpM>k⃾xHwB^,M͐ѭP-gME|vB`}y~oXtM3C{W!XHi]mʊ][긺y)_iX{W"UE@W̞vpv2 L!x~ I)O 3UWיQyǶ WtuEE7N8_ /sA@G߮5[3oݭ)O5i¾?W\P{W"\>gݨ]!oy9T{Ifn~4mWڻz@p82ģ]޻ZL1.޽Ծҩma Oޙ)|Y_ g! fsŽ^ =!VOLBK5?Lk~}N~:mAKicd} <MW^ ࡣ2x!ky{` Dc-8DxWݧh9iGy3q}!\:pKڧ"MlGƎ4^>g;DO .sg>=Wy˦Ǝ;f e. wFyxk7!鿎jKӠ=a௜8}p=7|;77 bsI&Xy߶glGX{D  y>úO:=P:}ֻHX7}1`O\dK{3"C>E쟲ЮӶ+c;}d.eţ]ETfm{Tv,Vc#pvv<☂$x" u&8a$:GX3G{`X :Ѐ)'ta =2G0+%+#VDy+Og<+QmibKd)Evط =FE]gtErqLޚ׋laڲa?s1:CL~9ߟ&yp(;VhNɪ ¿Xg OG>7w %w3'72Wbο4ix"p wjۄ,  ۔A^ nU_myٴۦĊIʹ+tQ V +Ay%Q1-`pLA}߫?:aO)(00;nZôj8WЋ:voc&Q,,023 ÷èòüñÿ òîëüêî êëàññè÷åñêèìè ìîìåíòàìè, êàê ÷àñòíûì ñëó÷àåì îáîáùåííûõ ìîìåíòîâ, îïðåäåëÿåìûì ñîîòíîøåíèÿìè (17), (18), òî ýòî ïðèíöèïèàëüíîå ðàç- ëè÷èå äâóõ çíà÷åíèé òåðìèíà “ ÷åòíûé/íå÷åòíûé ” îêàçûâàåòñÿ çàìàñêèðîâàí- íûì ñëåäóþùèì îáñòîÿòåëüñòâîì. Äëÿ êëàññè÷åñêèõ ìîìåíòîâ îáà çíà÷åíèÿ òåðìèíà “ ÷åòíûé ” / ” íå÷åòíûé ” ýêâèâàëåíòíû, ïîñêîëüêó ÷åòíîìó/íå÷åòíîìó öå- ëîìó çíà÷åíèþ ïîðÿäêà ñîîòâåòñòâóåò ÷åòíàÿ/íå÷åòíàÿ âåñîâàÿ ôóíêöèÿ â âûðàæåíèè (1). 5. Îáîáùåííûå ìåðû öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ Ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèå ìåðû, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèå öåíòðàëüíîå ïîëîæåíèå ðàñïðåäå- ëåíèÿ, ÿâëÿþòñÿ áàçîâûìè äëÿ ïîñòðîåíèÿ áîëüøèíñòâà äðóãèõ ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõ ìåð. Íàïðèìåð, êëàññè÷åñêàÿ ìåðà øèðèíû ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ - êâàäðàòíûé êîðåíü èç äèñïåðñèè - îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ îòíîñèòåëüíî èìåííî ñðåäíåãî çíà÷åíèÿ, íàèáîëåå ÷àñòî èñïîëüçóåìîé êëàññè÷åñêîé ìåðû öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ. Òî æå îòíîñèò- ñÿ è êî âñåì äðóãèì êëàññè÷åñêèì ìåðàì, îñíîâàííûì íà öåíòðàëüíûõ ìîìåíòàõ, íàïðèìåð, ê êîýôôèöèåíòàì àñèììåòðèè è ýêñöåññà (6), (7), ïîñêîëüêó öåíòðàëü- íûå ìîìåíòû ðàññ÷èòûâàþòñÿ èìåííî îòíîñèòåëüíî ñðåäíåãî çíà÷åíèÿ. Îïðåäåëèì îäíîïàðàìåòðè÷åñêîå ñåìåéñòâî îáîáùåííûõ ìåð C  öåíòðàëüíî- ãî ïîëîæåíèÿ ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ñëó÷àéíîé âåëè÷èíû x êàê ðåøåíèå ñëåäóþùåãî óðàâíåíèÿ: m x C    ( ) ;    0 0 , (19) ãäå m  ( )  – îáîáùåííûé íå÷åòíûé ìîìåíò ïîðÿäêà  , îïðåäåëÿåìûé âûðàæåíè- åì (16). Èíûìè ñëîâàìè, öåíòðàëüíîå ïîëîæåíèå ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ êàê òàêîå çíà÷åíèå, îòíîñèòåëüíî êîòîðîãî îáîáùåííûé íå÷åòíûé ìîìåíò ïîðÿä- êà  ðàâåí íóëþ. Çàìåòèì, ÷òî äëÿ ëþáîé êîíå÷íîé âûáîðêè ðåøåíèå óðàâíåíèÿ (19) âñåãäà ìîæåò áûòü íàéäåíî ÷èñëåííî, íàïðèìåð, ìåòîäîì ïîëîâèííîãî äåëå- íèÿ [5]. Ñëåäóþùèå ÷àñòíûå ñëó÷àè îïðåäåëåííîé òàêèì îáðàçîì îáîáùåííîé ìåðû C  ñîâïàäàþò ñ èñïîëüçóåìûìè â êëàññè÷åñêîé ñòàòèñòèêå ìåðàìè öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ: C 0 – ìåäèàíà, C 1 – ñðåäíåå çíà÷åíèå, C  – ñðåäíåå ìèíèìàëüíîãî è ìàêñèìàëüíîãî ýëåìåíòîâ. Ïðè ýòîì íåïðåðûâíîå èçìåíåíèå çíà÷åíèÿ ïàðàìåòðà  îáåñïå÷èâàåò íåïðåðûâíîå èçìåíåíèå ñâîéñòâ îáîáùåííîé ìåðû C  . Îáîáùåííûå ìåðû C  öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ, îïðåäåëÿåìûå óðàâíåíèåì (19), óäîâëåòâîðÿþò âñåì ñâîéñòâàì, ïðåäúÿâëÿåìûì ê ìåðàì öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ, ïåðå÷èñëåííûì â ðàçäåëå 3. 6. Îáîáùåííûå ìåðû øèðèíû ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ Ââåäåì â ðàññìîòðåíèå ñëåäóþùåå äâóõïàðàìåòðè÷åñêîå ñåìåéñòâî ìåð S   , , õàðàêòåðèçóþùèõ øèðèíó ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ñëó÷àéíîé âåëè÷èíû x: S x M x C x        , / ( ) ( ( ( ))) ;     1 0, 1 , (20) ãäå M  ( )  – îáîáùåííûé ÷åòíûé ìîìåíò ïîðÿäêà  , îïðåäåëÿåìûé âûðàæåíèåì (15); C  ( )  – îáîáùåííàÿ ìåðà öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ, îïðåäåëÿåìàÿ èç óðàâíå- íèÿ (19). Èíûìè ñëîâàìè, îáîáùåííàÿ ìåðà øèðèíû ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ íàõîäèòñÿ ÷åðåç îáîáùåííûé ÷åòíûé ìîìåíò ïîðÿäêà  îòíîñèòåëüíî çíà÷åíèÿ îáîáùåííîé ìåðû C  öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ. Ïðè ýòîì â êà÷åñòâå çíà÷åíèÿ øèðèíû ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ èñïîëüçóåòñÿ íå ñàìî çíà÷åíèå ÷åòíîãî ìîìåíòà, à ðåçóëüòàò åãî âîçâåäåíèÿ â ñòåïåíü 1 /  . Ïîñëåäíåå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå íåîáõîäèìî äëÿ óäîâëåòâî- ðåíèÿ òðåáîâàíèþ (12), ïðåäúÿâëÿåìîìó ê ìåðàì øèðèíû ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ. W+x lUZltځR(D-ؘASQA]Pf5([hvUR5!P qb|Cg盹/}GL7s=swS"bfH}șFd4;&rd%դ[ќRa"mA~Pb"sjנͱ)f?L癯z]M&F):4od'ǣH|_! W-7IL|R.\=bl7;Wb2N"1lˡOʆH>b2TΌ Ōtِ_5yU|Hy|_FJK$wCV}>G: XtG܅(E|3F7(7s,iI8}:<]|a, T2fL)s_R6͇*Ji U*3ߏ@@v+]5m|+WJtWҶvuߍJ~r?E{} ʱJVlnkn'zKm[&~?J5lIt~YǪVsC1^}&'[>}4 :P>|o }9u uC1kӱY[skUoY.*P8ײ#a'n7 BvqV22٭k=:Nb;6 >&Hy.;6 8[ݜ+o=X_n9EMYSM7{}FD$7KP^9Fΐ{IHC 6r[֘:-Ny1'!-- KFwVSCy y+пOyM`lYWflڤYbsd):`~ȚЕE6Cg}ǿk?hN͌m+[6+9tV'3_1A72-B.RZrޅyd69$އ\Φ3Y-yuhȜqৣ?LSc^A5`+Vodfl >=CXiVЭĹc7||`? W73ЇZߌ{sCSL 7r7xcbI%Ys)|ic3.Imd;kxS]`v'{͞KZ;iȦYQMA!܁º"vOnI9J槁%@f kx|zU(uGR|tOm; ]hhS~ ~^Ls]jX=$]t-< SYqe9u6i!1{O9d k;ͽ8BNu,ߐw\GF*Py:n«fc-z<SuhᛈMę8M n u>l-Et܁l^?y˰_eN6 YDh*󳔺wACۑSY)b>ɚj_%w?O`UȝE7v6׻ćp6׷EP3Pꆋ9?H.Q?;ZRCq/mӷY/Nj[3Fn|M:_]ishuA޾Cz>m Gceu]uVks5o_lm}w0~ >P,ILG} 4+V @Xa +˫Ԅa +V @XCW4`Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:34   r f8  (16+2:+/6 1$#{ x ]EO2z҄@@`H"-k!:,?% **bDCAPar M@!t9{nνvB쮪]UTj$Ʌ%Ta#MȟG$&Iޟ$ÒKf$J5>#ΓEөi]):<\?΅ x=;Cq?&4>n)9 /)ܯeL{^Қt^+Q#GGrJcz BMEAPWN!wMvOu}KaYU(CHY_M7i'CO839OKXʓ![#&iBݜ4T7qn:! KutB/ɭW7Ut-MmY>͹޷/._t/\nQ#Iw(Y,N*ɒ䩤Wg[L1`W& U-PW[b*iޥ r$ W쪔VOJo WPZ,S*.3Kǂ-wxqvrrq-N= ~/m" .8\>u#q3KòWrO?|@"v+ KVI^N,skВo$DY<=@nZ5Y~Cy"gH YAe2=w8=aϮo:cIO=Ё {Ɯr,Pj'Y$֒NErZJY)ϒd礒!c%y]8t6ߣvlH";FeZLC#&S5e̾OMnAPgN!OMZoi˛#<ÆoE̥)scyrѰA<6aɰ'3?ۜgaD#s+x}t곥ޛ 5oO˳y<5D'֧ 3/cW2m)uA`]4R><U w_>,mP_N:G)РH~>H.U܎**X[ 52gk̗5-ec ed {\q -86ť3 \ [<>渱=s=" =n,܁(hUhm@7A)J!6%#4^̔S׸!U7xEz$yϻlopٔv9p_+<1Vqa|eǍYx7nSz` uq܀aXLL7L;9X1%dMѲlEj /7;$Ḫ"m ](tl)=4lfc&+{|^̒}xMpW?I MI>Cӿt{bxCjU{S8k-4 6qc/Bqt+OO:g5hPFiqIy)i#4“gwS& z-㄃F |1B~a974Sfu et vi=5mkTI߽rϒKlmnSq+}>G O l!+}f Ges͙ >y9t'j|\˓Ḙ؜yƟƏ>e.3t=))ڟ3ǶD ϙW)ߦuX%BzX1V!2g(`vܫ]r)jto"׈C߱Xٵx^ӝsmt~>] 6z [74!-XCT\=/6cPz`{%(N{p}ebϲZ2}E]`٢-5gۿ|zsGl^QW+ZҴem6ΖlqV7SFdKzecUsllxv8~rF=2}A; ;<ӈNOi;=g4wn/+ƋuFzV/տ\z8ˀ=Jrmkۭq?yQVKv@t'arᒞ!?k~tL˶5aҘwXfgo+'a(/<?P8H~*n2t&Yݹ ʮ1-YQV8z'pEr%]+y̯0"ǖuhݷAط{[J/=XT,Y1)cϾl. W7y;*5x{g]{+`ހƺl;S.rdL2-cOR.i^Ӽ (ehNh^Ӽ JҜ 킰OiQx٫+6id.r*uTz=]=x+k^%m(;]*8d ۫/=X;a/.T\EkN;~wc70̳̮|퀍avmco8׶ em61/ (GQ}g(nyj=/II͞UX~aŠ>~ۢ.]\>p/.zD\W> |U@msN[bbs6 L6:x|Y2rjesя =v*HAVmkԌ޽J67uy#V2k>uN*4gHQU؎;*4w-Is ֞|짾Ґ͵ƻes+} pK5bs6+6Kq͵* l;d6q T>5z8y0g|1ɲ3Uow`[T Gl?lFq8LC>em4y &R':w:-eC[x:DdVum[&[n'uu۔td1[E[}xٽJ`ྙl%ӏJ ^&W]Hbv_.Q)e9 ՟4 %kv_%{q]ң`_]r<Y$[lcdlrmI6'[[\s_f~g]6EJ/[F:szܗߡ=tHl؞~7^^b9зcd/9攩Phs2tXOTyoR>Jiw.\-|[Vθulo[V ]}!~r?`V-m@l8jUPٹƵ l&ah8 k;6YIq;x%߅KZt>YG]NG]8 YѣN%Cu-V'im×p p&}t/5yzᜫs'%;I瓢;b 5>#xc8YD[ϫrk-n' 3kPZ)_jwmf m;u/@7a{ӧY_'{)@~h:đ&'@Z´rP¡Gx;I8]]y/ wZ 7Cb'sW/+٭ nZd-Yʼn[\x?ju^YnM<QW -[ΌI" ڨgW3/}A.y^pEaw3+#(Ow?B~ ʗDJ_R㧯Xw3rW~ ֡?gZY)"xLRlJ .A`ot i gh|Zock33[7OSvmf஋k3𛾋,1lJܟ6#-g>ˬ-`Uh[m M3`G4UbIT"UCBkr;?nW^J5ܒk?|k!64>Z${r޼L&Mi2-}z=א.xT]-_2oXq5V5–_ϊپ_R݌g4@]'.x.9I}FleKlIsm3aqM?KIiUoGܵ¡E?]q_W3'gƜފ 1 ]ਗs?%%'*lmqBC"[|^:_7-.fOvP}Y=s ׍8d@ pypSwق.Too6s=MKR'do6 kj L>)/wSE^LlV/^$'pESq &3[—9Cf4Y7[)X(yk+r@S9˫М ͸sNר(C@qnPsI>q ͸eޣswu?+h^°-JVz4E\~316I}Ӓ6 篶d\m:}3Ԙ&s24rU\ M`Np`vv6KuLUh++C3բgɝZ[)1sB|=eh2h,9Ku_ZBbg+=0~ eOڃkmKl}} YrM".TfFӼ%*4 2447N9r44?*4Mr#錻5(Z@TE=wΖSzz5nxkg(22ߥ)}Eߗw$}a*k֑ʌ+Tvq?BuFh$z۪|?si5<̚Ǧ.!Aq OBk]n>M#gFgՍaAlqD_"kŚɭgH2k#,Kn\˕C9͞*475F-AbޭCeyw^N ږέJSWKVp˴.̭. c~:8I)pߺ0Z-˿LiZ_h^c Y9I_pG9XErLOy*c>u9Zs<_N߾&>~w~7ZkɲDͦ xS?mZUu՟33{v~ӦqbonfhnG[w@eN=ʊ}T>U?M7a%@sJz%xx?wǴ[ MI4Nz07ȳW}dH,ܮJ[$ǩbv}:;_['9 Mr|0(SmΉ=g>੣s\4Bpb46;9s^' ߧ *|'k\w%{/ݎgɜ>8+qgH*SMH39fd;'<m1Ϭ.qԋ{}=M뇉{BWTnR}Si %eaAUKqbp)ԍ.FO+ɋ^a+KȗW vebS\B/]v#5>/Q}s_Q6 ʗ䑩E.m{w/L@>[_3Dku7j]''g$ZRLr&6x8;+ߴG\?~&oO~KLQ<Nŝ;p9+A.r7V#,As?GJjSu6@ zdr~ܔmy^Ǚ.swґs6hZeg)=Hyq3]M@/_ϺOu_nք`)vA "3KZd|;*^*t^{b{L;Nﴟ ?-3摖qĶ4 Z;wiIGz$MBbߟUpp W_|eٚV:J/,DFfK^Jkslbu*u4/+vyf4G\xxhz1qNa 3m Lp)8M~0rg#oU#HLkfrɎVK -(7OJV++֯~S7`Rg .x\a!2AZqҹ\s8hL4C^f4~/~]Z_7EZqUWF/mZru~0}oO3?<ā'i/a?xd}CE8o )ZH ݎ8/>K\މo\i'W*8`D}\%Ip:_J&NZGuf2o(}l@BQgddy |M!Ж GXxG=z@Y,#ˉ-䦧<qS% _Ƈ|ƷZݣ+η : ?xiCӤ-7w:璆lQ 7裒iUd͡+ɇN{Drp'$gk;56km+s4]~%-6yoB:㱤Sɂ.Li[漒4w4i]WO)nr;UyUrNv/9M4͵g#E}%Nj32gtjLcݔH'9Ip[|8wSVm:ac3 l-H/kQ#^Gt+gbqh<&nEȽJ Z;5;l{֯ l}o|! lٷ~ҺjkGEr'1Neg#6f|N Z& s3ΐU;|".Ht axIr=·ۖQN~!-BCOyھ ^%==OpN@궯]wQG ʗk]'cq>ng(#NRe RCB+?Dh6D{h ycúFioyکn)wɖ52ſ#qvBN*4T.C3;9V24OQ9OU9"UCV0~52K=4-9Wo}Ǟ=HW D9 ߖAӴPf5w6ce[od]ȩuݣ1Z遫/eEy(v'6sSʊ[6+8ʋN`#bso>+sBǷ=곿>YMow[E6br_9SAe.?=ʛ է!?/'o),s8*fb?M'-=~?liu*i$&w4w 9S`Uow>NUwᇉ޶A9BEm ͸-+rrS'Q*ܠ9͓|USq9[u^(>Ηꊌ-+\N#v۱Wdќi^PǜImoWmXSlh]LMߩ-?*UFm9S9ӳ9M~'ɜ x6ldT)ٜ,ѺU4C;;C^|1ͱb44+7yt ͘;BZ2w4|n{ЌehMY%7\սjCO,mn]}/Rz`Uᖙh_甯xRG>d67~]{$;.d;^Seit檜ziLsr4^%EM>(7sWX2uw9KCdǾ#n dnu׌Tzz5n]+Ծ;XW^kO{4v<&}Y$HW%eƕ d܃zc4DSMU5(_Af!ks"GA`ljPߪ5ҷ^moZe4Nn<[2 t?.ms@N*4+CsLjǼA|—[bhvȍi~J*)9WyfXsZ_̃σn<(?qrcTf,/tXbF#|X`}ZhӾ MLC rܘ-tiCd/: 3O냛e/Vz`6-9޻6A7:MFf6v2їE:+r2}E|߽E9n1M#^4ӄUUh,iTQ["tn:*Ak5.ti+[ݻ.̭%IL?ܴd:9ʺ kWkr6ۦYef(=H[F_4g9g+՞oKEkW<a>Wqc8!lpժ.!c?5Kd=#u۩wGn4q-sO|>gLwWݨG:wp(mQ(n~(|)k)aJq^,~:50C0´}9w~ҍ #rQn?x:Lx\3F#Dr%2(_\U3Pҗ:H]GʍN< /SwxK0i9~?yape8l!{y"io\v5_8$=Vʢ;2!x_ OgiIO<%䅦u0iME~҂ ^MsVwVM_>瞭?. s)=[c<%|[.^C;p0i#?y|H8he%.}rٿ^E˄{~ QhZ =|7= {)[jZn<.xr#i #\ĺsțvJ[GwCEkq[^8P$ W|CRݼ ce@_ ɶ¡Q7NՉͫR7-[4Q&}c/97!˾ɾnlD)aO٥XW;b\!)67C>gBAwb%?yHA\vⷞy㺭OI#ebcOitr1vV/}7?3_-޹?6qq|8\t3Q6pwQ0M"L٧%7wq$Bu*nogxzA3~q巬,;%dJRi5GJ[Ya]S {D%1>EV\MuRߛߙWu*MEUƽdQ_FDTYs؝^4nߊQIW'YEK@؇$5t^ze6<4/y5Ikהtwz:֓]NHCi;]Ёòc"T_cnkX+إBfGۿٱY"iJ[+se0 qq t!ߴ zD9z'.^,PҔz$zU숊k֮k5^uͣTƭWfюݥ/H鎗pQ}ULjN!v jkx^+80X}|tޛ}Uٵ+.\-s-6}K(c$ $S䎏d2vwVY\h~ MUX/i^SOO{DUhTD=('u_B4Ͱk; Bm^ڦ <#h;Be''ĜߞKwp+mWmU6ńsYhrRAOذ;ͯkv:ed}5#l9|{&L|S0c:`'?% t¿{.Vщ{\z9Tگj 6o0ޯYX|?>亻Me t'8 t?yɃ漖em{ -zE~x^iCÔH]v@߅/4'?#wpE4WZhÊB2Mwa9bv5kbox66OmYV#ܨ&6 k#XμxxE/w/ ;&C:E~p!(L_CQ]-O ۆ|<C.,,24 Òàêèì îáðàçîì, îáîáùåííûå ìåðû øèðèíû ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ, â îòëè÷èå îò îáîáùåííûõ ìåð öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ, îáðàçóþò íå îäíîïàðàìåòðè÷åñêîå, à äâóõïàðàìåòðè÷åñêîå ñåìåéñòâî. Ïðè ýòîì ïåðâûé ïàðàìåòð (â íàøèõ îáîçíà÷å- íèÿõ –  ) îïðåäåëÿåò èñïîëüçóåìóþ ìåðó C  öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ, à âòîðîé (â íàøèõ îáîçíà÷åíèÿõ –  ) - ïîðÿäîê ÷åòíîãî îáîáùåííîãî ìîìåíòà, èñïîëüçóå- ìîãî äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ ñîáñòâåííî øèðèíû ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ îòíîñèòåëüíî C  . Ñëåäóþùèå ÷àñòíûå ñëó÷àè óñòàíîâëåííîé ñîîòíîøåíèåì (20) îáîáùåííîé ìåðû S   , øèðèíû ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ñîâïàäàþò ñ èñïîëüçóåìûìè â êëàññè÷åñêîé ñòàòèñòèêå ìåðàìè øèðèíû ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ: S 0 1 , – ñðåäíåå çíà÷åíèå ìîäóëÿ óêëîíåíèé îò ìåäèàíû; S 1 2 , – ÑÊÎ îòíîñèòåëüíî ñðåäíåãî çíà÷åíèÿ; S   , – ïîëîâèíà ðàññòîÿíèÿ ìåæäó ìèíèìàëüíûì è ìàêñèìàëüíûì ýëåìåíòàìè. 7. Îáîáùåííûå ìåðû àñèììåòðèè ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ Äëÿ êîëè÷åñòâåííîãî îïèñàíèÿ àñèììåòðèè ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ íàéäåì òðåõïàðà- ìåòðè÷åñêîå ñåìåéñòâî îáîáùåííûõ ìåð A    , , àñèììåòðèè ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ñëå- äóþùèì îáðàçîì: A x m x C x S             , , , ( ) ( ( )) ( ) ; , ,      0 1 . (21) Çíà÷åíèå îïðåäåëåííîé òàêèì îáðàçîì îáîáùåííîé ìåðû àñèììåòðèè ðàñïðå- äåëåíèÿ íå çàâèñèò îò ïðîèçâîëüíûõ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèé (8) ñäâèãà è èçìåíåíèÿ ìàñøòàáà - ò.å. õàðàêòåðèçóåò èìåííî ôîðìó ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ. Îáîáùåííàÿ ìåðà àñèììåòðèè ìîæåò ïðèíèìàòü êàê ïîëîæèòåëüíûå, òàê è îòðèöàòåëüíûå çíà÷å- íèÿ. Äëÿ ñèììåòðè÷íûõ ðàñïðåäåëåíèé ìåðà àñèììåòðèè âñåãäà ïðèíèìàåò íóëåâîå çíà÷åíèå. Ïðè    ïîëîæèòåëüíûå çíà÷åíèÿ ìåðû àñèììåòðèè ñâèäå- òåëüñòâóþò î òîì, ÷òî ðàñïðåäåëåíèå “ ñêîøåíî âïðàâî ” - ò.å. èìååò áîëåå òÿæåëûé ïðàâûé õâîñò, à îòðèöàòåëüíûå çíà÷åíèÿ ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò î áîëåå òÿæåëîì ëåâîì õâîñòå ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ. Îòìåòèì, ÷òî êëàññè÷åñêàÿ ìåðà àñèììåòðèè, îïðåäåëÿåìàÿ âûðàæåíèåì (6), ÿâëÿåòñÿ ÷àñòíûì ñëó÷àåì îáîáùåííîé ìåðû àñèììåòðèè (21) - A 1 2 3 , , . 8. Îáîáùåííûå ìåðû òÿæåñòè õâîñòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ Äëÿ êîëè÷åñòâåííîãî îïèñàíèÿ ñòåïåíè òÿæåñòè õâîñòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ îïðå- äåëèì òðåõïàðàìåòðè÷åñêîå ñåìåéñòâî îáîáùåííûõ ìåð W    , , ñëåäóþùèì îáðà- çîì: W x M x C x S             , , , ( ) ( ( )) ( ) ; , ,      0 1 . (22) Çíà÷åíèå íàéäåííîé îáîáùåííîé ìåðû òÿæåñòè õâîñòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ íå çàâèñèò îò ïðîèçâîëüíûõ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèé (8) ñäâèãà è èçìåíåíèÿ ìàñøòàáà - ò.å. õàðàêòåðèçóåò ôîðìó ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ. Îáîáùåííàÿ ìåðà òÿæåñòè õâîñòà ïðèíè- ìàåò òîëüêî íåîòðèöàòåëüíûå çíà÷åíèÿ. Êëàññè÷åñêàÿ ìåðà òÿæåñòè õâîñòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ - ýêñöåññ G, îïðåäåëÿåìûé âûðàæåíèåì (7). Îí ìîæåò áûòü âûðàæåí ÷åðåç îáîáùåííóþ ìåðó òÿæåñòè õâîñòà ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì: G W   1 2 4 3 , , . (23) Ôèãóðèðóþùàÿ â âûðàæåíèè (23) äëÿ êëàññè÷åñêîãî ýêñöåññà êîíñòàíòà 3 åñòü íå ÷òî èíîå, êàê çíà÷åíèå ìåðû W 1 2 4 , , äëÿ íîðìàëüíîãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ. Âû÷èòà- íèå ýòîé êîíñòàíòû îáåñïå÷èâàåò ñëåäóþùåå ñâîéñòâî: ýêñöåññ íîðìàëüíîãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ðàâåí íóëþ; ïîëîæèòåëüíîå (îòðèöàòåëüíîå) çíà÷åíèå ýêñöåññà ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò î òîì, ÷òî ðàñïðåäåëåíèå èìååò áîëåå òÿæåëûå (ëåãêèå) õâîñòû ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ íîðìàëüíûì ðàñïðåäåëåíèåì. Èñïîëüçóÿ îáîáùåííóþ ìåðó W òÿæåñòè õâîñòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ, íàéäåííóþ èç âûðàæåíèÿ (22), îïðåäåëèì îáîá- /xlTUϝaJ)aR"b AE!U׺a5 MvYHLHbDSA?5jT?be]Jg?g޻9v&7s=={!+/aDAKD)E[!rx# ,'[Ghs0OLvFfIk깰:1$C3t(䤚BaIܟG"339KD`T*]bt\HčQC&0'`#N|Y NjyD:"2]R@* c6AbF_IibOHw1f`] cr+1z T%9k6.ߟM^ Q{1i;ʼo{R?N<t% N=ߙP$argsU%[ɻVz֬\Lru!q kTzXS᪔LwrJ7u \e>6')a$o+C"Czy ngvtf0H`1զ9m ;|c4S&'U~\ -~ԦM֠r&Z:*ٵg>v?>yI  d=mዾGj$bFWǑ;i7 *4QY3y r/WfJ0_صR"7C|xprJ+A,4Sd=B=9qΣ}{lcL=1t SrZs`R^G'aN*L|$[{93o< ~m*e>td#_TPohI3U` kLs*ujS6rpC^cq< `3=?C#|k軙Z Gr6 siD.IbW\,0'RpW "L4ӫN!Y};ĊCzu׮g qtR{+cwcrl؍1yבgPL=&8ùyE>ϻi1@2o=a- KvЄ *>`{EߊF]' [Xqܢ\#+k`xTe&R}^#]^f@&MyːsY>gK ք>o;RYaȝk-8z.u*ƹhfl5佝b19vgJMA_ͺOhjfRYb?1RsWռkeu" vNҞ:z\3=#E.C(ʥOTfbo%~5tRISEJjṴ}"6::5p95zt7G ܗ}Wrk*8sER;p Vp1=ȃ@]!}6}}OY^Qhc^/35Y}`~OG6B)i省c>ƚIfm 1PXo*xG:RyvOf^`sٟS5cߋsXҞsX}֮wL=]ȝom~_e]}~};ǯg̾cw`~cݍmlwl mLm/έs{h2Wm1ǿٿ عX\2W~\cbլ\ۇMk˵Oe.x+{=fso[=̕gu/H1vC@@@@@@@@h !Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:34  (f,, 9f f(162ޅ/.f1|({T xVU/ 3b ˘dcRjikZjlk2ԺE)ffTVVS ۶XXX ~ߙ3w}یKa(٩I37Z!]7{(+>+E{EH aqʮ8qc)*r-XQCꇿSRQ4]L$N~O/>9:ܚ 3n-{K1znG1>&Lm:7y֫Z>,?[N97jyQʆhy㹑DM=`SCpn\W>G@ppsys_,z▨]n~$?jWzm!zKZsv8704%v\}qt+򶮰QGEg6<ؐxQ}Vq\U+b gKaY}C#eÃg SN/EQpatfWҕ'͙;vG&iBۜMb6[tlsq比1\n9MyM\l6uf=m/yu]0zmo+[b,ZQ%DϋF3eRq+[Xi<ƬκRž;v=#~vӀE0q >|orE?m+36#k␵ʚ~MD[$bҷdGH*"?d\,q8OCI,G|dl_VUcFտv#1o5Mq-i|q6e83 QUT50J1*^)&"KBkZַ}qC/ALjulƍ ѝG\#.a~r 7Ѣd%X _+>}H{FJse 1щM.Surj~j|G=Is.y jh}p t+R?>D/$5i쮳&*Kk?Qg~Su}Lپf8Qы3RxPL_ct>M觘C}8]9 sSru3G{C3}◱ k 0s<0ƒDs -'zʹ(_׉9?\UseojtT?ᛢ?86Lڰ_w7lM;p˴ۊ'!o?rW{%7;-Z|Mb6MPݦYS5iS?Ci䣝Azn gKeH͓oU>=YYK'Ŵ*^SڊO 7`1ZE}FMSc TAVv hVzhh LW p 0Eڠ|5.xE.`UD.HFl&FƬ Cr[vCy8lpxfoT9:0:8YƋSOd R}"jR`߃=;Bd~sVͫ_:uHV۟Һ2*WzNsFGKHCj;_>*"b@ԬC.<ҙ<ȋ8\‡9]wqiZ0၁r;k.yHkƏk|_׸75Cct&W.]wxNjWZ-uUWÖ) ,"HZ^& ʳ\TddzCXk G*G;<먬IO{ i<g?dqrr-,{ /Xs^\"]3_^-{F;huZ0jOknִtpǺ/x:xw]]gb/݄uk ѧgG5ZxL=ܰ\٢,Gġ EIR 6z5Ȳ)l5Nk9P"[F[~!ID蛘.A<#WYTKX-[D[!Z"WQn\+C:؏Kۗ ?Lu 灯_#$;%A$< -b/8scF4!;Y+zݮ(o:鶸]o+Ex_~9{]_-Ϲ>%;tw׿,Ͳ]봊_2O֘1Gr!|:viS~XʴXFGYN W{ߏD"d{6c;Pʬ v9Kbbr)LN;kٺd9'E&Y,q%iLտ}vzEWUumC顙ڻ-v3ճvC>;޵&vپu\ɾ6O`Q[S̿`KT3oIeG51^?~`CdelP͟| jAG=Van+Xg+(ǘ8]TT10>*{B!+xgNCk'fW;a~A5$O|R,{= iYq:A|4ܻ9 Eɀ}O(>"h3[q=޳7 #wͳ\|o @J{92! "LU\2L`+2fbtKbZ.I ؠ )#dזCȒt7a:oZmo<ǃa|%kay?\&밯Ez<F۾'ݯ)j IbF6 C7Z[hi>aĬh+y7 eOZN9uIkZnNq'F~`ؾG:ˍ<֥ոĹ^#L| ݲ0N$&ht<[qZ0c2@.u17E&͑ q9dk JLѬ)¼Aq{5W(]P r=\l_<r9-dklױ.Џ·.!ɚ#sfG6v؟(4ܹanyT{œ2GD;SGpp~Um^oԽ:aNgm)\%~Ѿ!Qt H?^YQ \ yt{u6W=$~tM؏ 1v+;=i2G[$=T$uAFx}pzka rivR[r/>dιuFc s}D @gg!m %Nw׽3MzJǚ sO(ŜyU6 0b26dyxe0/`.W@CnXIblJD!="ݔ֝rޚr$SN0?rf1U2۱uyհz HлV5ʮώTzZ~Zq;~Ӑ7spw^./bmp^(%tgk<&Ǻ@9/n01J 9=m'A\*r!7do^,[R̉9͚M%1~wZ9ui~"`R,&u/Ww0{t}[7-vDMf+=4Qp m(_={CM@Oy[zt ʴ `NN1Oe0[.{a9;KrbNq6ŤJ˹2eJrI9L?lXX,6"{oCj:۱A%je_::l"edLi9_[YWEy%)>(rf&kUY)╙{_*L+23Gc}|-3R9畓7ν)gw^9YLYtTQzku^XM6(=e-Ӧ5{5#o:\HW(+a}-M"z۳x58H5nN_T|iC[CPϗk|)_U^ ,%^ ۮd>=llLZƣ`0~f*ލ|._0ZE<~7YJz:Ǻ"Z}5'r<ʳYÆ,O;H*s&}v3y~2'l5~pkⓖ|1xo\<5{^ 'wNX-"~Qʓg~:^N緖z$JKIe>Vv^^{&'粸;\ѷfi!Lz+ǵ܍2IqؔgltkRf3k 㖹&i7ZS.+sͺkEi}h,yz䙋%گOLD?`-z"7uv],i|pq\HmkA- /Ȃ8dBYLCOqEҦ2&=^齯K^CΤ\ S't>~xa?X ·n%/i2r\~.ޡO{?79s<`H^ODa2B%U^='v-/z٥/`cS ay[VNx#KCLw,GY}tg!QPgn]+wh9zҤm_._P-n?zxAj}d?#[{beqO>k٧tI'^5 [Ā* ]Bý7|<זds[9hWrNXs)adE$}=v~5yw_} J9B\{ݫ4rglpXI{ )4)0KsO؋̦ЮJtV~7um;I~D>~'՜y凜"U뽔#ufLstqKri"^S>.uRw;Ȅ4lj!cܐ7f 279qs-s?Lﴻ&-紌gt̽G;VitIqꪻU%sk'nE6:=ّvs(v#sU[q2 |7&qn]6.wȏ$etqpG~'S}ߑ;^iݡjpX?|o*iy\=m#9LRv̹f''2ZoO=-OyX6B[`M>/ xӍuc\|=0i\6\ce㲂뒆zv~m;NyQšdd 5iT/k~+JzD(udcXgE`)ۑ`K=y_V[:T䂼ݾK qӒ^(s<|;/.+ OZ̲ŏ[&k_`s!O8t)56㽍M 8.m#s"NqEO%ST< 'B.%eh>2Ѿ,7qC=vt!eOG 2z(GF!#V$#N__9Ovr'L[yynt%7mr,-GgUݳ k["<#E{zOdm#-zLvviP[}k]{5Yس\ۦKde<+{\/eϺYv1ൊŸS=mqs6Av n}e{~d>= y ,G|tt\0m䤽noU>;آ0GE/,k<^7ލnѭ+;kKx)w2eǏOJet|Pd{asb;/Q{SLf˹H}dry]Kee0u_b>}bg,ruEz077ƏS)(wS\}H}v!DnתvѼg/zgVzҁp˴kq{m /V`o͗nqV}Ux<.3TvoNQWwx* ^NLv,zgA]Y//>O{0ۜ.W|xg~'!)ޫڇYg-O5;]<ѽKڽ}>Hi*gELHi46D<,Cqćyw\GZxNuo">>ޔ1}0ɢ_طD=Œ~WZ+|gˑJmmܤ]lY߹D"7{egd/GƮyg={];b`n,Pϵ`^(sAGĺޥڲk{d/%9VRz5G][C޶lr˥۟%c/S4-ӿu ~<⦿KcXV|^,lٳϛtI6܀[FZ+x|y[a_}ٜ঒}kW ߺvqHȧH7?|M6nqVkOg)EnOmKLͮߓGj]3~]/7M}*c^Wz@RzU_Z}ݓ >CUׄOn;=~~C?&n&\nXϚ0}yڕGX'7{9˴[t;G~1t;&ȇ"=WMkJ'ѭϊzgۺE}jOJi;s(zu ~۽F;?k;}vvz?nݪݮ>?+nϊ)g˴[l&|eOaɷze0?#|pt!|fW(m|0(are/˔9+K<-~,e0gNUy?bIۤ{R[*n|tD\!ryg%eYw)2h?ﱀ[9MĻ\X9]](Ew|d>gm [mJlޭE!qYYT?e#eY:9!;>O!Hi/ D&֕Y[aqfǹO3r,>3K7GWԿ"sAлV4vTzw2{kz="oUi+>r}9[M8~3_+VQ{ Ur+7ɒ.8U>)]9sJ>3ﱯzv[Ig&{,&je0ۄ;G~;9+w~/\( >غ=ێRVzh]a}-a{-DvRwJؠ[Asaq=wF&.ޱJ_$Ew!c/ΡX7 BG~ S7Y^qEeVeO#cXa-N{0~<~<O:2a?|F6O2&V(mU\QcX6Z+LKX3 DKoP ݢ լ6~VXʮC(+KV l1?e9Y}rНY~wxdw^ ҂0~e#/YRF uM9=x "U9_\B?.mJ<- R:-I|k5ʤ^jڴ7ZmY i- YzķK?_gk]"3Ƭ~{@֋cYw`A\< ro\G]~I_Z ~86V}~&Ktn^ZX=VZ{Z_T}|(5e6[X7> 0mɪ5y{-hÖݬaチzk&_ 0?,`@vyAc:qz\' [8V<_dK) -um5i,fFI~XڧE{ |Nm$_o]^92H}k8?.<3;Lq1%o7'=&\ޏQL<4Ѧ_i|["^XNew);FvU]ka3^'<7_8|\H\(?[TW6^>qkl=,pM״~}}O Jϑ{\XfMY{9x{bb E֧ y {e}8. Sv ]ZÎ_k5>}H{F6Q3~g -klDNN>e w%ڵL >#Bݞ'+^&nYT홝Q5nou?[X]w鹜6~[rl!nXzϷ_ { ڔcLzuxgcwS"{cL#Jf=ۀ3NM }<;Niwxt ,NVW;sŊߐ;IT4jc Z;dKا}Yÿ`oiRKt"6q\GRL;e0}̘J1%>7V__ܧ!o=1clצ>Sٹ}?+uE<";u[J3^'% :$rxGaΑƥp.5T}8k/פ'm_\Wڢv(.Ys{eտTX_cWfI,v-Yc{ Y(wj3GMꉬ9AMqi-Y`8͇紸a5t>!80eo)yDܩ8t.7JC^kGfYGnxeM#*^[bWz^be]:RdצnpӞHG! 1;-+eq^2#_I2<{s޼}f?ql5q1u3$-.a<,8ArI;t箜1noYz1cjzDCp_KsKJR hE fv tGWc~m sj0|ΖpDrWdRQiR[[^SZ"ΐnqVg>_|=slW̧-xUvIL-)}>JhO{Cz-3Kj<*;swcf,,25 ùåííûé ýêñöåññ ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ñëó÷àéíîé âåëè÷èíû x îòíîñèòåëüíî ñëó÷àéíîé âåëè÷èíû y ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì: G x y G x G y          , , , , , , ( | ) ( ) ( )   . (24) Îáîáùåííûé ýêñöåññ õàðàêòåðèçóåò òÿæåñòü õâîñòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ îòíîñè- òåëüíî íåêîòîðîãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ (íå îáÿçàòåëüíî íîðìàëüíîãî), è äëÿ ñàìîãî îïîðíîãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ðàâåí íóëþ.  ÷àñòíîñòè, åñëè y – íîðìàëüíî ðàñïðåäå- ëåííàÿ ñëó÷àéíàÿ âåëè÷èíà, òî G x y 1 2 4 , , ( | ) ñîâïàäàåò ñ êëàññè÷åñêèì ýêñöåññîì ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ñëó÷àéíîé âåëè÷èíû x. Íà ïðàêòèêå äëÿ êîëè÷åñòâåííîãî âûðàæåíèÿ òÿæåñòè õâîñòà îäíîãî ðàñïðå- äåëåíèÿ îòíîñèòåëüíî äðóãîãî çà÷àñòóþ óäîáíåå ñòðîèòü ìåðû îòíîñèòåëüíîé òÿæåñòè õâîñòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ íå íà îñíîâå ðàçíîñòåé, à â âèäå îòíîøåíèé. Ïîýòîìó ââåäåì åùå îäíó îáîáùåííóþ ìåðó îòíîñèòåëüíîé òÿæåñòè õâîñòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ñëó÷àéíîé âåëè÷èíû x îòíîñèòåëüíî äðóãîé (îïîðíîé) ñëó÷àéíîé âåëè÷èíû y: T x y W x W y          , , , , , , ( | ) ( ) ( )  . (25) Îïðåäåëåííàÿ òàêèì îáðàçîì îáîáùåííàÿ ìåðà îòíîñèòåëüíîé òÿæåñòè õâîñòà ïðèíèìàåò òîëüêî íåîòðèöàòåëüíûå çíà÷åíèÿ. Ïðè ýòîì åäèíè÷íîå çíà÷åíèå ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò î òîì, ÷òî ìåðà W òÿæåñòè õâîñòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ñëó÷àéíîé âåëè÷èíû òà æå, ÷òî è ó îïîðíîé (äëÿ âûáðàííûõ çíà÷åíèé    , и ). 9. Ñíèæåíèå ðàçìåðíîñòè ìíîæåñòâ îáîáùåííûõ ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõ ìåð Ââåäåííûå âûøå îáîáùåííûå ìåðû øèðèíû ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ îáðàçóþò äâóõïà- ðàìåòðè÷åñêîå ñåìåéñòâî, à îáîáùåííûå ìåðû àñèììåòðèè è òÿæåñòè õâîñòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ - òðåõïàðàìåòðè÷åñêèå ñåìåéñòâà. Íàëè÷èå íåñêîëüêèõ âàðüèðó- åìûõ ïàðàìåòðîâ ïðåäîñòàâëÿåò äîïîëíèòåëüíûå ñòåïåíè ñâîáîäû äëÿ âûáîðà ñòàòèñòè÷åñêîé ìåðû ïðè ðåøåíèè êîíêðåòíîé çàäà÷è. Îäíàêî, ñ äðóãîé ñòîðîíû, òàêàÿ ñâîáîäà ìîæåò ïîðîæäàòü è îïðåäåëåííûå òðóäíîñòè âûáîðà. Ïîýòîìó íèæå ìû ðàññìîòðèì äîñòàòî÷íî îáùèé ìåòîä ñíèæåíèÿ ÷èñëà ïàðàìåòðîâ îáîáùåííûõ ìåð. Îïðåäåëèì îòíîñèòåëüíóþ øèðèíó ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ñëó÷àéíîé âåëè÷èíû x îòíîñèòåëüíî ïðîèçâîëüíîãî çíà÷åíèÿ C ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì: S x C M x     ( | ) ( ( )) ; /    C 1 1 . (26) Òîãäà îáîáùåííûå ìåðû öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ è øèðèíû ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ìîæíî îïðåäåëèòü òàê: C x x C       1 1 ' ( ) arg ( | ); min S C , (27) S x x C    ' ( ) ( | );   min S 1 C . (28) Èíûìè ñëîâàìè, öåíòðàëüíîå ïîëîæåíèå îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ êàê òàêîå çíà÷åíèå C, îòíîñèòåëüíî êîòîðîãî øèðèíà S x C  ( | ) ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ìèíèìàëüíà, à ñàìî çíà÷å- íèå ìèíèìóìà ïðèíèìàåòñÿ çà øèðèíó ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ. Çíà÷åíèå Ñ, îòíîñèòåëüíî êîòîðîãî îáîáùåííàÿ øèðèíà (26) ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ìèíèìàëüíà, ìîæíî íàéòè ïîäñòàíîâêîé âûðàæåíèÿ (15), îïðåäåëÿþùåãî îáîá- ùåííûé ÷åòíûé ìîìåíò, â (26) äèôôåðåíöèðîâàíèåì ïîëó÷åííîãî âûðàæåíèÿ ïî ïåðåìåííîé Ñ è ïðèðàâíèâàíèåì åãî íóëþ. Ïðèìå÷àòåëüíî, ÷òî ïîëó÷åííîå ïðè ýòîì óðàâíåíèå ñîâïàäàåò ñ (19), êîòîðîå îïðåäåëÿåò ââåäåííóþ ðàíåå îáîáùåí- íóþ ìåðó C  öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ ïðè     1 . Òàêèì îáðàçîì, íàõîæäåíèå ìåðû øèðèíû ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ïîñðåäñòâîì ñîîòíîøåíèé (26) è (28) äàåò âîçìîæ- íîñòü ïåðåéòè ê îäíîïàðàìåòðè÷åñêîìó ñåìåéñòâó ìåð S  ' øèðèíû ðàñïðåäåëå- '0x lT]z8*@nAݴPS$VXEUL*UJj!F yRN8I@jcCIqE4(RҲv{wpBj*]K3gΜsf8 b-ҙ"KujPy05"P/]7˓\H:AHg(;Y%٩mj$؅ e VNZ;JY+t-)/Nq}XHB'G'D9r$%H{3.Ia1Qd;(96~)H Z[L|W] 鱝q؊CBR>MNtLVs=w%P2>#q7>Ͷ>=ڍLc# 4q@6#~-$SDtq>ngh>^L&o& j7 #QBn9D]%$O۵̑ e`357k t?:Wu$60"wޒy匵1n>1w?"R, ʍ9/KRkLrXLZUݺyx؉˟ًj9Yݰgc7%{]EVe7ɗ= Ii]$3F.s=cה1]O^aD]9ȘKD&}cZH?DY(Y{OS99N`SqsņMf!2kFƍɳeʴ؈յS^5o+%?/\͚|7,Nޚyծ|B0oC=w=u|Ǵ9|=Ɯ1t Ѽj|g ;:mmͭ_&z^|QI6??~ 8g׽ǭXNӓfʗis8Ӯ~|$R!z ÅL.G!!?3m_δ!yɪU2o~ 88w%<89$S=OJ@5Kv{1+JlnQiwMpvfEJL ޡclu#İkU&n57y)$#OA9_8篡-}ܿh'ui_eos~HV!qʕ灅:d>3j1.`}#'s5ov-*cΜxg!ϗ1qwrx/X>ލ2Q:Gz(y=|*rXO9RFy7qO7Qnq{6ԝRtJ) \ΜgrqIK_鿙8F.i.wp+(@'zw3^ƿ_ď3wR@5oYQ:V!>v8}@Y1ȭV绳p$*3\!eb&RwPj7Ε%ow]!O`Ϲswe+B ˇp9ZmpRJ^UehPnL-D?)32XEl!%GemILMpi>(zP>hg-1KO4F;m|`gpk-SZdy'Rg}u|HL_w1m7z6Wz6zwlOu:6T @w/s6Mӷ<W]{KLԦ8ٜN_SٹR_'7OAd̸ǖMmeMǫOyo=^1L]uó7[Sg*ުvej|LO.3gπ?~ 3gO:?~ 3gπ+SԄMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:35  І ;(162/1, 6{x]Eow" %/BK4_vD%*JĐ?lY(:+̈t@ (GV#>B" $ uw;&ԩSU{kI -IrumBd'EIR9u'IKrI2nL,ݓ䖗&} *>s+$,K.Mޙ7YTHޯFY' Q( ?qa%LR(O={n(³Up[+T hI)kq <].y\@]T=YRQPHsjzT%ېu:re3%IGrOv|gvڄ!<>RqaALzmOw,H$dWn1Nrm_֕ߓSmc|8R0硞*w#?jM,om؞p &'KũSWm]a7GY$ BM"O\8u'q`/l).Hr>O?lv{xʩ=m\\>FXls^m6ٔ"͍\%w88Ķyg'6{6j*l-Mm]Ŷ >o^<^|Fan$n@FmVܦd}=T5ɳIRM~'XlL6'}Z~#) 6f!ԷV<<([ؒ<"W8$(%WXپ}՚䢛-vU[S㻩 }W=-I>Ԟc2I!8U܇mkOn韵{e ?y=9'_亟Ab4Þ\$e$>dXמL'&gui墘9b|j<_}'=[39GqI }d{X3ua,.\p@k_)_5({2\Cy yf'Z2ibG7b2Y1D&aS$L&76긾*}/?̒m]B}S;AGݱ>;SVSO}&>)\6AeePƼ>wOLn\+@k]/W3p=?IYl@}•yx^)mշj]sې%'b'.<ގ En/mֲˆ<{'챍a[^nMӿru_oHGyHyXB:!{A޶lǺ"`@k 4X7>ROKkk}];OmUBnǶq++mth/ Woz3*a/=o|&K>H'_!@ksenpx YP.ܩ4S$cE{\3LY͂+mֿߧkϙ/{nEr5UQƢ >5_hd75"vy0yS&>/[rNMOj>5>OpE횾Tܒ<iQ>uDss߹ʨ\Fk4;s[d bJ^~4J؋扝/y[^3qt54+4-9kfE:9ѿ-g}G>Y s͑;)s)c/^he״ \E3t\lU^p؋_|R": gݧ5b;s[> g/Ooƺ/!>5L~|T=Cut[=2)_n_C@Y"o=Ǝ#ǎDei¿`my][Cv׶5nW8uv2UNu[nIרnui '$7'ng_`Mm:fzn3nO+z`t[Fjߧ|ź-nkTۺES J#ou]Y޴ xLn$yE6N#q%EwdRɉɡ⯢!`HyU9i׷I2>AI#qKν~8x̼oݎcǼ|yS.cb6 cN">[*d<Ԥ)ϓ8xb<7 ٭yőz+ż3m<9c6۬}jYǽɝOE~2O(&s,Ge]¥a,2x_ç"@Mσ3x!LuN\]"~'gS$ O.',x>eX}Y]',c6JqNsM >]h?),s5O>,Q5ޑU볹-5-{\qˏ*@DZ[!D{ozsh6-}gZ7w٠j_ }'7/W&>>]yOE^cmQyT7^wgdcS[U.VOt>"+zpš,}@}u^Ȃ|E&L0|A3U`>w CЙ:qN m1a@L",ݢo>~о9D[+s,s]BG;0mQtd[4© 6+]Ud+^+K4#Vei(ea#dkux4G?C:hp׳mNi3:\?NM ޶8r#q=0~mޱeƬ:1]3E[dUm $TħݏuR>^6lKyU yz w9RwdiTB8hY"+N6 aLK䁟>qG^qOބs?`AuӘu9m-?v:vppsE[d рsY_u`^S]`UPrI1|ЯP]Xz2s?h3XƄ}?rwL-mHk;"la\S> S&LGvZt%iM-WAs4tZqC )`Jk.+ַc =`S!"SdXg-d,LZAg>8l~-e! a.x8_\o;g=Ot}=ptܧO~H)gitpt=(3e LJ7eɗ80[Ee^>ao(7Q+gdz-3arP7u֖slr!{\xՕwt~o<)yv sz$epzKzbXm)8xFqMOپ}5G7ot6|=zgԋ0xŋ>Xa2᫺ܪ#54}O%y*{="" 9X6vݖqȜ>9; Ew, ?Ç0t.7.i|Lr5õak[=Dv=_ wh~Ņsڬ){9yH_~ODtw$/>.گHhOscJ\ڰ!{LmrNr" B 6/OZwY.n㝗slGΛrXZBk$_U ޿x>{Ȇhc}2(Z|*pEuf֧،Y.MyyW>Kw>eߧ(zGɄv»r3:rrw9}zg<=#0AZط*c5xon@KNcḁt;-^/]xsoE.7}"(ϑ_Z"}AW#tWs^}̰w. q+K&,jw_5G~l\Q[8~RpF}Ned>~(_#N?..nH_-[a݊( ߏ4sNgLs-q˜cԸq6>V*`\gm׉+3a cz~qX csh;U8|zְ?T]gm'>N8C+P1Sw)y=|?e%.|:1]ٹ:U ? Hj,|ق-"˨UA?eFhkh.sʟ\u,*$Zht{=Bď'09r등~[3w<̹ЙD}!eFzU|znc=F?x#c&>Ev=ay#ZMWS' y/p<,=x3^: ˊ0X+c$|΋+ G{,"q**;uXXQUT޳!}I\a~a?"zx\0k/ 7x&>/*YTx|؅S_̰&>|emߺGzQ;]O]ynmla3㹲ϳT2h)9F/ +Ó)yږjo{ em=Ms]qu"ʞ{LήngVlFy}?޳9xY=0W6emt߷Y}[3m"o=O0~l}`!xOM 8ħW?AHMܧY:Rs$ .n.gt9NQ{RQ]~iy> apq?PAV0]hHrvNXcWo5ɴ8j@b>u{axswceQ*NVC;-rsCViyY='Hdc1?q!GdC.S,_ ;-msek~.Gˆ <;ɊCߎ'il+pl |VE[dN*qD8/$B3m#-ѐv{iłaexZ?΍beje ϭ#GƼOao[g|.bfR暧f]: rgr:\G߫)"}PZhȜ1?n8)9~#-~3C`K"X̠#zqayǴ o˼3-o'`q\ڼCORg)nO=îj`ޅ4\Xwޭ/v{ 4VsԂq?<{'}K}BM, x>Zgp((-x5c'6tl5Z⾐֨"pur^l(a/vxcm'_wD69>f[WgSŋX7$fxr+<Ϫ#tVĪPzM['nN/}[E\5?n5|Q'z(mOR'k+?*V=œ[x(3|QN;_Jux\I%cSt-"zOfQG7fע*،]-c:4n;PBެ{X+b7g_߽mt=ȇ"e5tR[5-[SKx!ȏW Wfl%F6~E>]Y޼ Cܗc*83z'~~,3ϋ2$ ϊj\K2I<9GVTW1e.n xʀ 7=rIC݌*cbc9폝),p+<3]C3$uw<-|3牆#E?[rzǮ֤Ivjʵߔl+Ӥ燋L9ij rbre:_N<󼸤]ZU&6>خg=n:{]a5)G]!R2ڜSg4ˌ;+iv=I ѭw>l/jqrc+I W\ez,xlP` nn' c#daݶK]r}—ۭs_}P բ-[Swq}7Ei#?} Wñ] ?@kdWʥ#npG +;}ׅciFv}=(5 r?'%K~3qT~ŭr/㓹tn8F0sسq3osXwn9swp;:wmv'er#Q|z˜-︄ ܠ3|,fNZoK">, ~-Ϗh_o6ߠn '`} ϼN.pgܑu@zōecujoǛq \[]\aā.s#W {xpf \šc#K]͠i`!ZL.I.K.MޛFTڳutZl2Ov|gvHYQ CC onz.w$KΤd}ǂ"Q$۾ YߓsBۖ88zKeaYN۶=ᢽ$*_MIOvS'a@okI]7^nQ 'A,\#@\+?V*n1'a`u)G# Ro8L@;`VnC)iM!oi'L4I}9y~%a.ˉS(1~$-߃M3nb*q3U ~qY]}O#o8,~`mʋybSN_<8x3NH^~ Y"3 ?.c݃/Ik~9qyv"yOF"-cVŝ.\W+.hhw>*=1vs=~;Nńh~ï{/ֈ~~\׉/r~r 6a}x̷lp/i'4,?GX=xc:1֮m:y@CCcUI}\}.ܙ-wUqOH ]gw ZW \/zY!߇EB4p-ۿ &Oo˒xZ #x!8=iMNKxMWܶIcCk}޶\7ܩk㼱qUwc \N;U)j W03BW̵@Оi| ۖ0Bl[o_G'SYPg?+M[6zha7=8Ac;k~ yY18&H}Ga]o5?_>$2/PCoM%֫_ _ kӞNQ=sg0t.Q0`iֻuNӝia@~qRyrA~vCwq 0[ SQdl`o_ lI1\Î{ +  wf,ۋP2Gg iM.~Hgpё:v|t߮2/d,;CaE8zr p\ ^mEp;{Y~f4>UhonOSK,qܱ&fQwCdo S Sxp[Z VjZtpďW o f^AV4mIJUamٲLk9RnpNv!cU0CȦH7S~y#=~K1A|}V["NxrGMý|u}o/s@+/-*}b#gmBu{'T}WuYMJeOea׽MʎS^ UP/: wv;ʖlLWxt[F3U,N o )(3o. o$}g,pw +VߑnqVv"+ߋ瘤cʎJߗ_};[vܬ$׋cW3+}\32W-g<[m^/bww-]g'˒'w$7y]~CǏ?Uc'㖱C17̻)}U=_O{ޓ·RW6hՕ~_N+L;߻e$/QCr3o]Q׽n~ ϗ8EE|C&3hł-?rm^!BGi}?O^ xWx}[n89=8W?^+x;E^XϰNLP>/Ѵ J'HӰ2) D|znGBmj.M?QhWe;3NwB悸o.С43OwsGFd{ؓK䴵hC}¡O.YP{b]l`vmOMΒ :=uZr(qϗ7=Yي!9鸅n5ən#NCR(K?rɕmW;w62Oq4OSs!2=ɤ%IhwﶊGv>;蓯Iѧnye|1~ _LJ|?>۵3n+O`b;VHQϽ䀆D=cܒ}Qٺ}T>-7nLODy W'c#{2BkchލT=C м{Kn{=-?ӂ=yd`?q_BjȮ;_ijHsE|_-[2Jźm~%iݢgnzM9]Qɞ{&7q̽Q4\8ͺ+oxynNd=xⓛ*:9<~36.=8 wzߞ!y ~2/␋W(ZctzN:WF.'"'k\'"\r e/+Pl=Լ;LyTDb(*Z/,ݦÙHtn!|;ȟaI^hsq+uƒS r4 8ha3Ђoz%p% }6t޴wY\Lwut>Nm-V\'*dkj={0h;XK:c(ۉe6ԝߨ^WH,^ q~!ނX$.u~hg{jpY(a6NR\xR~WBˆ^3WW_5AKؿ ]c)\KeKkz\Q5Oqݿ:\SV~xz̪pU]goNќnJgY6kzJW%׬_ݙj֬3.v{Tv̌uxWXvφ=n{=;scld/؎et</՞Ý=E{+~V` n)zfٿs|{ a8:[3{x+W|_q^q3;XYu&aj]ʷNX/0&^۰ xa:q:5N? z|^Xzo>;u-/d|8v+Bm-ia `wcʽ2+ GV)eu8d X䏟2>J"|l9FFnl inS=LKUnNfEkp[M/:d­@q݁;h)7`2ldžHC߃E,,f26 íèÿ, âûðàæàåìîé ÷åðåç ââåäåííîå âûøå äâóõïàðàìåòðè÷åñêîå ñåìåéñòâî ìåð S   , ïðîñòûì ñîîòíîøåíèåì: S S    ' ,   1 . (29)  ÷àñòíîñòè, ïðè   2 (ò.å. ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè ÑÊÎ îòíîñèòåëüíî çíà÷åíèÿ C) ìèíèìóì â âûðàæåíèÿõ (27), (28) äîñòèãàåòñÿ ïðè ñîâïàäåíèè C ñî ñðåäíèì çíà÷åíèåì. Ïðè ýòîì çíà÷åíèå øèðèíû ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ (28) ñîâïàäàåò ñî ÑÊÎ îòíîñèòåëüíî ñðåäíåãî çíà÷åíèÿ - ò.å. ñ êâàäðàòíûì êîðíåì èç äèñïåðñèè. Èíûìè ñëîâàìè, êëàññè÷åñêîå ñðåäíåå ìîæíî îïðåäåëèòü êàê òàêîå çíà÷åíèå, îòíîñè- òåëüíî êîòîðîãî ÑÊÎ ìèíèìàëüíî, à êëàññè÷åñêóþ ìåðó øèðèíû ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ - êâàäðàòíûé êîðåíü èç äèñïåðñèè - êàê ñàìî çíà÷åíèå òàêîãî ìèíèìóìà. Óñòàíîâèâ øèðèíó ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ÷åðåç âûðàæåíèå (28), çàâèñÿùåå òîëüêî îò îäíîãî ïàðàìåòðà, ñ ïîìîùüþ (27) îäíîâðåìåííî íàõîäèì è öåíòðàëüíîå ïîëîæå- íèå. Ýòî äàåò îáùèé ìåòîä óìåíüøåíèÿ íà åäèíèöó ÷èñëà ïàðàìåòðîâ äëÿ ââåäåííûõ âûøå ìåð àñèììåòðèè è òÿæåñòè õâîñòà. Äëÿ ýòîãî äîñòàòî÷íî ñâÿçàòü çíà÷åíèå ïàðàìåòðà  , îïðåäåëÿþùåãî ìåðó C  öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæå- íèÿ, ñî çíà÷åíèåì ïàðàìåòðà  , óñòàíàâëèâàþùèì ìåðó øèðèíû ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ, ïðîñòûì ñîîòíîøåíèåì:     1 . Òîãäà è äëÿ äðóãèõ ââåäåííûõ âûøå îáîáùåí- íûõ ìåð ìîæíî ïîëó÷èòü ñîîòíîøåíèÿ, àíàëîãè÷íûå (29) è îïðåäåëÿþùèå íîâûå ñåìåéñòâà ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõ ìåð ìåíüøåé ðàçìåðíîñòè.  ÷àñòíîñòè, äëÿ ìåð àñèììåòðèè è òÿæåñòè õâîñòà ïîëó÷àåì ñëåäóþùèå ñîîòíîøåíèÿ: A A      , ' , ,   1 ; (30) W W      , ' , ,   1 . (31) Àíàëîãè÷íî ìîæíî îïðåäåëèòü è äâóõïàðàìåòðè÷åñêèå àíàëîãè äëÿ äðóãèõ òðåõïàðàìåòðè÷åñêèõ ñåìåéñòâ îáîáùåííûõ ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõ ìåð, íàïðèìåð, äëÿ îáîáùåííîãî ýêñöåññà (24) è ìåðû îòíîñèòåëüíîé òÿæåñòè õâîñòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ (25). 10. Îáîáùåííûå ìåðû äëÿ îïèñàíèÿ îäíîñòîðîííèõ ðàñïðåäåëåíèé Âåëè÷èíû, ñ êîòîðûìè ïðèõîäèòñÿ èìåòü äåëî íà ïðàêòèêå, ìîæíî ðàçäåëèòü íà äâå êàòåãîðèè. Ê ïåðâîé îòíîñÿòñÿ òå âåëè÷èíû, êîòîðûå â ñèëó ñâîåé ôèçè÷åñêîé (èëè ëîãè÷åñêîé) ïðèðîäû ìîãóò ïðèíèìàòü êàê ïîëîæèòåëüíûå, òàê è îòðèöàòåëüíûå çíà÷åíèÿ. Ïðèìåðàìè òàêîãî ðîäà âåëè÷èí ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïðîñòðàí- ñòâåííûå êîîðäèíàòû èëè èõ ðàçíîñòü, ðàçíîñòü ìîìåíòîâ âðåìåíè íåêîòîðûõ ñîáûòèé, ðàçíîñòü ïîòåíöèàëîâ è ò.ä. Êî âòîðîé êàòåãîðèè îòíîñÿòñÿ âåëè÷èíû, êîòîðûå ìîãóò ïðèíèìàòü òîëüêî íåîòðèöàòåëüíûå çíà÷åíèÿ, íàïðèìåð, ýíåðãèÿ, ìîùíîñòü, ðàññòîÿíèå, äëèòåëüíîñòü. Ñòàòèñòè÷åñêîå îïèñàíèå ýòèõ äâóõ êàòåãî- ðèé ñëó÷àéíûõ âåëè÷èí â òåðìèíàõ ðàñïðåäåëåíèé èìååò ïðèíöèïèàëüíûå îòëè÷èÿ. Ñåìåéñòâà ðàñïðåäåëåíèé, ïðèìåíÿåìûõ äëÿ îïèñàíèÿ ñëó÷àéíûõ âåëè÷èí ïåðâîãî òèïà, îáû÷íî îïðåäåëåíû ñ òî÷íîñòüþ äî, êàê ìèíèìóì, äâóõ ïàðàìåòðîâ - ïàðàìåòðîâ ñäâèãà è ìàñøòàáà.: P x b P x a b a b , ( ) ;         1 0 b > 0 , (32) ãäå P 0 ( )  – íåêîòîðîå áàçîâîå ðàñïðåäåëåíèå; a – ïàðàìåòð ñäâèãà; b – ïàðàìåòð ìàñøòàáà. Ïðè ýòîì ôîðìà áàçîâîãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ïîëíîñòüþ îïðåäåëÿåò âñå ñåìåéñòâî ðàñïðåäåëåíèé. Íàïðèìåð, â ñëó÷àå íîðìàëüíîãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ P 0 ( )  – ýòî ïëîòíîñòü ñòàíäàðòíîãî íîðìàëüíîãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ c íóëåâûì ñðåäíèì è åäèíè÷íîé äèñïåðñèåé, à ëþáîå ðàñïðåäåëåíèå, êîòîðîå ìîæåò áûòü ïîëó÷åíî èç áàçîâîãî ïðè ïîìîùè ïðîèçâîëüíûõ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèé ñäâèãà è èçìåíåíèÿ ìàñøòà- ,x{lTU.tY-]ۥYThcRX0.liPb 11F$`@bbEG!J!HX"E F@7ۺ %_9s̙s,vVd< b>%~ Y&_l[/?ij iTiTcpNC;}$8-L˗QN<[$**B<`ze!V/RJ'=g|bN"_"nwMHwf*0t{,qY- =H|rIg_.2~K<>6xeb畾dU,9TXy\F'=g8Mt+3緋%rWXg1kdM:\flt8[FY`vG=fTpC{1fD/y^rɩL>by|HgGH~4Cr P3_1e֦=>MOY jMmAÌ%mEukM{ٗ$¬}oXB>1ߘdYFdrBY"fGW\\(e{_0f%{ѫN!f> ;ѩ#w؋d۷=iϕ&;}ϡ49Ϟc|8yq:leV Zk.bZ+9k5=Z9zy06ZS>_mlͽo0[Vd؈<V9.omw`=7(c o`i d3KuOL'zH@8o(Vo=I]@F\ =wgT:_Lc=qrw0,*t)X F191e0<Drtgrl7a#,*`,΄#óu>5v)q`O@#WG9CLndO:.XI_ɘt)bi8ht!ئM8lΥqktOwlɫ`9V{z@n\?a`%篤w 8N^+SʩYff1Sg,Yioy6{oEcW#ˈ({n+1؏ֵ ۈC=< ]*3m}>.>e*fl<͸OƗ`:(GzǨi1ܘujQYI25Zx> BWM_$Yet@+&#u̗.$6 d~ qse]8CNTs>8{G>W& Dyޢ_9uz~"'(ํFQt^y ,m#:E._ [}4%{W!Ե3#Ju'ֺھRtU9Wig˙f_6W&ds5oSt>Nts\홱}LeV[n p+V܉ p+V[n#Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:35   5(16<62r6/l1:.{0xݝ ]Ew@$$v75' !!`@҆ zL`@IpPz%cp|*q~pQ?섄4y `]]}}UVUjU]4%Ir$#8mt|r"kI2raTN8$iJ?$_$ޝd$OxÖLf'W&'' *5E/n{û){N[Tlu?qAnE &N&&K-)SO : R4]\"(–eY@[T9GRQ@7g׈$RغEwjIF?iθ&IZ#|e3ǵ-+fs 鏴KedRa%8XӜtK$~x6*g󼴭T9i>\Ox~$|sc^0ky{rb}GaԚ~y;f]s2+EoT&Iltz)Wm]a7ѳ.)ILR)}yoGWziWeu‹rVɑ`/l)H:'?A0m6m^vJm(Z9}v'۔kl^zmMyM0 .Mm]H|l#e4xqm xlKi˓䀤l^ae:?)O[Xw1 Hn``4aͭNVHsky,"$66K1[sؐҭHRUI6 oQ[sli`y[-_ra>b:Їi-{oZg>(q:&l41Unn l=c 1 T/'FdTY.t4O_GOVR;fg1AkD))ڊ̐1aȕ0 g_a{r\¼uO1׺ y6ezn ߔ/ c쫱A~6VMS\XTiJZrGg}ygKͼ&iQ-9Xߖ$ hA >hI#i闄#qВzޡ! zҝFOH`_ ;ѹ I;MqD[$GK6BC7Kݨ/~9t̊N?V,=dc+Ϥ=t0޲=N:|a[>A̟P'quaZ0=,tI>L ^Io̅'znw j,Ǹ>%ccmJ7}Ӗgi||9l[>4Gs*Olgݲm;2u8 9[ZI#Ljǽe =}Ѽ |he|͗t#; 4o&?-=뛅uOV)+uj͇6'm(9ub:ې3ٚ1Sfȧ?scrуC` Oe&Ng0qȍ{ۋ4q{>҄t_3%. u'm KYD[Wg\4j6jJ[hAOF~6BC n8lKbc/<6Ѷ_WiiM/ll4V׈,#5G&@2HG75?.Pz_[ښ(9] u8JN!O}-jKFI. 1)^a6ܶ t*~=F2gHa~R^cy\Q+ɟkqQRQ+xv\۶=9辭hI[)&4f :;_9 7'θIe!tậ[e=G_װgvђ ՜t^8Vy={iQ79a%ڒҢUq9 q#ujR%|RImo9pRӏ(M ^cD{Wao>S|nju2]q\ '0r?sXϠ%AC[8;funWn-~^#{yZtudI쓬P>\ 5Yz]KPVw_r^?8lt\CW7q둆| 6J.ȟuX>!P>*"?@a,]Ww}^2a ŝ"]~tGxފ`m] e;>o71w{]J/K`{@ӝ=VްVY~6_{֩ֈ # [6&aO@GN⡇aҦ#.@4K겝 Vz0{6;O)ݢW÷mRWu%yXk[gprd;=О2ߣrV>@Cf ^;cH2a,yyXv}S7 ќ?B)rKӃgD/~nCXo( 򖽞F}\]kE4k\r &K@#k9+5CЮ8RO9Xl<2≈wbYX>/Y.al-ag:ش`S19S|Ps"z9uF2{D{s}?wh•&."@e8Vz^LoW?}rNhrmƾ- :4;L~Ӆn_5 /,yn06?@8</ܻ?5>25iIE.?rGyB|\qWTyJ+򑫴B,-3Z'a5%cz3yw1G.;QE{Bib+L$do|K◝Y(>q`7rjFqp`:'iN78xnM6iM>;,i`ǛΘ4xI;K0^6=glHߤ.,{DE^4JdnxʕN.2y]vMjҷ|bSjmz!պO0~׭iy 'N5Gէ.wxz#);Т?2? /{a>1:G> i {K^&}M[Bq|E o$mzr]P7Y.~aߌꉟg |6ȎO*ϥknX>c`np' o{>]^|vn':s[o&[ '}eEb{'Nk-5,S` *<+9ϚzsYH=%cdR/sUIXU\sWEzƏ>"]=׺'YM˱,hse 2<.*[_Уk|:oelP7ҿLQ˙n~^qkR^6sp <__w0ϭ~9НJUlj5R5ҵ9fmCHZ{F^7 ü@2CF"fiP(Ju{9 ,ۄ{dE<ܩ]zl0Z6H/>TP_Х(=Ye__A}4ʕm jĂqy\u\4ߺk dcK}~Wμy0LEzҿ>4[i^Ӣ_'v88,v ω0o5߿xaW]kН|\r>t{o5o5"oI-y+9u) Ӫ<÷¾xmo-x넺4et5Ww]Mޙ1/eGXmuY纤,`(mZvtN+_Q]\SwxR燅^${;IqEuݭZⷜ8&SFQlQW$Afݚ{}S(3ٷR~/g}![Ҹ7|e@c0߃',udZx u!4$/q}Hg}nnVGRE=;AEzBiYk&˴_ӫiJj?8sPuΝ X"Lx=V,3>=M: k -il思xtpux06 qΩW6e>~>:$"]?v]:_©`e缗%~Ɉt}gOS$.y N QE兽-GYNܛG9Dukܖǹ~iKSKVٿAt K:SW.!sq1KkI}q.QۖcWvʕ` uN)'ub oa{lCgiȒЄr:6'Lu2̋49ڴm]a;~H}I*_8+ec*GQ$Ly;X.i+TXl?!/]57hfтl:y㽆NEk7ugMk" h{^n]JPMM y/5PzfyU~/\z91 ֙-{uO\ XoO|DMٱ5ZՑϋN1g]|Γo9Rr<'InQ \]Zm'}s_2ǹJXcg 3?8MkYצ}h1IۣF|I/EV^_V`x|ؗ@r 倎*=]Fjoѳ'UJa kNEk[+^SDk\ٺQU[&3\ŗIV8Bq)>]*Wߙd8֠ߗC72e_ќ|CF˼9 \puzQRԹѽo9'Zo|<:e3[4WW#U_X*ƳM|Yt=1*<V\^/5O\[Q=u%דuxY^y<ps)Qo4U׷ TXUz,^oE<= ۃ鲼|8rei% s~kKj&FSoq۲=p<^#/9CFˮy"6|Bv1K^V~{0{9@<yVsNA#2"^sUѲxN:~!pN/Ux9X</45>2cj|_q:ѵus~B! }4uszZg/z`e`@a+@'nh|}+WH?H}cx~Kv]f1j+C[++ǨzGMe/2q[wEʕ黥/t._[+Sxq;UZߐX/xP^#wkѭ|~V_0E/ns׎<^$sRcD{]xd}2!af|V٪9[}kndV#/۵ťדxgd)}.Q=?2Ÿ_yKO= UװT{?D+P+^1Od>ρԓ\ ]A!ooԳ߂a!}AWv>I7{J/}pzPg\9Oz>>=9TC)z2V10VN/37^Qw/^oo>]ݴH'Ox^{nʌ+7c<_bGW5n๨ Oceէ"y.g!yGjVg, 9WHG_}#<%XG[ûE3zޯ7!uC1oڇ;I}fpG?Q<7WVDŽtwq:އ|'{a;G<}߇܇Աu˃؇+ި}lʍoO ^8W: ه5D_iĈIg&$W% "i>腿kb!et+_ž}&s`%y1l"f_C[|r]N +aYDz vXeu_|5y) ÃrHsμMv?ӀIIs\LGf#vV оPVF3elRnl9Y`r!{ l{ =1]Q |aiݑ '+ܖǻ a:R6P~KӴs~ݟ8l,T_ξКiiCEσD> s]o-q`i;S{~9PgE8%"`reryr^NG/QEwjI&޴g\4Z>3y\-wv!y~5+:{^5Iw˼t8{owdd;٨u# [B|c?wW}h˱q b>=4л]aKL~ _c}IaӍ񫮏iM2.>~cNLh(|'?_ݢyr%M޸CsiXF_@;~͠[ǶhIغ-? l0mf; iW%2iöXo- &|O}ͻM6G).mٜ'NF=\~|i~'`U0cCٺ)y_HՋZ_\ݷeN~{c]6 aMC=RiBx vBlCp1,,27 áà, òàêæå êëàññèôèöèðóåòñÿ êàê “ íîðìàëüíîå ” . Òàêîé ïîäõîä ê êëàññèôèêàöèè ðàñïðåäåëåíèé ïîçâîëÿåò àáñòðàãèðîâàòüñÿ îò âûáîðà íà÷àëà øêàëû è ñèñòåìû åäèíèö è àïåëëèðóåò ê èíòóèòèâíîìó ïîíÿòèþ “ ôîðìû ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ” , êîòîðàÿ íå çàâèñèò îò ñäâèãà è ðàñòÿæåíèÿ/ñæàòèÿ. Äëÿ êëàññèôèêàöèè ðàñïðåäåëåíèé ñëó÷àéíûõ âåëè÷èí âòîðîé êàòåãîðèè ïîäõîä, îñíîâàííûé íà ñîîòíîøåíèè (32), óæå íå ïðèìåíèì. Êëàññû òàêèõ ðàñïðåäåëåíèé îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ îáû÷íî ñ òî÷íîñòüþ òîëüêî äî îäíîãî ïàðàìåòðà - ìàñøòàáíîãî êîýôôèöèåíòà: P x b P x b b ( )        1 0 . (33) Ïðè ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿõ æå ñäâèãà ôîðìà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ óæå ñ÷èòàåòñÿ èçìåíÿ- þùåéñÿ. Èíûìè ñëîâàìè, äëÿ âåëè÷èí âòîðîé êàòåãîðèè ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå ñäâèãà íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ äîïóñòèìûì - îíî èçìåíÿåò ôîðìó ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ. Íàïðèìåð, åñëè ïðîèçâåñòè ñäâèã ñëó÷àéíîé âåëè÷èíû, ïîä÷èíÿþùåéñÿ  n – ðàñïðåäåëåíèþ (c- ðàñïðåäåëåíèþ ñ n ñòåïåíÿìè ñâîáîäû), òî ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ïîëó÷åííîé òàêèì îáðàçîì íîâîé ñëó÷àéíîé âåëè÷èíû óæå íå áóäåò êëàññèôèöèðîâàòüñÿ êàê c- ðàñïðåäåëåíèå. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ñëó÷àéíûõ âåëè÷èí, îòíîñÿùèõñÿ ê ïåðâîé è âòîðîé êàòåãî- ðèè, áóäåì äàëåå äëÿ êðàòêîñòè íàçûâàòü “ äâóõñòîðîííèìè ” è “ îäíîñòîðîííèìè ” ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Äëÿ îäíîñòîðîííèõ ðàñïðåäåëåíèé, íàðÿäó ñ èõ öåíòðàëüíûì ïîëîæåíèåì, â êà÷åñòâå áàçîâîé ñòàòèñòè÷åñêîé ìåðû ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü ìåðó èõ øèðèíû îòíîñèòåëüíî íóëåâîãî çíà÷åíèÿ: S x M x     0 1 ( ) ( ( )) ; /  > 0 . (34) Õîòÿ ïðè   1 çíà÷åíèÿ îáåèõ ìåð ñîâïàäàþò ( S C 1 0 1  ) è ñîîòâåòñòâóþò ñðåäíåìó çíà÷åíèþ, èõ ñìûñë ïðèíöèïèàëüíî îòëè÷àåòñÿ, ÷òî ïðîÿâëÿåòñÿ â ðàçëè÷èÿõ èõ çíà÷åíèé ïðè îòëè÷íûõ îò åäèíè÷íîãî çíà÷åíèÿõ ïàðàìåòðà. Äëÿ îäíîñòîðîííèõ ðàñïðåäåëåíèé íàéäåì îáîáùåííûå ìåðû øèðèíû, àñèì- ìåòðèè è òÿæåñòè õâîñòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ, èñïîëüçóþùèõ â êà÷åñòâå áàçîâîãî íå çíà÷åíèå ìåðû öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ, êàê â âûðàæåíèÿõ (20)-(22), à çíà÷åíèå îáîáùåííîé øèðèíû îòíîñèòåëüíî íóëåâîãî çíà÷åíèÿ, îïðåäåëÿåìîé âûðàæåíè- åì (34): ~ ( ) ( ( ( ))) , / S x M x S x        0 1 , (35) ~ ( ) ( ( )) ( ~ ) , , , A x m x S x S           0 , (36) ~ ( ) ( ( )) ( ~ ) , , , W x M x S x S           0 . (37) Ïîñêîëüêó äëÿ îäíîñòîðîííèõ ðàñïðåäåëåíèé ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå ñäâèãà íå ñî- õðàíÿåò ôîðìó ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ, à ïîíÿòèå “ öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ ” â ïîëíîé ìåðå íå ïðèìåíèìî, òî äëÿ èõ ñòàòèñòè÷åñêîãî îïèñàíèÿ â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ öåëåñîîáðàçíî ïðèìåíÿòü èìåííî ìåðû (34)-(37), íå èñïîëüçóþùèå ìåð öåíò- ðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ. Âûâîäû Îáîáùåíèå êëàññè÷åñêîãî ïîíÿòèÿ ìîìåíòîâ ñëó÷àéíîé âåëè÷èíû è ââåäåíèå â ðàññìîòðåíèå îáîáùåííûõ ÷åòíûõ è íå÷åòíûõ ìîìåíòîâ ïðîèçâîëüíîãî (íå îáÿçàòåëüíî öåëîãî) ïîðÿäêà ïîçâîëÿåò ñóùåñòâåííî ðàñøèðèòü ìíîæåñòâî ñòà- òèñòè÷åñêèõ ìåð, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèõ òàêèå ñâîéñòâà ðàñïðåäåëåíèé, êàê èõ öåíò- ðàëüíîå ïîëîæåíèå, øèðèíà, ñòåïåíü àñèììåòðèè, òÿæåñòü õâîñòà. Îáîáùåííûå ìåðû óäîâëåòâîðÿþò òåì æå åñòåñòâåííûì òðåáîâàíèÿì, ÷òî è êëàññè÷åñêèå ìåðû, íî â îòëè÷èå îò ïîñëåäíèõ èõ ìíîæåñòâî ãîðàçäî øèðå: îáîáùåííûå ìåðû îáðàçóþò ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêèå ñåìåéñòâà, ïðè÷åì êëàññè÷åñêèå ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèå ìåðû .xlUϯ>{hRWpش̐F44%:M`΅dߔֿqeYTLTTmBA*{ws߽іg"[ݗ|9{ϯ"^DE.%`^Ha:MFVTU__{<=^'nV 0eӢ%Rg@kBJZԇVo*xDr{Ri2\Fh Y$3[s\rTKTeL*hƴ~p[xbUId*/ ެ\s$͹o$[s~؋FĐDZ9ƉKi_\F[s/8f:/vӿ\j"ݴ<J_1N΍Sslmv9)婲tRumN`obuJ[Qk;} 8<=AXr4~{݅ݽONG wuabPV`+@y}eaw^{t?2=AE[cոv2]putL\^t:~]Kusyxwt)M5?:L9wf=d4g&_SW8J#!䟁hp39&"{iQP#IM3Bomi?~2E w'Nj6cd 1qjFj^ R`?[ћc2Xu Nwz1t#|[k^H_.-R:uދ8x5XQ_䊂y{Wb&beр;I _7h=\Fmz`]|tW7f >˨qU&&?Ir)`66hm*c✗b, (,X k{-w {n=k3v΍KJkͻb͠v8EN$;z[6si_G{Ԙ2+=:JkىP9TowZ;WJw2}sHJ^A}$F)d~_Mu 5`M]x%ɳ*q̸h@.uݟ`mۣ{ ޤ=s>"kABp+}[}nIy BoO@+6kH'| r6 yތ-w $ALGٻAvϲwK`f|AXJ؏!SY7ׇ3uE9w7,rNd , n?{7kLz7798}gcgh!{w< n*W9GiG}e`}W7zbo]g!ɹYw8i`LRޑs d|En1աsy(#2yAV|]q ߄Y5T"݋a=j0}0Cjc0~m{ĝ4W_u{ן|R{ubTVUƫw|{M鞉u{OT?xN ¿׹|Ty{kc 9=)<]OOtjt~ed @ A 2d i^ A 2d @ epMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:35  md7 5 mm(16J2/"m1L{`mx͝}uhDY!oU *C[kl2:)Ҍ1NLf#3Mgv 1kC|%F+ 绿Ns9{9>ϳi !-&7D(0:!lbKKGO 1_Tl^pB8qaA+Bpw]zʎOU} &[G͸LOJ u*zGS߿1SWt f ~ytmQr'Jץ:lPE 4i,e"Ү~!~}ݯ }޿|И~c۬{BG:7'vnGϦ,6_vH]J/䒰{'%A{L^+|%4}-1~#CzVez_s0Oxx?PiYvLm{ժވڕ0u۾hbou#~O~ aK~F㵿p%_pF][ y+KX*]Gjth}-Ao&_ׅ;ýSF)QflnؔL+&c cs)6pppqy* 6 olnV&&|7jlz^/ͯ+J667w(;aw%\(+l °Ca0ڢg0J;*nHzwF٥2{"P)3k %;>ܡHԋұ][BLb|>y'ȘG93Ƹtyʠz]ړÌ2uG9dɸv0hG[7@D67=_Կxcfy"q(S"2[x4{aW%W=J2w*M!94}a;ێοme,/ <h1ƚ}^iodS} 0=4{uQזb`'0]1h3EG=ֈ?~r5q,mNƴ14'4s5r.,g xȚvʓg>|=]ku{8ޯ7{r#' '={V'{r}'+~SߔSw}&o녏㧝֓mf| ~Տ \7oJK_xvEmo?AH~xj l=s->^Q u~ޭvt'k=#'X{n'gxdXt`?c#ځ̍w>7s88_/y-! t Xb>&PS; /}u}@Oz)uv} >SVG}_u-iF'=X(N=%@k%v:-^^nx{ֵ+-;LΈ E[J' N,E?_;s{~CQbt2c X$;{Ze⽪369'Bi{569qI4y $Q=3H{lY 5j.N{~Xv"mlîR2/,C٣ɹ>c3zL7F/2:Nǿ`#/NH1xh3D?Ǭ<<<7Bt0m"kŚa꘯F[/5Cg]t? ~}GEY`r:y>ǐ5ÎXU;"v^sh7B|kk)}ЦB@;+3ehcxlk#1xbЈ^7y zm(n{S{o"}r_W1`Y:<8!MP8BrtS 'x@\NVvhGfkB LsۯGDЦj&uxOˣUG ^ևՁj[֣/NS0B$͵$ڟ{Gءo x` ~>/`7ˤJ`΃X=2&ٌ1"#{E i4P&z♦GQim#M1 xPvWl:/AiNO"~b:h <ng?\BUa9+4/#K{/ cqOK*W5\[Aˉ%<.~oƗ<  :CsYlk`§<ケ>ES=S6}bSbjhרLM7GΖ`>ŊwU]2v9#vu^W:6D-qrihaN#mߐۺN;RS7;oS)3ZL^]r}*;;F[~hDqb;{:xW3aMpJkWyccAyy= O>6 ;KLq<4kh:Ё\`A}a#F 6XOf_߼ܮ8eG??݃nU.If -/Iv N}w_m0s/}ge 6lnWs#<~@4r==M2)oY \oY eWeR67WBw8GB粲A;΍%7ڗF{v ƽ3V3c%Ɯn/.%EѨgz=RT~NvOl[Z7ˁK],rAdֈ;MGsB`}9eЫ`sˁc-i-ӼXӣ=\&Xm3="mnޘUxhN1O ѩw=9{}n}aYl1ԃ."a;2`"Cih 4YeZh%~,e/3_j:uR/,qo+ON =J#=?wP|l=3U~X3  ծcoJ{ɕN+Cڻy_Qy\(,3qq|2 W07x5MR_]y_%]szgxdhG|)l%r-f]2 XCMGxb5|'7zg^#errkwYMv¶8.{gBafA߁_^s=OB1~.]n,`<.>VF\m}rUcFt/nZ|Cy_h;~K::7;ZަX_vc[TEiILoVkuTTTեj{'MY঎Gh~ ;Km|#ի=n  Kҟ?7 ׷ w;¢wK{Zao*3ӌI!/-, Oi 3:ɮgǽYq EޓK5z^TxYz'E:t9eژg ( A,:QvSP8 8ƹoʻ3&車[#_+KN86HzuG*!|"aN&Ҙkk/>v qwD|Vq}ӫuFB>Sk+zxJZImu$:KYƣX$N Ybh= qLʙ4}–Qx$M[G'O]z;-7Ӟh'TXin;gs#Xod׮oJv#73,U|h/E|:zbu/ŷ]qð}`쯚=21}3 ܓޛ氽y;|_l=v*`[*|sffayֻ ꋊO+0s|hWV{|_N{E"oo/ZxtA[^߭̂[B:$JZ6A08s3Fy윓t'"wsGyx  #F42r'rԏn }!rd(C=ngQQſMvd=/=Y(~.}w/G}ϝ#gɓx0=}0OϖM$5ﹰ!lwwemf;oRe'8@!M=.C޾$xn3r9icdRv!7Y7u#-hWJKwx$QMgl1[mX'jWC#{WɛxOߒ}ckmg['SllwØFr-ce9|Q|,uR. }Q7v- mw{)}qׄs7c{hWKݚ9P<^$f(*I2^f9>٬_Nw13kEzGēo{jI~mP{U}egf[k,߃ۈ, NU_W뇿P.B~K?V*n~%߁`=)}W>)o]ߣP k93RF]4{~˿u|յg֕ǻZoo[{eI :'}{,x׉vsbz`FIseFT%|Ym[M<:vub|NNN3\4|;e[c-ci/4Ϝo0c˲9m9c]#:owiޖ.$,!O;3Lboh5q;:]tJoJ9*lo;`Cڴnsۚn["1`[2Ϻt=y1aWALAGynl~@}B/~|߷7D'#7wH^:1h̯WJ?&ޫ4=Vv4ml j1DY~E6#m׃󺱹u,رmsy*,o 9:ؕE?qq<| &CںsP6Rp=k:~}zxG[$+s}pFMޖK)DF:&w1yIi:{GFgh]=)4ʁͧя/ͣl5~G9rݎ\ֱB9~|˚{-||ΐ=}S}Qg *1읏 %ٖ|t ;tNd#Cceɝ$vS?C48 .+cDk$[k|?VϚ3}zFː4M#m)|a4gG7896sۍ}t<XȸYx]|q2oynovdoD]V\'vhw 9۫gg?U?£ p@Ge'm]%Ь=;:^蠼j#o}6!2n[^>c|w R1{vyys\ͽe t=,n೟,-q؁iߣ7T&bt%}Fvav/46g{/[ʑ'1iAC~dzu~ʹ.yːcΐoYoh{L 3f5:_x7`g\n39Az OupY筼"ǜlK}]l?6zkckk$rr{,zsupMw8Oi,wn+<څnwb}dZ_vd Dd'B37H8?TF~ "{~nXHioQOWv'anob[継ˣ6',>tٯ˖>sׅu-oeu|AV4ru_|: J8-Α<0mt%0>sF&iqL]x Jxq:H,,28 ÿâëÿþòñÿ âñåãî ëèøü åäèíè÷íûìè ÷àñòíûìè ñëó÷àÿìè îáîáùåííûõ ìåð. Òàêîå ðàñøèðåíèå ìíîæåñòâà ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõ ìåð ñóùåñòâåííî óâåëè÷èâàåò ÷èñëî ñòåïåíåé ñâîáîäû äëÿ âûáîðà ìåð, íàèáîëåå àäåêâàòíûõ ñïåöèôèêå êîíêðåòíîé çàäà÷è ñòàòèñòè÷åñêîãî îïèñàíèÿ è àíàëèçà. Ñïèñîê ëèòåðàòóðû: 1. Êîðí Ã., Êîðí Ò. Ñïðàâî÷íèê ïî ìàòåìàòèêå (äëÿ íàó÷íûõ ðàáîòíèêîâ è èíæåíåðîâ). Ì.: Íàóêà, 1978. 832 ñ. 2. Êîëìîãîðîâ À.Í., Ôîìèí Ñ.Â. Ýëåìåíòû òåîðèè ôóíêöèé è ôóíêöèîíàëüíîãî àíàëèçà. Ì.: Íàóêà, 1976. 544 ñ. 3. Óñòîé÷èâûå ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèå ìåòîäû îöåíêè äàííûõ /Ïîä ðåä. Ð.Ë.Ëîíåðà, Ã.Í.Óèëêèíñî- íà. Ì.: Ìàøèíîñòðîåíèå, 1984. 232 ñ. 4. Õüþáåð Ï. Ðîáàñòíîñòü â ñòàòèñòèêå. Ì.: Ìèð, 1984. 304 ñ. 5. Êàëèòêèí Í.Í. ×èñëåííûå ìåòîäû. Ì.: Íàóêà, 1978. 512 ñ. Ïîñòóïèëà â ðåäêîëëåãèþ 18.10.2001 Êîëÿäèí Âëàäèìèð Ëåîíèäîâè÷, êàíä. òåõí. íàóê, äîêòîðàíò êàôåäðû àâèàöè- îííî-êîñìè÷åñêèõ ðàäèîòåõíè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì Íàöèîíàëüíîãî àýðîêîñìè÷åñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà “ ÕÀÈ ” . Íàó÷íûå èíòåðåñû: íåêëàññè÷åñêèå ìåòîäû àíàëèçà äàííûõ, âêëþ÷àÿ îáðàáîòêó ñèãíàëîâ è èçîáðàæåíèé. Óâëå÷åíèÿ è õîááè: èñòîðèÿ è ìåòîäîëîãèÿ íàóêè, òåííèñ. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, 61129, Õàðüêîâ, ïð. Òðàêòîðîñòðîèòåëåé, 162-Ã, êâ.128, òåë. 14-81-44. ÓÄÊ 519.2 Å.Â. ÀËÈÑÅÉÊÎ, Ñ.Â. ÑÌÅËßÊÎÂ, Â.È. ÔÀÑÒÎÂÅÖ ÌÎÄÅËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÈÍÆÅÍÅÐÍÛÕ ÑÅÒÅÉ ÏÐÈ ÐÀÇÍÎÐÎÄÍÛÕ ÊÐÈÒÅÐÈßÕ È ÎÃÐÀÍÈ×ÅÍÈßÕ Îïèñûâàåòñÿ ìîäåëü çàäà÷è ïîñòðîåíèÿ è îïòèìèçàöèè ñâÿçûâàþùåé ñåòè êîììóíèêàöèé íà ìåñòíîñòè, ãäå êðèòåðèè è îãðàíè÷åíèÿ îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ ãåî- ìåòðè÷åñêèìè, íàäåæíîñòíûìè è èíûìè ïîêàçàòåëÿìè òðàññ, ñîñòàâëÿþùèõ ñåòü. Ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ äåêîìïîçèöèîííûé ïîäõîä ê åå ðåøåíèþ, îñíîâàííûé íà ñèòóàöèîííî-ëåêñèêîãðàôè÷åñêîé îïòèìèçàöèè íà  -âàðèàòèâíîì ìíîæåñòâå àëüòåðíàòèâ. Àíàëèç ïðîáëåìû Ïðè ïðîåêòèðîâàíèè àâòîìîáèëüíûõ äîðîã è æåëåçíîäîðîæíûõ ëèíèé, èíûõ âèäîâ èíæåíåðíûõ ñåòåé, à òàêæå ïðè ïëàíèðîâàíèè ìàðøðóòîâ ïåðåäèñëîêà- öèè äëèííîìåðíîé è òÿæåëîé òåõíèêè íà ïåðåñå÷åííîé ìåñòíîñòè âîçíèêàþò â ïîëíîé ìåðå íå ôîðìàëèçóåìûå çàäà÷è ïðîêëàäêè òðàññ â ðàéîíàõ, îïèñûâàå- ìûõ îáëàñòÿìè ñëîæíîé ãåîìåòðè÷åñêîé ôîðìû, íà êîòîðûå íàêëàäûâàþòñÿ îãðàíè÷åíèÿ ãåîìåòðè÷åñêîãî, òîïîëîãè÷åñêîãî è èíîãî õàðàêòåðà. Ïðè ýòîì ñàìè òðàññû è îáðàçóåìûå èìè êîììóíèêàöèîííûå ñåòè äîëæíû áûòü ýôôåêòèâíû ïî ðÿäó ïîêàçàòåëåé, çà÷àñòóþ ïðîòèâîðå÷èâûõ. Ñîâîêóïíîñòü ïîäîáíûõ òðåáîâà- íèé çàäàíà â Ñòðîèòåëüíûõ íîðìàõ è ïðàâèëàõ (ÑÍèÏ), à òàêæå äðóãèõ äîêóìåí- òàõ è îïðåäåëÿåò óñëîâèÿ ïðîñòðàíñòâåííîé óâÿçêè ðàçëè÷íûõ òèïîâ êîììóíè- êàöèé. Ïîýòîìó â äàííûõ îáñòîÿòåëüñòâàõ ïðèõîäèòñÿ ãîâîðèòü íå î ïîëíîé ôîðìà- ëèçàöèè ïîäîáíûõ çàäà÷ è èõ àâòîìàòè÷åñêîì ðåøåíèè, à î ñîçäàíèè îáùåé ìîäåëè è ïîäõîäà ê èõ ðåøåíèþ, êîòîðûå îáåñïå÷èâàëè áû äîñòàòî÷íóþ ãèáêîñòü â âûáîðå êðèòåðèåâ è îãðàíè÷åíèé â ðàìêàõ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåé èíòåðàêòèâíîé ñèñòåìû ïîäãîòîâêè è ïðèíÿòèÿ ðåøåíèé (ýêñïåðòíîé ñèñòåìû, ÑÀÏÐ è äð.), ñ îäíîé ñòîðîíû, è èíòåãðèðîâàëè áû â ñåáå ñóùåñòâóþùèå ìîäåëè è ìåòîäû îïòèìèçàöèè – ñ äðóãîé. $x{he9s29;;dz-HґDqTJ%ԌMtƊ\7MM((S FS - [фBQe/s?|y}#bp#"#R f iB8|zB"qnm/*;\dgVIY M?p뙽[ܵ /ëMt5 `bgGo@rjm{[Q:ELmioiWmXڙy977giȊfytc&ڛe_,S=XN9'J,R$bEr1Gvb^,Ul*E&cypV%h7 +B_<"Y0 e3?5ɓ9lɗ\'~Uiaf;|6. p9^Em I\ &H`_G;-2Rne`Bx:.;@ f\02m}>B-1Y>z쭜%p9U8IUq|x+<&O*.Ccr nw2!]qi> cu[sм`ɫ&x* HvRXt@q:'kM-*4HV FK8kk-s']ϳ#|8ghEhYl {kma֞Ieȹ{aNerh OqYQԩ_ s[@O<>T-q}636Y`j43U^9Xɮn- aA)_hΙip \H_C6Pؿ]#<'p x83@5a@L.k[s4s?B_ZA%^d0s9/cMca!7m!0m#, h|=h'?=ʖMԴ VU~SjD1Pc߂P /C=oDĚt-% (dS 586\7Az \yqj|ItO&<*®M=h xG-ѫ&^6gݶ6q5ϭ[n p+V[+pOᄏXn p+VqMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:35  ^r "NV(162/d1(* {`x ]UO$->oUhAB:8B٦{ȣ 87clmw;7ݭ=v5*Q sCBHx9 d]UrnvkZkٯ3%IΝ$&I.w$+m'ɔS$Z@Cg W>7염~ɲdeR 7W砟=T'UrbUlJ-Gɽ\nwVǿGq<-+/WӯBpSRZ _WeBZ˲g,%+^1] rM=KԿ8,C[]5%}.;$f0gF߫C408h)<֩w]\񍋒3Y&"ur78nyaV|]\]GԇuPw [ڬl23950Y4KO^M^yy'io~LGYr[&ɛRYA^R\W ?A[0h6RFo$۟)Oy-~SH>\}1őclWulЌmL[.bwl^-l^M|J]%U\4&>_$ۼesVD_\#_5$r+ͫwODX5Yw&J\-r%ykQGdҠ#o]@;]3a I)pMJ|H9jYщDWOtYbY^աG[S^err:#E ͛X>go``E54JBHep{M%H272>!ݝ<"؎ymMj{+ŭwsvSMJ,Z~Y`3,0sIG?>|`<;_%x/~'\t~S09`<ۆzZL|pJ|RJcg3 N~@#sٵkfrӶWޱJ샻6LκU}B#WOr!ڧV$K7*/jwiI9%oӻUrY+sO}w*8ARũuzFr\W O },50& 3pÓH/Oxz d|]!Vw#"ޏ 0_όzfíl~Q/H/£+߿抨]r~Vp|k.L>9}E@>|/ɞQt,eHnW9rNl`r(`zC2ׂw3kVw4MNF".SS!rey O^'0\.׽K0I}GeViនi㬑L gprkOؗ椪3h1w[ڏ9g؄9仝02MRe|s_8{oyO伄]YMUmG>;NF y`㳷(o=&o*xowvr$ksXW'p=!Y'a6yM5i.,tG<'+VF0;<].~v9xǓwxTWnKS"!Q=5%z%-e3u㶂Ge=S}rwVICzu`g-P܇g=-gߖ/+޳xzxudMAɶ)Ѥ7i#e,U>5['ͯD{mg/'y~oKP/K<[z=Gl}a=P.B"QУ"=z3%* ~\"WVHyǵCUm؋hyЏ^slo%W]LfIɟ\@9v!1^4g0s|% =:|jkί$%0gЉsrH:s_4>ͯg宍w^M^_ѿŇq}a\C3`vzy8=WM*mӯ2~֋3iQmE78/g FcEE4+jhzQ(%-8/iε=H؊'O=&_'L:⣱.8Ra>`í *tX)]5T4Ǚ]ƹVu{@z"?}7;$ExF -ދ$<^|"jzק_ǂTiqo4/wt{Cb|_^ ڂ}dz϶a$-߱ybly` "o 7tgPV^eEɺ?T$ccM ؔ. k{ ̞qlQmww(lQzniOꞄdbnM_&mV0ЁglQ i4G^>Ol` k7$u`|~zrps\gjQ u-磒+xl>&<(<جpע*N:SGח{Q\G!gk%9Pwp`mAìڻ}=`P&`iMҜvsMa_,'^/fIl;`95`F7kOP_̻w, 3=f; ⻯I_OP# ^b9}}|&[/;o<pxbtm.g8q:Yw\'!_# aǢΫ2^|I7]/)n옇EYݰIYp6;X;w=ʭ 7uwʢSyFNn }%69 =Jv&46'A''o]iϓ#`ǙG:8w:^6.n w]Gl$.~g^U`gVCә3i߁;{68zci2W"!psrت0]`apnoW)ɱ{ya4P3 cpw>r7\ei=3?sۀKmv6uC/LtknGar2[8Tފ$y\ݩt.n?u%e6;d6^"irE1ϳrY۸vt۹תm3 h~gc۸a2c~-Ux](Ѹo~aw6ibϸ׷/Gae=3žZ<У(q/.\4E՛T77UXon&uT"}‰ygxC=EJmAE gt9LQ>^0T:cKsJEoqqO 2lKWw:'ϓ-Px7ExG 6ݦ>V_|D{^oT3sN%k"qm<Пq*k"w`{$*"9ն𹮳s]ǜzi [WtDgP9EճZOujtWYE^/o-xE:Ex4~튨L_gn_ޒѶݫNWeZ7sڻ{K:^['^/Ʋ|غ~ޓ=D yƼv=8)~/ XьfUwF hvh}?Gf(9ϭw{6d. hϸ9rQ2Qp';!055MO^|,Ϟz9Ea"ha=+m[gKu hma&{&l/X>ұvʄU ҳ^. cMq ;=8q8yp>>+DG9Ϥ1y ΗgO&@S6*=S|~|>Fk*l:V+D ʑm|=,7VDH$$VM?ŴigZ2݈#Z0OJ|[{gyNs_A%}e]BfEnIkA/hq{ ZkbVM1P$ w (?QꛌŌa'+#ys#0c5;Oh A?j|GSLcL[IZIq~y&/nc|{R9|$y`MV{`3+ ^$Ojd3|= 3Jۇ@NS?tO^\wn+|?U}OR>' Wo'UXod#h_ӵϫcU%/䓆| 3/ZS}N7m[Skd~ۖnǚB;@ɚ¿/KW[S_>Gw \&~( 8cXnPǂ5︨~k Vd,x44óC)v[eyr_oߐ}RE,X04 rB]͍4.V+[NXG]Y ݉2Q4.fW2y޻%'ExFxw.+P"~jE^\eM}]l^\`.‹YExq5sѲo u:FQ֪F_[LY'Ӹ}x#PGvJ/q;Kxryۡwao*$whoA63uп@g#] lx5gA:=ʦ2=,wc[3)Wٿ:Y}_]uVĺC^[k;s\ߐl6óy!vr\g1WxxXRřLy+KwO;5]|- "~k˅EkDPʞ>9{]r7wn='b{vD>l[dec#v 6s-ǚL"tr6U9N.lݵ53=NYEe (¶;UsD#pӚCb2wqgN'TwbBS 7-TXK2MlNWrʑ8t2Q7x5|#<yr.usS?| |peLygҸ|w:¤%lXa:y>2W.>Vg)™p~ enH~&Y_mI뽌;vgL;D}&ǴfxL7;8Fp|4?s:p)e!oa&Cw;_ן.O\w:_c߹ ?֯2pcC8i5r'sF0pHr(gpst#|.Y@&k  ?DU xrfσn\?g:9MN̪C8o 8Y| `T$cǔ/BޜA E)0^SCL'X%s؊z3|Q r|JOFڊ݂wMq"noM<>u%p9rWOhtuna41sexƇ~ s~1}OzOyN\FdMi}w65qzhLq?Mh'+Gmr?ʠ_Ieж2V\~[\݆uz?1/8u' #4 xn'4nڂK{Ky/I|S0VQ{h; BQFp39gARQW4޻n/e<.mtn3կzyj1䓆2 ?8 \z>r%A?+AEQ~i{x}{'&t&5&pIs-Aюvokuz_m-5K6K d\G>dἼ//E}?#;L5?/o=1^sجesζxOZ${M|F;+/Auu^XExP\_{PýE-b)ܗ=ɽ'h+Wl^o`;"vԣGb>(b]'wli]F~Ī wyF"v aV쨷Qȏ(mG]|O+i\S_3Z㏲ߧwuh[6olՎ,ʏ˧f`7^lG14ߠǎj#/e[C5oG_UWN8&+\Q_W(vvTo*rAvR}|מ|S9g4; zǶ4Be{vD>첩G\ŸOQ=Bo%Ў:[qWgCa1[Xk^j^V#uzQ|0ϴwG{ͥ!6:A~4У{O?Q:q(垉%c)z$~K2BGֻ8#Lr Wp)kԬ[oNWyO¾7ndUrpgt(kY^ڎ9 အ3a)kYU}Z}{]0qQ[QgJJ\ϋ\8FkĜY*^>i L"?0uߩkLe鑈7RsINOzgbMl` Ҥ>2Fuz*˟"xl,ѴF{b|oIa"'Ž֝J&ŞVVwfqmHg73;{_m/L4dЕwN9>}vi G8ɗt eoS$_cwquph>euy\,9xJ~^6 6зɶp Y_8bz%}[7[}y#0*ʇ}ޙgJ:7NGM +yca's!^Y޿-yVNѧw_4t Ѐa%>ppe>t4EuP|b[5v*nnW0;Ά9ypfYWmXbz^haah`Ya=#Sg]~ހ.A+2>24-c2'2?)*c5p^}nv;ܨݴ۪ ANSԉv.w\.9I=ߛϘo3q<j"NFH M YG־X6τM?q8t7\]ߗ|F>핏 FEmP\r"ܥ=]=ƛ>tvۨ넏vQ__ӹQ]_)Ixcl\k3 ,B4=S?/_&׊&Uk"KWhi/G;n۸u?M{x'^诶;SO"<1/#J[>g>fºCoON1_+k/s8+y3W\RkhS\뇚KzhOO<F>=dc2գ#_hO]Fwz{&X/^Lrl ]!k9ϟ8GFGV49Y,±ε}ҒWyzLxj{U̎ǐFA$=?k|;'zzFy=o'/CMX3 bř\X%fK0ﱞْ33׽ġ{OVq=%Qp1>{иoXG[*zs8tt:mx7 gҺ|_ջD|*g킓k)>ߵjKQ<4#L] :i}}@z"w|(ic^djdIrs2E"IIz꠵X7,\IG3<9/Uu-`̞컾Z/ ( mڷѦlۀ/[ Dsr;+Pd{U[sW>lcӧU=X^E~^?~f闋\ GnuR_QDz߫'(ΰ%d9p:;CS~'y#v??6]@'qv ;9|l;pIom|ăG.8A4ӯ=\tC~l=dmKa-#iB53{rI`3 ʝ>\Gx|:IXoݴmw,q 3n|rUڅ,|U$bfN^e|D/X ""3I~Ut9uy̺Y/^ʇ7n噾=n#l*6q܏/ȏ@OI}|"u@c3{F\nj na>E@í_{8/ok8#>.{'z#^JK;0eYz=+KcL{vXcގ91<8^{,z+#;KSq{(*x䨦o/*]N=0H_wݪ7:<ͣ:pu$]+WҸһ+ڢ8?'gbFѻZ< ttyYw9H\ř?d^ʇ |ɞy`{*8C__"?C_3?Lc(ey~0˟|đ J[͊71WfHOd4Je;Nn>T"{?6s ~Mř\?pl'p!_5Д8 Ǒ9t~N u3d-ޜ͈{`( .${.w!ww&$.@}7zcQGN[`U2m7.|1=7IO:ڀ'>]ϔOw 37͖;bpw~e2::0x 6`qHk[xxgCa'Uyl׿`m~Q"]`7խM݄-*5(vRwOysw[2ѭĠys%අ`Ko9Wj:ǞB#ͭ#'Y1nZgNs#^*]I|q xzzk 7:l~빈+|m|XǯYU'՚UN/YYO2χz>Mt:P^N_$~g[5_ n"-><2b 72rjmOX=eo}8tmp7i|]K吇3i.9lo Q0+ji[lGv!g<;vvn/`t%rk:th2' ᶵUQyzmAEEKO편[U{bk޺ m_bf~m}|ÌIP~ղ? ECnST&IvhdZ{^ʇjk1Dl'.-aߤ~XsJH3Dj'1ϯSaQq8gXڡBgD[mpiGR6Vq]n?MH9n$ѭpS6sn9%wn*zf47lW\S [x ndg+M#=fwfcz=rc|| Kqm03e0|u.8Ӏ3i9_]%u򱟟{k5٦09x`/' (Y ϟ6sEi'M Oyvp;hwz8pICЯm|}ƈ75E87Jji_ޑ;uMvԑP ~y{KtEx;k'ӚR>8#_I\&rENj>o8||EQ0vmE0QOݰAjÜz|Q%m q6Qa:u-sKw= NT|x6 J<:`&=|tf Zqa~y"9rU=?۠&lNx0ۺ3@w5[{DUq#xZ>)tP1ftT U0YIG7<~q_ޜx7>uJm } >xvhe\ӒqyZ&2><|Qz.yQNp x <@vvp`4#=3|u0#$_eU_f ٢;v8|/Ps' l ya?}kĴmG?yO~n3<#.!px<׃8#w]ɓHzaGl,؝qz"x=v`Er~?xȍ~ c>;σ3!I3:0?2oMGv(d$̣9X;Um6LhƳg'9z'q92lRa?w8+8Ĺ|eX\/|MD`>ry lFIq1WKV?Í[d5P/2m؈siaNM3DO;o`?Y?EadKi%]'u=ָ 1/mTkwUh\' 43\4'ixHvs7/}v_rbe3WeޫC W;3Ykпz>.+» »@-s޹lLs{u;LBe񢌵a99x+M3vLaƚ.9ޓ=0ַ4ΐ@/ȏߍil^>);_oR)oQkE[9_G߭|lCy{8m 3Mb8΋x[C+?0p||p0 =?EǂA"znT𙺰 %x Y:)n'a{ ȃ/I38>@} kB˗ipqA7~'pE<g||z'ڳ=0sR6spьDYS9T_+mcp|1{BXgnWt񙬟Q]K՞oT|3X~|"v#Qs 1NlR-x'[nMs?1\bg;Kr/{a?Ĉŧ(Gb[VJo>"|9'Nnwعk_s2܋g:r΃p\>!h-7 N#{'=D|gf0 zx rU1Ӄ\,E/#3{&oUMLuc[[( V#?Xz6k\'> fׁ3`NHS^\WktNȜ䳟K@/<qEPLw~K7W ,|͗rO9 |MH6Rlˠe|)gZʺbİf6IԧSwf~ϧS$Z)IB ӓ3?ߔ$^$%o83I$oJK% p?I$'|N>iď %'&\4V&dқMS^c;h}bM) dcscc|lͥZ~h7`Mwd|*5]S'8b9Z~|[*>|Ï z7[:2W1 [YWTW; KlGUv۬euо2 -UINk'dx%?{M׬;䍒kʾS2c*hUqVr-OI5\Uoi7IwGFe7JWrd\Z%SOJԫsUw7+9ˏ忨_ef%}{8Y,dP1IvtwwY)ɲ9 9yC$ IR=B=^&9DiSJ9_y}^u#kaYBa>5|>w]W}†18RYRxke}E^2IkK !_1~H܅3_@w7,"딩S睧9>qgϫ_uP8o6!_Q-Q8r0' }5孊?T&] vNħ\yޖ` ZXk 5GO|%F WxL1kÊ?ҵ!g+m@|p5h>ZX.㮛ڸn@Ƥ44.W}*OTzgH ߐs]RGeG^OOl ۔>‘o~3 c~9u3GG>M'\qArwx^);R^C>jSrs48'zql<,Wv]y4/*k;1? t?ԯu̕m䝕~A;C_=S?u^-¹SmՂKa+ uO׋SՍ8,'h_hr1'C"{ !%jw0uwWxw׼WqqWHýW8U& s׬hǘN Zm*ہA܏akv6Gԏ5ao}pZ{pIjߨցv^EܶR?-fp[Mߎ >>^/-Q :&73wk[3/=(>MԎQ{.MȨ:??VF *d}&~n>7K{ߓdK}wEdMDpnXOtvξ{vNhӉMCJZ4h׍?$4(HئA_7|gzB<ȻpG01p5 ?=?:h _۱U.ď5n\8_+6_q8_Ҧ%'z*u n*=ۦ:~R^'ZNB|~\~\&׬XEMSSް ]mγZ]ځCX:=ޏpjgM86:3 Wjp|\~cp(sipg^p1ܨdg si R;@v 85m"VePyƷXBzÆUu]< \>}ѿ%w?p~KFxo \;m|񺏟?֗钻Y=kygK'Qy\d#Oio<\(O<}_ȯ8{ u"¯{f_=Q>w/uL.oǏ+.S.\Wl]֟0_ ה?nݟ/JVEQtv!<\k\\8+ؘcbݜyxAk?wA1>w/<] !VG$c+S6"FO:i蝶bִgv;a'ogb|}%~ډmHQ9_U9ru(P~>bon_=o n_?5]WOe [>(8`L=8IZbuX( [k6g^<=o:QF#:0StYغv'Ӯ\/- MϺF-7 ZАcNO\E9xe%=HϷݭtpp.gs!q.4r6JlOwJZ0fi`ȧOyDU34'{M>7|΅vbZy١6v&٩G\g+!uʊSsKU8}HN`0I9Wq9>%wz;]_&_N۷4./}dJJ㷉~{˙Sv?]CGp@Lg[w“wtXŀxBU18𘗬x)5齓nD^ZZهПu%y"x_k/R8 n֭1[M'Ouq堳ou1?Kx8yԍvH8|NZ3(>RB9s]eMOUoҀ,'ÿZyv,[ymNg2u1Gon@at=S?NQr1=|ޛv-^mM]ru*<.#mbYkY'׳G|6:%ŏەrrD;u--/,G\@jX~Y},kCrkP.|RAPb&[w7ٲwK6$u'^2N;Y8.ltasxڈ *n}k'nmNS+E'nrWSeU?xkvG;E1l.ay,KQDZuܜsqd 3*.FpglOo/]װdf*SXG#В|V+7;sOcwٟL ]kJm<&RJu'8+o/ows2NoiD>G-''l eu cmS*6 |3bSLVcF>)΂o:ہw7.SW}J|R<8PSf\? l]l$Y5el 9WPBCv5ЫU//UGt]xln&X밋ּYu@*u吱bps_R}||/_:9n-qPdN_.}r Cx=u݌O^I;y9Zڥsq~R.LjwBPg5EB dBru@nTq:'}Ez!yW\vHݼcޕZw fs:g{lD鱾Agq|qOUtS.ym^ki]˒ew9|0p! ^8'ŻO(|sη+ j#XzvOоn}m2 6NGX{r+-s+p 4bpYCO&|!vo=oo fRhv}TU˹[)4=;9|afxZ-R86/T^8Gzfb'鄯bFsFl2_Wb\ %q}Nv¯v5OgǔcN<[~X{ Xc]>zA~ay@ʅOg]4Q9nl)m^r8׋iiaJ8g]z)w0oQ J޴|.iZn9OoV{l ; Cg=_8ϐOI+a>L7|O\8&aq'8|S/yZt_ } SNUKڋ%SdQky::|կԾD//ϻ3ۗ`cm|E\yo*:d|^ f@~iwlؿ:ܿ!_Kg稟 瞥7u\oczS;Y;)\ /W1V Tc0ԇKw:M'rI~Y/"coCo_/+_=Aϐ:Z<_Z7s'jgIpI~3>)CUGIѿ+/Z,ñK7P-|<2Zo!6-āGUm#L߿agB˼7;RawDb<9*Z@o7WtUhC}/y}ÿ%saEa~om77M'#ݚ n=޳0t*_>Qtqq{L0{s|\X^ KNg.w*=6`H``!'{g_{״DZCaqf~Oqʙ=~9֡W+^`hgQ/PE ɉvAhMeJil鹛 /zkD'vk Y/qBl/8ὅ*^*{d˶o z_i5g| ΞwfGcㄶ"kWh.yPa|7~|VNŪxqRסP]r<Q/=%=r~\_CύDU!) 4c1:`YCgH۬Q 9t?TÚ(_8JCgṁs ~s#~;CO;z%٪+WhL8֘yN7A,#\czH|ޮW }IQ'nC/oB%ߵjߨհXS7~n4K)ɲ9 9y ֱYsV}k3qwUSk~Qڠ5ٽvԪ>׭pRǔ{qrνMm~;:l_ͬX'Vp[+Eۛ'p}p?%cDw4S[;.qyoW_'~rz/Vzoy!3cr<TU3pz#z%y̓A^9Ć]=Q}||Gy[|ZigwhޭRL_%MjbY!tYwt#_zz]vȂGdްO&^[ϾðP|cqO?7ܰy .c.u$;vΎzZi~}bDj#W 1ײm |3Pŧo5!vmrEryr;}:}*-sg?srs?c|}[I/1_߼clWtc}_jK{"%}~gX>VzUl~D *W_v=S<~ՃCs'jGF<`ʅcx+~WzzE6'7C*pE Ay%6Q9+!dgv8ӰI A.~#;WBlC;ϊ\ܝku&8put|.mTOyESӭ!DUGߗhKWk u~~Y74Ewϻɣ%C!6k$א¡>:+;ᳩOx3"t;@ZBH9iGNeyO^;v/N*.C&qcب4nL3=2wyu4e7ux}Sܤ_Cȉc~ c4==Ym9\:ςFg 8w'B݄<G:u||C9ʻmX,aytq}]9/!yWB)*^ggi0Bvzy❂Bq{}BEOB}/zQ~ci7 ݿߦi3ߜdELY'6Qam&|6~Bx#>Җ&S _V4?w7IɡIVnIQ}yʎkf*1oS 74 æcSL_`;]G9pFyUs\m"4dK[}!Sc~?5%;os~?*_I^߇np g=V8sH-*pJH wAޚm0e7d}uMZGؾyOi8\?2Χ<| 3 霽)/,>m6lM:e(O>_f>٪)JIke[d&wOR7Q_%;36nB{YmG/f W3CQCL? ¤y !k8o:^p"wxz*msu+.2%n}DX -l_B;B'h_^w(UݑݰYܰϡ@f½aXWCu+wHc,_~O;nyL)z3=y{T 9kF׏ guhmCΡӖy9נ\=DfΑ̩-ǹ%/?U6}4._8@Mt5DC 4^`#m}oIdgʰNulE^yڌL"lE87AӎaUmNNo>q4d BW16<<´)3nd_~|cg( Vy<#XX|?dVS6o0[c(8f(R=JgIS[[tte*; #[< ^?3+֠^u3jt~%?ҲYxt]=,'m W$co+d40cp+oh. Β}7^mnzڦg?Oͱcꎃ)80KfP 9 OedgA 5rU;9[D[-^΂W}9~rU5ouzgsV aHoI mmf3QrMs[кq43hV3~~3)\4/ʠ~R[~їVwӫ5ykJ/tI:uruӎVpm#'#wu6 'ְU18[qN;*}I78=qV˥Vn{zk?uݕtMG* Q7 9=Ԏo*2w!Pr}<Ӟb0KZه&>d[ىg,иZqBh)2B^dnyL>g1W75;Z?wϦ.̰+5½Vl~5ͯ{| :qd0_쾃l}˪+K([}`MA۹z|BaXBqX{C[Vn1Ovz :re:(y蠔 +)yQ/@n{3U\U7ߥEO}\~:z *\LOk-e=2#=So8 Iý|=S閧S9r1yzd嘗S;>%O[m Wש G"OOIA\؍%'O8ȸ-;4J/{Anjے_,э*\1RF-{nLnnJcgնzMٯ:㱆nF[ݦ6և<*/!5-osμW2=kzр|UiFobhxSЁ>so08a={רʿE>eSN=J;G._-3F?C3/m/eó~˱>g3Vp{.Թc:ܔhoM^yo^Nk%􆏬+!_(\D_6Xwùlr5푲x܉M[i͙xs5=m7k~$3_l[sUn/=tMƳcm"AxH<l57 _s[Pu_]|?Zlϝبt.նXʅvn2WGײ~gwݴcwY˕&3ʅRҍdv!]/YSJv3=an!:].0 gZ 5tm?Azp6[oVz{vCp(; yͰh\yMצ߄X/?!9l᮲! ņ4 ٻ${Ȇݐ7sL4RpE-H/ɣAbPY_2B[cU&mC/ryU_՗z{ia~ּ)Xwryyc_֝Cwb ʅ CJlaCp]x䛿o?y1K7]ͩd=y/Q5'y)./t[c6ڀ-'MH> Ҁq9/;N]]Wԟ%L>9t+/Ō. ?cV,l1'\oj &Ց-c]o]< rGH/7NV}է+p?P8Rc:H]%6^w(W̯1~dcp+g2fX_O;zOYź/>챮bcTc*U2y=ɶT/sxk8Vd,r#9 >z^=-I ln9:=G.&g{|rvFhfs½!gW#`K6ߓBY^gg7y:Y\"<3=5$9*;*!|Gi>%:rYC_stޢs.{c~6oWx]=gvdjcJr^lVicci ʅ,#J2SRtKEa3?;mݔGt gȡv鼟 #Btt`I\U\l4l0^}+(ӭKM<ҥ){$_ҥ>]Y<\E^{ֻPQҥ.˰߁p.dV*pÀ(b SocݡKAհ,*2,TM7J^LC;trٺ]ucz3.XϘ]u=t=dK;pW3iCDw=MO}ׅr։ot_;+&xd@Y 5= $wvVHTZ4kZzNayfit_{(5/hyp-l wݴcuLs?GN_,Cd y36WircuJ.l? F|v7wJ}R 6YtlqyzH^#LYm;" ~CSyꧢ?mC)ٿNxzXm[?AzHn?e{7^>SL'vsrᓚoSr};WFSnYc@/xѻjOufSsr[jJ\Sngxrz~.K WPsp 6imܻ{q굜qlܩxM㮵]]u2ԭ> Bq}rUV.N\S18g2[%*Sn1|qŸ6vyɸkg߂ BݥzGpT4,7~c 8^OB~ IkmiϝKoN`w:qx'NP.kqb bj鯐;|R5>w¯vvͯWqrXkǎ_ ğ~}/% vͯ#8Epc)/J/jSvr<\8p`|OَCvߠ\؎TcWxLjOfb9rgZ 6Äs+_nDޙJ;Iie+z0ٝZ8#)"ѦkҦd%ihgٛv$Oܘ&O'O(߇VF9"=&|؛l/P8G!g[Qi/(҇)7p$#ݿo+N|P3 T`m2ޤƯ<[g5ˎN155NuM7T_Ixs{X |~g )p+c I|{V7y|grЂ_9WOEp g2ffUgv*tҗVSIyE+Pnt!QPz-zR9iG8(!䡇LS\{B5'3i߉6eg<閷Qr4|?wK2o*P? Ij7#ktMĎݐ7I:Q' 8QX.k*|bn.6Dxn.ybdלkNw=}`Ssk_=osq{}zr]=;@O>7AOUzz25R-~Gew_v+۟a3V q}|E8s:O?Nv-Rluב:I)dM68ҷ(usڇi\ְγ-87y|!C[paݮ  lnpNw_ϑä} oWb_ėï<_aD􏶛N'}{ a\Cmol胶> )jiPѴ?'L'򨃽ZN(Jdwadސ+ ;EF h6 iA3 m v6益@mnhڝ&Wk 6;s[e~ߠ}?[L{8/0l}COciX|pX7:9ڿf0juQajOJV6rzim~a|{9tD۾Ԥm6bmc4sXY~YcaQ1uܜ~;t*uOrfbȞms7*QěMy#rcH#N\vkb j$#UdjH]"Q\EMA?|A#ZH E$-?rn\. 48A?=u77l ׹״b}z.9U%cA&;JEz1~ 8*a|?ŵujX_Ƨd|n\1{ )KTߝ[X ccxzFTYm u]:VHwTUѯ=)?WWFBEkjrM/CS֎n$>7нp:Rv 1;\LP[= 3u*]dtsq:'#H#=ts2XK#=@lE)K#񑿗 -DЭJٷ'׆?UcjMj;Sw1m/F88FuSt|\2ϢOxnb߀?Zl0- \nL7r)DԽ(#0 'VgA\'A{,w*u{SC|ktr4}3okgWm+J-ՋY#h=0"Ǎѝ`eWq;K1?go0>5MMkh .U9{>55k@;{ez:a^k{1~GZ;dL}n3s.-{%tߒӈ=ddؼ gdxm_|Qxd[m<4ymnW0< vnoڑmbt}͕K_a:5W-!4Ȝl;}u'fhcCW m>d 3^.0gnOo|͙he+޲uot~؇![x?F7=ޏ`{H647ğm"1dcˇC?|x.Rv>|?_[p:V+d2ooϋ{k5s:o}UY}t?cU÷Z^>0 #,wK\1y ˁ\No{\:aBn9]+]l6wRs X3=5}^o5O1N\38ظ,Xbt4xT \ٹɪ`V~[9*QuA)TGPW z!!oD:|]:kRAH\%\%{U1ShzO̓D(d蟡+(N0kɥ&?_3ɳTMVP?m`+zMނ!V!*S;6p)J\_hӰH9n : bHGej$r~x~TrKg4 chD bϓ[?Akx-u8Fv.@o#i_ }zbJξsOߗ;iW]){܇(:IzqC4+!E2.GDOPD [eWpMd1p'v^6Qcɛu;f5Q{3*  -uWb+L nG~wy"^=-#Qi|;g#QzKk$Xd!/!VKU$i+ɚ2^M ւm`U5b޵wAw|u];5^K9|N:; t usRo$?k1qO$Sb#&1ԇGزRw&:`88,x*Jy7JTmEť E'ټKƓwࡥx] ٜfJTͦP?#V;<)s9zzM|^_p?~,f7>ߵ-"պg2kL^߮OXN.Y{YajPnUx,W;Ƭ\Y~"ssR{x}b~<={EЙp.d,k}Sjsl<ۓ]yߨzFp۟Pkl^w_吝G[ o[ o= |Ry -@y Z5qMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:36  l +  @l  l (16̈ 2 /l 1 ~ {x u{@i {gHbAZ#l9"HF>Jx%[6,ewIb'NBONy ks2%NM;3=H>uT9UΩ[E D<FWj(^C?EU7^E5ѣQ$%Eo} 9-^8 SN.hvt87z *(rRh8RJ"IVKv]У 鑢\i]zї+|HPb)WhRU ]E1Kyt^ J~^!+6苚,iD-vbp9~U4=eD4ԛk{Q4": O뫵M1ns?( ~g޺(z蛋-uQEXퟲnů*>nQWv^SҚ;tSMIx)jVUF4Xnfpu8bCS72],J~[VQ{GYEsT='O{/ry_Pu5+}-x0^ʍBiiA0]/c4cv{FYqfT?mg(#m{p5QPL>G+0x(mF-N(MB6h_iN%u>_jND RP ' ?|m ~KBvZ7סC?jPqNͧ-}.jȓ•E}虎KW]w 9O]$4]THhEcߝ$5\?'UDKWǸ}׉ڍuѬh^tetRF7FWE+yu~@<)rP|r' 2Gyvώ樯G_ڻN '9/'V͸SF(h1Aݕ_?fdӠ o/&WdsyQ4siݶ4\%8z&)_Pr^J߻nѠ@݌s|tLs6@uXhCBxAkM@QUOOѥYU^Zh)D]GaյE֝7vVY:ᘵYc1} (r^|+xA-tHo$ìAAgoQ.!a-Xg0ә35:n)$3{t;U+Žb[3R&2>0xo&<2%혴끾zaYF[_SqL?]j+|ZFzŔ^5/Y!6PK/t}+BhUSbҞ#/Հ6xWq/h_^T _NG_K*W?%xh)_}?eļ&}w2F>.ȒgyQ󲯆w}˱<*h>ާݎ:s*h?fN*]X}ҫ#*Tpk=(sA1&#٫V|_M=2uBzaS.HQq5E=KkTyۼ̕3x[i Z U,ޙ zY҆r8'?Vja] n%),-?zwOP ,<ril8cNϒkOx\iȕr;o[^ByG=Lrg$N_/˔WOhLj{#/ʅ-p&;z3%+$/uTO:\2yKW xGdמ0o.שĽ?5azRZ|$usmk(֍ce'hA_j5.˒/K z\ n.ymN&{Y>k-;q@{a ڡgHڕZ%|· tJn_\#p` OGL .'Mh:oL:?/v+F;g"\,?{쫧U1gO.gQǣr?T<ϾGrMJ?Z9͇+gG1WWHdى5l|ӈ{S.\߹n{M-hKkg8dJv[xF|:Ujy}o!~.qoO9l ww'X*ݽV-o+>tȕr;v?U:GϪy H}±V5__ 5sޭ,Ϟ=ap+_?+z+Z-ڥz1qo+±}O(qVi϶f.} ź~v83>qEf gBxAE3/'ui'sp|bξw0| m C9bxYć) )]#( Y>f]$rvX󑛤8ēPddyygK OtƘXt3FjƸIy5!7!&Yxgڲ6$s̙y$e:, 1s:{I|K&/YhTo s|դ uxp k9HNr77yzR? 7Ck_S򺽣SRfBf9oyh^,kfy8JgNe^ 6/ucGv*g`36OanBxAQ шϴvot𼭟yyJ{E_aNZi64Om|qh3 !T9)}' B .v}?zIū{fmes>٤#Ԓ_7X;S?2=Gk>#BO ,I9ج3uEv3~ªƚSn856 ׌C۟2ba7|Ɍ)ğ8.>27h>oj=nvZ׋'%p֑}ﺵtwٗb'|]fbƓ[^e_Pp]*Ӟxh@4}򠯥 Ӟ~j`j]^+(b{ݽF4+QxѤ`mOusWue⽵yn]Nu:nr5^Mӹ #u7\Xg|N:Z8]Yk{wKESм7,oض ء7q,o;|B7hyK=~/ArY9iL}*:-ir>:ou9b9o.ځoZl]갷LyDԦ0XU' <^&1/mOdU9ȏt"&|AdA%Ğ742SxTf:cx.x(R_ސ*49.{jmWx@6=vH6^XmO;,DotWLr^'+]nn)9ͭ_ B_Mm2gup-׿ N?Wa^fzCYVa-}f;s h=]\P>){_pf;K*k)s/7ttʋyXN gFEڥ3Yt=~(s)Ǔ>'{,HwlYVwtyVwv#3&o.+{'( +G)*o>P7a?-UΗo2F~ kz;G04+ >OM_C `o%^Cdm#apՎjB T7mg=)j,*|E%S'$^m}[\MtJ| sƺף=O=5XK:WcTC,ϓg#)DwJM8͢}_uUwIRe81ށxY?Ч'$@lYK"i~U~h̀| BT dXΔ]қl9>[s>l'>(ϹC0eUYr|2uOS5 /Qo|n6ħz#Ƒ5+*oצ7[/{]432ٮ3ý7, K!^X5]u#'ޥm)~oT O{@0Bѡ< %K6DtL-.cez~L9DD,o!. kVct~̊nnԗ _SOCy\wZ(vTZ?VZwN+W_cߨbx0+Og*yr5}zmC8|ezeȯv--oýi Yk{qq$ݯx-`e9h-zk>ɡIAK(YF2^c{ݽ%,*(cʚS*Ӝw*9}^w!wX [ooˋsʬLye֪.}y˫.G9(V!/[}8V*Zk&h`k᫧m- {o"}=uyll8lG2ibRmmYl>cS%?X"|Pߕ;Wws'zd]t|ᚴUHpXC'dC86_o%?D|1]K6f7ZOHZ]Ӥk1yŬYkq  [dG`Op͹u2c_l6iN~\RbX[^RҎI;?\=&H{} ]W͆{mCѬ6Vkq69Ihmv"Is1?#,<}׽}E"K^5ׁNryʏF}@o:a{e=scFL}{߆hmi_-/t'/ddy!;*KK:U\;>-7>~4q7JrU`iLv}8VuڋWQ62li~Ɨw!~'Jӯxb* >/_4e'{bpk8M|v=usu%mOrd&=2?M2D+%Wg_JT.\r|5 Q#Iv޷ ;>O&Ypk^mrQc.2U*Ҟx@KD_޽k{+{)%%3sZ^,/Er+Ls޾"{'^ sf/&kޡIދd/r,*"rZS\߳7y˕Z_l1Y͞ ~EƖ馴nP ]QZpsW{69oyWy}ٳ tz]-p\\ߘ\+Mrz3?y%Yj8k,-W[y@_j7ѡjimNgN߻nP[ AƢ.y6^fדw߿zb\ʘu`0)=-瞽p.~TsAGETh COx5=x v)wZۤTXx܃C~:e=&(yo.G,}CypΪ[3k?V973~Maa:n[7AaM)Y'/ꢙ6uƢ)f}S![C3Z,Js=Jy%uYJW ܘim瑪Ӷ&6ϐDnkW[Н1b &V@n{*U?r#FnYr a(j㵜|Zt ʭDnS\NnȆ 6[S@nSTnFnȍ8Kn|)οnO@bd絇YkR彤 Nxsvl qQ|@{{1pC {ubIUPjlnQ>G_t x mԍ#1x'sMR>op|qmk58ʙ'I} 3%-&}lSK]r)uHB!?|^?RI(粣 4 NBX…=|&w嬘3BFO&Ü2mߐ2= ijׅ<)򵜈$y'\v^Xz M;IO^Xma{b\^Bfg)W9"]6xYOJ'ERb9&GKLsҼ;J4:s PUA(Gm-1x8@x/ J1=C bꁎ&9V,3/L{k(P 8Sɣ:( 7*NWcjF'VfͳڼHy/KC_*xYF3a,OzvѾ!jO^}Oyվ㉛9OQ;HԚՇצ}az2F4F2GUI0O.Ga' 8c|:;羶~ӂ\m=`~Ҧa1eCv2VP? "neGQؠ̸+kjs`?- |7mz56w7ѣӕxtk4@6Ƴ3u} >.+GcwmZ!pFRϿ1>V,Pi|G' l>嫛(,}#M('@q9b ^y5)|1m2ߓs&[[z^{MV+5迈oSF-YYy8\:rm,hAIϟZ-}W((0.㘃eD r=12<y2p9˓{SuYƆS1p6l=pI3КD]2X"_(f{.ų5C^7 9wjfޣ:k2ZA7E˔^s%׻Eº_}Oe4|=ƅG!g!̸g&@\h;kʛ`_e;( ΗzU+J6c`ugo kK=SNRn pH oi;<3h3/C>r0~7鹜}:+z&w;Y!t2×^%B5+CÇc^#&|g?lZ}x,/^f}(4isyb4r܉G.N#'`&g,wY} q=x9#{ʌ[Vt[KKG:߶3ÓO#|/4g~+p7gS˚tmӁ|]/=e.KSuAm4q@Y9 vVӴK#/ vf~5]ۍJMsBhjz)㷳ۙ W),g6_[IC*b yC)08i e3.Ķ+uXaLKa{hm=BڗМ|ה%*k<,RKFi7Q2\mtǸ, 5=֓Ҿ-s6".xIs\,,w31  äàííîé ïîñòàíîâêå ðåøåíèå çàäà÷è (6) ñâîäèòñÿ ê ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîé îïòèìè- çàöèè íà ñóæàþùèõñÿ ñåìåéñòâàõ  -îïòèìàëüíûõ àëüòåðíàòèâ, ÷òî ïîçâîëÿåò ïðèìåíÿòü äëÿ ýòèõ öåëåé ñóùåñòâóþùèå ìåòîäû è ïîäõîäû âàðèàöèîííîãî è äèñêðåòíîãî òèïà. Ïðè ýòîì ðåøåíèå çàäà÷è î ïîñòðîåíèè ñâÿçûâàþùåé ñåòè òàêæå ïðèâîäèò ê çàäà÷å òèïà (6); àêòóàëüíûì äëÿ ïðèëîæåíèé â ýòîì ñëó÷àå áóäåò ðàññìîòðåíèå ïîêàçàòåëÿ íàäåæíîñòè B(S) ñåòè S. Òàê, ïóñòü äàíî ìíîæå- ñòâî òî÷åê   v i i , 1     , ñîâïàäàþùèõ ñ íåêîòîðûìè âåðøèíàìè   w j j , 1     ñâÿçûâàþùåé ñåòè S. Ïóñòü ) , ( j i    – âåðîÿòíîñòü ïðîõîæäåíèÿ ìàðøðóòà èç i  â j  , ðàñc÷èòàííàÿ ïî íàäåæíîñòè òðàññ, îáðàçóþùèõ ñåòü S, è ). , 1 , , ( ), , ( min ) ( v j i j i S j i         Ïóñòü ) , , , ( 2 1 v i i i    – íåêîòîðàÿ ïåðåñòàíîâêà íîìåðîâ âåðøèí èç  , à   – ìíîæåñòâî âñåõ òàêèõ ïåðåñòàíîâîê, ! ) ( v card    . Òîãäà, èñïîëüçóÿ ìåòîä ðàçðà- ñòàíèÿ ñåòè [2] ïóòåì ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîãî, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî èíäåêñàì â  , ïîäñîå- äèíåíèÿ âåðøèí èç  ê ñåòè òðàññàìè (ò.å. ðåøåíèÿ 1  v çàäà÷è âèäà (6)), ïîëó÷èì íåêîòîðóþ ñåòü  S c ïîêàçàòåëåì íàäåæíîñòè ) (S   . Êàê è âûøå, ýòîò ïîêàçàòåëü ìîæåò èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ òàêæå â ñîñòàâå îãðàíè÷åíèé è îïðåäåëÿòü ñëåäóþùóþ âàæíóþ ïðèêëàäíóþ çàäà÷ó òðàññèðîâàíèÿ òðàíñïîðòíûõ ñåòåé: íàéòè ) ( arg S extr       . (7) Ñïèñîê ëèòåðàòóðû: 1. Àëèñåéêî Å.Â., Àðèñòîâà È.Â., Ñìåëÿêîâ Ñ.Â., Ñòîÿí Þ.Ã. Î ñâåäåíèè çàäà÷è òåëåñíîé òðàññèðîâêè ê çàäà÷å ïîèñêà îïòèìàëüíîé ìàíõåòòåíîâîé òðàññû // Ìèíñê: ÈÒÊ ÀÍ ÁÑÑÐ, 1984. Âûï.1. Ñ. 5-9. 2. Ñìåëÿêîâ Ñ.Â. Òîïîëîãè÷åñêîå ìîäåëèðîâàíèå ñåòåé â çàäà÷àõ ãåîìåòðè÷åñêîãî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ // Ýëåêòðîííîå ìîäåëè- ðîâàíèå. 1993, ¹3. Ñ.83-87. Ïîñòóïèëà â ðåäêîëëåãèþ 08.10.2001 Àëèñåéêî Åëåíà Âÿ÷åñëàâîâíà , êàíä. òåõí. íàóê, äîöåíò êàôåäðû èíôîðìàòèêè ÕÍÓÐÝ. Íàó÷íûå èíòåðåñû: ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå ìîäåëèðîâàíèå. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, 61166, Õàðüêîâ, ïð. Ëåíèíà, 14. Ñìåëÿêîâ Ñåðãåé Âÿ÷åñëàâîâè÷ , ä-ð ôèç.-ìàò. íàóê, ïðîôåññîð, çàâ. êàôåäðîé èíôîðìàòèêè ÕÂÓ. Íàó÷íûå èíòåðåñû: ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå ìîäåëèðîâàíèå. Óâëå- ÷åíèÿ: ôèëîñîôèÿ, àñòðîíîìèÿ. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, 61085, Õàðüêîâ, óë.Àñòðîíî- ìè÷åñêàÿ, 35-â, êâ.52, e-mail: pluto@vlink.kharkov.ua Ôàñòîâåö Âàëåíòèíà Èâàíîâíà , êàíä. òåõí. íàóê, äîöåíò êàôåäðû èíôîðìàòè- êè Õàðüêîâñêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî àâòîìîáèëüíî-äîðîæíîãî òåõíè÷åñêîãî óíè- âåðñèòåòà. Íàó÷íûå èíòåðåñû: ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå ìîäåëèðîâàíèå, òåîðèÿ ðàñïè- ñàíèé è åå ïðèìåíåíèå. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, Õàðüêîâ, 61002, óë. Ïåòðîâñêîãî, 25, òåë. 10-77-53. 'x lgеSIWR e:LevhL݄c ZFQG&ńE-Ӹ鮌N}"&nɽ?9<9y+mK[(!{$;DSmMK?Bh:`R^7/2<`S$ՙOyJu㩗(>2 ~NTR q}ϟ~RPzlg*D}ڌ =~k;C{v?> Mۅ_]:lOIoT>|O -BGJm\_vt=; rtz͛IKϻޫVrɯPsXW /U ȥTV#( %|FQ\zb5Ϻ Sfxjf!ՊпQaO~WwPXc&~Y( nI{Ciyo= 䎌lq/iG=3%W۠ lԐXi2$8ko8C~Bwg5NTg_j`/=?9_P7aSd_ ij-wp>>JCf7;_b1魎G+fl6t6`x>ؗD?Ʒ7 u<f@6 l 2NW%o0~ +O۱ t0I=|^\1gl>|WEH o^{ +.2+hסbAR) s ěwڊjj^1bj ?,w!MҗE2>&OWM}]w]~}hԾL:q#8T|ofw ~<| xwZMM\MS y 2J6zNtOl/=Q Y_-Y'Ji0n}Rz"ZA 8on 6E*p|l&}t|3B@D#ItQ'TANd13V/뿖r+9nEBXgQXYlgn&}dgGsk2bd^7𜬇#?JKK(MvQf2~KhpWWwZG0p5/'A/YՓvD?#s8'{p5ߢ7AA;XB7z5O%a=hF^fKo I_.~G)PWح?I_ H;ዼCw>D9v~cv/~:W[u)q#)mDAEЃn4|>DWٳWؿW y~(Ճ_+~Bz/9 @>w'-5ؼf8 1'Ux 3}ֹl_؝̛d?jvïB7*W#Rtwڸ1/(gb9Sm~cI+v;>3} ڻ{Ify([tvGrchɍӹw*7ݱ?г`Xf6HZ#郺]pBζ;c0|5eq>FG;_u1TvޑИqvK@ *@ *NrU W\rUQ+b@*Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:36     0  (16T 2 /} 1z  {tx ]E{@dL @f!@ P, kԈ&" YQj.vWTJY1⊊Y)auL2@{s7wİEm큞믻gw3G.H3RnO)[R3NN#-)BZTǻqn7T.:9r鈏Ke钴8Ք.NOCjϯJ+Ѱ#=qQ♬M/U:HzfVhj>yJ5%=5"u6A^?zkѴz e,Kd^kA.sw|?)k]{4ueJ=1aS&}Y9>˦?tǿnaZ/H6NLz&:-Y㕟 2 e qtM磁{JǯnQDm?P&Qzy}l<1_X}սe+۲BG]8rDz$ޠԫA/ $W?OXZy xD] L\W?DW,O x̥=tKsRxnޓ.$]) Ķ ͹m=EȭQ7yIy+Z!7WK%ǪCInt~[VQ7ۅG}&Z)ԦAǒ,ǢCey^^i vX { :"]1tAL}Jegq ԧr;M_S]m S~\$4+.;:r{~8GK:zGE'}jZX_ =w(=}azQ/Ѿe&v"Nu-}gh ꤤtƓ;1SS:}\ ۊyw!L{ҵ=AŊWe_ ^ů0;UѾwj[.{^TߙV)2}]{o]/ Քoʇ(!䤃jJ7^S3jJJC-Zc' `?qo,>Y9W ?1Sy3?qêOtOP'vc. >r ?=y@|{h'6uT'7 89ȝi=+w+?t"l?NSt=(\N8.NH'r=pSϛ e?q֎i/RKx`/,'Wۊ3J?)4ү~mʗ-ӯE3nO7J-wt_C-K*MׁՔ)'20mӗ5^Mvx^m8L2WQ/CI6<4dP᭝] {[;"IH!>%xRڢ\݃y ) JHʡu97|N]_wK>$Y9~t,m{ vpsJmwiCږOk@z*mWii6疴Zm5Ն&KkUkl/ZQmM*4PX/ȖIOGsz)9Ԕ:YTS88Ϲl89~D ӂ4hiw2p'xgymjJZ<{>E(}Dr`' ?'{6(noOOhk n 2(IܤujRZ`RɯSyɓo*նa]:VN?#:n3Qhsua ݏzzf3R3]TSb \-c~gy߆z&|{aYmE*-BAÚ_xdbhi@bZih탲OxFb99Oh9pmƳQ'ٶc^Ӈ2s"-M87`7oQ7rٞ)}^0byξoP[)1NxV%9(Y =-y yKP"q$Z͗-yF?  :k7󌜺F1S*|]|`xxK<\%}_HV? e# K76J;٪6l嶤? X+)lc$3TxGTߠȉ\f(^T%>eE}oy>=.9cfYh9qyCRkm}m/a$*"m(p٢\VNam8v@K7lXwc«]$롢?1,7@2/iG&"S 4% 9IYЀǠ[!hs6:U='rFByPGvJcg7сS;E9_m% $%O;a<^H k$ v'{튐xhQP"PMSWЍTD ڢ'_>[녇^/x%$ ){puLzf5mxӔMY'}ڶ+mU.sZY'?⬃}n>a]%OʒRiywKVH%?eyc7 eByJn2!_72.r8.}yZЏ8&4L |☦gY82GayGASa}`nNnWϵ> NDh垪uޢ=.~@#b}X^KozW>3,dͶ#~9n>V%pӰL'qg:0:@V1g.6[+Y2oȏ?vps[m7j\$b|0碑69ӣuRrW=^W?f޹ ۵5=Kvx:EVuvIY2 3wp(C\%א-2>xglZyT=ց7qܧo+;珲Ś٩UOhN.T|aɹ3 l>c[?)M 8rMpܗc8$ύvl'HrB@Wg駑=:pf8AӄqBC奉&{Dl4_r-lOI~{)`чs<8#kAʙs@zG/7zO\^ lc#?ٳy?M[!!0ۺL3eq7i4s gN<^Oo<6e1Ot D.ةnÖ<Ҏрreiod h+hDS )cҎg2eg\fF}"a NɡnxLnrɸd{LdMu?D 63إ̛[9dY>]wWˆ9o囯g.;~4ϴSRFC29s\,7|:pi}:R  8w< 6>>ں  s;B,V.v7F}Gw^y[Fg<4{ir{~rzx=o٥}i&nѭ"1oG`\/mlk^H'8cps{87|ZhXO{8a2ҏvEH|`u?:-NDnlm9"{8OKg,(rZhyWQբ[RO5c+޻+malsxN;|42i#U^0.#}!m>8pt5'uGz L/XQƮ%4у 6K9yFyXaF~{fo~&w9ü:Hq]P~5E'B5͟H|X#Yؚix/yX_IG_xY '!7ߥ񖮼K}ް-ouw}NpyOWP-&JKRV~>i>uc9g}YgڡE2tHe wiF{x<_]7u3}6q?~OQ.Qv`^JgżO}>bRʳ3`H-M0=:sR2kO\#RL2>%׼6θy<r쁑Opvıkػ7~/TᶒCAIs!_:q{fogٍG~Z-V#oM<(؛c|s~,>j!?ۙ^ueų~ҾHoy]/5NW>ҵ⮍+be;R2<ir12 }ホ[ˀRMzpVb<ӏF+b8UTgO5N-xsҕm ۖ+O߾fbzwK]}ȁ1%d›Ӽtɟ(Xx'n:ʾG_/ぉ+4Io)&(qa_pYNZ4RpJ]n~S쨴@_' cnZe|)?G ݺ9Z8 G^n@U 'zwYJD{.;/;vH${ګx[*xSd;k7X}!5Sgֱw\xěf;=G+$Wr淡B/7{7 2|.1^ßgvX[-z9Ho=j>g__sm!DyKv=>}Io%6V} Ə)j }tfvY-bw@t30y)-!ۏ~07_~f?߈tJ RlԬxUN>ՔUrYgj񏳬̩Wl>a&])"B`L?&߬ 2~y/ZBƚܻOХrg&}k:ijB8_}I}d1钟^>cOauG }CY~v>8w)aCGIWc ?oe~ -FeH;xoN6ËcA?G|ы!c(^X)lx¸ߨWW':)#xU9ޯ@MuVn~뇆xW73!ŻflsxƷf ȇ6su;r[Ur/7*^n~Qn/:by/^lxËx(=^)j\<ϥ{Vq#]rZE;vݧ$qIG>6OWL'Uzre;;[~Ù鍓],gwmEzGvӝõ}wmwvdnw1q|WL;Uhg&mCwk݈u=~1ũ+xs4F<1ǽF~Tn{{hQuL ΒǴiXC~x3M6+xøJ] ^\QËFO uD=6*|YⸯCkE!^Kr1yz9xQ_~$E 檜;Om~`7t}ŷ/s̼t| y/7rVG[OVȏ>k~ Y_E+M_igC-1f,+_}Coڡ/?I2OǗ8?!lq~]ZGcVF6ǽUCrxq~'~Zk;{lx/q?ڂU ^ҽ^RɣЋK|uVr*z98Wu71J|O'wqOO.ŧ%m0/#ǃ qO>Z<ߎR}߸xm7T[֘sڕw>:V.,3kIݏu&\/wWjS[ɳŘ'un'].fKێm漽ӷ=6R>{ +׎kF|K Dɬkd⻈b\ǾQ2B77/i޻2u:Uz+2|wݜKoQ/z+O#ACn~zͯ_^n~z_u; "%^[B皌Dyw|TU>(7ݛѫ(7r/7*^n~Qn/odJsSnvËr*_+˙;+[Y}J쏈Ӌ/**cQe32zi:=cY- K?;!'~K3|W9zO}=?]|x@^oN{񢂷0ɏwTnw4:X{bY;xiwuĻ9TfqZ|i ^_۠7__rH|Yn3Jw?C96&iob'cvyy_K=/=/l<^+.Ѷw"9xt`-MәR{E;k䷷mkD bWѥO/*xvEاq~ėv*v}H|9V6[o\f s+r7:!>õgޮ7c7bގo?kvFCUVwU|VSHĩ9|W湪4O@&hGכJAտY;aw}n_ٙMv;8|HH]n.>>[{?XZőN;o=Jc;o4>27mY ww.Bm,$bVL9roÀSǃMO.ѳsUoocɭCQ6xVsk[At.uxu]$s|ۯ[ߤC uGll!1?GG,,-32 ÓÄÊ 681.3.01 À.Â. ÊÎÐÎ˨Â, À.Þ. ÑÒÐÞÊ ÂÎËÍÎÂÎÅ ÏÐÅÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÌÀÒÐÈÖ Ñ ÍÅרÒÍÛÌÈ ÐÀÇÌÅÐÍÎÑÒßÌÈ Îïèñûâàþòñÿ ñïîñîáû ïðèâåäåíèÿ ìàòðèö ê âèäó, ïîçâîëÿþùåìó âûïîë- íÿòü äèñêðåòíîå öåëî÷èñëåííîå âîëíîâîå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå. Ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ ðåçóëüòàòû ïðèìåíåíèÿ ïðåäëîæåííûõ ñïîñîáîâ â ìåòîäàõ ñæàòèÿ âèäåîäàí- íûõ, îñíîâàííûõ íà âîëíîâîì ïðåîáðàçîâàíèè. Ðåçêîå óâåëè÷åíèå îáú¸ìîâ ïåðåäàâàåìîé ïî ëèíèÿì ñâÿçè èíôîðìàöèè, íåîáõîäèìîñòü õðàíåíèÿ áîëüøèõ ìàññèâîâ äàííûõ, à òàêæå ðàçâèòèå öèôðîâîé òåõíèêè (öèôðîâûå ôîòîàïïàðàòû, âèäåîêàìåðû, ñòóäèè öèôðîâîãî ìîíòàæà è ò.ï.) òðåáóþò èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ íîâûõ, áîëåå ýôôåêòèâíûõ ìåòîäîâ ñæàòèÿ äàííûõ, îñîáåííî äëÿ îöèôðîâàííîé àóäèî-âèçóàëüíîé èíôîðìàöèè [1,2,5]. Íàèáîëåå ýôôåêòèâíûå àëãîðèòìû ñæàòèÿ âèäåîäàííûõ ñòðîÿòñÿ íà îñíîâå ïðèìåíåíèÿ àïïàðàòà ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèõ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèé.  ðåçóëüòàòå ìàòåìàòè- ÷åñêîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ èñõîäíîìó íàáîðó äàííûõ, ïðåäñòàâëåííîìó ïîñëåäîâà- òåëüíîñòüþ âî âðåìåííîì ïðîñòðàíñòâå, ñòàâèòñÿ â îäíîçíà÷íîå ñîîòâåòñòâèå íàáîð äàííûõ â èíîì ïðîñòðàíñòâå (÷àñòîòíîì, ÷àñòîòíî-âðåìåííîì), ïðè÷¸ì ñâîéñòâà ïîëó÷åííîãî íàáîðà òàêîâû, ÷òî îáåñïå÷èâàþò áîëåå êîìïàêòíîå ïðåä- ñòàâëåíèå åãî â öèôðîâîì âèäå [3,6].  òå÷åíèå ïîñëåäíèõ 20 ëåò ðàçâèâàåòñÿ òåîðèÿ âîëíîâîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ (wavelet). Áëàãîäàðÿ ñâîéñòâàì öåëî÷èñëåííî- ñòè, íåâûñîêîé âû÷èñëèòåëüíîé ñëîæíîñòè, ñîõðàíåíèþ ðàçðÿäíîñòè îáðàáàòû- âàåìûõ äàííûõ âîëíîâîå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðèâëåêàòåëüíîé îñíîâîé äëÿ ïîñòðîåíèÿ àëãîðèòìîâ ñæàòèÿ âèäåîäàííûõ [3 - 6]. Ê íàñòîÿùåìó ìîìåíòó ðàçðàáîòàíî áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî ðàçíîâèäíîñòåé âîë- íîâîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ, îñíîâíûì ðàçëè÷èåì êîòîðûõ ÿâëÿåòñÿ âèä áàçèñíîé ôóíêöèè. Âûðàæåíèÿ, ïîçâîëÿþùèå âûïîëíèòü áûñòðîå öåëî÷èñëåííîå âîëíîâîå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå äëÿ íåêîòîðûõ ðàçíîâèäíîñòåé áàçèñíûõ ôóíêöèé, èìåþò âèä                     , 2 h int l l ; l l h W(2,2) k 0 1 2k k 0 1 2k 0 2k k                                          . 4 l l int ' h h ; 2 ' h int l l ; l l ' h ) 6 , 2 ( W j 1 k j k j k j k j k 1 j 1 k 2 j k 1 j 1 k 2 1 j k 2 j k                                  . 4 h h int l l ; 2 l l int l h W(5,3) k 1 k 0 2k k 0 2 2k 0 2k 0 1 2k k , , 'x Lu*CH4g>@LoVf>Vke4磑Zp5]-61iĪGbiIK@nn}{~{D\I.2m,SE"qX!XS=Ory5?鰮ƥFjDk@CmOQKqHy>cXHmcP?6t;޼=4 ;C49}~6N,uf[?SТۙ7h-}um2zY:u˒~܏@WU |[ r6ZH|Tj{c(RϿ ._st~NF|2˨m?`0[x' |ż'WɀwkNiA*#J"k7Qb68 ~>2oıwOY})ħjε{o9U_jDK +\q}XŷCe??쿬`_<᭿*mW xkUhuK}Ve3ʯ\v_VnN"v迎)l~ߠZ{1[igk?מ^>vڷFgs;ڻحu6_s:ߩQg>ٹmھ3pWWWWWWW@W}UUUUUQoa@Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:36   |  r"  (16 2 /3 1k8 XT {x͝UUg >XVy *I* SP,)QQ$@|SHf5?g>ɱXd}831A2wヌs}kk>޻$IXp~%If N$7 =H+z©'&I%$D$[]ݱGܹW<(񉟣%\K'W$U3B/t^Zʿ9M[~$|X҆gJ]0T={~Rc(ht=U*)eN3\%:@~Ƣn%mY>Y>D!A=7B~3KR0O閅08!;$:落_2|6ehݐA猿LD&~8/x-<77J'*ݷmn:V~̉i~hyX,^C|Yu &,UHu?Q&tp&m[׵%>|MsS61M?7<x}V;ǎM$g KyBzN?w$>:du⇱LHEU$~>x"d>,JjO''&S|W)5^ev͉o/b߼7V77oW}|A}Mx㛤&ioo*SZħujA/H`EvCwo-n{)Jc.cTR:F0U Jc7c8Bp~@<Çec G0Tj!J$O%듕IlGnc)٦ʯ˲{Z-V+"kI.t'ۥu)yA*?+Y{@ۀ4e )Z uۘu-RPP6Pv{pd6u{ vi}+se~Ҽݩ|wd.v_*TWMݕTճ׫ >HlSv|㠍 @:?5okLޫTKݿe/P}\<_^ԡQFh:^lVjy8X7=zjfLͯhg7 > ۼ^C/)l]qouߞNX%ާ.Y;ٲwOWX~gҾw.wHw(e9P/1aKQ (9L]w2_Z:b%1j}C|zJ"SaEAk k"]^My3CAqZp췴aǭ;.wJĬv)5]PLij2ᧈuM漦"ՅY-m>+m'٪urv!ڿF=Y'uzޗ;U ~CcANXV\(rDOۘ1gRhܸc"`\,L~>@[kfM̦2=}1IЙ/iczre;mJ[}.iZxw 39{]\#1P]b}5^3jrO<2g%Vxlr״+9?Epe?[ufU0\ytx/d1_C$іzPua &Ju"jaxs{3ˣ%#k.&Az&֍mG[żm].n@>G>) ua<嘎<`q[1n%6}ZiEmpb g9V὞Ә`U|f+e_ZW9YdMTc/8VbݢR;®7edlسq^cnF*Ϙ\[V eCCjy͋:1/pԙϦL;e?x|`U% 3>0\qPW<"vkSql8`/R۔z 7f:|y5mHn'c ޺!L *0<;:p7xxC;qߐk2o@7ӟnGJ;t}[%w|Yon{kr:L?y s9]ٮܱa55S0Vtȸ=lGe=O+zۑozRpqj{{ׁ˷۹8yĸ<`1󦇗eQǜ9_[`^>DS'&ʍ{zxޓš'tޑ74Ձ[S^Xws^)s yA]O qhw6пiN}Hua/7Xfjk=36YÙ,yY!KIi;~sEZ@:7C?a'}? Iy({uGO԰ .6&ԕuvoOwuR,8O&xenay =TP~_>Af˜w޲]RsxZ^+VZ>g"rX{jx^ے-'Nn^TkNSn>ⷜ:CeL2Gyk#a^t? Oܧm~1/,:g |`pSE[K5?3$axND=OF#e՚W{suN9 pԣ7yAGr_~OO>(:S>PP#͇|\~a}+wpeR3>7\_-\Aӝ57M> _> Fѕ\խЛMty)E굊c1z|y>E!g@~2Pϼf/~n)f,Jg~:0NĬv?DKA@^R;g48ϑ)r5ڂxO \}N=LG!PK.&慾k0m_H{bjydzѸ:$gO >3?jZ{l'Eڇ] $*8B?ާ<0W_ljb;+-8C`yJQE.*c`ۇM jY_g&WPٹkoiU382XQ3<]HJ2lmV7cjK*zlKnnyqB自b['TD8!_k]4I^X8[N~=duA?ҕx\y>6/|ia3 /ll>م}ǩ> pfGeco%2+~2OL~vR Ϯ]rXGu{֢gd13lI wD0{]Աx_^蛸C,ӏ\fIUJ17[vL<C?gB&mmNm(2I g4"T l[CL?i]&6YLCf>%YӠwqKt':mlM ybض*:be/1'{.s'f|-W г} /!q/чUUg_lp>3KJ. S(e$o56bol_ L}x%m<@̃7 /mТ¹*7qgL%:;v離Z7.ӈj{x?_B!=W&b7>tW~M_r߷&ڿEމYGq,`2̷ؾo a矒(hנv0~1*\r3/{[F8ytgdGJJ$E {AP>Ecd^왕Ӓy_q@Jt^M>T_FJ-{d/xdZzWlc+&c_? NXLɞYƌ!U\HѰV6}9>T0_A_zU5J!cPņ%JOS8PC{fhNWky-/1qQmgYJMe]{Բ`)lҟ*eyυO+ۣr&:_]I2YbY՜>P ;g +0kΤ/J4d ]M,~טuR/eUEۺ@a_zR}8N=)gҡ9_>U÷^+_U\@r)ۙUR*yW[pVY(uեZՊE$}\+cw,z _Sk7r'ȝɥ/=_-؏0_+}l*YKzf)>nQ^)--z랤 I.}eNojp|8{,*=~1ߞ+,ᛞ~`bN=Ρ.|n9;Nwά_vz쬪}]gc-G#woqGiUᙋ& ]P+) RrhKGΣ:yx9Or{Pgu7H q;ԍD:?GClߑ[2_nMp oAW+u_[ 7[^R6O!zxW)~nO8xe8G<=A;R`>66h8ۿ>w$2{w_(%"v=Z7'BkwkMf~C w"(6gS;K{zb8趤n O5-e|=@ rwY)p?64=6ӆ&A;b +9$gN|XmsXk`eK*~ 'zN[P6pcW7NLwVoS[I b5(6Zhv=?R詷?7փdt^ֺq̢.ufz< tt?v=uSou70~Ko݋=Vv'tk q|mfVz>Y*o_tݩ/qDq{\qz+@\GClWӓVP\IӃ3}ȴi1)?߱7vv:bif$wʔ`tĎl)Uq%ʚ^S;XEPC&HlR^˴]m~MGlGdmmhԻC: 73/Y 7?t^gpeɶoζ60_b7Mݐ.e;G)cr2.S2>c>~᚝ef?s wy[S7z=Bf=D]E7&.u.[_Λ&)8O[L U/^\6bL2Mo)zT [=9٨[3!ףCUܧjaaؖFqc1}n'k1f˞ DOπggyy.廭Fakyl̜mٜ4%;놷8r&Y1=ƪ >@Z%so!gT7)zpn=(_oO4Q֙~#齓vvlhczb`rޟۆ<uq;꠷@gz1hRqh]^`O]3k^s>xq#"{aƝ-Ӿ'fYSstm>Yq>8G7>C P<'1y`Аw=i'uql[hM?> 3ex >7)MmO,WzK}=ef*"K1?b']=ҹXX7z{Y7Б;ܞ:۴ d:#95M,cu 6rq3>7's_+I-}Zc;ѝ"EۇϷ7@a1/:p&>W>))ShƲAcexC>xB }<=/ZxHYK,2s/I>X`ii_jYcsg=c}{wO e!O'K|&N0 e4Ը Pぼ,v◽$ltQb z@Ŷ$Ŗ`| 6/Z˲c=E[,k dcfs;S8Ub ~U$ܥgSU16.HA:z6!~|srcnM+t\ ~?RIߞu 6\jZҲ!AXqj02wt~6:H| I=#VqK ?/9oQ'ftC. XOAqM_ynlm֞kouەL!:0F M4)uρsIi5K3>_Q,#br.慴[,/}tXף=O?᱇W):Lr@d{xqOC<' ,,*33 ãäå W(x 1 ,x 2 ) – ðàçíîâèäíîñòü âîëíîâîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ, èìåþùàÿ õ 1 çíà÷åíèé ôèëüòðà íèçêèõ ÷àñòîò è õ 2 çíà÷åíèé ôèëüòðà âûñîêèõ ÷àñòîò; l – çíà÷åíèÿ íèçêî÷àñòîòíûõ òðàíñôîðìàíò (l 0 – èñõîäíûé ñèãíàë); h – çíà÷åíèÿ âûñîêî÷àñ- òîòíûõ òðàíñôîðìàíò; j – íîìåð ýòàïà ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ; k – íîìåð çíà÷åíèÿ òðàíñôîðìàíòû ( ÷èñëî çíà÷åíèé òðàíñôîðìàíò ðàâíî ïîëîâèíå ÷èñëà çíà÷åíèé èñõîäíîãî ñèãíàëà). ×òîáû âûïîëíèòü äèñêðåòíîå öåëî÷èñëåííîå âîëíîâîå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå èçîá- ðàæåíèé, ïðåäñòàâëÿåìûõ â öèôðîâîì âèäå ìàòðèöàìè öåëûõ ÷èñåë, íåîáõîäèìî ñäåëàòü ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ïðèâåäåííûìè âûðàæåíèÿìè ïðè ñêàíèðîâàíèè ìàòðèöû ïî ñòðîêàì, à çàòåì ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå äâóõ ïîëó÷åííûõ ìàòðèö (âûñîêî÷àñòîòíîé è íèçêî÷àñòîòíîé) ïðè ñêàíèðîâàíèè ïî ñòîëáöàì. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, äâóìåðíîå öåëî÷èñëåííîå âîëíîâîå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå ïîçâîëÿåò ïðåäñòàâèòü äâóìåðíóþ ìàòðèöó öèôðîâîãî îïèñàíèÿ èçîáðàæåíèÿ N ðàçìåðíî- ñòè n´ n â âèäå ìàòðèö LL, HL, LH, HH ðàçìåðíîñòè n/2´ n/2 êàæäàÿ (ðèñ. 1). Ïðè ýòîì íèçêî÷àñòîòíàÿ ìàòðèöà LL êîíöåíòðèðóåò â ñåáå áîëüøóþ ÷àñòü ýíåðãèè èñõîäíîãî ñèãíàëà, à â âûñîêî÷àñòîòíûõ ìàòðèöàõ HL, LH, HH ñîñðåäîòî÷åíà íåáîëüøàÿ åå ÷àñòü, ò.å. áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü çíà÷åíèé â âûñîêî÷àñòîòíûõ ìàòðèöàõ áëèçêà ê íóëþ. N LL HL LH HH Волновое преобразование n n n/2 n/2 Рис. 1. Матрицы трансформант волнового преобразования Íèçêî÷àñòîòíàÿ ìàòðèöà òðàíñôîðìàíò ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ LL ìîæåò áûòü âíîâü ïîäâåðãíóòà âîëíîâîìó ïðåîáðàçîâàíèþ. Ïðîöåññ ìîæíî ïîâòîðÿòü äî òåõ ïîð, ïîêà ìàòðèöû ÷àñòîòíî - âðåìåííûõ îáëàñòåé íå âûðîäÿòñÿ â îäèíî÷íûå ÷èñëà. Íåîáõîäèìî îòìåòèòü, ÷òî äëÿ áîëüøèíñòâà ïðèêëàäíûõ ïðèëîæåíèé âïîëíå äîñòàòî÷íî íåêîòîðîãî îãðàíè÷åííîãî ÷èñëà ïîâòîðîâ [4]. Àíàëèç âûðàæåíèé, îïèñûâàþùèõ äèñêðåòíîå öåëî÷èñëåííîå âîëíîâîå ïðåîá- ðàçîâàíèå, ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî ðàçìåðíîñòè (÷èñëî ñòðîê è ñòîëáöîâ) ìàòðèöû öèôðîâîãî ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ èçîáðàæåíèÿ äîëæíû áûòü ÷¸òíûìè ÷èñëàìè, äàþùè- ìè ïðè äåëåíèè íà äâà òàêæå ÷¸òíûå ÷èñëà, ò. å. êðàòíûå ÷åòûð¸ì. Ïðè k- êðàòíîì ïîâòîðå ïðîöåäóðû âîëíîâîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ êðàòíûìè ÷åòûð¸ì äîë- æíû áûòü âñå âíîâü ïîëó÷àåìûå íèçêî÷àñòîòíûå îáëàñòè, ÿâëÿþùèåñÿ èñõîäíû- ìè äëÿ ïîñëåäóþùèõ ýòàïîâ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ. Òàê êàê ðàçìåðíîñòè èçîáðàæåíèé, ïîäâåðãàåìûõ ñæàòèþ, â îáùåì ñëó÷àå ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïðîèçâîëüíûìè, âîçíèêàåò íåîáõîäèìîñòü â ðàçðàáîòêå ñïîñîáà îáåñïå÷åíèÿ ÷åòíîñòè ðàçìåðîâ èçîáðàæå- íèÿ. Ðàçìåðíîñòè ìàòðèöû öèôðîâîãî ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ èçîáðàæåíèÿ ìîãóò áûòü ïðèâåäåíû ê çíà÷åíèÿì, êðàòíûì ÷åòûð¸ì, ïóò¸ì ââåäåíèÿ äîïîëíèòåëüíûõ ñòîëáöîâ è (èëè) ñòðîê (â íàèõóäøåì ñëó÷àå òð¸õ) . Ïîñëå âûïîëíåíèÿ ïðåîáðà- çîâàíèÿ ðàçìåðíîñòè íèçêî÷àñòîòíîé ìàòðèöû LL áóäóò ÷¸òíûìè, íî íåîáÿçà- òåëüíî êðàòíûìè ÷åòûð¸ì. Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ïåðåä î÷åðåäíûì ýòàïîì ïðåîáðàçî- âàíèÿ ìîæåò ïîòðåáîâàòüñÿ äîïîëíåíèå ìàòðèöû LL äâóìÿ ñòîëáöàìè è (èëè) ñòðîêàìè. Ìàêñèìàëüíîå ÷èñëî çíà÷åíèé, äîáàâëÿåìûõ ê ìàòðèöå öèôðîâîãî ïðåäñòàâ- ëåíèÿ èçîáðàæåíèÿ, ñîñòàâèò: – íà ïåðâîì ýòàïå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ 9 ) n m ( 3 N max 1     ; &xhe?M疻ݦv7oe4S[hɢhq  U f?VTlo6̴TIi9׷so~n=x~w.5YDD&3tP!. bt uH<˥L.<ןz.Ms u!};0;2ňnEwusz=\q2CmO>eDs] FJ Gz2,?eoU#RY$ce9VJ,-SJUܕ/$_֥Uf_Pɔf` iG3>JdD}\K~\Κ=Y1z]!fyؕ+O֚ä(mfpf@T3$T$D a%p9|:@'e+| 040\?| &1cAN`3qz Bz$\!= @1֦Yjj8 zuKR0ls<<<#tb<)Kx1}kTUi7+kHsPx<{?JVYo^},x>,YyNaD?Gvne`36nBULnU z=q܇^!upU{!':s x5<@ F9b}E`+k [O`.5`(S2hA}~]$Oᯧ y:shB6/ccg } z}jwHh 7"X͜6P[jLf\+n{V b+NE^rψBMj\w<0=Q_o!'Py~䱇;egĬOǙ~.//_B*0; /z!NLbE}BE}G;oy*orͅ#JNz;H]OUي =햮5,=e윬ouvlV׊%ʽ[]#UTK\O2=VN_k={ܿMl5K׶XSzʱ[ͮ^7ةةꤚV#U~o~Xrz:.U;԰w3N8p:t8p:tNMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:36  8   (8 8 (16T 2DT /08 1*M < {tx]EuoB ( /CB% )B|h4v)hbGVRԶbDJh%# &{}V&3sΙ3393wfqYmTh\V8wR}K7Y6a]tYY6.[,{,Yڒó쎣~Of!٩MVfdeWf벚%ٯ_~%N+[OD闖4(>^a)^iMїW*p}?/}Za ~5")8An%SHŖu@_Ԭlj2Mji׃M$+r)[e}'6M~۸yYvmM>5euΜ~M6\8jۄk&>flŶK3:x݋&*Q|KM{4|d·|6>U/(HOv }YiԚIe.۵}jvfنw}iPekFO]ԍN/~oy[WبӣGe(t Dk߰ G_lIn+K+[mIo!m2nOE_s?\]X)uŽCmCۜ3y&"uyv9i=!6hw ÊGjT$6ShWm|w Pu;%mNeF?2\=a(Op|R<{{2jY3ےPJ?cl ?S ?yGbꚬ|CHTS 18bƖ~g H{zPr+ YO>e^QßB?G>TQbK۠/ܗ\j<}NJ>7_wS}i.PO J~j5A;]wIFs*\k5a|61ֲjn]T*ͳʗu;xSw逖'd/w10~K׉+~djeb7,D\vSؑXs۬͸i6Q_.ӭSl&~_q:_,Z#굝3kO/W}PW~,c+~u:X+?o=xG3GÏCbU}%[駕>zɞC9۷m;fZǵ*y %߶=UVn]Ĩ] (UQZܤڷBj_.վ T~zYށK#e{: Rr.վ*]}Q~K/׵NZu`нAт6Uo tz\Kr\N'r~]AWK7_4~S.վ*]}QK/ʹ[Tk!ׁA(?Rv1= r.Uo tz\Ē-O-MS㮝~Ǎͺ=K:#]#]c1v-;IģYPnu,RAZ- = Yc.}jkgM )QEUtG+a+DR uy*u Op H) driZW{OEP}~A{V;{2PقjPvd/ۚD3Nbޒm=&}5hЁFy"wi˘F^u=bM=|52g*sp\K7 wE Yt.Ad]˶K$AdsUI(7cr,4/8P>W}-cQ 6K"ÞҎ-1ha75QcIM@}6Ru>XKrqQVfcԅjYaUYCV3E] ȈQMQk!ߢ {!v_2.Ovi;ND7|F2 Yz$E278gAx -P_gN_GA۱b۱myӐGV;Ϫ -KbʃuabvL7)`Cr&gTϥ]JCHIgU>2\ :} :-?oDXZi?%Thl_^fq<揲;y>bnSc*l,0ֶ5+l+-ܟa3QC:r "kY]|C[ w)PƺpYbÈF\z`ˑ&I/mJ}=]JZF|tO`/CS/F~visf{O+D[=^@~ vrV z[9qNi<16 <,h8|eO.(:I#5޼M5 \j;d ;pvX+$3/gh+`(p\yt?sĆ<x&؟[s_XVACv@_-|!ybò@/fZnֱyQ<)o<0ްznM ?z higxw.c ka_lx1E5|xĀG蝦s>|' _hyhj/} HH߯ia' FRc}pzd ||hSG|~m:k{ 6m^4Ʌ]9*hx,MԞ.6";9ǝu_DcOtG@UԎζjSw6m S]er6GA9ɝNʸn'*d}Q{8^H>G}p爟8d?ʸ0-A_k :8>/ˮ,u7赖5}#8}wSLr5z;K?:8µ^wӓ':ٌDְhk$NUwx(iN5EyVz`ÿRuolos}ږG諓qH4o N+v$5pCYs;->_sh+<2/kLgbQ%l?~+@O8Ew6~Z h~Z);Xtvm8wE忯;@G 8]i:;VlG[Ed ۚnwcgcx.*뚨gj]਋vvWӛ$*ױF18WC^:heڛY$u^e/?d^U?M jd–|OڧS_Edi|Ws(S;ŮtqUT7y1w.J:lOF uo y<|)C{yE86:C ݮXٺ`KẆx@S\@Sv2Ođ< =Q~F[Tw_x=Ń%/){ ŧ۠}_L޿O OD>u]wfh9G˦j3-(_Ð-pxwr.ljc6'vpYV4ƹoX0!Tt n`g6㇄k֜opYdH(n-pN|Sw9fd<2D]Tf8G-h ?ʈ3ܲnSuY1Z8m]s1fc{LŸhoײUoipYDYt5LS޼LG9ӁG-q?1x׼A lU˒=ϩ+kp[JXJw+E>m4--s7+^"j ڔp^>ލVS~ː|qm:^mM}OhI T :"ސe>iܑTXQwz ηz =k穇Dm2s[QW/fix4|@;i rmI#>4r8}M?WNQ?Q+}wN KqxF62^N*CpȐ51"YXu~IKACeR;xŔAf~çOݩX9wczkҝ{]|%!!spIxk$זkAHFX# ]&:Cʧ_lP g+#n|ۥl.4,IOȞxiݘENpzPI)ߺi_؋N򞣀ob-K+uNMw mENMwf@Ee}z:`V꽲/AʯMcuY.U5uZJ),)ye )81Gݓ=xWv(Yrrg;KFG)50]nYž/t)~Q{ixW74znwBG x"ZZҵ6l;n3tR@Fb q>`'9]LjGcǔ;MΎSok_;Rz~`޿mOn1 ݻl-Eq޾-jRҥT7;oXQ~ХQ[ցwO[3)ݾ(RҥT4UoEz>{yn[Wpz\K](O|S-E.վ8.K/ӺF@7TQ.RrΥ!M϶+5FPM<4_>߰z%?oCRqeKe1׃`r0h DBG{'~B7SA}6=v~F>,ܷt)F#7C-6z'QjM)xsמے܂U;[r' XQϔ2l"Kʺe -x(o)2-7-yus޴e"on10'혲2u#W$_nl{DI7[7seAm@pwV~[Tq_7}(S|q /1T?fbtزLmDyL8es0?#[㏠5r'6ތKI  e]O?8` |l: ]#k-76C *nznc3f˱_\}pwO}F6X]ljHȅ p:1V)=)czbVm=.mƮ(S6Sm6 6A|F,Xl+]b󹁹/ [UmQviX#[ic(g}o8|a ǭ:n]>Uy*޻dM7L̲;S)'n8`{܎f=Bqwx_7H8ހc<3m218Z?:*i(c2%?UZ) ʸВ.շ wwԀu7m iZ ݧb&~泗߼U7|׆2Z4'o<(yOHyoyC|CwysÝP` ĘG룧ZV(ğw{*$|ĺ<'x"137Q=PkV`4ʅ>_M.kܿ 7 oSXX;R66&2-9y+>% nfySs]GT+5(+K}2EiE֍egzz˘z8%7ni\.bÃi2nl yeΛeFy?Nwbod!Nw|OA@=;^v!9>>ŔmceoS,<(I=y~@RdžNOTǿоWMfFrH|.r][_lµfaɼD_*CUv%;|1z{?5 'yk6aK˳Tߍnw+k('Y&u7_ }KԤ鍊׆nQ[.oq_)EG] K=ͱݕYr)++"j 9(oiME ]լ M$x,Iz![=t?x4w)P]UUEK_h;F=ʷQ˴HIE{:cjPԈN}A OE~2 XW ctG8Jl.\'>v>0Nxmw䇳;mIӃy9>L ۺ?w6˰;4]d)~}?6F#HawǦ{aE?wS~ﴱFӆצ7%CS忱}Ʈ߾;H߉?]'$?\'GOR¨߹3}y2ޭ|X_5n¹K}+r:N[?iY)&{tmBBG>~8j[{ӌ{]y"FRoZݓٟ7mwʼnͧioTw({G7Ne%S{zgwSxsJ7Ü:{?W |SB!~Www|jYgObߴ#M>tޣi8 #V=^lOT[{IMDs?bc#OxOA {sޫC#h\gp5@5W*n?zE)ics@{ Ug;KoK=TUem+2J(\,aww~Y֓uonHCҗILLٿϷ;?T;8>ZU٢lړCR5Wv6v1]hJ}v#fq~;MsXVreP.Q7#FOɨ#뎱"a"^꘮.}v~;>(قd'\8kϢdVO5nkywiͩ/w ߥDeqw NUiG3! K1S) ӃCI-?bpQ56HsHSrĔ]e'xx,xpĆo΃3_ $ox@f8Ch߯R^h,Ge];eJ+eOy11u6-t`Z@W6v:>B;{hS:~Lg}~fWGy{ >u|S=0b p}W+}6:Qwv9P~T|y4CfVh0*. ]6l:MR,'|D - _P\;U+6qi\)Α}Jv9+vUO\.x tq ii)ݪk݅TyMv31~N)Yl*bWl^ЯmܶBK<6[&x jU- )ȽJ#K$ysQ{:s?SG qjOe"s(Uֺ>{v־@)pԭ_}[@ lwWecYOYmW[tq֫kVFH\}Ю u؉x:i3|G!Xl~-?qwFa}|-͍39zE7_O?S>ɷrMU?͵X^pT0&r&㧁S :)o((}P {Ft)D =˻`YSpA={^u{iwΫNۥ yմgϫ^oՋe0cI o3C6=z%"PF3TQlbdq^~w ݷɢ0-JŮ(<B~jfNҝSR>W+* >ς*Zno' * þoQYC5L^>>ǃn(~yug(x>,gp֜%v3vW!{ !jd.kU)dgYν9/ ײ|7>U46z^Jsг ~PbE 7RI5面i^ 42N~p+옑$⫖Nrys/뽗8>~K=w%N 'j{7읰{ ̄ٗa36MI䲉ܾ~+]9=D&S~[)rx>#g9@g:jl͇WS< 7cxfGx."I()x9j!uYOa kyfӔ3N V蟂 րdR7J5s$g22wSn ih]q_ug?) bOT$bѾ;FvK]3Z&_.9ߞ~|ygT#V5{dՙ;f=k:~s88S@cŏ7Z~p; ̼zX^jAynyӨ{oZEXIRc섟#RtSmA9plN7o\'M7o$h2k=4t(hiاaﹰos{z,ߨs5}GD{מ;U>m;b>?+(^!>u1Esk8P_@qMỌW|W|~F\x'_ q?S#W~#BX^6s4uŷ43w5m3:cw7cą((Է9Oy7_@@@@@@@@@@@@F> '0Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:37   6U  +ڀ  (16 2( / 1j 8) {x eGY'-M NLB.g 2<HT@'PA|ty&jE$@"D((իYgコduZ[索goL&Y&xҡ&p2'=~20ӯnDsvodr='ODSN=;&'.s'?1'/lٓ"GuQ]~qGԟuxh\ؽWQ:&jqo^oL_an!q9ql#^a96,\,}o_GLqKКl;{s 8_kX~AƧMgT~cw2yydeߎ8~_m붺6>#/^/5DW>iO.}L-[.'y;-Qgŋ}Eg\|{ݺ2q^Q[o};ٝmQ^3I =vvɣ;;s|ͱKk _X,+}X|?yh4<=cI%uƋ9g?9q/}:7N<9uVK-\?x/ #^lrM&wq xJxXN&oOjU }aK.ʝ,K__sq}bHʕ,hw]Vk:拯=j0k],ӎk,xq!s82:>2ΥH%&8>;'16oC  1\{+gwyxkomo2גL-f|igDƸr[vGdٙx咏xb.??rc&Emזț=yƶo|n'Oyy <6mb%ZlAnWyoZ=k1_c&375ٵ8%7o<~`Wn˗}7!حJ{{|[n]9ڦM>_wyWĉˣ>poYg{19Z{un<1}G{0/vC0wT<&ʚ1O00󪁘'Wa^ۃy@S*0A 1O0XL>drܯ0׃y@*;;71O0vΐ(?el'mq87wE't|T|-&&19}ٗ5u+޿oc/v`&gD^sVi 9y zvƿf0~[O#~cmWv|׈.jCkMOk6ɘRc>{SٻoY¹|)-gkL>d+9lg}5>1go> |vN)> ?gk|>;~,|>[١+,|>[aM'}Q>{Z>:έޮ8,L>[cY1ML8;q+Y|C[6|vV|>?0vlgⳭ7_> _> |vvLlg៾{}g9@ώ٧D|6q)gkL> 3}U3BM>P|>[١-|>PӮlggo; ,|>[١-Y|>cgGVSM,L>[cY1l;d,˘goqy>POY|C[15>gk|>;+>gk|>;S|>|>0I/>8j}Qh5MJ0lgaư9Y|sK> |v~{ng?w+,|>[Y,|>[Y,|>[١;mNS,|>[a]qM> |v>糷Qlga^ރgaưⳏlڤ< ֜0ӛe> |v(~%&g?9&vi|>PS|>P> |v|>0ӛ,|>[YِGX>ˆVٜMʳ0lgaƥV֘Y|خlgm5>a 5>Z |>|>03{D|>P=]5>gcgeo l{JgkL> 3>gɮlgQ,|>[ϡ[Y,|>[!7>g_{e鳞#)|6 <:̏`^43"9"|q7|17o._ͅg.cg._.ͅyTFY?ްx}$m?Ѻ~cÖ!_h$8ύokϿs'ⳏ7wo@go+h_?pjϿ/A_x^hV7mq8*\?]=qw[L谱 +gJTĿg _n.<_ޮ9/,Q><,rZ-9폩lsDf^mvr{)Ì51Z-×k|}~;_n:w—k|}(~k|^_3w+×k|}Vr;|`s;|Ɨۇ?}r.nw!×k|}\ZrceZ\S55__/rͬr |Ɨkfŗk55\3+\_irq-(5ΝG2gk>rM)pĄڳ_ߊr |Ɨkfŗk55\3 KrMs4i\_a`\S5C[k _a] ~r |ƗkL?5%׼ JZic-kj|fV|\S55__/rͬr |Ɨkfŗk55\3-Ba_yq\K(5Əs+~Ȯh+kjLf&fֺ3_ߊEr |Ɨk5_hqHA/׬\S5c\_a\&_\3\Skﯟ:׸\ߢeZiKr |Ɨkfŗk55\3+\_YrM/̊/kj|fV|\S5/גk<ʠlr͙q¹r)yrM)pd5yv/kj|f(n/kj|f(~+5_er |Ɨk#kj|fV|\S5C[@/rͬr |Ɨkᅦ[גk"JZiUrM/̊/kj|fV|\S55__/rͬr |ƗkO[͸͞ܯx\KFAVέk2'}50S᪉ Gɽ:5_ރk55\3 }?H/r0_\_Y5_#ڦsr |Ɨk?%o:|Ɨk5"|3JZi}/rͬr |Ɨkfŗk55\3+\_YrM95_BaߺZrB{_Uq¹rM>rM)pĄ#Ӛ5_w 55\3?.#kj|f(~]55Ɨk55\3+\S5k55\3 \S5גk)3\+mU/rʹ}I|\S55__/rͬr |Ɨkfŗk55\3-Bi_9![9/ʠOy^pn\9!G)Ԙr WML8rM+5_1[kj|f~;5_wd555kq5_ʿ/kj|fߑ/rP}ڏ\_a粅;sk5Oi}k55\3+\_YrM/̊/kj=|\S5k55\3-Bgb[rC{z\KaWAVk~*N8R}O\Sc50# 61ᬖk55\3 _Nr |ƗknrM/ ok555s/r}\S5[kj|fj/rPz|}Ƶ+eZ ×kj|fV|\S55__/rͬr |Ɨkfŗk55\3-Bguye\K(5۹r9/]|y?BWHށ/0|yƗw௖w;53K+N/̊/wj|ygjyS;;_Zށ/P.'|Ʒ6+\_YrM{V|\S55__/rͬr |Ɨk_4/\xqTA9<$F`黜{nG^7!mu 5"d51$oj|f|S7CW7_ߊG |Ɨofŗo75|3|_YM/ _-oj|f(~k|M/̊/oj|fV||Su7__/ͬ |Ɨofŗo750-Bf_גo}D|Kfsk5Ck7!y!|S7W7_Z/PV85sRwuq kDj^cH/0 |Ɨo௖o75|3M/̊/oj|fj|S77_Z/P7__//|_Y7__/ͬ |Ɨofŗo75|3-Bf_93%ߜe'U`)y:߸|kDj^cH/0 |Ɨo௖o75|3M/̊/oj|fj|S77K |ƗoW/O|_Y7__/ͬ |ƗofŗoK|3+|_7/o囋Zk ʼn ޿ רk7!߸F5M/ _9oj|fj|S7C[H/ͬ |Ɨo௖o75|3+|_m_-oj|f(~k|M97_|_YM/̊/oj|fV||S77_!|/׸|(>85sR{y:߸|kDj^cH/0 |Ɨo௖o75|3M/̊/oj|fj|S77_Z/P7__/ͬ |Ɨofŗo75|3+ ;|Ɨofŗooj|fV||S7/oFlu2/϶#;wNk?/].:̏`^`0_r I8_c^53Jφ^c^7hWkL6Dg)ט|fƿļkL6wvbus gwlCxQ`>=޿l5fÊ~}6\:y\V`ܽmWq>0{jܯ ݻ~ gq>0{peP\c8и+^ L4opPqfWy5yP%>K//M6_b{!J,6'(K_E9;|ukOL^cp.u"kPZXS1`Y܇/:9?g)ט\v,_;\\g?t~\OZ}Mw zS1nJ[:LSb~O[ͱḳf_[wAs8J]V)ט?%MLe]/k|uw ok xExX}-<(K_]k5m'kvÏ6b)܏%rrA#`Լ\_.BIkOrLƔ ւ٧urAWXj\뀵NL\PckŔrA)\{B`א 1 ʛ>rA)L) jL`L\PckLQ.p 1ʠO.8;R.(.ij:L|8YΥwtnj 㞶_\Cb{er:.x_rq3`pWkGM}㯖Fܕzjh?lqBw>8Jg

Gͱ㿫|b~/Ï.]C̯u1_ck_̯rjޭDϵļ7 e?a5?\)kLq- 8C!kLqLq_c`0p`njx,?>}1X_cC0a5E1snfk̗wq޷6=9%.kuUt`>Sl1vcY䲍ϻQsOe{a5ؾ~+Z/b;P]6Wm1~(zb{o^?L{sjڴp߭q#xE5cGW Q c+ޯel!kL~Lx_c`0S_ f6Ǒx ˾(Zwny~bx_c>ÌV4L?=b~{`}x2kܗ.kߜ.}~{]ژϫؿiƴ?Nvl+,DYڙz kL1-9}cWpN|b>|1Msc>\1b>\1cxw-1[1ߵXQ70S̟Ṡ)טb4b>L1ׂYu+_(1_b m+MYu}[*|!ؽk̋Ĵ_c^9%vj̫a5uSb0Sfa5&#S)טbZ0V_}Ajƙ!1_&J1_Cp[1_1<ƻ_ZQ:N0SS)טb4bqx)O)kLq|Lq8^ckL\qЩ8~J[17[q8^c=/kLq|S]=8Lq|y[8\qƽ]Meqa58k W+׸8\qǧ58> 1kܝZ}U\|fzn ո 8S1`nXo3R =+Ʋ+ϯpp]k{u,{G)טtъens\qsy{UjӞKyݔ\`s1S1Mi^csS)~ט;b1ѸkLs!$n ^mv<fү W~m{vZ+'ؚ S1/01S#\}` \Ը9w&X+~׸uc7LZ1ow lL]ckdWQ`5}!>Pk\sip8Wq!:(i8^cG6x}ob }bZpbx)O)kL1|L1^ckLfeg5eno ߍ&+~I^#~js[]R$o?V;9q9רkP]x S1/S)^טWN)^k̫a5uSb0Sfk#x]cS)^ט45La5x= x S1i0ku)^O)^kLzLx]c`0SS)^טZ0W_zъSCb#QkS]qPϊ_k̋a5Sb0)1kuyݔ5L#x]ci0ku)^O)^kLzLx]c`0SS)^ט45La5x= x S1i0ku)^s!/^?bx*>$ڟ~KwLF]C~lukzVF_)^ט5ka5Sb0)1kuyݔ5Lѧx S1 45La5x= x S1i0ku)^O)^kLzLx]c`0SS)^ט45Lׂy^%#Q(_8xG&ϛ<{mrwM~<Ν?y~qݖ䳻?͓=qzCT׶([zmYaϝ;wG_{cm^o~Gݓ oD{ǡ;pK{䌋>m#[GMvm\K%7G}aӣ=k\}:q*^ qn~߸&q/HWk ^C ].C 8bh_1G6lxS&0Fy˟87ݰ[1 %nm\mg9k8qc}L*Ǧ'vst]}QLkT4 Qu{ y[8w #(}ϣ<'qr[wĆ{nxGĻ&6.Ko &o37|yɽ7 OY--m?_{)c=Yu{%=;6+S.ϫן\_#{}+ɧ=cΆ Ulh= q{!Yۣlίg1>ǂn]7~>_seՎ10h,r 3F\{˱ 'G}_r;e+l) zCğ8>qxic1m?W|J~[x+y8y+ا_q}?l!g۲}~i~Seql$3?Wr;*0䦞mKn7#e(RO q!z-eOn-Fo[ΓH-lIr<['y~78R6.}2InF=ۆ1o"b;1yRo,^a/7N JoEIo)&Yv{/䮞*dž&e2t0KzW[cn_Սyc}.[O;n);-2M}8(Jʎ*n-nu^qKٱEM?Xnm C5GEiLSv,nw=㖲cq{XM;n);n+o~R=cZ7N{3/as5<(zӃ}0ʔs㦟9kw6>~|(qʂ 3K?Xs쿺}1(SV?W^z}ŋ͛~ޚ?7~vWͭcbun)97o/c ]b nb nbLΓہ1m8Nc!>F_3%:xco-{V|EtZQ,O}1fk`orc[ccglM ~fTM7-zޢk ]RqSoqz 5S77-ܬpKٱY3[ܬp-efTrSoqz 5SMz 7-Rv,nL%77-ܬpKx;Z3[ܬp-e([΋2Ny 7s(Rv,n%7=q3-e(zN#s]/Q'̡,s(9+eꬢC}}v^osãv=ϡ5!n7[ʮG{4`[}}fGxi?{l=?{Xrc-n7v=G= PQzi?{l=?{Xrc-n7v= wi-{+{|S^ڮw{,[g=j;=c{č=f<]]ڣzvc?{Q1[#n7z7p揷E_Wvc?{[ccɍ=G#n츭G{q-=>;Qzi?{l=?{]1[#n7<10=Zuf}v?Nx;=|7mZ q|.R6m$cwő}cWG.^ڒYgm\q8[z_(SVg^wWԳxNWq(vn'nSz7%)Q[ʎ7bk8Z{s?ϳ=Ӕpw77pKx;J IJntѲ7;f~RvOqkn 7cq{-ɧњ{.~Furuӣ*n-n!cqő&3ȧ,nǼ&~n#oX*y 7cᖲcqy,<[ʎ3U1Uoq<ngJn-nXX>nLYc)9=o1Ę/Q\G>vJ`zSGN ;7߷޶uwq|%28Z˶_k4L[`ߕN^ہg'e4n9^݈1lڞ,Ny2Ϲuy+{5=_+);_~l]^rSoq͚uyM͚Ɓ[ʎͺfM5=n);YfM[ʎͺԛz5=nXܬKn-nY㖲cq./YfM[ʎ슛zoo[ʎG+g, EAfWW]{;n︥XSԛq;KzW4ez3;n:n);7k\ԛwtRv,n#o{%7=Q69diL7FiLSvܶ5Ɯ\qd}7/9-QlempG%7>nvܾe<~vl+'}}~Zg?cʮg{M?%mQoIyyL܍ErSoq{zpOC-NKn^zk Ioqʎ7bgp[~)7?.1tъ111);On;zKL8tcP=Q\ז̬=0FγvS=ڧ{o }/DNwǭY]ol{A&edw)қ=zgCo);컔[f}z=Rv,n]n#}A͞ nlpKٱw=Rv,n]n*ٳ͞ n);7.%77{6ٳ-efߥf7{6X컔[f}z=cqRrSoqg=Rv,n]Jn-nlpg[ʎ;KM͞ nlpKٱw)ٳ͞ n);7.%77{6ٳ-efPr˵BXVp-e-Yf[ʎ rK}z33MO1cK@aZ=!J/mD1:d{u֮z_uZGSvNذذG#n)sR+{|Q^ڮw{,[g=j;=c{č=f<]xF.Qe}eV٣Ggڎi%7qcOmף=>1x޲ǿǏEzDzQ٣ccɍ=G#nSh?K{ToF_٣vc?{Q1[#n7z[x%{|X^ڮw{,[g=j;=c{č=f<]]ڣBދ:?-*>`^ڮw{,[g=j;=c{č=f<]]ڣB&Qzi?{l=?{Xrc-n7v=?}+{|{^ڮw{,[g=j;=c{č=f<]ye=~&oKnecQ٣GmǴǒ{lqcGأ?O{T_z==G]X==?{vL{,7{xjG=}egDzDzQ٣ccɍ=G#nShVDi-{0V٣Ggڎi%7qcOmף=K{Tovc?{Q1[#n7<1ٗk7{(榨MݞlTG^Q{cMōώw{)ax5}qua#Qzio*7o$kL٨\X^C*nvS\8.\qpD[6߼;sr`z]|}UzKٱqMS}z{f)q$7=޶rL5r1ӌiʎ[p 1,fL-eRo 7zKCKJ_P秞}PoӔKo6}ُRoq۸,nQ{ 7h{3co);~io 7{Kٱm n7:қ||s5? GU[Cp3-e&S771+M>-eq;lT,/ǿ<&ިg|A^#6JnzSoǣ7Rvz=yԸn9WPoŘqv =NqiZ6-ưit~؁1DK_Qo+;_WRv=1>+1Vqco{ݻLٱX17>nŽ۳LYcwOt>%n);OnWߗW]Ͼb[>$_x|%e1~+ic}_=<{|]G=a)'zߘAS=q_=֊Gc5VCkq +F[Γ1}Wc+)1K.cM8bv؝ 11}ֲG#n1e-GGK{To٣}enjٽᒛzʸ[ʎͽᒛzʸ[΃rOEɏS6npkK?ƍqclZrsڰܮ'7c0vW[99|܌=oǖ\W$WRN[qcǔ'ag"K{To٣g[أg[cY/>hMͳ-ySJy7϶cq|JMͳ-ySJn-ny%77϶Лg[pKٱm9vMm|pl n);nR<;3a o.oxJ'h97> 䍔k^D8G=MA7cq3?cqn!xfo 0gt܍Ezg-<3Y R7v4o_w~GKoRv,eL)OCy#t߼1֊111);On"Ƅ'O-leKW3>y7DE̬=0F1Wo٣g&N~{f?E~DǭY}c㾼q_ؤ<˗RM7szKٱvIMJܯ-e1u?5ӏGiLSv1}]7W7-eқ{Xŗcj5}|c/Ԟy7ӛvzKٱfϼf7X%77o-eff7XcXua{|!e繿s+f[ʎ7{i嘪ه>n);7{i%77pه-ef/f7pX쥕[fz}8ᖲcq9f7pX܎ٓ[A'z= I[ʎ t yq )ω~xX'/DY_Y[ jm}]^ڮ絵*?|~Jʲǘ&}m '71..޲lQ,9ؓ(m8ٓ`$֮X{S%=ہnz1P7ڎ5 Jn@Z;-jm(Ȓ`ܷr[99okEK}ϘZ벾V ]q~e7'&eZWM5No);1Uoq3/6:4efTr^ߘCf[ʎōF-{3/fo-eǚқzkL7-eқyI9+S̡p3-e7=q}Rv,nAE̡؛9{K1P%7s7s(̡p3v9T J8-XoC/nCm;tiul^ڒY-s-mC쿹ōCY CYohKVT2oP往yQZ 7m6ؤ-~6SoײۃԖXܶv\qjq3cwl:eǚeߓ.RǛ~NqkKMݘ.tcXcKz7sOfRvLn^Oq㧸Sm1Uoq;{i-ǩoL͋y1MٱK_ Bʎ`֊!Ɣެu-eRo 7zK˥cY%7YOf=[ʎ7S܌)n4eV7k77mnjoM:: 85w{_zk1͘cZr3N-n2e^H ֯fJo);5YɭCpCpCRv,ni3zCV^ZzÍX`ǩnߩG)s 7=1DC荟24eCd\SLg-egJ/|7_Hٱ2XkLY;vN;8rW>R{`F_G[SaVױ'Qrl)>/Kpτ[ʎmk\hٍ}&vcݤXLUzSo+[ʎY#fĘXr$}!}fm+n);UzSoͽ:ܫ-ekJsv ܬqKٱ~7=q3-eF_e V $XO!);dUs)iezKo7Л [8fɋ}n0n7[ʎn\MqaRv,n%77svqKٱ&cznn);7OԜs9{9;n츙ko i++6E=/_dLi{9֮sV=SSv'Ni-nrnrn);VN%7~ƏqǸ~\r-n7~?v=w1ToߍKeqXcm?nqǸc܌cqɍc1nX1Ə[1n7~zҏ[~W~(]~oU?=4lc{/-n9l 1uƵRo-o:n긑֎Kr3N-nb3tʎkH}vgaRogcnnLkLk{ᾈ^{} JKr(/_dR>_Gt n,xKS϶^ݢaE-2K.㾏=sVlt\}ec☥rlKn-ng-e5vC-n尛k/V[zyVRv,]RqSoq; Rv,ny 7Cᖲcq-t= Wcqv/fݏ5n);7 [|g!ʓL٨Q{bM #8٧-eqs̲a8 P\)8 6"_^Y=0qE GLY}yW~⦞m˱+tܞ16ɝnN}N7[[ʎ7I$7ODͳy/eqyq9gzہX~rqӛ|kL[cc[/n|!ef BbL}cB7ZzNJ!L|'7ϿЛ_-eO[~ہ.kJn-nY}9N}1ļؘӔzE{Kn-_/Rv,nư/Sz,7cXZz X1ڦ/xVzVBOٱFyV<ij,ncCҾ]Y#c${K* 7{Kٱm>]%7O1Q>.1=>򨊛z n2XN.l?f'|Uq[oV[p3G-e{ [|7߁-e{ %77߁w pKٱCMw pRv,nFMK:n);7(}-7730g`LSv,nw Ro-ngcq3+f[ʎ-.r.۷^0ٕ[z,?n-eyrL[<ˏgqKٱyY~<ˏ[ʎ%77Y~Rv,ny]yb77Y~zKٱy69/n-eьo+Oq>-eқ)n֧<4b]G5>BwD?zco2e8qvjnE[ʎM>+ɅɅX䳒z\\[ʎM>+ɅɅXܬKn-n֖Y[▲cq>,Y[fm[ʎfm%n);7Òze7kKRv,nև%77kKz-evKM7kKRv,nw Ro-n֖Y[▲cq{XM;n);Wz {ZWxk߼Ǣ?w7Mn-n!{b,CpKY~,ys3(f[ʎMyK779I-eqq[oNMMM-e&[,,Rv,nNMMM-e779 ?XRo-nrnrX䝒z[ʎM)YYX2-9F-eq8~ⶸܬpKٱY+zSoq[s nYX77{oqKY~k1oXrSoq爛=GRv,n Kn-nq[ʎ;aMm{fs-evlMi츥Xܞ\rޫt~pR72ķ枻h=o07cy6޷^lg<m(f^<18M=Q϶ʗpߨ<1HDcq{BM] n;nGFyNpKYB[זzgYRo-{;&9zSo{#|s _{HM7psO QX .m/߉{AQX~<]z}㖲cqR~gE_FYџNٱh1Uoqq;P ϋ$7/y8䈘.!<}aW瞫{Qw.˃} H7m}q cv:}]џ]e\̢!0Al1o/CP?CL)og^C\F6h,4^{,ʔ{Qilz7ǃ='rۣ=_yG)AE٣z_4F11wslpSoqE[~2ޮ+{<3{T3{lt=g=VM=}|^[p;<ʔ^i+tܴ7;n?qvLn/RM7mʊzu;nڎ7:n_i;&ߩ= -?}`T13*$=7m`]F}r;4mh{o[=1:q|uÚ#V2(-QrSoq{Ug;nڎ!V!ue`ooo{2e}JFvS?' dO=q>΍Xo딾gA)ʔgq0q?{T15eʎi_q<ǻ c<f=j,\y2>OM=nf|'tܴ7v^qvLngT[~[7moio-nqXM1pM_;nwvܴs+n-noZӇEɏrL[ܞqcr{mMg:ni;&_cr?Yzg:n7tܴ*n-nwErgcrDM7mrL[.=n7mv׍Mvܴ퓃7g??R9oGiήl o#mzBOĵ7m1gÊ>_l/WﯢLY2sL z۷;nMٱ視qxDvb)3HΪq+}6_99~^i7˿CNvS\7z;b;n3?GǑ®gx~(Svc{`,{|Lc~aqmǴdz?7gvvuܴ'eO-_{|CQyc^GnvSp>q?燢Lyc96]qSoq{ڎv|ҢQ8עd N[\5nۂnƁ=v0CC>ds~{w!ʔ=|77ϼy'+Z{T3{<7ϋ=j;{qঞm7 ye;nڎ_rSoqi;&U[鎛vbgwoz 9nwWpSoqj]Icn>g1o͋1E)h;{1_rS϶&퍛M1,~K2n~K7mVv-n߮okqvLn~S֘PV(nڎ+[6#n~7mzo<7W5pki;n'g,p}R93w=ؼ:>\h+q4*FmhgnqfGd;ݫ;QgN|E?ߩ_C'Lk9x{ű{엋6g}ÇBOX%g@<68Į֝2cXq7>^JC>2qxbQ5=7d3k]*/weϦ9og7B{p&gs>ε|G" }1-[ݗknw{"Z-ŤG,ڶxf[rį//5ދ]__|ęox&K|xh'>mP8]p>wqAtL]{ћv&}61{oJ%Q/%7mi%\絁=GueE8<8$g)W덡s|؃}wo/{ޫ,eڶ-FL؏6|.ʒgٷCGvm)gk7.'Gpc&gN1yi'M7h/?#ǧgEtǢm| [N>>$?vnptcPgq|gcchD<|ѷwytt<)5N8J BSƉ瘩?3ce13VE`3}i v'~5.ɸhuk^TvDž"{Tȴ,.'/vaC}v%[(XopxCb̑?|בG~Z||sonq֨YaW+xNjGķӻ:&3ދ7GQ֍Ƽ/ް`9 5Ģݫ#rh#ECVhW >۰pm⺧F۰E1X![َE4Q{Ǧvۢ-.ٵbv|qI|&$S&EVd|3͇]76^?b?e'wruWGN br.pm{.LsUgyoTxuh\k۵R}h"=k>zU=a<-~k۵zW#./]Px|O8W9ũ_:qj-85dހWTT{@ng/jq#qyg˼\k?w-cծWwݬe\["=C?꫍k+q/qل>z7 7kV~v{zmtjs経?+UxPJjUa8.e>M\/!l#q0{mu=c@,?N!6X{\$wN,OE隹ΝvWo󁁿XQ( Db^Dk`QB7d&;IY')g+ݿ3Rm)k6o5q|Q[Y,3 /j-n =x?O4/g#]wpS!ݭ ߎXFGğc9ROI]#U {.],,35 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 180 180 179 178 180 178 180 182 176 1 180 179 177 179 183 179 180 182 177 2 178 179 179 180 181 178 179 181 180 3 177 179 177 176 179 181 178 179 181 4 175 178 176 177 178 178 179 179 183 5 172 180 179 187 187 187 181 177 183 6 167 188 186 183 185 183 190 189 189 7 163 183 190 186 187 187 191 190 189 8 163 189 205 206 206 194 194 208 206 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 180 180 179 178 180 178 180 182 176 176 176 176 176 176 176 176 1 180 179 177 179 183 179 180 182 177 177 177 177 177 177 177 177 2 178 179 179 180 181 178 179 181 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 3 177 179 177 176 179 181 178 179 181 181 181 181 181 181 181 181 4 175 178 176 177 178 178 179 179 183 183 183 183 183 183 183 183 5 172 180 179 187 187 187 181 177 183 183 183 183 183 183 183 183 6 167 188 186 183 185 183 190 189 189 189 189 189 189 189 189 189 7 163 183 190 186 187 187 191 190 189 189 189 189 189 189 189 189 8 163 189 205 206 206 194 194 208 206 206 206 206 206 206 206 206 9 163 189 205 206 206 194 194 208 206 206 206 206 206 206 206 206 10 163 189 205 206 206 194 194 208 206 206 206 206 206 206 206 206 11 163 189 205 206 206 194 194 208 206 206 206 206 206 206 206 206 12 163 189 205 206 206 194 194 208 206 206 206 206 206 206 206 206 13 163 189 205 206 206 194 194 208 206 206 206 206 206 206 206 206 14 163 189 205 206 206 194 194 208 206 206 206 206 206 206 206 206 15 163 189 205 206 206 194 194 208 206 206 206 206 206 206 206 206 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 181 183 -4 0 0 0 0 0 1 -1 3 -2 0 0 0 0 1 196 206 -10 0 -8 0 0 0 -2 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 2 -4 -7 3 0 -30 -1 0 0 -6 -5 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 -30 -1 0 0 -20 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 2 -4 -4 1 -2 0 0 -26 -1 12 -14 0 0 0 0 5 -3 -7 -6 -6 7 8 0 0 -26 -1 12 -14 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -26 -1 12 -14 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -26 -1 12 -14 0 0 0 0 8 1 0 -2 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 3 -2 0 0 0 0 0 9 1 4 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 -2 5 -1 0 0 0 0 10 1 -6 -9 0 0 0 0 0 5 7 0 -4 0 0 0 0 11 5 -4 -3 -1 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 2 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Đčń. 2. Âîëíîâîĺ ďđĺîáđŕçîâŕíčĺ ó÷ŕńňęŕ čçîáđŕćĺíč˙ 8ő8 äîďîëíĺííîăî äî đŕçěĺđîâ 16ő16 Ðèñ. 2. Âîëíîâîå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå ó÷àñòêà èçîáðàæåíèÿ 9õ9, äîïîëíåííîå äî ðàçìåðîâ 16õ16 Ìàêñèìàëüíîå çíà÷åíèå, íà êîòîðîå ìîæåò óâåëè÷èòüñÿ îáú¸ì ñæàòûõ âèäåî- äàííûõ, ñîñòàâèò бит , R 2 2 n m 2 V 0 i 2 i k ' ' 1 k i i max R                        , ãäå k – ÷èñëî ïîâòîðîâ âîëíîâîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ; m ’ – ÷èñëî ñòîëáöîâ â ìàòðèöå öèôðîâîãî ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ èçîáðàæåíèÿ ïîñëå äîïîëíåíèÿ; n ’ – ÷èñëî ñòðîê â MxZ]hU>1?Oј&4%mb6vIAH}bE>_DJERDJE Z$RKft9ݻ34l]8I!rF)=aL o m68=O_h^EC ps 1*PzIx]qR6`V6 }66^ϕju@h68'2I^\KqM=;k1,zSTq*=O֩(ocp!VZS'ہf?f~?҄1w8ab>cH5~ XDC0z Cσ18~ᘯcb\t ÜY\qUgNy\0>d.Q|Vր)+v1I0z][[˿$ n/̼i _5t :iAuW l!:&wt7Ksnbt~5nm/PG:9G7a7nVnk@y#-1x9:Cpkiiy?/,LtBqkk=]r㭕SK;^M8_mn5ZnR4|D)_QKmi䱒0' J-^/WH/ܪKy2gQ|`Hlq:W10ϕ`+_>$.3Fin泲R;OTqIuj1J'?q'o G}}ٓ~c ?4|n%m{Ikt V<>-}@ǙDHa[,7Bԟ }>t 8|Cj+HĐuC֎ʻZJ-6A]4tww'A{Sa'a8|Iڇ|uҷх)Σv}G{ws{;%Zz=T [ZֻZnִ.h]TL!R|M h'JӁvo4|?ƿ瀸a\T=J#C|9˄%Hg2a}so1 5I#(}\[ͥ6zMc.a2 /$N_x}ʹ_y^bu w#.79Q[s3l,|VY/Ru4z55"6nXg]5G1_?ˀe2` X,@ ,6^2` X,+pMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:37     p  (16( 2$) / 1K" Pu {x UKnw,bx;d,MXG !A!`$dq!& AAPAE"°3 HH @ {sr|9}{sνˢ(+\Y*:!EWՊQr'FQŬ(yQQT} >*B۪q~kʣ=/E33Ѭ(/KC7;b+I[Kö1&}l啶tq]DD }\~Е>Dy<5el*{(+ #"tXQ]!B1i*<*'WYݏƛۥt\U}4e;(=׈W6~4;-ykͪʓhέgFMKiL-ݕ>tǺi8O?\*W7˒G#1jT:Ge?WFcݶvy]4 >Ӣ4s qItqR+.)&j&)$&BlvR~Z>~[ݲ$(CI}=ݴo'X"6IiWotS:`R~*?c de:Pv^2KeEKhh[-Gu&ZFoDIibrXH+ggQDbuG%7S?S~b"&>XKOPB_e_D{?G_RznUOg|>zS~5Z&ew:-Kш]ƦeR }C>􍱃]I&qT$^Q !ce0z].ˣw+LU`^Z2ݭP=ʖ("G#Ax GWvt2%:.66tQبU|;"J|R<^}BnY^4*r1?zyܔã؃$֊ɮlQnv{fv~^^[)%$6lbk8NZW~G2Z?uOP?*"oa;|ӘeB.8:+DbTQɲh}axU8"<"Tmu D_l ہԶH溴CW۶Cs';b%le' ;sT cMlZ?ޑX5Y=UEQؽE 9-)Sn>oчXG }6;}mv SC;o lVluF ұ ' :vy[!]yqgrq<2RbSRH:qjahnYsbʈ/ VA5`!k 2X>1؏s|JV0/.KVb㒌͉˵ɋ`_})֣5p^GF>}h;[NeA}}õ'b@岔](He*[&M_-%oK6bۻEnE_qC}L]PDwuÝ(?q }\b`"#~cȏ. Pw,+KK't w':D#b%{!qhF漈u+<'.rSxR/^G~AEyv`rfXX]o YBB<71kqGE` ˸)xΚWsTNh\"€dII^ 2aZGƳbι  Vti }户esxbϚX")<9耖%Wc })"!eɣwqJ]rHsU-*Y kEAgdA.t&EVdC2rznc>j]yH&h3#vDħ;$2'WV?GȊ u@]. o?NuIAWns/d%Y.1) ȯ5Z)w"kҼ5IiٿCC!EPGBhC]sO}s]sCS ;&^Gs=J;?abKҜkz2`ϰF'%C/ _Պ'ۗ"vҮ7RF7]o]3?wXKw'W|HQgb9*{L@ yHvN<C\b\Z6sCuu:^3Zwp%Ibǥ dZxf g~'*#JK*Fk+E):,-eE,偵uΒSĮ3/ޓqo9u,ߌ+m,=hOļ#D'dX)v*I΍xgrr0297x!lP::5nПF]c_X'Ro)W,Uڑs< 'oRyj]􈬱Hir<(r-F|x.'v-ùC};/>a?܃"`ţ_s%쑸qW$7Ugij gix[yEBJ< |O޶hU\`Y΋TFE>ߧu`.pt7E1˫;"PCbyS7$ڠkȣ~ȗI?O3OL:da ؎7aA"0`bLsRݶC,y.W'JacMOnX9AFBޗ`'X_Nt})}_QBÏYWYs==vl䳬,ȳr<6yv>( :`+lvR V7L,[]k8'I߈PdF}yv^|S%`g#vO3e*_(^=YA-P/(cuaێ|ge5Ǐ)aCh[klijω+d!jG1ĴR_[v0׽O^urL7F5y`[2ЍٺRn^X/qnǽCb'6 ,|}Ge߰ҳݸ%M>?g!ڮj3*">_ec[ߓug;;*k]1V+eb޲Ѩ6$sY64yqûŇ'H(?$\VDNˍ"Yǹo(;Oet=c^ǯS> m%mʐ1ړ>a:;X,o"'261{n/>C rp2WCNp2rNT=MݵF;nDuq; L< /V۟H(ooRzD_7']/v+Bv4z'EOQ{wG8A{2m<?b3lUF}y= <{LʽIXol?ǸۓrOTدm+]Z\Vω|jV@OQZ.%9w^.{(_ uϚ|7K#[_l')w -+=1򼈶Hm?c Alh~^ Vf^VW)^&,y߾qH c=_b,}MȿmZ~SP~rc"ʰ1_1(댍X&`0vww¸`9eўdì6fJ3%qψg*9C+?=#k \Ag"Fdf%9"pf Ҏ{pol§/ZwY^/+"\/iw~68W\ϐ-&ſK25˟P{TqżCO'e.b(yn=v&=2o7oQκ= O}p+KtK3Jnx&Qx7wZ&ǿ2&Z_^e00|S3)= 2Z7l~yD>v P7q(3<$nNلMMə2tnVʖg̜.OJ8y%nU; v`;䆬x~'ߩ=]>{/4B`; Fn֊+Q”({F1ؠ>$ %2)f[_:c3}I̧l3,Р<6A) >o~Q]'?#)pz;QHLXV7FdjWꢫ.ykߚo9Yp/kY>Z\=uѝ`؞^@akqf>ڣa=Zqv}m=%?eʙgLq5y%7G}YauQ#$2GQ"x[f˼nyMeƾ^Z?@]߻jzll䘔NMÏU))^󨠫1oN[wHI}K2|z 3Sdܿ>#meSjkK!x>g>?O;h|!~y-S6^ÐCk5k(ò r%kMz Z\wYc8ǀ:Gg.^2a;Iȱ*.TDg?@-\[vz~^Ƕ5|ßpv럮ZZr,9BM|+|W/nPo̝rG ̍1|{볹g//l}xȦQ(+bi)\Ve3ZNC؛g&`?|/{Bc;AtsQŲl8߽67U7<7)rt>_uY4[Ԫk^ĿEw/U^~TϩhѸW?]RdtMzAtk/;%UM=GFt*@ft {?ͼmŽ|\0G^汪wRKP~\_=SuvQu9yڜ(bo{*3j7h8\ʽ7+$s Yjo@Zj#ݤEzn:kA e+lMg&Q~bCE;UR1VABu[X qkϭV@*EמëxgGxgnr|̗!kd\]5Џ!߻gTNn5OQ[E.%bckoMԚ8B+S6|RioV4UZ3wwջVV=b:.etg֖'g41Z#~/^ vǫ]W0M6iKmC$ JCLd&OUYOX0{nOw>˃z'L mAvG_=A%}d[ُ*e}xE |Ʈv^gYcOz %0Q-0TIl ^<[_RxdNNnM;/3bR)_z?ƺi 5UH"k]򞹫+\X2TyqK R. >"7KYg99]aL 壟1g";[B;>/̱h}W)ekf\xZvw^<,*o};~)ڜ2Hf(ftlߩT-nF\?(>Tc~[Y&ƮM^w!cki W}I\}_&ͬo*e+_\fi_ɢIBjhpՁSqᘛ46Uʺ܁%!FN}ķW~[m]UX㥆U9ޣ Q&J-GO:WwR1#+UJg{_[?\˲'c_\_C4;!/`Kȋdh3tu}Jύ{:;\ծF/5><7.8 %(ss'knLT y=q*rL,=$Oyji]?bdaN-RӲu#`}>Dux6sLy|ܣNNW)J6¯L]5c;c)]j{ڤz*nMu~^z^?\e|zc+z[J/FRkԋ/deS6TԑSާ=`> NV{rK?UsR>?~} $yJ}_avRvZmG`uѯ%bnթW!>fcΌiJmkYeU]_Tzgʏnѳqz:Q9@g[jRkdOv3ig@%x ڞbF+O ܇}BLҗS>q;gͭq*ˋ,/X+3dȀ,Jv">xGZG)Jܮ@ʮ]>{i1Qc2gl/wnױO}ޜk.cWJ.|œE.lZ.O+>A-pfddX+6k`sSf+~p~jn*˭M*sZa>}m~g>J ̷ c_+yFosf4&c=M2v^u;m9VgCu_mW!ukڜ},z_4>uW֌l{^-EFe#&zW_黵f1og^<9 S:|F!^ɢoP,S5|ߪOq`pO *>QqYn~rost~(U'r3O^0?tD7{/^vsuJ㏕&:>cI ٚ: Jj7m53Oʧ|/gkX9 ROUv91cy>."zX鱿[XWclk|{( U_(ƇQ!Vz'V}/gku}r{-wstS\):=O9&Gwq#5q[`ϊ=hM1[ejYV5|Ll˱(f*bગ}WPWS+f?r>l-\q֊}(M5s:20і'kb^]sVߟ=!cVcƱO軴bی}dK+^-gKlW^|}KiLIiz߬V>`iBM5Z#ژ70͸kj^f/.bm96k z3v]n6΃'6u(Gc1y R9't{Ei? ]ֹmTgk[|`\7욤e:X?#5?|f{*]n"At5EyG 6%q|P x}_nSו㻏,Fv8>U^F{c~xxW/~R33q{Wo*3]bGxΫ#j in;<_U﹫Pp\{FDYB5|?$Ѻ2Z?+x.]4vxN3=K.o.G0ṓ3xpQ+/~+x(*Sm\o5 xgx>C]ZiW|'v_Qms\Yo~_jޥo{w]u?7C|w; NbD7y7^&Now߁Ǥo]]3QJ}{#רO}{Վo( yFIm3sT|gԕߩ){15fx>5_Tp8~^iWq׶q澢+W^iņ|jqCgZPz.Ť~`R5~T}I+/)~g=0e<1?nvM$ឤ1Ь1]|Rϩ]WwR|Cέ{>77{[ Z4߰Z;s(/,E/RIGU8b 5}]Ѩ}tsp~WQE|hhNP<1ohYAƟ CiN!2SƉ*Kq7D' Ǧ)<1O+y/>ͯbD]PLWEkkFO'\>gI<0+EeIY'w:/q;u=ⴓ .0 ~0q"/=8ͿݯuPC? T[X+{ b0WAbhQz6 ()Fv/ݾ*xk۩8y?AEȭi k)u8ޥA*;c̲/.j{x>'4F?9}O)e^^(+ecws5j=/NfNүמXEW"d KSelp z[c=B~Dy-Do~=Q-c>_M:O?#KqqY7;WUMs|{5bյ{0wZ*8dc?9-sQRAOAg-8F-y`ub] J釫_F!u?s~Q?]MP:Ge?W^fQ>VmkEc 2L3-zT?__Js;Y~0?1zMecbS4 ]!KXb̄([";pW#srW(1e~em4ӆ{򀨹21)PvxȚeY*o. e^уXk):Q$ց|f/ʶO܇8vaY,,36 óêàçàííîé ìàòðèöå; R 0 – ÷èñëî ðàçðÿäîâ, íåîáõîäèìûõ äëÿ ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ çíà÷å- íèÿ, ðàâíîãî íóëþ. Ïðè âîññòàíîâëåíèè ñæàòîãî èçîáðà- æåíèÿ äîïîëíèòåëüíî âíåñ¸ííûå ñòðîêè è ñòîëáöû îïóñêàþòñÿ. Íåäîñòàòêîì äàííîãî ñïîñîáà ÿâëÿåòñÿ íåñêîëüêî áîëüøèé îáú¸ì äîïîëíèòåëü- íûõ âèäåîäàííûõ. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, èñïîëüçîâàíèå ïðåä- ëàãàåìûõ ñïîñîáîâ äîïîëíåíèÿ ðàçðÿäíîñòè èñõîäíîãî èçîáðàæåíèÿ ïîçâîëÿåò ïîäâåðãàòü ñæàòèþ ìå- òîäàìè, îñíîâàííûìè íà äèñêðåòíîì öåëî÷èñëåííîì âîë- íîâîì ïðåîáðàçîâàíèè èçîáðà- æåíèÿ ïðîèçâîëüíîé ðàçìåðíî- ñòè.  êà÷åñòâå “ ïëàòû ” çà óíè- âåðñàëüíîñòü âûñòóïàåò íåçíà- ÷èòåëüíîå óâåëè÷åíèå îáú¸ìà ñæàòîãî ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ èçîáðà- æåíèÿ, îöåíèâàåìîå âåëè÷èíîé V R . Ñïèñîê ëèòåðàòóðû : 1. Öèôðîâàÿ îáðàáîòêà òåëåâèçèîííûõ è êîì- ïüþòåðíûõ èçîáðàæåíèé / Ïîä ðåä. Þ.Á. Çóáàðåâà è Â.Ï. Äâîðêîâè÷à. Ì.:ÌÖÍÒÈ, 1997. 212 ñ. 2. Ïðýòò Ó. Öèôðîâàÿ îáðàáîòêà èçîáðàæå- íèé. Ì.:Ìèð, 1982. 736 ñ. 3. Êîðîë¸- âà Í.À., Ñòðþê À.Þ. Ñïîñîá ñæà- òèÿ âèäåîäàííûõ, îñíîâàííûé íà äèñêðåòíîì âîëíîâîì ïðåîáðàçîâàíèè // ²íôîðìàö³éíî – êåðóþ÷³ ñèñòåìè íà çàë³ç- íè÷íîìó òðàíñïîðò³, 2000. ¹6. C. 67-75. 4. Ñòðþê Àë-ð Þ., Ñòðþê Àë. Þ. Îöåíêà ñòåïåíè ñæàòèÿ âèäåîäàííûõ, ïîäâåðãíó- òûõ äèñêðåòíîìó âîëíîâîìó ïðåîáðàçîâà- íèþ // Ñèñòåìû îáðàáîòêè èíôîðìàöèè. Õàðê³â: ÍÀÍÓ, ÏÀÍÌ, ÕÂÓ, 2001. Âèï. 1(11). C. 60-63. 5. Âàòîëèí Ä.Ñ. Àëãîðèòìû ñæàòèÿ èçîáðàæåíèé. Ì.: Èçäàòåëüñêèé îò- äåë ôàêóëüòåòà âû÷èñëèòåëüíîé ìàòåìà- òèêè è êèáåðíåòèêè ÌÃÓ èì. Ëîìîíîñîâà, 1999. 76 ñ. 6. Vetterli M., Kovacevic Jel. Wavelets and subband coding. New Jersey: Prentice Hall PTR, 1995. 437 p. Ïîñòóïèëà â ðåäêîëëåãèþ 12.10.2001 Êîðîë¸â Àíàòîëèé Âèêòîðîâè÷, êàíä. òåõí. íàóê, ïðîôåññîð ÕÂÓ. Íàó÷íûå èíòåðåñû: òåîðåòè÷åñ- êèå îñíîâû ïîñòðîåíèÿ ÀÑÓ, ñè- ñòåìû îòîáðàæåíèÿ èíôîðìàöèè, èíæåíåðíàÿ ïñèõîëîãèÿ. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, 61000, Õàðüêîâ, Ñàëòîâñêîå øîññå, 242à, êâ. 85. Ñòðþê Àëåêñåé Þðüåâè÷ , àäúþíêò ÕÂÓ. Íàó÷íûå èíòåðåñû: ñèñòåìû è àëãîðèò- ìû ñæàòèÿ âèäåîäàííûõ. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, 61000, Õàðüêîâ, Òàíêîïèÿ, 24, êâ 47. VS:=V SS:=S PR:=0 (trunc((VS+1)/2) mod 2)=0 НАЧАЛО (trunc(VS+1) mod 2)=0 PR  0 V:=V+1 PR:=1 j:=0 to SH (trunc((VS+1)/2) mod 2)=0 (trunc((VS+1)/2) mod 2)=0 V:=V-1 i:=(VS+1) to V MR[i, j]:=MR[VS, j] MG[i, j]:=MG[VS, j] MB[i, j]:=MB[VS, j] да Нет Нет Нет Нет Нет да да да да Ввод изображения МR, MG, MB 1 Ðèñ. 3. Ñõåìà àëãîðèòìà äîïîëíåíèÿ ðàçìåðîâ èçîáðàæåíèÿ 7!xLUǟs1D GDnk$,k$ GSAcLBirh S ̲ӄ&K@i./ӑ}>Y{ys+""yL%R Ĉ,G'SڥsQBE} H/OFi'~.V ژ-Im;3X%*8*Ja-Uw#/S<+wlMfρ٠Q.K􉼄n~Vb-ivPCFЕ4H'hO)U|--ڇ}ֳ`HtKI 8ɓݣ!ЪP%v:hRǮ,jY\mك-@nvl9h ~ɒ/x\%$:T}F}`57gsɕiEr"+uop.^kaۙ^&6]C9M&oѹ eL((uFʗr q8JSՇПF8Jj\G?W/[T$^Ο!]i:lwwk6N[nG ao`@Ek]fѣRxHTNDTZJ:grt7П&py~ Ug ,8C.,2Fq/#n;8 f}[~=֏~ֵ#s#*l0GJ~ȡy'"쑰~֓eN|3C,F5bouɭsF|4" 9 o{AW8C9撡 6$xX''x(G7g$IQ%ꠋ4pw&- CEuwz<~*YMfh-,o 7騅zCU7wߗOY8r!hl/V3@)0, / ^п{A9KgË}1<RsCƿ\d>px10G) c,!p$Pj{v cX GXixe?v*4)"[<\{|d9G3yx26a4Y#^x~^ypA0\޽7-u hiIlyg~Xe?9.U_Xr^Y޲\Xe#$8% яuج8mF18zB?C$|I@88MHYh y}_a.=>/IϥkpZB~Q[إ;uڏa\=FD3&^ V؋8ꐞc/ڢ1^ oaMX-/[aRXv+3a][Д Qι+luWJoqn SU1{/ei g0~(C12LGhq .y2?9/q~sb:!yqGػMu<.otxpE_ӟ)oGܛFSZl ۮ %z/)V= |1& u%ޗrDzn+\ Y']&2 tw٘7衅?yQuB׉8e3"ֺTf whz`dOUq4%8#0i0xtV+zv8P>MTxղEVg ;ƴeyXwe M`!ᛟ#׺u}㶘~䙧(8eKWm_Wd$3ˮ~<#N8˔=3S6j1N[{ɌD呝+@I ,Rq[-B`rփ%Y?~!}&M=g^ma ߩ ]xtf?F8/y-:W QdyDޥQߢ]Lg/7dFRr!S]ݢ iI@el\g<{|?x {R/Etĝ6_=N06غeQNp3D[uoY;-\X%ٻaߒv>C_ؐX]0Жg^+)1Ȭ"#^sв&my! d /2j>Л_̇8e<&.~a2'o| Mp'/<}oBUnɂY8Xy57#:K}Joԗ{޴>Eg]LO\^AO{cA+jUʻZ5ɼOꙐ$vbߋ<St,+xݟ߯Xecz[\_~m]&J_GKHV?YӁ,9cz{R4x=oվF!rXp!p|G'΃o@H9Pִ'hZ.}=/@}3F5ݫ(f[OWTgsQV R ;*YYQ{[S%m\G8r7-28#noQ}r냴2U͘WǨ]Lz8ͽ8&;F\Ak{Wfiژ[fE%ki,v拉?lg:l}^ ^YYĭc:<7_xw>bZiבrt\& \ݢ\8HEUʋA}{S&>G͛ǟgՇЩ| X+ŹKs8Y+z\T/P}G:ɼL{"ud8&447=Em)l,ژ&̮%0aatRtʵ:RE:XZ!ku#emWaͣ^ѱCtMsh7}uHqp^CxbEM]3W59"2K%Hy5-{4>6L_'O޾L|iP[ srŮ io.Q9;j\]rWxr' 3Gy$r?樭Z_~1^;NG;v$u~Qs ꈱnΔn`KnNdF?X_ӕn)LY_747uWhp~wWQwk>Zͱ))&hȺn|1vӝ팽MJLz.PFaBԓI֘e a?i%Vz,W]<7;.tN5o>-h?\PPyv$G{ hήF^%ǟ&3m$yH6r^G*\UX<_K=[E=!ףږYyoWCzLo3+d0MmĎ{đ/4 %<y_ʑZ w/hЕ~8?Va1#ND1_Z@#AK2}G>~H>]L~{,y{O~BBc,W繒SŮbSmw Ǯ:n;ݥN,'a`UֆcTg%{ &eat~DE 0YϧV<ܦ仐nJo:Lɞ 5O}Ԕ$>5S^؎;lKo{s D||A>W)|CuVkVd]E\}u@c3kphܢ>ݖXD,}ӧ3uLN%o|{6?mnO ~Й:D1]]?ToDb)MI_ߟ; Q/:M{Png_t_}6 4Z W*㫟άi9¾/g %H|ɅvtuT(8Iwvߴh|Ր̓^Kx>T<hj<^st7FtWGX~R_@嵎{MPOd=lo@k]"zo;i͂l}|xTAkhpw|ξ7^LO5xZYW1[ sr&op Uw:3`~ˌ+' R^Ip ZWxF / k '㙷gf菤}ya w:Ֆa[I ֶi*wb6wg} ?0 lD"}' 3}f ?c{a;Otw{eN,y3Խ'WJkJ{|h_2X2n`$tsYtjkyNv`l 'F>g ,#.~><}`3|L\0K>4AϰUy S,bzfA 0`v#0iM>8=5먊O~ݐ qw0U4-;_޳۲y "aRsķ'v= u}:utBt| WTw{~#?ז/zg5Mcެ·~zb[h {1nη?!oYP^誺y.o>2+obp|Qo۩_%_ٷgsL>F (B?|KbW~ou4C|oIAEkÄCIu?0&U𜲟|¹#j}^y^\ǥ~Ni~Z>] |+3П)g Ygo`ism{E<;7^{|#/nJ[,3c};??L<š?gMُ ;J6>& ɷ<ș6W-I +3nԝy_:dZ53 z:5zST{;Kv`OSJ-ks?,m_D7v6a6v~}s'IVa)y?^=;I"Y=X+;z~m;E_۝nF[3i`:hf\LA䃳lI2?ʻo5).Q$GJvح ɇn>L/@J\R=|}u} ECsuwn`ttВ eڿt`l/lGؖ| l;<#iîӯZehثe{v)4vw}d;࡫cPN'2jǀxE,I.cU'fn'ynW%%'h$=E=yWߞAȼz:t]FA>oUdpEL7/[u]:bt3i{ ~{yX_htVI_/)l7龈t UOշ߼&븟$o{{?gz?#՟ItM'!}go:\]?u5]U7VEv,՛׮R7*zWr$>toG7Ort7F]|D"yw5OD_i?V4O'bqWO~>nR߮Bx~7O?/Tաn/}߳yEw}wOO ۧr$5O'O}^{=uZ>{q:5 Y#FkdߝQ߷G+^~7Jo~wdBy Je0!kZS'ukmoͳys?Ii:H٥3wHږBڗ$'quEpkd⾵}z[5xs>&`vu sY{N[Gvwi 뮿lK4}~B=+9Nk~%9wHZZG,%8NuV[C̿;F}9\sblo1W<ϜIH?s8ζQyA}{'Ć`H;[rH7![mwnHKFv$9z3u5LzS)>-FOqCXn.gR6} 鋺{V:]rRYo[;Mi&$},Ϗ;Ֆ`<=nkcmyEq}{:vC֑wlאָ·Hg_Bcyftտ~Ԕ~ov$ 6:v ;~:<㜡qhė}#86|Eb|{wtۄݔw~-ԜO/oZ8!`ێ]W|)<_b^m?6Z򤀵jX̓*Tߐg5W$ vɤ/oAGԍߋu9GϺ ySH|ٽ:8=>8|U8KM G-A[C>*Bޱ]ig), қ ۀAL>H>j>bux`km-y3կZe !K~S2\'W3>b_ö߅# ~shZ:}_OP.~R0FMzX7Liz߉!?/ *~~vɧ0`Kh Ovf ԥ}o'no7LMo/k֗瑃x7^؎{z7N~{y<U0Ky DGTJP5|vI"+MNQ⓰w6jdG\!#*9>~Ǿ Rs~~|k n+y|UD{ 'hx43$x*7Z]y0whlF_rD۔/.U0b{7fE[+_~rFDd2@.s!JݴW7+Wւg4' Oy'`? *W?Y7fl+颳&jr.:{!k7XIWS1>kپ:?":xߓEt0k":ƹ}Q컵wPQ<_"hi'ܛyr$;ϙ^WbX^yO s9 c׃Gu2k:I#;]U-@tRyx#{{5-S¾ٸ ٺa>Nyq񚣋Qn:㿟~_Ka_oǗN#w+MWnt'V߽۲浼?Ÿbqz}M=:|zu8x`]6#uD }tnx}ְq/_EݔiZypzn&|X[yMƚ p:֧^o-sƒ8x頣OcM#Yߪ*c] YQ+/fkV~Smp{4qeZ8m$d21C LmFEmf<ԋC]U׾S@ )C}&`\#ȟǯ[_j<~}ݎc̕ Wy',i$<ş$< ޷oUks2^؎ӵ>mlvm?yAv[Om!v/6ۺ6q&oxVCYN˙~UM8gͳ9w֫/gz+4Y$S*Y^o7Y8q ݆':6Ow:^zu)K`ɘ'!|(C>kz9} xB|̗8tp7thuHOI~S!gnPIzh>`ޣGY7n.cpMs=e{{fSu:a{ ayN. +ve,LZԹ9H|WH"}Z*Ѻ}Ep`$ #N(!X6 _S7g-# c#op WO/a[̂_P *ͳo<`=7IKi6<}Jrx:ݒ8h#v3|l83Y]޴(`60_.}I0/A_./ĩa#@<#u闼whޕNn2%_ʿ5|?$.+5(qUdBC>mv{M:P|xp1-żzЙI޸,Aw}씼S>~! uMNIk  T'lozu/)Y^|6&k $O%ITz[(=UjN 1byEx.~h9RQ!4~~>@>.OH̃z:Qp]<߫KLk Tye-%U;^g |C8WqI=Y5-%SUU{c<&A5Zv_q'Mgp:?7?Fphg<2 ?s9w޹DDdȥLKd6y>BQIǡEڒs Hţ~eLA9fu{ bՃOƵrV.Dn#N@"n*)ǟ;-gN)"}i]~eZ=B3nN;KZ%K>G?ɓR$MļS dt cWJ3=ϕ@sP7_)ʖca07~fso_z3o7/oH~vL,#qO1_V쵳{|BoבE|BDk²]JuXwg?ޒWW͒UPV^H=q=;{vKyA-(DeD&F]/}@E`Qٜ+.~{|i79}H՗3^vSZDb8y*|evٵQf86#N{,A2b[e7#7rd zmȜ:#NOWO2jbĶqY+N!%v)6.t_NOx#'J ~dM5'‰ Z~n . ^íG {]cIѾXN_VsCPͺp+xBvIVC*V4r&χus9sB2!YɲTHŰ$q1s ܵLqv iԧ&YA9e ZP_k9:9<g[è?:' ɠ ~{_ SZ\F!&?hܟiӭ'v5_ͼ3ړeLM;>ӭU߽;:o3aN23@s33rQwؼ<)tȗޏ2mz_2u\ӕ{ټS^doejgvc;9o?y5Ǚ򿹿u9Sww;sZR|{91Z{ޏW^ x*UYt x*UW[? Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:37  ` .v  "0P X (16d 2 /wf 1޷ ( {x ]E}W"T +v'0h`-[0#p}4R%[kk+jֶ@b} BBx)sߵogʞ:Y;gs̙535315!Iʝ>!I?)ISD7$$isI2! ɯvMOl}ד$] r~k/%Y'ygr^rAҐ;+9_͔,zl=T{4a^ MO>]aʣg6z?7]!7y^r7w(RD}f 5k,܄-zL.xhLi>3u%^w8MS߅r]rS?;J++zJ:n[?%9Y?ddzdFnpzEqh#xOxJSf襧)4I{w=zi45 h+E|mrh:V/RXW,?ԃtn#uiW&t{ʔcɻ 5?֚SZyqc|`۱ L86~#cdcEcOw9#fMtlʯ:6WM|&~llU86GO>#g~q56Ic͟*5I#Mdc&Od(y\1%PLpt!7Mߔ<*.Y+{{(_q+x ֥O'I孓PYCir6P>1<;]nw9x nOh% ӡth8ʢ ӡ0.,+E~e `\q~ǻH Kz^`dN9rIIq>pX\bo8yNtd%BbH06x|TzD96&S 8` oaůN6QmHG3ߤ{5p2[rG{,,VW5aF3~j36Όk.;|80n)v:0 `&1'!s"??CX׼~ϔ:0 s7cv$tߞy}ڄ)W`:㻜p^k9W7>yeE%h.^( _zAǿTā Ji_~'譑ƭM5D7D6MP})i=oJit gux6{6yy#MCc҃~ާColt'$ IGq/{Q3,/!#?[e,1e~X^FB݈6V^T`Уgi\L0̛<#X[TpC\27M/-c& }t$76K$AzJRZ7In^'P߾-[/^rdyO  =<3%yKf>dbJr -岲$7n/͞M^nKoWLQ[%X,"xh#䟤CsMU쑜99m-y} \%\|92~rD)#OMNV(y4ً8Vo 7i@ 7} ~_knxk[EUϵջ&BSk44.֘zFUߵ}>tm_Ѹ,_'4X3M?4ЫM)4rO>[KnStuݤ'_VMF4 ڤa39ѬkEզ/pg~LI&|Gsyה~0av3|t%K־,U[vEyj䛣N1wW .\5y⑿uH 9pp8Vfw0ڃ.V_lGy4d6̀\<~Huթ&P Bf}8E6n?<w}{_ ޭǖHu .VEJPno9O?Rr2h#eQ>E| 3,ΈUQŬM$b A>m/E~"z#r=}+rne#rE\5kJkfMV+7K_IBԍzQg|~`!f>>vw#S~YGm+#_{䓇82^cr=z%e~G4s2*ufCc'~JW^~SFI$#Y&׎_YC-ƕ6`~vY腊.vf'`3BN _"2r=:Sxee6-sQ/\ G#so22b&EGwwuLəU\_t{A[c7_yģ"xEW5}/S.1ycs'x:dr9[d,SQH^c`~ɎyU^?/6?Uу랟l.Ïͅ|rI3?TS:?5)kwJ nc9C|F_]...G;<>w"]Msy-*82>ؘ7gD9_&H-2V=Nx1EY2N>)8w젼- $Z7+ -D)V!1]%. b ;.lf&Vo~ c;2ԴS'Jڬ2˩ y%= su-6k jHpC(;MiE8Zz8m-&U* ^?oƏ8!N8a̔gGaM=f4zD`wM8)2Xr /7uy%y@.Qe_,ݿekf\еo/ڊϺrT[n&w;I]qƣƱu._zj5r}[('Kޓr=) '"<&YyO sĠsƿ ړ2itO rqĜքvؼt,!'9_(#451eQ=)ގV~CUؓB_zLjWΌ/mW}ՄѲm"뱥Ibh\'}o|$Ӣ=_EUϞDzm25%5W=_{\m2.?8}/k;+O_3ȾuC-W\F8e'ܫJPrP4.kR)]b\v-ʻفn'H^hӯ!L}8':N3ypw9aNW$9zJ9`VхC]օH=aBCjKC}RBIή }dBSϟ|;);C/@V|+qLGVLBݼ}44|ք~W;Y e5dj{'߻}*m25l}~_qݕ|I5LQfn3x@*+r2հ]e5Ґ7 (_v<7T)lTVdrrd9 8y Hma>TV9h(d~Ґ 9 >+U_w Q.|yT$*qcnyc+gwC>[vKd\z~cx\0QO/<:Uh{ûP>+ۚODZ_Z _&'-{_M_z+2_-Re{y\"~޲i}׌:- u";cr7U$w?|Mm| _-jң]3ǧlૌM=9kxOܦMps+o OѳU\_eZ%: 4Ep-}!+Cr҃[zev*m2 D8Uņ#_z|h>c3gt{(]mq:irev֌ڝ< a?|l ݁׀;Fۜ|.Wh#]m`G53lǻTv?xg^6 w8_eTM+{%%^w e]d' m:eWM*UUd2nӦ^VD_拽`iFn}uW7y[|.|8tS4.(dS݄4t(QdXED< R쫗/Tٱ.0^κ,6^ġ A(ܲh xn_ϖIb} .\yt nvP1O{SIu:<{oXW}:LyI]R%n{oީpa{nb1{[b.5;uN;ڻgop[֥ yށt̤rp46+A5S|?UVщˬ'P/046 1z*0 ?!M _ մW|ƯJVg3~}?zPn pWN{3cA@3fl=JV'h迊=9A$Njkz|3ub/iQ:;뉤GyVd|5qt놬u~Qc}޿q|GK␁cu]i}| *+Ax{N'ކ_T?#mNݧ˗ʲoe 7|瑱{2F'Z(87^gE< |8OXkfK9~6,08H'txt~ |_ 9)2ce2>c4ʔZ-TM˾!@ vJ3y~lGx˿)vF~')mXj/&m^ߺi|ԗ0g'͸";aB8øSAP.8EnO?ӦH$D_/1nҴ܍[+H[N+/ֿ(_'ԣZ~Z4:Y1_ʾ$|a{Z'3)C|=.c+vM[póa+|β]N8f)|8f3&8= I{,0ꋂ|Aa|rGR$c=fh8w'~gUh+W(Ak8ort#xL?O^7N<;aka_ÅE2K y}\cQ\9PYCZyth8 )u=isR~4,o_1Lҫu!?ƍ=v7DG^S8rº>- 7iW?F[?U=FlU"|a]/1f_bи̾;?۰JZľKpW,t,y~ܯЖqA>ÙVuOC\<4)܅4y]LJI8'LŅ'8>$ͭ )ҞUъJfvऑL럱hwB4/"o!1Nݍx&xp3/4}'\f>yat|B ,Po] 9G˵|n68~:wY: )a;Aftm0^~:m+mi}Ǒ!px\rG>C_|~qGϸ2,g[ymcl7_1]i̪FQ":( }Zx2}ёs^P6׼ w6f3P:X1}O?ӷ@y4ڎ hx'KgtX#ҜNusY~3,si\ZHZqh55^<.h1 wpw[НSӾ/C>w_a1?Sv8.q r#x|h?%o93{Ҿ*rX{컀$'l̪c;%x$ iEJ.Zх3y 5¶Ј+;q4;LYwq^v?CO'±<'L:s<0Qe8鮣C}]?Ҁ1^q^˅yi'fx] T~}J+H[=r6!a:?gp&۪^}QsGSˡkߤ8ܯx yCgr:4p'.ðin, ϻwٔdzz sیbaB 1 Y2_eͽ7_"+ܡqU x3 7%>FsO#nĘ`綅1ᛶNO8dyG4q:xt q'8wN0㘃;t MUQ-| 8]WB9GHO #r3nwU2 y\5gh g"Q/,^jp3X[*p`YSkU: nw)o=x|irΘ2pgM3/JUء3LC?GƑn G5K^XTHT 9M QOJ>C9y;lp_ߓᱥ=%&UKܖpkUΕ?Wx8!iQvCʶ9b21h#8}ep||Gi]`,h&'+Ufi=0U@}73b~~_0k.oG}xX`!_w,~|GJQ?VS6& Zm=xd+nIgdL`ު"9޲ي[ W6_3:>_d dHm)+3^|2Nja7/JZyL?vq G/TrׄGږ3!/҄b i<]V*js٫wnZ]|$%["^m2l;Iwbb<_Hlw֛@BՐm)!%=m0/BǹjۻՎ4qOǛ~^q b|w'J:>׼#^#w.k,sp|!}J_/X~[΋ ry[:iлŸS$g.+} N=y6)S}]rC;6v~DZ]Xh/ԋhۋ'm6hm[jŪUO6 pԁwѧy7k&~%wL}7=Z;d3үrl?!j/y8vwcv{>x FbW!umH}+cB͒{B5f,|A7/ ]ю-{?,[I8^T^Em"їF7G7oZ1}eY;zdH#prpF5_ޓsWkW,m+R.o #w:lU~ay|<>^x/G1SeчMw~|o$ 4 gA_ |YLWr[M=o샿+Š5O4fybv0/@8܅܇uU^s\j|1z);1#p +h7[ln~A /;[6wN0>w2@kǦ_M  ['o;>$ݎ_/8  @_b]< Ovga̳~YI3vWK>a݆8lYMŕ-A_j_Җ+N;WD/D+wyw,Rr"kw&2_'V*M5np 7·'Vy8IΙwv{ϙtO& sz E `<K{]\яw8֙|΃0!l8]y= z ]_Dž#p5]ny~son\~ӏX`Ί5ɂ~|GZ9N_C⋖/ǁ,QԠ|B=a`cpcƹ";׃ŭ^;wi^i9Ўk\[oZzϠѭcn4SQT)|8SEr' e gB,$3ʋ,{| ͖,]'Vܛ7 ,)%pȖv$ ; }kɖ;KPj~-7eVSuo:ݜ޷?p2r qp&%- teن t鄝:Lח00;˰O:}0m&4=38!;K 1Q@Q1P܀\Xo\-p Ke{֬nE]׼ٙӸ1Ⱦ6mvt㶄}a8v)aPylCyxP.c޽]ENxy,34ZwyiB^N{nto|w9?hn{LSsN!;! x4}˔N Cjdmv}2+$ere@KqIrqNG2*|U%۳>{۔F`KF$Ru_+_FNquvj+E2PYb_Bնd?9YrWGcS$~gC7* .Lf_Yl|;v]o.yady?8pE^|9޸ꚶ&Ծi1Vm8lɱ*v`'IFڃ;AHQuCfٯ30!,pѯ6ځrՙ<#rlƺk$\#+Oc-h.n߳/Bm<&lfEy;%Wة̻o 6uf);ņ^ IP\|FcetWgy[߻gz-kvo_q>eő-_ljߧL>J냄;WheQ6^6kyrz>wS",#P_y݅4t ȅ?f/Ww}Aa)zN#cY1Yߠ:䠃~0]|w_%G<" _nynxFTPn4mJѵC7welGݕFm6؋hNȾtN`3cݶa+nŸe%ƛ}UcgX|Ҡ#!))#=UOve}7+mLDdFHц&\~JxU+&&ؿ;w>_X&0ox`cmi%+伾]~SI&nG s3| \߅G1 Խ-yt_~R>wS"s e0wcs7iS ȅ?Pȕ!swv.yXY"Οev${5wN_*. X6_b™?1wJ95) 餑e\? a8|XE2q ,jT<"u\vFɴ9i7! 8yu'~z62u|TЎgC=gjT{Pz+gw_qxj!N0_p&GGӳ<= _8gǺd |8+E2M6y-iZ\ ѐV-nHnm$w2C Ņ<}J$Dϸׯrw:Souy Hf<1!-j//)ɪ5SycJLֶ]{8W?$zCs\n܂#hyk7qDq/e\qT~^ý߳~=ik) N!e1~ӗx+<{9G,w1{O*SoBIc7,-pa8+/{BI .| %N, I7 c ;_cǘ5c-Utz/?Ŕ7x42g+EA[<ޏ%sxPd bppi[`>i_^v>$vfg>±9 +x,χ? lz ]ҀspϺQZkӉQ],NqRfhouDcBlk({V4ZWf>AuI/MC'N!Q'E-h;+c,^ߏ/%_ xLP'rKlP=v|Ee|Bߕ:iPܫ7 l;Z1-f QU!U6;?~)>xf[CsJ;FqGiwios % ^\(љ5s@r:>/;3,'ڝ==yݷ_tѷC=euY v@.Y_H3U tH4ˇgrO4IO7ɅκIOĎT* Ҷ}8yЁxFG7.pć>!lxϬ{Iq3inIۣB =hdOh%-H[xs#;zHGxјgwhgw>?yh۲[h|M{ z~rk/-IG3\a_鮎v;{jl}::aDzYj!Bl?9~?!/ƻ!e'Mwq㜑(Zaa>85O^^\jI/쵬[b\DZwe^ {#֟ObXygҋ ߓ+?Aȁӟ2T _c8l&wh,SuO-֟{Sk\y4=ӟ.Vk\&u2T==$X?duv4^R=OU}d/Z)_.H΂X[(aiy6ZuF P"y6WV/!pߖ>tUB9}&/{ݕ+=\12{P :X߹U:ήg? {b{Wu-"(зkz~{aڐ*C}׵ϢfΎIhu-iί9 MU|ƸJ^jڽ{,^ue-X)HW t4ue՘2(u-[giYU*2]~~ 8[q]ÆǷ΄>4)C}J5$ԡojGC:_w*;׶[{J|8;k[^\bl|V!P/!{m˽f.>W!z'N{ၖCbm*:Ts ׵ x`iSܱri.tP h=u2JXlօ:M8N^NꗗgBю_o[; ډk UۯWy.Jٙ?\lۙڙ w)fn=Cg/օ<gms|9?^1ɴË˴ eZi&Wn> 1۾=*x-#Lt}xq:$_8& wkO.Lw[U\_eyix:d9w>1S|bc.!5 1TGEg(nbAiVi&]IBYUlDelzͳWYM+f_el.MN±\elq,^3a5l+B{m Z5&.W9jyyuT"9&e/rT$Pb,YʿszU({PZ>T.ͤS9*o.^&f-Gmohq _ז[ҋl_ %#@娦b K nƎK}K,ް+ wc]&P .,o~wXy!ܲpYI=M/Wk)dkP'{^A@5x@_y1([;D顽"&'%$&۲_V>[bE#kZq}| mBV{Cڜ=okZ׫]! ྾qx:AB .ߟ1P"NMvkneqWeܕYKeLvB)w&Dnt50W1fWkѵ6Sпԋ3^E{_ϟX2ߪg;Sp8}^K| ֚(i7l[HdIrR3*;ʷ@2S2I{XqbQݕ;ճQa6,$ }y}j{`{}8ON~V}I@;^IiK;-pǻ]}P\.ogB i]pJj͔$g1Ig&EkpN6ޱ#eMl]U2r>kx..oN_{[f6UkkM[X2^c]f,2^ޱ"I>oou>#pn/ҏV(]fI^! ]ȅ?Gg*!8=Ho\[Nb={3ٿ^zʥn2MD#Q㭧 wؿpK:&wW4{P[4ak=sv_2ԷWyzʶ_.J+g]ڽiEm3~ ;q;3 Yː9M__#=L4|+.PUUFĎ/u^IP,.@_|$cWD_َ_UUߋ(|X#\u߮{.B ,t6kB .$%P{oX# >";ayꋿ7l`I2}I\{Dб=;ay󕧨<ˮ#BM@{Ry̼z?U|^|&_845Zxjz^ k1(;ooV |m||-s&&gķ9{ ,U۪P~jL&۾:**̼\t/C3wr$op)wR0] zȩoOºƭWhy(^Eo:Ǖ+jM[ؘslhOKo[B r|IV۹Yg5E(ٵ)2 gЉ\ɖ"? y?ȅ6ʳdg'ga%{2\8*e;NCx?&N߱~#E7H ζ%%^BB(|{>gV;4Ayz$?둉|#ɐ@G!iRxi`J݌k9|[WX-Y%)~κ=%N")pbCm3{h$*e>FA7%g8E*b<|ܼL`~̍p=ߒs Ϝa».E\SYt9n&FVc1ŪP"ٻƪϽ9>71H &&wDwĢ?q(G[G桻 Է=1{OǛ㇞e8qr6~5Gpm8Wq'%"q.(@Nܸ@gM9/W)r -h>FX;KvG-\j.^^/- /;ws9t^`wnto #t5Vck4-߃Ԙhs5]K.z垱Jwbڵ)k@}N6gc>>>>8[*"o=o˽`-JdgL"F!49M꣺^h%#{Y`3{t<*ͩ[$z`o/iol̙9k~S@@;4GUH~M]gMp}qTkүCm״`ԦPx3ǭ<|ͧ'|)H&ly*ZK@ޜ% 5ߴjnlY J3enbk# ݇س= ے[K7(D!!/ 7{"Gg 7Q\)Oߧn;LkcH #gn*,syleOV8+j!UbpSϚz.rƿHt$"LҲ ye}]$,r@.s\3ubi*o<ѩA^1ZkQ7lj6w8a̫~>1䀭= r`|g>vȞ`s&09~x -`lG~ì۫;F:-Kx-+pc`LSZ[s}VetUg_FrR* O _RQ2֮҃%*MnѼ\{5砜ýK%G \r<#o4WeեD`lY'ƫuVprP]MF"`װ5j >r/̕A(Tia[KƯyO䞎VcEDg*waW t$G8 \ Cf | ^`8_ywl/TITNRj'8j胰oM&lqc=iGfHg}TW͋ojmH5~Gcc<5kw6%/ol:=Nk)7gڧiKm;WsǛ;wW:z;ҳ%o7F~Zk{2zNg`.-K+( Hh/i!(Db mҖ*Z-HU.!$LHovݜ7gFv2w̬=3kZk̙$rgOHs原$3$q%|@0;*O/$w(W>'yŕ;$CEɅ% s_Yrbػz߽/*g>;*|”G5iOW.3C!}7Gn/ͭKXJ9Q%rrr 9= ”Bfiro}^ G[TNw,%I~{LqϹ,I%7L=`ʝo'i6a`Hi>.;Q.L.C}i uu2o=1=mOH)g`|+ W΅rG;\#R}E5QI/m}N^ӗժy-L&)Og U3>\zx WQ{Oz"&{޽㑯d#I֠h+ϐ"_&+vcU Kf 8H]ڕG| ޡ2eoHޑ\lN;ziIlƏ'·q7;S)o5'-ɯ7~mib>Mvi[DC<=<ߏrPlMwr[(n&''iM8[7l%͛}E_rޗ:M=,w%K6 nKϝsd{ꩾ^˘n/9ge%7B3NO,n{?$b*wʾdNrzrLrNMOM~_Di9]#埬Cs.Hר>2 ɻbp_h =/.?k蹊Gkgq݂W 7OᄑE} ~7{<˟nݶhj HNY4D(:K[C2tEݾӊem>)w)$t4]4z5 &O.M5 mIg$^O-ik&_'o0w/|~jr{|߆/pg/| `N}]Nc";`n$}חwBߍZ|{Η7{=½o}׷wp )$9#N*HᷞZ%s5ϹsZ7~)c-;mDu'4htKx,n<:1E{;Py[O~,~'*P .BO?}e o91O>yƏw5Kk&<y{]Ɓ?>]w"8w |ڻ>L2& 1?mzu2.;8÷/^!RW+\31S^cO:X%D<ë3ggOgB=W\rH+^|rrSVCNNx\ԗwfoR]YUkN^ETƠ(FE6iFB:udsXRzߛBJ;P1)؈W(]FGPƤ^O=;z2tR/>:"%GD,/'a>eS0g QwMQCuw/+_ TۋnDmiL¯2nW:ݽi~]2]w;{X_mE{suC55.Qx,u<K0xU*'×OiǁnbwxS]Q~ȤcȟZ4}[ O Y54<[od0m,|!/~cNc|mMeMu;O_x3g|Qij.8?#?k!'r/rirl7_{ 6+k$k{="^mSʉ0x'x&)oƻ?[i[Oo"W=ڴ4# lϐ.NN/*-)Trrf{=_q/V\OW*{)' z!7LyՈe npa&W$;'[ߐn#w( ƑB>tߔEfƇW ~%P愀޼z||h]S.jCkm7|h8b2>CoV «P×CjySnyS:C\턯^k>?| Ax,]mwv|a]QΞ{e\_%uOfWP[mχXoCDWy4+?(CS$UV EkN+>Eʕ'*! kmk5A*x$ oY[J` mxpt|+?ՠ>;>W>m;6p mSgﴏwk/}D|8;y |+8z y~՞7h?-o<꯲#s6txQHi|S;G q{]i8b 1Hohk%ױVS;Gh*Q$s,jsy+}1֕7;G _9jlM{gːƋי.mC_n;-KlycC3'_:lɖ9Dl .邚hL'*r n!mcyWvǀuawB(DY| {eXD{ϴ>,N=O{1Ϗ]c?^92/HW=Umi'􏍭?5k yh]U?G=f*Li\^F]7(U.TdC+}uҼmDi;a3ݗЍ‘fB=؉?C[zOg;TpV|d38 ^'fxgԑrU!{UGۚ{NH#4eK_~3Vtkz}K/ 3G#"|V<]ǽZd97g=-# .mDʟ_^Z"|kI*A^]ra~`ZBˍu/7 _ێ8Byse՟-]'&\fw=3uk/~򪍓#d0˟ΏwpoX/*Sԥ=Eʗ!t^mXE>!<#7j~US:?)=y, 6>~+[ EG6|{(l|w$gNr)L稗3ϑ3g$O I)'9} ;"!lɓ//(O\zQp}Dp~}Do/_|yޮ '*ýCS)o\&c<]:X|EZ*3tNq֩'y ^)cw;=dU᫵^:HslWEߵq%b{2}]ft^Oi~r}}+l#ctfs8Gט$Ʀ$klwQןZ[`{׭8a[a9W[뷵c{Y)rUj5^g{V_6[ͷH[o )!GP.IO~jw*BqBb!op;6Wz.z_A/\WvF7^':t뉾X=%QF-:3|7|WU{y:龓͇9|m3o\ Nm{v], I{WpzcM͇M¼:vzSHC>΃r1]ulYЖl+OϢcmH5_ 9x[=,ϟ s| 8'*w |ʳ4|;;<>D0[#wx;VewQ[.ҥΛzz*m82zv"?s7gN$@?{C8b4;ۢ1G~6|= _ic8wsn)vw(js}NÐKaÀ^ʧFwl}u?63v2wDc*A9?POqd8yg7^+)c{Z<TQW< ^"=,|u\~c1Q5սXWܚ3Y7yU{܋\W&"ڣrΌԼzg3bjͻ"W$^ :GغOxB-A,C~gX_vO6W'mh֯;D\Sn6W'Ւ'Av^&e×ujuKkїu@5 >{6Odɭk:D㔁y4d09uܨ`#?ߊ۠Wgiez3;J)Zkk/pscRlUB2Lo/O ::{{7aOg{}0!дD})M-~RqmP?? z{Rzg1kFŽz(mm0^ ?:mtp+4,ާb |WOg{|tWaxW=sb'%Я\⧔*8U'h(f|p=?~a֢~=d>91ɉz;59^l<~,uqcZ9 3|y>WA/p _ K]`[mχ{|) >8Ϸ2(ۖ(+(9ѿq=_c_w|,lOh7K~ZQg~8x)mNf/e!~ iQ wHF{ + zI koXym% ~ Ӵ|[4ƿJi>ƣZ}tҬ~ ./3P}ʶ:o|)?"2OPG<*<{or-gޝ-xX=4?|Jp]5 6Ϟ߾ft|m}5u8_nHSIr&4ϡri셋8OݛC8ړ g)cZ Gu7Xf&»Qnſټm?Ϛis|ucYx| ωmV[ϏugWe x֦NkI#Q{prd:;bf#ou[x +Љu|veoAM1}-L}Hfc1[q"O>ÇRق5HL\~KuU5]o/Ӛ"9[+-ܟh\~/f8PP?`{\jwg@2M~>}ZkeI[VW̹6Nt }GC8G_+tۍrUGԭqD;ԭ oG5섾WϓQ$ --}/}2[F‘-cyQs}}w_fZ*>;q8#=cp4XqoϿ|~1W/mʴՒ b8oCySĴnΗ%ځcd]"ݢ"8ݯI)I-R^/(/]?L.$e:ظ|Gʊwƻ%nyRzDpw#8_Η7l!WV:ܭxg[mgsp/y6)Wޝ6o~-ߪ\T<\Tչ="c6s^O{$tzF \T<\T?ʋqWkMsƇ`=%CQ|^ư\:v_p0q/ ~~,<rRֽb:9#ٰrRKuyk\ocZ|98_?:ߋ<+qХs͵IVظ~"8+|T9 鮍oK=,Hf۷^u|wq~tzYSX'->6kzl<)\Ȳyśr''Q;M>|>qU]oVa+P k+j禶^Kmsv7lh tg]V]2o/wʐWp$W[m2^#Z:4N4Ry{Qv v c_l &Mٰ;eKH7wN4$k W:5 'g9d"O@]t2ľźנ[R-e[ֽt2ꄾй^\{|~/}ErEWm[iB XX#<l>Vl>~|u?t2ꄾ)E>?edt&ǚ|R;dxddtgWT; M;Jqrij6o] [;Tf |L8BnU<9o,8OYφ\q#=BӢZ*):D iV9Zһ/'̹?qG '~|Z+ {',f[=;ja2|` 32^ICq"Bש괧w0{V{'lmbiNٗc"GwwݤQ CgQ`D=M~wΦn< 2玛SQ2YpA@ܐ=Ú4Nީ~_[[:K|hZ.[:6L.'k> [Ga|ml7u (~`G ~@&g!?HiaK6uz۬0k:Soև:nx+qƳo|>ߟ^ |o.Whݞ5ڇzsl{[rfݾ#Q*qԭuv%—߇w'_'s}L7uQ)Y}(諓}(TOaPӦ/Y0-=?b4M+1^c+>׈ߍ߇*.k402m.Nuh |}jO_?}EP X;֞^R3wO߇kO_?%}R#3=a59|^$_Þݒ䦪!mҞW)nP?u"k->~[Frˍ[H_R:;-תi ˵i=΀6 Lg8خ 'x'%|Kl]4Fؾ#pY.RM#yS8R8& /Vś^*h\X$)­KfR.W,b^Mjy*pzz*uesr5?={+^C(GkT#p4`_^(jsy>OOX%_/k W}1`9Xz !JE.]s9S"9Lߔk'r2~׈u2kDA¯˟~"<諺bLߔk z:%tyy~KWtwt8t8K/ k [>3~|b"l)\^># L^(T5D8d{ 'kj5i b&,ܑ r*S2Ȉ:q/uF2U UەA#i[5Edo^:Z-z/T#hd"{id?8—AV1ZyW%U W=_~;zt:r}P@'phm64wwKx'p_IyA\~w8IA{QK9ytp&W?ʻ:>}3*WpQpQXߏu9/{/cq3p Ky]y)obP^/_._~Im3EpUJy9;vzIw3X`nI%<ֺ_М`}]s :ؽq2:NtW]^^){ X=9wW(^9Ay94 l4_L;SA[ܫ0'_hkkϾ]ז\bLD꒼qߴ%}ߴ:i^ :?Dx,ynG_j]//o|S#_/2}S_:|d6ëb\T+oԞ_K:[6w|vI(27O!o nP?&o,R$wJFn'r: o3}AvGf״UB^dhߐ#8(09+ 3_6-iɲ}Ops.FSrI)5y6u N]\ӴJXHٳoa Q>\w|+ }Q$7˿Ti_;/m}N^ӗժy-L3RMo m禮q;xxocL:/I7ō5޸vM:6Jµn_?4&T!y=>yH%cWO^ju{䓇o2-Tl72ڒJgV!W52D"+\{RS&ygٜI1_xa yqWga=}ru{$c>k+Cwػ}_~v{)v*_kIcA8-xknHAw7M۔D ~i8]kmk0xKc >ۺoa`p~&||+G^l ?;|ͧ|u[ƏFѐc^an Ud+X /P}+,SyϪWR756:m|2v="*q|dNm6DϫGy+V el[Cs~mK_wNw#y6w[J߱ ?֟;n&<9E/{+#Yj| x pY~B"~F9K!Z/0=B>yO+zh@r <'4g{47(-SIK8vh=U'm7mǡױ?޴IN.T1^Er}Hډ{`>3Qo0ͣ [4 l2g|-I^oXѡZ#b::L/ǘ"=Gr#w|ʰ2 ,oy7Uş,p_n~Hy-tmUH׆kkZ3P^ԾU/9,\^\p3um U_}"M:q%D[lUw.tk+js[UZܹp_;~e#kMƒ nHyl]8? uri}Sxtsc:֡3΀ >evg ^eT+ߑRo;Cgv* 8R]Yv/ɲC%:?:$_CftH,:S)?n|z>v/z9&9@B~^!{! W֎:l\vl!FwM&A^N& 7`#{V}r;!^Za&g!X3T8q,wͧЍ 7ZՍ> 2M~"YƳeSJ~z[S[c5pU~'ZS8bgx劾dkl"F5=5zaH>ܯYKyg=&:8`ݼ\D_7Ic%>e4Tpm{GvwUxQs`17(2?'Ze@3~UE/(oqI]Eg|xsw95,Ssy|} /r!j*wSQ'-sӰsU>GYK_~3m$Q*q-1!/—ۂjU{u}8VsdPK)%=("!"<j6.ӂʴ9cEz:1/-}y]l"b:W l}RPmK_]_$`G}6:m_ۖjoX/m^?b|ՉV]QS{Ƽ)ü)?O_i*d‘ S_MP/_#_2>,~>WLૄuL.)#|mެMq<}/}}`z<}],>;UױuSmj?X%\yuڼ\yONY/&wy};j߽%1=:{ "8Oi-ߝ*9=ouoTn1F&^;M|yD˛QGT옋'{`ubXoNC7~n763#Oy*W?[|rp2?N8~&p~i>*m4ۍ\<)b8\sfpy8.|ItRO@ %wkFpߪqWiFp/8|;$[.ɵ[t\c$6/\9bVx\C9g7jf.V9y{_ސ:;Nc'pI ܻeTguL$^ṋM~;sȣ;D}g|4evl*rM=Ƴw a{]Jh4ܳ aئ Jkm o8lHÖqc׿LgAڛzCG=YyޟyròjܬZ>/Gaݜm+[>^N/PݞV# =Ӫterͮ{Aޭ1bg/;iVyy~ZnӾy#|Ƿ#r#8!rVgCY0-D"4̹I2E%ιLSH:N@wneνr}})7>x@?+,/\Fٳ3rrOEgٽ:G̷vv7az ~&L'Ѧw˚:޼{`S2߻{ֵg۔c;{|  {Gt=Poͱ5P,ON]vޢ'@{&t}61!thjΰ;DX3%dRyƧö3Hǩry4TΠXxnQdrT [J[n"hʐ[jI+<w_*I"1pu6ɒR8{43t&;5M392'lw2HfaޭV/ThNnN@fmx.~#mĬhSE|]9 rz036 3lee4{Xyb繣>q9$/9~$Yoϱ|e_rӓcvjr|rl2Ihd`?*WvB]oF_wiξsR{zt:E|< ܡc}fz-‘R?kHwkg,a9P :M:](EVUAREpsApG:wKI*\v|C@V(;ܵ+"CY[7-x;Ux Q#xo#xQr)r%7x{mΗ}wb7#!|"{.ͷE9 yq|5 o ڼwYfCw::,Ǽ_nЕu2'Κ3'Ηwww}lrp~vdY׏2~*//m|\Ay/rsv?I5 ;iAWQ;|{oH/3s98ʳy>{ZrusϽ39+>3˜|u!T[HsT6WNu%*}:myɃ~_<f wܾDlocoxO\i8MM"5 a1 06Ӳy8ީ$:꽓`Vo6+Hű~]w$#2ȸ7X5zrR`ܓQi:l?ZHm!SҎVg*mon-g~UOṁt^.صx 4<89MiX^P͍mvn*lRI _{g-Zon&0™ _~/zw_qy8[/lɇ;X;)uJu4MՠCD/-0w dLa#T{,,39 ãäå   u , . . . , u , . . . , u P n j 1          – âåðîÿòíîñòü ñîáûòèÿ, êîãäà âñå âåëè÷èíû j   áóäóò ìåíüøå çíà÷åíèÿ u. Ïîñêîëüêó ñëó÷àéíûå âåëè÷èíû j   âçàèìíîíåçàâèñèìûå (ïî óñëîâèþ ìîäå- ëè), òî ñîãëàñíî (3) âåðîÿòíîñòü   u , . . . , u , . . . , u P n j 1          áóäåò ðàâíà                n 1 j j n j 1 u P u , . . . , u , . . . , u P     , (7) çäåñü   u P j    – âåðîÿòíîñòü òîãî, ÷òî äëèíà ñåðèè j   áóäåò ìåíüøå u.  ñâîþ î÷åðåäü ñîáûòèå   u j    íàñòóïèò, åñëè ïðîèçîéäåò îäíî èç ñîáûòèé, ñîñòîÿùèõ â òîì, ÷òî âåëè÷èíà (äëèíà ñåðèè) j   ïðèìåò îäíî èç çíà÷åíèé, ìåíüøèõ u. Òîãäà íà îñíîâå àêñèîìû î ñóììå ñîáûòèé âåðîÿòíîñòü   u P j    áóäåò ðàâíà             1 u 1 u j j u P u P   , (8) ãäå   u P j    – âåðîÿòíîñòü òîãî, ÷òî äëèíà ñåðèè áóäåò ðàâíà çíà÷åíèþ u. Ïîäñòàâèâ ôîðìóëû (7) è (8) â âûðàæåíèå (6), ïîëó÷èì ñîîòíîøåíèå äëÿ íàõîæäåíèÿ ôóíêöèè ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ìàêñèìàëüíûõ çíà÷åíèé   ñòðîê:       n 1 u 1 u j n 1 j 1 u 1 u j u P u P u P                                    , (9)   u P j    îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ â çàâèñèìîñòè îò òîãî íàëîæåíî îãðàíè÷åíèå íà äëèíó ñåðèè èëè íåò. Åñëè äëèíà ñåðèè îãðàíè÷åíà ñâåðõó âåëè÷èíîé max L , òî âåðîÿòíîñòü   u P j    âû÷èñëÿåòñÿ ïî ôîðìóëå (4) è, ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ôóíêöèÿ   u P    ðàâíà                                          . L u и л с е , p q ; L u и л с е , p q u P max n 1 L 1 u 1 u max n 1 u 1 u 1 u max (10) Äàëåå îïðåäåëèì âåðîÿòíîñòü   u P    ñîáûòèÿ   u    , çàêëþ÷àþùåãîñÿ â òîì, ÷òî âåëè÷èíà   áóäåò áîëüøå èëè ðàâíà çíà÷åíèþ u :     u P 1 u P         . (11) Íà îñíîâå ôîðìóëû (11) ìîæíî íàéòè âåðîÿòíîñòü   u P    ñîáûòèÿ, êîãäà âåëè÷èíà   áóäåò ðàâíà çíà÷åíèþ u (ïëîòíîñòü ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ):               . u P 1 u P 1 u P 1 u P 1 1 u P u P u P                                  (12) Ïîäñòàâëÿÿ â (12) ôîðìóëó (10), ïîëó÷àåì âûðàæåíèÿ äëÿ çàêîíà ðàñïðåäåëå- íèÿ   u P    ñîîòâåòñòâåííî, êîãäà äëèíà èìååò îãðàíè÷åíèå ñâåðõó:                                                       . L u и л с е , p q 1 ; L u и л с е , p q p q u P max n 1 L 1 u 1 u max n 1 u 1 u 1 u n u 1 u 1 u max (13) Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ñ ïîìîùüþ ôîðìóëû (13) íàõîäèì çàêîí ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ âåëè÷èíû   . Dx pU}y`ЄD@!$5FikI VZ[j RF$bǑP(T(h #)< yy$Զ^gw9{HATd(r'r6.rg)?>$/Y_pl܎M:xRz."$;NRϕi11_* ,ϐ]o (D\DzL/[ųe0-ƨ;0H|#RB.K~[97S l=_ĹntS9ݠ̜{3lM-?"2Rp4mlo̖2lrc?/;sd`L*Mi.罤(H&sgz>>U^a^29+i~Qnc)gmoqk[ٲ]pSHa`'}1Cyr1^'OoCW-5Ű=Ke;=ز9;^IǾ32 eװn6[^ޫðUm.AGH˒PϮuA_mhK}[ޮF')OR(']S)RC{̫S'4)ށ2P ҳ~BwwDOCTc tǑ'/@ɕwi{ p' gœg |C7~95QayRu_w^c^,LWbW8K?x &jL,M*e21\TzDfxձ</yckce[%?NAo9c"cp|]4{OHulqS \:S?Cz?Z&Ĭat;7נ? d3p ;!y@aor,\!2:k`?1Wȯp?;]bivfSҊ\zdn6O` Z'{&grw5^{r+yZ#9"y4Y 4g5n@M̿Ghu# Ik9Fo3q!Z)y"6 R)Etձ\Ҍ}싗JC[&}.e}P| :uKesFdxl4cSTV_Eeƴ?[9퐶cn9F<۷:ωX,9==r֏]9ybY~]luxT>Q‡x?7wu>Cy?[7307/%7* . iP%uc;WR,c4[寰ױaoI2u#v}j۶zuĦ矁r[lx6KQ`g7RZ>uojlb8ޤkp9wh< h&1ОH?}>}-yb9.7| ~pK_DwJWINܼgbB\w-^yZ no;:K+}mWܽugc@}_t?3!(6zoJg.e7s`_[۽1=@S{Kpy\ޤ$scmɥWZʧV$˹U]nZG+W<`&X22222222i2G#3whuqwLsMg&U=LHA! 6MFgkg& 8w' ꦣ<ż d5#b;SFr+^yVim8 UHz`v뎷 |"g5gC UPa}u̞*q5'8\yэ!'2|1/r! 9y|a m[M?F5; fto06kc?f:[6vhf!_T`Ȧ[7m2C&keUw&P321yb5ejV<[ _S1lc墥z_r~}d1sV/QGY!l0FI*A"Le<`SoʁPD]]v;ߙ߾ +5ikcuW W[^zI[뽖D%ku^_gzFQ> "/BnFGV##;Q>NfLH[6uh?n\l$ZOEC?twM6!G:0Tm~֩Bmi >[=[*sKn NWgZkԎ}mln)u]?s8uwɞΜ?Y֗n}ZWNZSrlcp\vL7;Zq^|pvJ~}5u{mɪ{s@wmw״nw}GH|`G4'[Bw 1$ab'd d d d d d d dsd"\;d d d d d \Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:38  p )  Fpp xp (16Ў 2 /p 1  D {x]Euw")A/uJLRB{`O.GSXH#I^sQ,LZT`"+o?/_i}j! κ3}sv1s'gfY3֬f΄$I.;BQIr]"gYI߲$I$݄D `9$&w>\㞑%Eɲ${Cgge#`~ޟ_aʣ*cyf(&/{lKh+eN;Lnܐ\*'%LY d]O^|9ڢj%Sw⟛Sg(YH}s-gB' -ɿ1-s_5ȷ2I%7M95O C7/|ʤ-?ZdiuureLMR fr.w\;姃*+D%mM^xOIr\>z"mN?_2ҮRmY9Xa4Kԃ}k#uiV&;*S^#o<_\UEyŚbL56#c?6gS6.\|yF9VQ;Wgl&mcsH49Y1/gkFF܌stj2VϬx_󩧦&wlry+YwjKVFYS~u9;$7,=t:vTɫG8Gϥj2R_&zb*mIFL>0u;Ðіa9K4Vu'_3p GcsE1oq5~|w7< ~_k _a9, 9woޱ|lSm.7mwܱ6ۻ#s]<4tA9ɟQx4zat$ ۷Gߦo*2wŤAT!9P-LEkGEmBȩNm5Mc~D],~=?Ш7zCK6zm441nC `”gy%?0滖ʶ0t ՝MyO8x*۔gԑrq9`D;K]*q[/}i8%j7|h0_} +x3Vջ/,M>P'P'V\w9nb돭Kah$}\t^>L@ڝrs1Hih4AAggmg5u8i8[I:_UJ2S/j-?ޤmL%^~ѐrG9VU9C~P~U]>|1mc~e,Oy<=򆯨 Xq5,x d x d  w-]#ԏzsƨځuMk|^W Yטr53]8 %GȄΐ#tdH*R>Q'kZ@+^6z'o޶ _a=P< rV\E@cZ׫y!~\ޠvD@T1y*pf{WtSpN#G8~0:XqҠ Cr<T845CKoQWƪMd]&pgd#Q&ֹWD472 e8*ғt&։Ny*g0_}Z׋4z&㏇&/ pi #a]8Yc2j44hM\4vQQ->, ?=4IRБo BWYqYƁ݅.3(}h7q>;S[j\,_bO"ť+tUs_=Anਏ՛wga_,`y'mG i#lᓏx\[iE+>5cVeɆ#+}mP/qᏇ#_ >p8FGp|]je@BJ4M]4)>KQ҇7x3~m+- ?4x5z4sz'n9W}?,&cTcx{GyemAGg<;HOLfOaSGk+X<ǧ=MC,Pot'2n>"2%yҎV g^K{[JCO-N)7l6YO<#cx'VR<ɻe/fƟMS_i$^w=B)iPH[ GQF"vyKe:lͫW>ZV gOwh۪ n:(ýF|pWy[C㩡N'jd͛{Uc6Ȥ^q' 6VJ&wv*ܐV4tgG)GS.X68qdTYӢ}wsqpmoi4¶'q˻GLbenyL|+zX)#ln׸AE79]L.&G԰Ɲ+G3C!U=~-wUIpSr^1'_1f z?z-:q\5=O;ec=2|]&\Os}U8lNY;[r>8ߐ7[탙S/pg:G//Իn hV} VΏksl@zv&<a5d7inҀ_}012;?/6e:,lPe<^|~.&v1.Vظ{bp|Oz?(ްx:}Au/҇UOcZ'K28 R}.Vmgy=lԣ_Od oý%i-7Cr;LFx:w}?>X<>X^Yn}Gsʾ}';_[;7ǭ?;b4B{r]?28ϫES+'|pLPoUr?IDW㏇ϏI+*4wWm~]lfck}ݏZ U ^ۙKOxWJ^cudv0//'(v:Ds܏/SDhc C]vWہ;B^ਗY5K28fvI.|{%5kfT_;4ܪ* asE[\GT1;7AbxZ}o/brjnEܚ)q8f81CK|N8 ^ީfZ6}428ߎfZ?H{qNoaxw M⭎ao;< g3iac7c< }!US_ǨS':_qlszq}NfQ{c"kO:ގy*:i9c 7 _]/g.cB=y=;zlzvtmڶK \~!\~^Nyy=7ձ|ճC* yޮl;|kmCkyy;)5|Bߩw%p~+*??QEݛ //Qڞ;*v nb38hS8 wCVq* "zɶUpWeܩ;[Mбy'x*::[c|: :'WH[>q;c,xb+:epܽ~6q!jPUwFh[oNQnq7V] wT_}ڻr;*m/= Z'Fwȗ;F҇}qWM>fr0y~}O](r;d2~ ;P뉆Qk$m!x)2տ]9N\!CEbʯm\6-dv^ Y!8g8d&GxN[?Z{f(MpU_W۾+69Lx3~Qq0K=b+Rͷ ]!~mMWtcJk[A+jK;?iD.׻|WAz :oMƉ?,26||\/AIq$/8_@Th0pU}W1_u(gnǵ*|\;|7|7z>nw|nqj G1|]z7^n ݉ewcݤwPuO޹JE6lbwc{>Mь߆6>rx;c1x,L6q{Ɵ˿PbAlo VG&Sj&6v4됇=$ŝ&#xD23,h6m@.,d9q1חz︫x4՞ rgW 8!L^0Iu?859UkL'wh+ǯWT3U࢕} k|U=0_۹>CG_*|g+l~]t["zĭOUӽ C[Iua9Co;VzC9B`_=@iWEs~JTr沨%Ymυa?Gɢ(2W3iκ,UƯk| óOu [}BcI7*t i '|a{@O~/c5I2Ffvoe7[8~:<PSǻ~QhK>y(m7WqemJWw#'rˋVm^>qvG?[z>mV^7o%4{& oٱ|Pmr |OML}y*'+ _~N/gϯLvU~!#_NN;x;oz+8F/a6(+Քm!& :9J(r rO(u8^8x^i?vhΛ>z}~幒xT]F=o,}cuv8|N;|viN;N}e|0r'gpuT:}>NT;'quykz<$^R=-n}6p:!2f"I.oLiiGbs(5<o|y7Io~X-߷2wL c=d::e0ʏfcV[Bw#ה~3_::e{/rg~bP`{-oh[U/_KW#ㅯn#g6V8~J|[8L9_  xbQ_g#ꐝw.?|U\_jnK{`l5Zh_Kke64.)+>W;yWa ؖyC&8ewx.ށ4`Cy<Yn>=!]3y,cyؿD|+m?FՊg2Wڸh1.#ԍrqxls|&St+c9U̾i7,/wligF=a̘L_=&3y^oS~>9dNv^ Vc|D mRܐ(E7;969^7޽,Y\e;a9lWNCJ>%"ũk}z6ixJY([̿uooƷE@i}MzJ]ؠ_rgN[M| *'T9=yU{u׫$Oyr >Ӱ'~Xw_\'k=Tk߁2|Ӌ19s0:c hMr!% :xc= .fuK7qOd-U@>&g/mUQ7NѬ VV |ѥn>\'3=2y-G:qVǷz<)3Z8;TLO87>3J.р}Eo=(Y73<UUoM˱6qA/οZ5Fo Q/gԉN_bz5p\^G^Ѓ%U\l^g?ϴU+υWis|3_9oKJ>?_9Wã#z&g; ZA=0=:r=<(n!g"늣!9|lEگ!Awp&g`oPx\ڪo~DL5 M0Wqe:mJWt#Q9?#|uJ:-)o.[ԡo7C{kIPOo]9^knđ-هA: bE9:%x:K#ՉS)F\䛣^3p=H4ё0.NR4}EH#IF2b4rҎQ~T#%mҎS\;/ɨ'ؒ!(zB;2ǖiBQ ~!0B(hF9ì=N*~ڎ%>{=0{Ҁ2ɋ3~R ʠ\ٷN^a{x 7ƋX" êKLϱH٠qbk@ >Ph ˷x v>o*F_7=R:x:e{‹<]6֋"uSuZbzhczjSM^Yx^Oڸmמ|-C2,|ΖDYy2_#킻)in=kP(ׇKG~O4Nbp`$+u0[dyneqǺS\NScNr9eݔڸ*:qnd<=Ό?;ZJ3>በr>"9ń)/osP^~9#4/DşZ|y ǣ*1G7. v(V?b bxX<ޠelT }\TE'Pe׮^?}|pBf\h> 7i]Щ٪7^wrPVO8ݯLi[ {VBr+w3]{GN?ĈoS A_pT^%EmG7,h_.8.c% x#3;DL?м( ܟ4/bp|Ӿ84{p~O컧QG;GI18ߎ/ky;Oeh p|ͼ,$9OU*N3^="~|Vyqw_9}1:?iר+*k*jǞ"ϼ[rtcvMor0J>婩=SٓZNèN!9=Y,Lwbm](~3>OGc .mLI=CrjgcvIE&ܙiTڮLO4,>ӎV}cE?0:-c~?8u.>Yy< 2a8kس4eߠ q hu%?z3þ^`ToBvhpZP-VTwlR\W)ma'P߫6`G`S(.xN <O9ͧ?L)(8=gfS?)I>%ʱxmr~{cĥwjcA;kZiկt#aLo}}]b63{K44Quuy w}V=PX/z{n5{ԤLa1kl9f-m -1|!OjiUjVK&rU?Qɗ;$<޽B` _WW_~7k6WW;{n/i78,|3nx WKUl%fss3_|cx4!3 _1Xґ3wnVis|3R2+ӯ*J_/:72<_'x hLUSq|R}ί:KJ^2~~y+̯z!|Uis|34DMAzxPX9npmwҊ5塃u7וw*<[C׿uz348No7wDcΐ!;OW2>3:ï>|~|סNLx:{ު[ɇޅqLm*\[L&ҟr98j%IWg,(ޮ(nH?CAzKݢ`>Ǜ>"9t-_P`c9/Kq̷XQν.M7t=Ty}s C[,Ê7&+Q*ˏI{g*7EwGQ^^Yoy~f!:Sx`*ˏ?*;_ߨGUoZ@2o?_F|DC>ԋw"됼rP\@TkU ~mw9n>ё0J]"iST!9q"y[e9{>KEd:%i8ۀ٢}%JYpSNApFk mQ̊ekfpbv vA vc@||aIcg6.f`rwgr|ҁ5amfsbuvRyR^x-$O MJUb4aƋ /,1m]WEG# is:2xzԹ㫺i?>N|>1z bp\Ր `^=~֬#)}sT *:7RGSn> Ubx=Si3_BOge庅n 6>[sۻc>a?v3Y5rS8^;I>kɪI;'Rl@isoQoeVq+Xk$ROiv҂cflVL9Lގ}#iپ~fh2gRwҁ}ew,OؾC>8 []6{MzՅt:Q?#=ϫtZ'XlZvp?yW _TJ\G-U^ ~*jP| 4$U)d[rzɭ7(iɋF7I:9i) }OT'7Lc~0-hk&%wH'p#7zQ=~='M "{aU~ZpOhI4F59_\=|z3s4N1o;ACqK _ᙞzո_]kPE>ӎM4w&g7'gdK×1O1|gW*m/uEKyZnn|I_WX.ObP_̯\n _{ BAj[Hy S޿HTV@9Bdtp<±5xjg;zAΙC^OzS;p}DӸN OcSr}=yOhӎ۴Ϸc{ η%p~g)k3pԄߗ9qݼ)w,~]'#2YgC%Ķ]|xޭq~\yXs={6mpF7:X|_?ʋ4@F9p'שxx bŏgʋ&XBX<>(/V?l+6^|/!\lxwT~.V.V?I>~սر~XbpA,ѩv`x?{|pC yzvh}yzAzց7E;wFc uX nw+o k;'|Ϛg18/뤰~!s %p~oae(7_i6o:{Ne/ٯxWN.L 2|(ߤ0eNYcZevˋU*cׂ2I~[2?u:}1'hKu;?սfp~zvb^t6s 8NnQ.Nێ&o(7ĞgvH%a U2`K/|c+Oߒoqf 5K0Mygn ƾAy2Rק%<WT>]\n 3wqLk{w_n:kj7E˱Fqs7ጓCMՉkړ8NP9™ y t=^z]K՗v&="sh>s|֋||7^ Vݪe`{@?6v\HnxPnQϝPM2[{t̐[jtXF-ޥ'Rg|Oܹ5WqbY4~f fq2 r(I d<C}[<0aG+=0ߐnj&O)?|_"\e -^IY򯖋#K%^tƹ@qΘz)>{hO^Q_vkX|H6{q5q?jಛV޶ GH8bvyJ&/og*^;ӆ];2vuKx6}7wwSE~C7Ϯ Ot̋.+~]18o7qb WckׂYw i18cCmGk85|>Ftkr?[kn"=\ᵘ^E)rSOgFPUv . =X# _ ;%DZ}ð}z!wqLo)SBi=d{\ƽmlQ87n՝\c\|B1z4[c 0,#Ϡ}đt'ˣO9~>yONW'xsbri]sU;R;~m*9PN~U9_wj zEgt寻/G[sݶc.B^z]MQNk79|^66zat$ K !& z:0$ӻ,P$JsQcx^e9szY{C"gE0Y3iиT௒tk3r*Ō ا[xs42yB'{VJMdhHzJibI4.zmRn|JI!7Orh(7AH36%[N.{hkYN@$_:J1Pkd&S9NMnt”=[ d=B+C[2NE[#t:͗W}]/{S&;e#9%&1}bq $/};:dw ݊3G-Y| 27KN-+Uxܗ2-lCe7qr팼)zJ{7RnnS4Fz~Ք#C-syq |鋮î~b9}؍Z>>z y̚oQ9əؼEs豚lpnωF೷,Cs9^ W.cSMNV@tˏ#bcrIceƴ~W@9Nx<طq&o_"9A?qvBucBmwsZnf4IVkٮ{: Hx ၄&x8g0nN 0;Je DEE'|gQ4s|=/#UXtd!37ٻL"*V\`&0QbYZT&7SV ?, bwp~%ɥ|239}+IXރ;j/@uP?g6 -t[~6Ayr[U==XX8XYÊSkQrA}9x?b[@Qjl7~ܖa/6 MR9A* ͓q-q2e9qϩ*޲2x1\w O7Z\bo$h }%;B?7韅K mp/6c mŸ9m lی, 'wk/[3_t'Jbzۃ:w1x{уxQL^=n܅2sˁ o Ke=@7`[ vv{];:x{E7=ر霾M5UnWLM%<@ $<@yjzJؚ@ \qMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:39  b   Z@R Z (16 20 /h 1 9 {Sx ]EO14:QP ޴`P @$ Dfh"$ҊÂgFQpfEATEԑQ泸0/hD1Z{TNn{Oroz8u$i]In$'1'$2븷$IW܉]/K]N,-u$ Nh]G'sIEzjJwh9^xxLkq>h}opf?Jx܉R4\]=Y_{A"n+<5cā[г7iޢ{3[ =i#Q\2%/Гܺf)wX /硞d + ezk~:in=;,&ɚ}^|pOd^rLNޕJ> \(tf<3R{R)fr"9稯oOnɺаȗ "{[ {,yfNYF"WiԺ~v"5fh&o҆Z4ЇZM 9u{o|qlCz1?SX)<9٫`&/3V)U&\IBiu+ΩWw_9>$3xŔ^_X\^v_{ں]n]Z2]ыv 4ݸqzMr"܈^mCzcT/o,GWh'Ϛd?rmZ+udYt]73Oi?_W_ |ך{h$Kz2}.Cf)<8r<%\fB;wk^/BPRfO5U--?ѽo>_e\^ F|vw$F>* Fͯ3vIzXz6-Fwi%I^+LK 4SZg.pM)̴_=cqXve]3|vOwq>AOn4z'>1z Z`|F㮙|gLJ"*|ai_0oIm{%I_dx 7N}Wjn͵:<E8 rR|a?n<[NEklʦNk^(3[:H^.ɋٸy룢L^n4oc$cO TyiSg>;ڪr>5Jܔk3z6풞y8]㲄r!?&܈1~$\=kٗ*[sx`5 /镱=Zk_1_}+ b{$wM|o[oMo/-c BXb XB-~o#x XɳfX>|=-L3Z{+]TTꞪ3{t2s m gq{D!%br ͝yg U!CoZ8G!߂ QIhߊI^V77N}_Ёs-xM\-;(/b-+eJ3z {k9zMOto|Zg~66?!_Y.v2;uI>k"(1\3Xp>7)g ihd^}\)7|#ûS[ ^X.: \ikcܮ|a?N1|x١|_#7Ccf)>WG;dVDwΕZ4>hӭ+K\9r̞duQ"!ߌ#MϋJ}U^}qNc NBQs/d|t2}(;5U'wR&5jT/wO=3#sЌȞ 3_^<cNk[)8˒ܯ2}o6 Rb&t>`z3T!g#}{!?;_i'¿)vHV8amÒ>G YOeO-rm#mlh78%+Jz+ kK'b>~UJvx-,wl 顬X`Sn0|g@극r[{^Mqwn_HKݬG&s|Pv+D W͜t7ΓhnF[fnyխWxgWޝxw3ӽitohgz_?2Bݛ2zhu/u}זfkۜ^ٞl2 C77[[WPsVm3]GJWvփ}WtM]ݵl}zZ1Dwf~t@JuSjh΅E4N4 a;+J٪n%F$c:'gȉdOU[@qo}*;G+įn:^" : 9mI o Q9e3{&:g{i4:g;i\m'͛:gl7i7xUuNT_ߏ2yn̜\ uΓD/A0fGe[4˖IݽľMuO2IȯW_g8N{/j,=ZynjNn2-}޿}^;m?e!{pFU;2{ۭ|sq?>_)z יzҘf{Y_|a`0Å|?VZί 𞓿["|Eh\'V=|ݝp>R~-{8'+u!7We32jFg:-ߑ6;޺4Wƶ;!< wm;ۡ; nKtwp})} 㤽4yݩ4j͝yНګVD){[.`EӠ\$%څl;ߧc?:10BW\TԆfpSF'dTGm'܈;KM/|55Ls2}.CfSyխ!UeVߦsԯaY+]7%`߳)|`֯Wd꿬Z'&+g}qF {ݨ8tXۆڣzWtj(Wø1 n =qwߟU?dFn-O gۊ^$z}j}-'C~SRGohyQ*ޠy$%4SܴS(IC6s Ky`RI~,t~Q~:a>! gQ :P[a7]&1f(:Y򹼼u.Z.Brtե -iwtiڹ^}IYK#o={۝NE=Yx4}* ˑbYV`'8G );BS 9Ͻhn 5]EŲrr㐱6/hrs> mWBt=V6=9Ԣ씼?4!VeZW߿ m,4<0+d!)85^.ut xu>p 6ː˸\6ﴰfОߍF?Rq҈;nбzwNVh7̌G(C,I떕3^~^}{\ʠ3:%t?Cgl˖i>/8 :L6sNWiH6Gg|_@/Hi9TJ'CeW-_)y5Ȋ24d02&RZ>z鋦/Ruh|i -^Xer7gl̷(u?.Wzht+ Mo ZZxG r<.r|iz9Yjr+g#=㊃O7Wi{f͸å2}_>IVYt[D [SdԆ;^ʚRMоS\ށN*~1!L!?cA-;T|"9k;Wmz|3TJk/{{;Gp9c)m硞d ս^x˄s&g?%\x|{1M+բAA5/5\c'[巠teWqRt%X|kAVg^kL[M/~Qp~{Ӌr<$܈^yyX^旘8~k{arZrN:LeM۪k8:DNn=auͯ*N/ʅp#zODå07o\nۂ?diMkD,[M'|]}փcw&oNޕܖ-=|uD~NGal]Ӧ^nY&k;2U_n2Y毿'OJ#nRf.kAYo[q9Wij_gSuaHH.9ѺhE tOsdT?n^zdWRN^IZ$KTOCj:|KtJ N5CiN݃rwB:wASSNh|r}³JNeya9R 7S.9 8:UQUqd,_ [%d-2ad/Yim|k mow,~X=$+I /+毨_e{D.8~WT{}Uї`aO- g.Ҹ!.t\ɸ@$ab3,: uQ09);Y6y\~.#n/wE qcdZk5Ǚ'};ܴ:quujDoɉR9g#v?_u=;u?S$~ov̩^93|]h[?k':3TEGّz3ڻ7g#ugb>-|Zћ}rnV\Fy7!Op?ot 9e|{BąPGX _3gse^aʥw7S6&K_Os~rnrT֔#zr=]=3n|]rzd:>y} ˑbY9 C` o-{ICNNyJ;DOk7/gWr56]FsU LnҨ UL Y~}&g9yOpyA޺ERx\e\o[~|/Zk&`B/ yf>'&lIv'FőwPp{m!m^ nVv#}+ e~H:q^W\(盡|PZ7-7C!o<64T rrLf5?ӵdxG[kl4L ɵw MIq_'rGE*wFU!-;w?O 6sFL/hjͯ WdEkU׉}Te.6]+sM;d_**-rl~O+̇XkB[9Ed;'&1fqSCڥwY^[<\et%86++/ɸ@7µi}}1zszїF/G4pS.kѫ8*>_:b<=~+-hȿmۼP\ Yg3?ā't<% kW7lS]?e;\W4< ÿ,y맄}d~Ig;c7S6~0gODdXtMׅS g۱.lc;ou>mڽ~r4xmy&oﭾCHPP^ **@GczOQjQz}h}F|G!=-.*f`N^ W naya9R nQOx@@aQ =5 P$w7+q|P7h{2uY`#KcD.񖳤S9NÏk=0&aXXxv:=upIP.sx뗌1)x/5qϵClrzN(: XɑF^l'}2 5C`E3K ΩlM{/goK,/,Ga2RO\@EYN9x e)ԏl~eeO;-4?%'k-hl(ǭ^HU͕;CKd{}H1|VB} \@ p_iФHpӈE{k}%m4D}_P4Uk>SBQh"Qe/ҀhxK|mD֫zLR%!<N_Ez6pxQIצ$MSꧧ~9xąnr\rXj!\#pq.C9׏ "_,izzgpOPݗxHp8<1ZOkqC5zkƾ5#kVzF5c2kU?kF\֌5#2$C72uF ?м;^ľU2^=׊"H~Z]$r;5d1rAR~D  ȟ3Nm*$Yy:ufbc2y+GizA>uE?7"-^S]Cs~!5[k='m|rB?k?[,dᄚٕ)a2znIK}Kݎgs;׼xI2%޹l]?4i)vLHÔ~lq,Gh҉ ῺN+.a:tֿa:tabaya7 7,O8L7?wݿ&+7?Tfu'bsh8_1vs|uFI ry!"G`kUPOveg}yrK妠-ՐT|sYNAIܾ[y\~^/Stӏ jbY Wu†Iv:}8HwANw aT$mާz{`ႠM;>mv;bt-S=:AäR66aӇpl9tmv!ĉNw\skOӍ8$u4eNM<^uS_R)LM$Yo)pg^,W@czv$佩;=oS+(mpi{ư{* Yћ7\Z'ǴԷ]nɏT$w6uRF}JS ^B)]]ɽ0:'_>~B:L}g'f}kirE˺.I.MݥGF}>~EB}|T}[>>GF}@foxԨ cF-Iuqrd^Бt\q:Gּ~Ao4eu ҦqjrBvɲ[(bw'{eu$azw~ãx4mlGF}KyϏd/Ve-Qr?ԡ}Ө/Wо4⭞/K~WK#)= =7 8敜bDԄk+I98F_=i1;ܗ&,YݞVdx&TйQqRqwz$Nt,~OeԨ S.n;$_#>nKmݿԧ+ԷKeOݝDF+̿^N{I5_QU}߉Gcݶ%2cicYbc=ϡ.Mlx8YtFl%tK'o ȆFejf+rRsޣ ֓r/,/4Ka)-{@Bn_Z_p(mN]ז3dIp3` p -1'T$nXǮJg}:oumy6y$ojFlX[ͅSTb 5n;vcڜo6_}| /4a\"{""(Y)/pf#-r+hŸ&)C%)c;TKn%F-PѼYZImprrCwiy2rͪ7骥{ t]n1w*We!Qݿ{CuE{~7|+cu]FIҏ;ݛ!GL&ߔ1Lq^L{ǸJ;{;:82iSdGf4Cq}6vNmda<>*y|_hLs9 ǤA75>ј4yZi;,7ĹBZc:UE8c-+{K[7ni[M|%k5ҀK9Swg*z;:U6m~>/z~R}נ߮> ߳.zrC7_0?Lf.Tpk?N`ܴ;rCsH/ܩ2$ y'sCu 3'y⮾1)#4V)~Fu/%;rf̄oPnX֜2d=y퓭X^Xî(C9N0o& }Ȇ&s"+qP2kNLՋwkӷ#W) Y$ _"\DvK_I#]L]]gp{AWT/>d?kbŧ&h_f~6ZC*Ra?Ǐ ag[HId&~s}6}V&^}qtoFN|.Vgsբ\]% 9QWkBj뛁ݬ 6jIP[2@B}1Ϛ"WBިVȯkq@Bߏ͗СG%MDJX)v3H3]*%mC_EeĜsb5a3AMA Xϙ1C>dk\ݦXU%zgLzt>h>i7XpƙbکHߵAE}c.51g弗T25IO1nd~qj-("",| {n7EYzBnlfu2jb(7,ο O*5%5:OYԾUuncV Qn͌-،!er=wXM%F,u;sW*Pw(z[0zɵJ LcFZ5G.#z^}uי(A&xwRyWd( I-wG^ҟNY෎{fRV3?_35_+ۣfnnoVx>2$8`0s(^Dw烺gFb^ Is2ۙ3;2_39TJnGGr=0=w$[}u`<}R0|'TgLIL.4V` oA揄7;9o/6y7$rڜ̳;{nv6/C쿉X^}I>wׁ4SS798-gdG-WaN-?u]gGws5?Ë6yO8>?n~,Go;_mv/`7!y{wb8H3p0sH d 쯧jG'm WA4]Pkup4umڭ UR TCUW ]AfSEYZ#aTpT쯤9q+qT|i {:Lw"Gbɱ] 8_5XV!!x|WygTA[K =q5}=w5_߇ѫˮ8WlpC// >Zc6g!UC EF~3ۘ|z]Fp.gNmXNw^g~oƞqwbȩ_UPί n7ꉥ]Ҿ1 lPp -ofEz]me{rݿ@hA/\Q>ff@> ӹK|; ZDkmrX>V?ecku%(m@uW?׎>]~쫬'\Ý;yjwc9}y;{:w>ؿkGõsvBpGXy$N}#{JX?{;}?J۟ٻק?i H3fGa$'Q:4i  ?Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:39  & "  X;z& & (169 29 / & 1MJ2 0 {3x Uŕw ۈ > ZE#C=_Ft헯n'Zc/\6scO-91n刹X-nHgֹq_iY]q*0A)o:Ua{-pS]H GaҁI.۲5:6i{΍ۺbOtEW۲b:59INQ4SЮJP$x!ShTpG]݂Wt%N X ۪,C;(۔GR&&\pF TBM6huk |Ga`xvԓj#;WmWUGRV$qP/*!`~C2! O<ğǥC)<Oגqo" .U"4# Nk'Jd~3uT654{T*iYr{EU돍8 sY7 膓VJekS˚Z? 6iѨPݜUޘ@޴jx=w(StV+&/Ӊ"ڵpH6tFYfQߦyjךɋ&-y$j#@f!MO=)x֔pk pA>\ck p15|ƀxn?a Lቇf ",O<ğCD_}C_97TOmO<,f1k3nq_D͹w?>Gz{gɻ `zvA&4 98<8[`ʦӯg[ާ @m~z]!@fk HPN?< r{v+_+g?;nT*w_}m.9p+IN O;n`ƻ;n<}'SZ~ԅ>x0M<]ӇKӇkӇ){|Ml6MVn> 1%;P㵅،u5':M)" >-`XKűYUxK^YsaG G}9P̿bT])CޥEG~ñ?ЦF#c5\.V~$l:zÚe4>L#kD>ުN5o?6]]ڦ뢫c׹r}C>>>>=>>Gr}Eջqj櫢͟ )G^ߢ0];@K2cP/ZMpZmozM+Y'aa[Ln)ח4cX6ؗrkUkP[[ݗ<}[n'QZ6,6!VvMKd.Í?ua׺ϪϫoO 7bX`a?lZojZȞ]"(bD;?ߑ|iXF2sK 91K|pSmꏿ . [:qӕ8Aido Ե4' |Uuehv4MwcHiӂ1 T]&]GK1E*Yy*{xGRa؇?Z0D7߇-Ź7DN~X]՟um٧ÝI}oO9LV}[v\X 4 vW Ti[F]->SFقi<ܬK?MGPnuj'/21/+ &tIwb43N?*OʠO4#%Jsd~#7΢W3_eb=(MΓf\Z>s] ?.ZV*(๽#}~ӊow gWnʕt~IWu5"ZetewWl2qO2IG p=;q ɕ{禬/i1C:8]S"6*J.jhF>Z=ijw:lkP?}qްmۅLhJ!19m|h3 ~fh'04  S2Qa 6yEJ.CΧ F`ф1z\)hloFt?> :&..swW1/݂1np&z/D6atՌO5Pm}Zy5>-cԶp@Kz::k|.$n|^vxkߪu j*[l1{O+cecoR<'o8t?k1k# zmmspJ(3Z$MI< |ެzxiܰ>&wSї PzB,:Ǐip7V#B t; ZINT\2B< p5`6c,Vu9v3˶eZISc2KN,{=C8͕p]eR\saS8O e61fms=9, /)kWMYMaŮm{(|.i9] Y:>8 C0>4G+Sސ/zƼSyQ'Q_RɧO~^mny+!V+K.:4sQ+=8Jݴ}I9)Sw -~ux}K@:`p' Za>ηEk-S"Ӟ9o$o>:찒NjNt :9z$wԏn 7kv 4'haKhpU[:UbN]WJCףg_PjW 6 =%8XNQ^'_c)e`/ze>ֽ+5:~ Ƀs)nE>ǩxh_C?(K>1f<ɏqi!pzR|/Ӆ ž38&}ڸBf? 0rkn-Emx\nW%hS\>eX_Ru  @~z #l|x{CN^3o`tsK6 2b_56Wsue6[f^ŖFil[cSnfx9Y^y#;&6H:iGhû%Y6=t\i ٬|A'gV0#:0JDj ۾ m >|۬ݓKپ tM'} }S},/>/~7TMQWK &1Xquh<ҘKYcopǧ?Vۦc< h+*$qD8Jlajښq%G|?GO͏Kw_G| =*KCMW>?kٚt$+sS>JG_nd3vWO 8K\|R0A;*U/kJ>>6?k%M|FNŒM𤡷].Oy(p' |oӄZ}Ai?7a,;}b1>ܥn4O'=ُߏ_=ߒߢK Jv*<i=ǞyJ0v=Y=etW͞ ~#֋P^Z=}BI5(ú2D`W= -!dK{fOFbd7{Vs]NԄZ^9Z_X㮛v}:\\ecG]wӺvtx]%Ut$f,nLp:>ֱ[L?YB?.C>qH=N>¡O>D y$?잡kp掄׏GgvҲx'sc>mt|Ҩu+F%sE(zApOW2r/pOo~~ʕ|>3]Q/eXۜn[z%S0vCj1z k|v309IŲ"*^8  BC~xF;?y%^,UPoΪy]#2OI'~ܽd : ]Ejzʷ@8 슌Ѭ|u;7Uc6, q5ךTpnӆm4=ߪn\~@'8䭶qM;E= R8h 7Jp݂UbVۤL9~M=ǝѳ߸o}^ToO@gȇO^H#x098+ilR?F6m"06G&,wf}Mבupz<{W]M0s¡w-2K=:do-6MܫվchĻ Khߚs4ʅ:xh-]_%^|ig{g)+~O~\3rg>C`K|,̇2ٲ|s5U̇b:۴3=g` J){;'mOÞbeS;POӸ-5>Dl>>(:sFxG- nq+}s+SށOL@ a|㬨{:=VaCz1JKca/):[㕖ů'۠Qx.;l\,ErF#wVyX `g<GƓ׼$`W?6MAuxh]At?r%m^.S)sm޹J+uֺ3GRSsU96o==kwj\r&'`HktgrۀQlS[ ݲlGGWE)grKgr-[s&G.grwH:\F0Kj@cW/&$3*p㕦9&3T{NgqX(|5u(=GlH#\IY Nfȏ>ӫfP=lzIi3 PݽfFf fΗl}Wr]Zm36H:^0%]Ͱ m3fhR>lWϰ2U#ݖ?ʒW5}F^+KΰܑgX_4 J ΒVznIiBy]˿%j,5?1{~Q._b7K^Rzn.~؈,yUjU]g+{G.q!r® ^aⰒzyn.h? ;~8{ڊdf y:xF@]| UO} 8{֜'_™4VB\%\{m؜G̻>'g> ~K37B޴)N۹@sϰkϫګ~{F=N^UQ)$ŭX ̭ӕ aھ:#w^z[K~MtH:ޡqaӞk@OTp#E#K..;xi-7^8Qr!C>k\rkU-hݞQ.=lL}Iw^|tr ]8h'ICC(mnNNǶx$y|WQAf I׉/fEMub$WyTGZ=)Cnxö3c#ölYm@M;>O8}@I?K65ћ:~j^,+C^ӄS3Zr  ~ޜAn5OTr^ -/dg95m/GqM;b\h7'zzoT[:|W[ÞyQol;keo+ƪnt/vlu6x.k{:py|& G?koѵc<9ġ@i8:S<~o`쭴J2*A)'|m8(lQK<}Ako~yH3$*p]!]hYvKe/tG:6\g?|/~vߴJ{-Vϳm9y[ߓ\YjO><&ٮxܫ=˞8vXk3kI;4F-R1%p. l 찴Z݂%AЧ-o!w{׭C=k;Rt{t={Ʃ^A)oV{AKL|C"RfتZhSzR|צ6 ~n۰?᷵l}"C[ s|m@w1lm #x|3]?8Gf0>@4¾:nm`ɕgir|`;ݶԿ*xA֙p`Edw#]ɪδfÖyɶRC|5/Ƴ]gYJϚ^Vm6=;<ͫDɫKky~MP@(L,U=:i=6ߣt{O˽cy{ +L{tyU~;TvDa~%+K^yO{KccxF^"Yv~+Ξ_ 95 %L{ŕyU2xGVE߫_F7:5zttlQwlcYϼ";Q[~tuӎvc=Pޭsmon ]u+=t> @}WUmhp U:;Im|7fF_x2,.%h;Mw0+(W5]\,- W^V^&m(K;gMq&\Cʸ.c4r? |[a`xLB;ɇc)M5DsaKs=ɏ2b)h O<Ŀ;''nՂ_q/o-}B;u|[dׂO;%|2?ʍy:#4{S]%9dE,RZؓ/9"U4 /NxGDFwe? 6i:nF7E&{4Io_-wZKKC4mek6]mkĜrX a[ `s ʦeoW[&66j˝ ԖmQ{(0>qyp^gW߾&?>>͌~@tzt,U׉o"|6q\ӅM _ ^#zu>~CxxvxE7fΕTP%#㊦蹦MFO~OC\>ޤ ywr|[ ubGѴq[h~1SKH}]PN.c$ ԇc4b_lÔB5h_loSEsARn |"Ba|lFcҖZ]%YǎK#:6ZpXl>kygReGS\ & [:2pӕȝt ?@hb&uEi1Mӝ{_ɗWh+*$.훠{6H#N]}7]Yy*{hP:+w̘Yu|sD/YjR!۞ҶTZ؈6[p5^%Sjܞ%WE&=i? 4hpB.imhퟘA LoiUAs|nUگAiOTARkU)$?M(ɼRHdW M,w OA=7yQLlL|lR9͟yV*6v{M-gcksZӊޭWK]Y,]ermIۆZE:ۿW{, =XO\ߓ>ޫDy'tea=ElJ.x^ T4cC h}qްmE ?T |Dߐl@bw\~-C}N2?ϬR4M-yX9*0u7X>rܷw;dW.9ivhMEt{Ggzt BǸRbg4Iw:I3r-](~'Ou-/3ʍ|.wV7F' N8UdP.aR(l=؛1[.?=.Rj^~n̷߱pm桲lڶ.\Pglk[<N[k~ik(cF8U6^S}q|T0vtY:~V2sa^)¶mˢ )aeK;w H, 4b^t}?fCN]3vf up7_ 6П59j|I~2ߑwXtbI5y͹J}AiE|NqOy2Ɔ IHOo/i&>i ަ8qv-~pOS)<2ucvg}Oai3yO a2>5鏆bQLa>8]8>W~)镦=/0/hz/.t}x^C7+I𐰪O>oq!M/}'o-ӸSp S=7V]ODRG>dJOw-2,nay~plZO| N߄˶(0WֈkRrF~I;.9.X3Ы(;YOW{\ы:f ^lCuxQ$ձR>z98LuП)G]1.M}.Ѡ/wOեL=?<09B}j= {7rHۂ|,,! 42 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 0,1 0,2 0,4 0,7 0,8 0,9 04.04.04 08.08.04 16.16.4 Ðèñ. 2. Ãðàôèê çàâèñèìîñòè m k (â ëîãàðèôìè÷åñêîì ìàñøòàáå) îò âåðîÿòíîñòè öâåòîâî- ãî ïåðåïàäà p, m è n (4 – 16) äëÿ max L = 4 5. Âûâîäû Àíàëèç ãðàôèêîâ íà ðèñ. 1–4 ïîêàçûâàåò: 1. Ãðàôèêè çàâèñèìîñòè m k îò âåðîÿòíîñòè öâåòîâîãî ïåðåïàäà p ïðåäñòàâëÿ- þò ñîáîé èçîãíóòûå ëèíèè ñ ìàêñèìàëüíûìè çíà÷åíèÿìè íà êîíöàõ (äëÿ âåðîÿò- íîñòè öâåòîâîãî ïåðåïàäà 1 . 0 p  êîýôôèöèåíò ñæàòèÿ ðàâåí 250 k m  è äëÿ âåðîÿòíîñòè öâåòîâîãî ïåðåïàäà 9 . 0 p  êîýôôèöèåíò ñæàòèÿ 23 k m  ). Ìèíè- ìàëüíûå çíà÷åíèÿ êîýôôèöèåíòà ñæàòèÿ 14 k m  ñîîòâåòñòâóþò âåðîÿòíîñòÿì öâåòîâîãî ïåðåïàäà â îáëàñòè 7 . 0 p 5 . 0   . Ýòî îáúÿñíÿåòñÿ òåì, ÷òî äëÿ íåáîëü- øèõ çíà÷åíèé âåðîÿòíîñòè öâåòîâîãî ïåðåïàäà è äëÿ îãðàíè÷åííûõ çíà÷åíèé max L ðåçêî óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ êîëè÷åñòâî äëèí ñåðèé, ðàâíûõ max L   max ij L   , ò.å. ðàñïðåäåëåíèå   áóäåò èìåòü ðåçêî âûðàæåííûé õàðàêòåð. Ïðè ýòîì çíà÷åíèå ýíòðîïèè N E óìåíüøàåòñÿ (óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ êîýôôèöèåíò ñæàòèÿ m k ) ïî ìåðå óâåëè÷åíèÿ ñòåïåíè íåðàâíîìåðíîñòè   . Äëÿ áîëüøèõ çíà÷åíèé âåðîÿòíîñòè p öâåòîâîãî ïåðåïàäà íåðàâíîìåðíîñòü ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ îñíîâàíèé   ïîëèàäè÷åñ- êèõ ÷èñåë îáóñëîâëåíà áîëüøîé âåðîÿòíîñòüþ ïîÿâëåíèÿ íåáîëüøèõ äëèí ñåðèé   1 ij   . 1 10 100 1000 10000 0,1 0,2 0,4 0,7 0,8 0,9 08.04.08 08.08.08 Ðèñ. 3. Ãðàôèê çàâèñèìîñòè m k (â ëîãàðèôìè÷åñêîì ìàñøòàáå) îò âåðîÿòíîñòè öâåòîâî- ãî ïåðåïàäà p è m (4 – 8) äëÿ max L = 8 è n = 8 xW}HU׻%l[5HDL4bnNgs.IE6[#hE[4FjMSբZX3hpU8GǨ^x xZT)>TدѭEzǠAθgD+iPF{lG8|؀jbHSoG5Lj?,KfRRRp?w=pXm~xW];?x=e3z|FϣvpX/ë.O`뜡 &U)x[iحG>"UExJ%!>|38>y\Kǖ%XK3*1z=}8j:{LoĆ8tS%I>d +f=\f.2T0g1ƿL6Ӻf5.2wwQۓ-@lt(8V6}M%VP93JZ[[^3~iU~zMAAao]ͪ P ٵ`T ~"*$9_M/H<Uplacq U_G|XE&W)$Z E+#x91b3igw:EDo%˺Fi#{zd,z<:CNK}@ S;Y3z{x$-#[4VYkC"RqٰwMJ*^*OOTŌi3׈.R/<_ciwU@RsGE)%nviёZ^Uդ,R/g|zAGW˔tVDK8I+IkepѶ+ s% )1xx1TV} F07C?me>qc;ߗ7&os߀B+;ZkDB-Gu2+`(I?̺L>Ĝ7{?'z[·;L=bL{X=?gqF =/s3}fN^^-[z6.n݌B:m o3-C1S"H"D _'1@$'"xMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:39  @r :  o70r 8r (16 2 /' Fr 1wn| {cxUUEҫ҅i$Ͻ) +Ы$^K(TSN&3lI66R͌dD応|Bs}޿sݜ}9s ]]]D_NǕ,Vk2(c/5#^G7.NDc {\J wn+4Nt ]Er6E BHXԭ%LQPq Nsbό8p .|ݹM'_=uI }iw~ѡ'3lҔac8STp| :?G0Hac[c+qpg@t WX]ppSFtRڶ6olf}xG_97qxC[628(+Q.).ы9 ?Ƞ3OfЙ>#mu‹rVXWЗRUE:~P?*x=K&TPB<;PtևˣkJ`ED7͇n- us^C)BE7^|ts1B u_Tq٥ZݼPuMBt0O7ef_9_"+ NQ^n-h\TVFE{>mFwOI^^P+z&SlsV9U+<- U\ʭUe'= 2# N?ܾ G桮 x^ôxwݓ 7]ӴbChXgU\D~QWп `mՄBO օ~X.]ТWYW :h{-0pϞUk[g"F7Xo\]?Ƀm#ʵ]%dI)fE]?kWKtߖiKFxZ9wXԮb$Zen[[{ hx Qe Vu-Yhn\.͌>s]#*s5g|a'(gp%v7=Gc=;E0k %8M0]('.iz>;}ԖnI],ڍeļ/LlVJD6ʎyF>̽P^ɓ@^Y9xsjSݾf!zgQT|"k}yؼecdNxṆa=]OKfߺssoG>:Ek[ SS:4gS9L; رző(ɋ˥-/d#]v&/q ϯ}_Z)Kl˃r*W2,LсmG/vt-Xk_͇_}!Ot o$:']啻/3oZ ?aУhuӀmKݱ }'jxSks@mֵf~JvO #Dr/h1&mֽNjIoW>4'u  =ߔ}`|n|OB|0 }gWb/܏b\;0~'ޮS=-(G4m!!eỮݫqAη |[4UPwbإ&U6eA;oÎOR+ҿrr)S)Gop ݨ!k(T_'wlsMkR/rSs'njn rAfto>&]hWv})ۯlmӏrH$u+{,UfAd_m$dr6vzm% )KsmQؿ"8<\eGi)@~·ŗۚVج%Wr{sT`,Ȟti<.cT+V_?Uqo07!p5` 5ͮXoj78Mtsupᜪ|kK6{a_l6 $}mH6];]698lv;t(X+NVy2[ݴtq)]e~Gzel=^T$(gpvdsbTt]dԿ<(s=izy-E ūϝ>sLs}Z_N"OGBwHhv$uM}GoxN)x4&%Kp*!/?wZLο$7D]iwtxB_F?/g_;l[L^XǸ,ulm ÐC޵*xKgs?g\!xm?<iy۪lsO`_l|3-ʍiqq֙RgZ\n|PnⅦԷЦ-T`-Yʱ6^XδX^Lh [/c[P {-llPWwtoZo -[pC^-+39_>yoϔn8¾_K_^؎dӕyRh`w%'oBt\w)/~S8̄9sϻl$ⶵsUm'ӭS>nl0A2~ˁ7]ף]Sơe}w?Y O|+o ' o>'޾/pXo)SvjwVR\S}ز?}dž|cC_E^AsɾN~eӬ 4|ж4^j/!᠁-d/ 닀fw«^@{S0_{{Ҕ'-2W XC[_y I ,} QBaʯE˂oG+BLH/yŪM|H=ߣߣH\󾱭!%`"a_ _`{a;MWB;_ణ5<;\8NcrrN_:Vl(DNyC69}or*{S{kۋoo`;M>ηv} AL CʻmLnt)3ҦOiD2t_h!r>D,DGa<>!uOcxQ)D{QI>q.UV8WDLJ> C/CP ه }} ۑlRbKUyC<)ܸ%ot`g*f%d˿HțX?Y76Ǿ 2VPic߱om)O};MqhiG6LM@yuis^ih`Aޯ:?.]-wpoP^}pٷn o6R̪>vߡO˅@9+Qwh\Nr}^=7Od}c5>MKLѷy5ɒOk'rsonw|Ʉ}Wc>>H6]utZ|KޚeץKv7ܩ<'_?K )!\ Xt'AOSնnf{`#!=?qu>AioS炻@yz+ |)[jBOq7]yo[V? <'{ARނySILE?EB" r`2ΰ:`H6]6wW66Sf Ǚ69}E_ʛR&Q;5aYƚ|-%(uHϾoS^T 61pVU` x@P4.%}(% ]h74ByhT?ݒόA&B(QWQQRϼyRև;`nH6]r$ R8 Tҿ;36H3i0||&L~O*豷py+]~#)؏pmu3wV7~ۤ(s#J爿0EY ~eX Z3-3 E=I߿ho`֪W6]sl ma{0GpOނC)_(Oc +R^gߞ=|?dh%}0+a XySF7N^˞LP>C^W /Sd3< 2Q_ORosoכJ/x7w%}ǘ|bG<<Ӕǿ|-M\Ag^8I,!4]K!yƦz8Q!I!ʛ<9rK2)D zj"o%66ɪKe%߸-KUvS>YO !/%{ / ihYv~P7e7.kPyG]hx)O3}dSiCYoay ֽsy#3rg;[e%e٢9qٵE[Ukmh<D7ٛw {W:EtWO[% [ _K3OJ\MqW5qO+&:o:%W S[ ]2|;T^.z=R^^Y]}qd|7R)ːo>s?(ǧ:>"~mR>I58ǩ[!q-s\v<;G)\7w7^pƶZOPſWu]Ccfr'P; a^ ?)0уR|aM0GMƻ3x!a}!!t-Ÿ*ћ<~PsZ ~puvv .ԯ*kwZ~OGo:o~Fx_^b_PjAEzvXΊ(U핼Z@M?κyV¡C]-}com޲%_hԵ=ږ>wMѲ|/lz2L×;5Q#$ߊ}Waw,Zeǣ_Y;k˴%SVN[B;v,NM+GE6_lM>{C&U{|orcplNCk )Vl՝hՄk+jޕ 9>߻6>|ZƇOpg˯m5.zuWH|K#Ŷ>ږi]vI)%>Mï>zXN@^ C⚭ M&?W׉Vgehߎ44Mw/;5 zd^s2 Uc_ /)'.>?C`Ma T]'*(orsۀ:Qeb}q͆iM@dت'o!ܡu ?ܐ Ҝ <wϗ/:nup>I WVI.ugȞU44ݾ=_)3 ]bcn=,x,kO <~=sEilKi'Z<,Vv>!g? 䝝?P8Pm:§tf2S#;S!8߉<k2뫸タ>{g,^HBS.S>瓲I=s_2BWY)ǺگTp| :?>t bǶ̏\xbn{ײ\?"=zRbᾧ"D'mnƖhFڇz~4Gu~7%!mV.m];ޗ| ?"X K16B^&C^:e>7{*b?X&Gu!$cgLǤqC+kA:A+{Ҵ~$ۇqyQy|Yz`&<@ |yѐ9zh}7(ZPR$BWRO}L-9k$髴q:S#݇?oAǼϮY;jyMSy]*-9ūTrc!wXVktΝ{*I1[c[Gpмw}wwHMlW\es]0^0PP0^؎~8Ggv }R} UFF>s-WfA].Y|+ÿ|'&; kѪ_4){w_ O[|3as4Vmf^l1̸ıێ!'(G-9MC|@]ʹ8ͽy8Oo:OUv_ʄkcоg)yijKh:-(]y/#wWZ!XyyI7NkqE?ܿ+]%|<i7K XcV 9:^ZB=D'DW1s/8x _?t) !d5H4=g@B`хWcfyT}V}]ZGXI{hs~VR|A9`-2lU߬Oz،pM*|o-Eۿm]O{\7ʫmyum:2f]ђSj{W\kߛs@\>K_&/nq'wA(CMkI{o Yo|d|]0^0PPhZ 6}o>Ӗx H} vܾݏ>gS?X]Qڃ+DC sRV_ۗ}ͱ?Jh4k&~[ޯy?&4Я(:g םZvǯ%į%kѽx"ts&o^>(J}\pCת@z =.|^o_R}r7ϼ|}P8^z6?W'3C}b]$ClqB^) %P|7SyS;쬰'*Kw,SA3e]2HpޏMԸ(|B`_ʛ%>VyuKYK-GkqL:@{OK1&j"8WHt(Cuߠ]@4\lyҔ,k~ط󷈿~N!u~?,3 }=zaɹYzʈu}q-EɁL GL~H6=Jm)燵 ^a(Kg'zP{6r:ՙ%/th`//ߝӳ5j[S_0E ?)]q`?a7/ }אpY|hkt /֑oum#7NY^Ѻ=f|Dr5(>TG ;Vru.UDt)P={%g]wթva{9J~/cF^MwRTRGP/5ҽ`=ܡ(7]/U'\ uFrZ9Ps/zjk -Wdly]>>ǰW(_U]YP^ݏVW=* ۑlzxmanW_U4\9F@{?Z.i}sow\!\<1^A|.=#: ėY{yx;=;Nml!N/ pio0M2#4ɧbzuB?ga2ۋ>*祑 r %>*#'#|G ^fqO6o rw%oS7 ݒ1'(Us (g"Kt\ZCGi┅ҧ,8hddn"o~vF;[u%w $UZTAyA w(X+y<ƚW@9)k]亄,&>2M-BʃG=iafz^vɃFX<輮*,̧RuW^dU40>m0H N9ӥ>-TȘsk\g^e?ۇQ-%mU]tM[O_,wjg.w4š'uߛީ2 )H}}v7B_{zYVr`o:%ɵ>۱\/S h${ |sʁzX^᳝5! YvC6x#ێ{fW~{8{e0=ۡ_z30YA굫?!۳<Ć;.}>CoF65~ 0}T!:OpW(o:g)}o%_ yNJlcJq3|Cqg<{ G8/k~*qhюghx|Z$t]@8@ZR>e~)u#%) Kۿ:˃[(+u|oÿlp@0J0i>Fx֧iB|X^ӔWRn \'ᔃoɦC])7HGXoߠ~<Ȧc-C_mm3?UmJ}pw(/. r)#j,KF8X6z6фv$f.~38HT~f?><{}v8#m-'.q@?|o4Xk>mϐ_ۢE> [uF7*;'wLF8|9T'#q_/O@W!d3Ҕo`֚KWY,m哊'ԡ=xXg.>dڦVקּP}}.nK}֛g@t7\GPߥy^_ܔ#G4]&Tz3V{Y=}aP3ɳN=~ 8-%Jh+ ۥ<A%œz ߷g7 V+=il Nw  |P }Ax]̂$3g7-=v]w6i19;_D7 ؿw$=(CgЂ}NW8STiKw7M#dlt4BlRv& oWϵc(ZWIgHvsY_(jN{^.o1*%v[W;oe=ċ6w'Iگė$ߖ4q~g9a_G&e}ۯ&M|dO]D|f9|Z{MT!{ڸrIwPEc6%QDr<鄿QѹFou*7VF mIEsP*]W}rH/ʷV=P̛7 {XI*s7.y-x| C~ X)g ;Nj)Ɍc_yc7ǐ)TP!jϚm mn[:]K6kE)D?S˴{^?^2>q84Iup!ɋ7ҷi礐 -ڻ\Nbqj,Y<#<13v΀cbX'w3j, fΎw 87$q㧌ysy2d@I^p~'s;GyycyZҫ't\(ڳY=%"sѿ8D9C f,J0 'Bd/E(Gr=8<'syꃃtA?s#R| A􁹖8Фrlefh<U~`qC?]y|=.=QZ46;u)/ocu2xǃN-xn%t#W -򰓮o˟ y3hĪ8z&.s\V^+,<"ELyC^?!KH[K|w+ʟs|=D^Wt4/agRgmLzRqGc.5l+lRu)?GyvNn_^CH0/A#11^he?,\)i q?u?`LsVf1۸ڤcCIxA)n2qbC{}x12.|xn\G?ׁ2刃kPt|B=RWSS_WQS?UYc=%v>n/oCW_|J=k%|D#xȸIKʙ/ݔq9HS'ɃEԣ}ˁ2$1(,s5.yB6 xKk?sc\H@HC-ӶE@;/h I.B{.ɓ/N㬈坼Kbl8i6ICtG( PO! I9ҬIɔc!Β乪hge8K}X,,43 2. Äëÿ ïîñòîÿííûõ ðàçìåðîâ ìàññèâîâ äëèí ñåðèé   const n m   è âåðîÿòíîñòè öâåòîâîãî ïåðåïàäà 4 . 0 p  çíà÷åíèå êîýôôèöèåíòà ñæàòèÿ m k óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ (äî 30 ðàç) ïî ìåðå óìåíüøåíèÿ ìàêñèìàëüíîé äëèíû ñåðèè max L (îò 32 äî 4). Ýòî âûçâàíî ïîâûøåíèåì ñòåïåíè íåðàâíîìåðíîñòè ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ìàêñèìàëüíûõ âåëè÷èí   â ñòðîêàõ äëèí ñåðèé äëÿ âåðîÿòíîñòè 4 . 0 p  è íåáîëüøèõ çíà÷åíèé max L (ðèñ. 1). Äëÿ âåðîÿòíîñòè öâåòîâîãî ïåðåïàäà 5 . 0 p  çíà÷åíèÿ ìàêñèìàëüíîé äëèíû ñåðèè max L ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå âëèÿþò íà âåëè÷èíó êîýôôèöèåíòà ñæàòèÿ m k . Ýòî îáóñëîâëåíî ñíèæåíèåì çàâèñèìîñòè ñòåïåíè íåðàâíîìåðíîñòè ðàñïðå- äåëåíèÿ îñíîâàíèé   ïîëèàäè÷åñêèõ ÷èñåë îò ìàêñèìàëüíîãî çíà÷åíèÿ äëèíû ñåðèè max L . 3. Äëÿ ôèêñèðîâàííîãî çíà÷åíèÿ ìàêñèìàëüíîé äëèíû ñåðèè max L è âåðîÿòíî- ñòè 8 . 0 p  çíà÷åíèå êîýôôèöèåíòà ñæàòèÿ m k óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ ñ ðîñòîì ðàçìåðîâ ìàññèâîâ äëèí ñåðèé (ðèñ. 2), ÷òî âûçâàíî ñëåäóþùèìè ïðè÷èíàìè: à) Ñ ðîñòîì êîëè÷åñòâà ñòðîê m óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ êîëè÷åñòâî äëèí ñåðèé, äëÿ êîòîðûõ ôîðìèðóåòñÿ ïîëèàäè÷åñêèé êîä, à ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ïîâûøàåòñÿ êîëè÷å- ñòâî èíôîðìàöèè, ïðåäñòàâëÿåìîé îäíèì êîäîâûì ýêâèâàëåíòîì (ðèñ. 3). 1 10 100 1000 10000 0,1 0,2 0,4 0,7 0,8 0,9 04.04.04 08.08.08 16.16.16 Ðèñ. 4. Ãðàôèê çàâèñèìîñòè m k (â ëîãàðèôìè÷åñêîì ìàñøòàáå) îò âåðîÿòíîñòè öâåòîâî- ãî ïåðåïàäà p, m, n è max L (4 – 16) á) Ñ ðîñòîì êîëè÷åñòâà ñòîëáöîâ n â ìàññèâàõ äëèí ñåðèé íàèáîëåå âåðîÿòíûå çíà÷åíèÿ îñíîâàíèé   ïîëèàäè÷åñêèõ ÷èñåë ñìåùàþòñÿ âïðàâî. Ïîýòîìó ïðè ôèêñèðîâàííîì óðîâíå îãðàíè÷åíèé íà çíà÷åíèÿ     max L    íàèáîëüøàÿ ñòå- ïåíü íåðàâíîìåðíîñòè ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ áóäåò ñîîòâåòñòâîâàòü òåì âåëè÷èíàì   , êîòîðûå ôîðìèðîâàëèñü äëÿ áîëüøåãî êîëè÷åñòâà ñòîëáöîâ n. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ìàêñèìàëüíûå çíà÷åíèÿ êîýôôèöèåíòà ñæàòèÿ äëÿ ïîñëåäîâà- òåëüíîñòåé îäèíàêîâûõ ýëåìåíòîâ èçîáðàæåíèÿ â ñðåäíåì íàõîäÿòñÿ â ïðåäåëàõ 250 k 23 m   â çàâèñèìîñòè îò çíà÷åíèé ìàêñèìàëüíîé äëèíû ñåðèè max L , êîëè÷å- ñòâà ñòîëáöîâ n, êîëè÷åñòâà ñòðîê m è êëàññîâ èçîáðàæåíèé îò “ Ôîòî ñ ÈÑÇ ” äî “ Ìíåìîñõåì ” . Ïðè ýòîì íàèáîëüøèå çíà÷åíèÿ êîýôôèöèåíòà ñæàòèÿ m k äîñòèãà- þòñÿ ïðè çíà÷åíèÿõ ïàðàìåòðîâ: 4 L , 8 n m max    äëÿ èñêóññòâåííûõ èçîáðàæå- íèé è 4 L , 16 n m max    äëÿ ñèëüíîíàñûùåííûõ ðåàëèñòè÷åñêèõ èçîáðàæåíèé. Ñïèñîê ëèòåðàòóðà: 1. Øåííîí Ê. Ðàáîòû ïî òåîðèè èíôîðìàöèè è êèáåðíåòèêå. Ì.: Èçä- âî èíîñòð. ëèò., 1963. 793ñ. 2. Êîðîë¸âà Í.À. Îöåíêà ýôôåêòèâíîñòè îáðàáîòêè âèäåîèí- ôîðìàöèè ìåòîäîì äëèí ñåðèé // Ñèñòåìè îáðîáêè ³íôîðìàö³¿. Õàðê³â: ÍÀÍÓ, ÏÀÍÌ, ÕÂÓ. 1999. Âèï. 2(6). Ñ. 181-185. 3. Áàðàííèê Â.Â. Êîðîë¸âà Í.À. Îðãàíèçàöèÿ ìàññèâîâ äëèí ñåðèé äëÿ ïîëèàäè÷åñêîãî êîäèðîâàíèÿ // ÈÓÑÆÒ. 2001. ¹4. Ñ. 20-23. 4. Ïðýòò Ó. Öèôðîâàÿ îáðàáîòêà èçîáðàæåíèé. Ì.: Ìèð, 1982. 790 ñ. Ïîñòóïèëà â ðåäêîëëåãèþ 12.10.2001 Áàðàííèê Âëàäèìèð Âèêòîðîâè÷ , êàíä. òåõí. íàóê, ñîòðóäíèê èíôîðìàöèîííî- âû÷èñëèòåëüíîãî öåíòðà ÕÂÓ. Íàó÷íûå èíòåðåñû: îáðàáîòêà èíôîðìàöèè. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, 61023, Õàðüêîâ, óë. Ñóìñêàÿ, 77/79, òåë. 40-28-47. Êîðîë¸âà Íàòàëüÿ Àíàòîëüåâíà , àñïèðàíò ÕàðÃÀÆÒ. Íàó÷íûå èíòåðåñû: îáðàáîò- êà èíôîðìàöèè. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, 61050, Õàðüêîâ, ïë. Ôåéåðáàõà, 7, òåë. 20-69-61. /xlUǟޖ{[rBJDLlEV&tY%K&1挛H1[PGԶsBBVZicAdS7VfYpn*ɹ(grONoy}O kDnZ" >G!DV<*?sͺߢ1(Dſf*9l>nn Fr*n <O;H3Qe\+εK1R,g\9~:q\'#W:fe2y)Z+KҞ@HO~>/XKlc7crIaJ;k} |t簕s)%GV8+\m$匫<9.{a$,87JL:i2O~)-)[<Y)0#V>zniaF_zFo{kpY,?N=l_6ݔ^7zéػ߆m,`r{ؾ*-`43lR‰ $s5V|p'vs~q~^^`M/z _#ߋ~o\f\h"p;= ս jpze Ϻ@nưG3Ye FGA Wέy $GS. 9Me_$[vXS̔>A*?EJG}mq^9 k@O+ { [P/>GM? =&}ttFs=Y=&&v87{u>%յX =!^>{nisufQmkF?i̹R3+&3zF߁f2)F~*A> yLJ3 J)zA~WN1 ȣIf /f~͞h܂J<| <ෳ4: Vz~[U"]Э:kqoЌQ<"Z/ Ak[٪ZC0(KXܻe#1@#1VHNȷ]kX{%$&wXg}>$#E2 ?݅v,q;/re䭹jKRm].]3g#"<_ ǮWvhuC`u =r#`|>̂rM`'h_7~˙@FSX<_fPW|=ȳ7BdaXvf1g93jlp*gfO^=w#wQTb=\wr|b#h̹8܎ OV(̹]RfV  37 G6gȜƞ/"TyX.pp'zget>tݘMGYrms~!?z-'6Bj"CzN_|:?}z9-P~?.x/P,V{euZ%'48n΂` ρNQZ >yGm]"Y"ZA&gWlXg8.圿slKU>UlH9l_mH.Mӭ6{7Ss'*OB@×@A9|ufpTp'_ǡ~6#i۱QM@{S Yo!V]0 r3߀N? >Y@3*dYO@e_`m+\{C`l+[0X C6p@#p/z,_;GQIk@c!8\\ }A]^:Mc43f|gxTԭqtWbdq߹}'&t?cI܃f4;sS;Y׻SQz]O+;Rٽnxs6wlodӃ+s뾮v&ׇƏG=++Ry+Wvۛ^q6j3<[+칿Yo{ׯFjtMOccwC~1r~{%1~;w~i;w~;pb=;Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:40     C  (16 2 / 1 '{x ^E{8Hy@ŕ!<8XVJX(P ԢK, HmZˮn RTdF6J)E: B zn&LeT9}ӧOBUҖ(mBs}.8?Ct쪜ׄBxBOw~Hxmcp]"|4\jJ_८j:iQFJ~Ïa\'G=fC|pJ'(u)(ՔԨËԒQq4NoS-:ZhXaR^̘p&b+_k=}mLa!CoM>.ϴCǓf2kz.^ng0о0HNvGNZ͕/םólnϭ j{YkØNIoZ8m&Y>};?sFݘeu{E6#z#=pR:] Y?7;aRۄ7ImU^68EQ̦Xc~=/cT:]iZ{\C3؂9ILm%-ȒҾK WՇg:71S_)p_(Oϵ,, ZxGf;vw&::Wb,N苲RQ7t̷l0v=/}=~vC_ސu 8IW(g[UF^bp?:_TXGY*ReTIFpVgtJ}ۿv`Uvqp+g:~B]Jkgv~f<8%O(q= n`状6W "oa[kUZOִ)+o –Ӣ> YtaF E><:A7 Im5U}n'{}k uɹu`$AeN{Y?唆>X/hGX x3vC=uZuB6TUE.vfJǫ{Z6HvfRfvd!ik`;,Z.%l`gj8Qo zl)`yXh˂2x"8>nOn{܉?>w|N= ӴV^8뾿%]?R6U_%\.Jk=7eکXޔzYNʸU?NY:հsF #wByt蔲0TOqq,iv,v\lz>C܉~q!S/vhp%mJ%u@fu7g|}9x;QlNFh - l̕X̕dב B[YvM/_ ~Y'.p'o)҃C7#tӡpF* 5%ߗ:s"OpJ ÷6'my?sM`\\w[dL8ar KvM2޼[-vfVS%Ԫ]j佦iLy쌹=t_fwh ۆ'ۗcmg_яxH=>mPObiKh9CqΡ:>uuu~CU^/{E[•8?JAbF.Wq`g 1ΌKLHbZ 0G>(;8r˝><ځN;:xKSX~<ھ\/;WmJ8@ICZ~g<g.S7Em d^k9W%ht_!u~p;%{Vj"k9(H`N9Q-`urg!wj^%/+xgp vpk&eW2+ eNZy"wZdzSED6d Jb|ODѓśNV2GCOΞ2ub3hL!A $͋pӁN[ y(C 5=x23n“:vHry[SoplhZ+2mIvʗpVn?hLS(zJ4* a%v^pG}a%G'țu*'!˒NnZK?<t尔C;$rI_x}: 0<6C%ß{RKt`Py"atsB\]~o V5vO$f}9GAZvCY9e\rIebX?ƙ9SR'7ܰ?p`of<c8/hzذOËy1>x yO?'pZfeŋ\a_ ҷ\j'~M!xk#! 6#˂z:r-L",3.<8tLnGcrm]?v%vp`MxJCcx> ky1ߒˌqD%~$^h#͙q ]o3_:"tJa'xmm}A'\¡c}{~bS^-٢ RٻOt@Ek4"EV\Y{"4y"-#}dhx iewhSq'&8}طS7} nA]{Vm-=]ziPog#&l~gMu2:2zʦq [֔~6ٲpB^ԗih8m~ߥ){/7}Qiky_T^ܻ4NMܠe-[ԧZ5oZ6Ыnr4[+wC;B|/>1 l8]s[?p{0_ʗ"ViX'g7X!b}u=2_jQnSBŲv:nْG)? 0OJѻܿ/pnON/&}߫NoNwK'W{pg15y!'f8cWu{d`\&%Un`~џg7Q"mGo507|Oogg6#d97~|})' er.; ;`e5_柳){wb*AIџ.>~ՙ5j) _EDLeײ%gE6NezJNg^$ёN; C:e 3T8qLycߴ9Ub4a[NVt۫FL n[nɋq@jO\}_c9M2Dִ3uLplLN0>"9}zűcSn%vkN {RݟS@[ &D ;&Qg̙yX6ȁBOoJs  >hʫ!Gb^TAv/;pN"\(u(!*{!gubXUk%[r+2#G~ȍ:2wOm7Oh@&*>y[q .& ƺB@]doݟoylM/O`zZ;T(ke]㧥*Oo8@]sKHԳz[]'qz ¸ytϠ5bwӠ|џ2OʓddEj.|"\גKU癉ht;v~3:^ȟ}>>f7^el<+ˁ!ްhwI73> 7𹂅?wmg̛ܵ˟z[d7P&E&71SvIuHQwF'[*KO0O_#\KQ{f?Olv ]z59e߮e>W)u)-!㬏{Yok0u0YE!ijk4fѓǟ.YtpoVD"tS%FT\AeZsT$tW&t7fet$t]+_TC{uc|=jwwꎶaKyڇ cdն^{Do=UVM8vE]mG}\]}VQ߻־=]UzlFf!:|y^!%'pzEkWKU~jcjVM ʉO@Y{| OUzlFf+PuznDb6_T~$^uYOx:nV6#k3_z$Wu'z~n_v9EgN!o _ض<ԜGf!>@p&y!R[>M3˪.§ם\Xrr$f =Br?Pw3/&gVJ)<.VN?5pl`=J?Kgԓśy0gw.1 _[ϐ!L@86ك7PsI@1R.긡v%;<_b=Na/ 3mHV>V-9n{=J?j;"ލx${u߈}/F>U}\腷˺LYoA7^NP?7AqO?p;nn7eZepq=|33YM>x4.,ig?vʮZ{wdg tqL*Y{L"W3qR.kznE""+ WxQG>d;C^}veyWy骾4m }aS }G?[=:ZwͼSN]Tu<-/rY8;z #uީ?\LCYOvG?[1b<x5ɚ5Ͻ7| 8bgiHn1z&wZf7qpb0^uLsƥj_P7u١2oQ~44W)ߥ5㓐 DΓesT#e1|Y6v(8ࠪZR3pJ/5")R@>t=|f]]oJ)*]7J$^G4^b;r"!97;Gf)*GD_8orI&7g)*rI>?:pnpk= C!sN`n Uѳ`"*/5O q%K,9CFo!^&^2k'2 :/N *& {#^NRdrމjr|2 v3Jx>՜ ~mOB?~zO=>F-P><+6eO.JnkdTLr͔p |;)d\==W%r"}|l#s P q}p {9-khϰe;*9N^Pu;| |`59軵l3D֨kLGn9i/_d?G~ ~z- Prk)~aBy5OK68fm&]&u7kNYg&|ȵԑlp/6p'rϓ_%u˚5=]+`3VKC$-fqEf=99|}GTy7h[~/=w~oDuoXovSoSŊ׮ dr-]d]W<[l@qLߡߍo8r/w=f}5=!_l~7ooj܈=P ̼L=wi7y 'c7jUV X*`UUQag5UV X*`UT/EMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:40  ^   %N V (16'2'/!d 1!8{-x_E!N!͟4BB?Ä?_l q75q˜` YDBv8+2qP# ƕYуUtّ4! D{ﯫ_:4yIuջuVսުWZBPxoK(\63rͼ2o. % o osX? _v@8p}X 768h^u[MFUpP& Tz4cu%=W4+xծ;ޢzݕJnWhNS8VS[MAW"$kM\s$t׻8er#[$}J]!6ODtW*DW)7)J# JoZy6j+?ݑԍLWߘDU}ߖ:X9뒜BXСJW 1 ?X7XBWuu+}Z*iDWЗ<]*۟!׆U9Pbnn1ݜyDnT7o7ͺ&ĺy\n.WܬnnT&1I\۲uQE'OnY״)<ȍ6TnךSA$tM'ys%}#7"<5 G9&7*NNs y_V`.SV(7a0l /-a {FT9? gys i#ԞU)j~hMc~KCM=׾bE'z l׮pY:8k6'[ò;w _Q )pG#4}|ph<}[ZaQX.W(pY0|T+S(Yar(JLyHu;*,S_/G?Ca־o8٩0xP}B?ğ-XΉΕ\~$<\ՆIJ>]ruXT:rli#Wy|2g#$-$ߘì7f\_=$e(bJ[O~l z'AZeYOhk@rs69Wysmf>$~i_\2Wdvm9vbeT|Assљzzvh=9z)=~&Iz'CFC;'K"J³\4Ɋ{]L:ymlaSG2xS\iCx,rB1r從\f.wpZ.cUsCK|tM] G3sNu:OIև_*r1u+6g*~B9ACERL{z[P̔N3m?cd?/_PLl/hib{u\Ȅ #k?~/"-mᡰ3<#vF[ ڥ+UA~-{ҿeH0cC^ʼ>Ѥ#^; 0@6:<>h#\a|e)gyGB-U&0}̈́>c }Ƀ>sCl+o~xRRAi?Oqq‡)կKT# 35>K_,2p&t/@6U^b5I{_Kٙ= wKnExK"EJRuuX ~#o.e 'O' NX"ď*>孁Vboߛ~G_2F_<'* xֻ=$<̛Oʓ}̅L0?}x1F1/Iq뉑*yg-ϟULs]Z7_J<}gź}՘O5[rWW̹Gɫ>-/ڥuXEX׸':N\vsS~WgD;tM[?9-$=LΑQ>Aމ[sQ޿pBvCgX:)l,>>=+2|$nB.\wpjߪ5&7k=S) /+nKVSɚ]1KR)/5cڙ5l Qw9#;pUnhG{xE|9%ͅ]L{JgO)+?O[w}y/ya'慪&4/-ge>)WAm7t;bO0LFysj$̽GL kX;&eVl´f'Ӌdo]w~Ëu=>L7XE34q_O^eJ^Erzt"9kG!ҺeW}qY߇<|z6=%\9oetr g}R5W eQo=ZkBp4<8Lʶ)1O7Yi+yPd?cptw|U b=r/OEIZ~7 W<өi%Mt'§[waRԧK{ϧTm:)`;ox,b~fh~Z/‹`| fr"u9>b#ϒ|jq9'3i,B%[5 ԣ:Fc_# ՠWo)OOnMkl_v׹x,p߬cy ;Uײw_^+")[<˿hJI9+V3<,[Kk"kɿh8P~N6k /骹}N3w( |2 vBѺ*;U=}bJ6 \jjݓ'w'rw7ㄹ(N}-ɺ'S̕ykS d)ħ2yDuXyV +O^\/#шسցWuXWZEU(%%+DZ8ru`#~%\5ozxpX^/ U3g{c}.[^S8rO mɤ'ۭstR=Uti@+ 3ic< M|Oރ.|˴]TT#ߊW~Xճ^D+!n'rx?9_Hufb/|Y0&1L|(h@t"N-~xB V%%X.wp3?C=iLĮiBrgbt84]b˜4v* C{t[7yYy'GAgo89<|B=Hwѣ/̋ٹ|!<ʽXoQ˻,0mC?'cۍt͝wfFޗc*j= MG|ޮ<66 ºA{ɣ.]5R[ר]V}ý]PwO==ije"LxfK'4v xf{z`@= V)/^B߫+ώy{:k={:3Tg=ɸWgOL1=͸ cü=+{f;_{zO>OĞgOgfy5e_u?a%S F14Xd(NnB|A.0z`kE/iws.DٖCcx( s''#$+d '}|1<|9x8Ӂb<ʲg@Ə_)>+^ ź/wTogwٔ%xF%+5Az~^a>ܷ=A)^w=1<4gˁ|t(!@]5IgN Zo]5}ogipN1e }`|ﮖ{s/~ͼ5ZS{Ƕҫ!_Q/R;>y,[^#> c~N>w.>1=O^hsF}Z}.G×vx|GN%76A>r)lWloQcƟ¦֕wG;[&ݔ.q$؜7nd>߲oCl=ONmc{D_vo@6q᳄#XW/>!xEv$Ovȳ mMi硍ƳȽ}\sZɚ>Jqʳs/3 s?|^M>G>GHa"nAs:;:{bsخd9^ &;,9nS^>3Cy"iϒS 66g}ضG`ac0U?+~aʑmm~hzu>Cy Ts6Yrͧ]S.mob{ocg!kclj~oĎ/fU?N1ːxjEU^iԳ؞ ྥR4~gF вodM}&c)?[p VkrfmP9m!Lх+zOWCgl*7'%C27]}ag}VHyc>y^-ߠ;}o~8q v&{ߨ?o@aWۋOp;s/'Fi7"Fcw ``x{rðX `Y_`@|8YY n_|Ѯ tI6SLb_W/p* =O+/`[蒸u/;<0p.T{ 0ΙڮdXC_/@B/TysR Bf`ʝ-_* ]DerB2=ʩsЯKL*>}|VPyFOL2|}⍂]$">Z (3rt.ZE_y/̕7y9C5gj4=9[; 3G都ҋ]*]ɥY_^_xea2yj|[:(oУbuSĖ{pé:@g<,st``_rN2h3#7FE_ߝ|!a'驆Ydy G,n8ܳ?En9gz .ctnڔ%M {^8.6Cvsg.j|QK[4ykӁ˺.bLuˢY;͑OgG#> ,2@RYZ#`E*t)Ë ^d~ ycz. #&prӋiRi>6rz0r{-Gg  w+(O~ #3fnżHy{;ض:'x|4=SdvPm&hG}kNdHK=(d}bcv`K+F=,I(Dh@`FgZ&<Oה5~zb'یW:#w?Sϛ/=H:|OYX/P_\ϻ!χIl#,Wfi|&mank܎,5\v}vPܬ ]O vhk|M+Yve[9hEY7n/ڦ~j^Yt1͎G  ayqO<ߴ;\bpL3wۈ|1ɑHETyū'e c!#|;Ӵ6؝+y܀ݴ#@|Opeےud~|3sd?_SUhߣtqͷ4/KVF0û[E_ď5_kteTp˻ GNC^.C>0ǔ񘣌[ܓM~qϚ\T޸&Z?gk+[(<˵h~9ViK-rŪt>păOew ̑s`0r~/v$Isιw8>i~_>-ѓ|Eɥ"}ʳcbl]J۫?_yA-i|3q̕L|&~vrVZEhz f|&7͎.>QT8ZR ]gfqg%kQx^$sH_,?mQoliZ$l3s@}*}UF=棉>X^e {M;:؟Y |5.CЇ\|w*}&3]2|&)3ѽ D.LuңjH/F xqFͲDl&96}} k7rdމf2ǵ8lyQfbmfs>N>m3ײljmf#>Xʹ]޻nѡ̛63S0?W!uB|AkːX}VoNyO `ÙR`tWL;` MUnѯV彍x;-_Gܪ>]7/dCgJMJƏ`/{4x~HC0o&v9Q<{ȧ<]Lmu;>4Uxnp27w* K҉f(we{٣hCXWH#힥>j'[dL2}n]#ߗ$!Wn5<{iW\.jߤ{ϵmz?ҞtGU.`oat9oo؛s@(ǾL-:=ڤ9wPR#劌-%Ъ*(*w9Yh'bM}yYtiW#kmy!;OlY {M;:#a>VhV `u+z)˩7;R5Cg|i=b{MXЦ]# `\90l3>\KCilq "1}͇[~0xG}47u*-}~(0Aj[nY|3s}}%T^?~<ʚ=x^ޣUȽ\\5.;ד\3nJgݻGdM2?;&:A_I6bѭ>Ik՗ZyF7&^Mk#$!_Qu=,~÷8[+#`Yb&z $DrQeM=c+^76߶MuӎZx=yL=FRiKm(V =ߨ3kBy?!XѼSy/+߿z> OW5bMTmSnwF^'Oz76^[*8yߴ4bMt|0 ?!`xM 0}\t3M#_3w9QWק~_>N>샲lS3>뽃o<'ϳBhe˫-ַW3ȝ.W>48;[!??3Lwg2>+ T4lT9Sۥg/OD{87{H3]No]?cAr!~gjdp(ewG#٣HYƾP&˼Hb0%Qc zN>*ǩ<m85们D9ː6]Ǯ _NoZ%Ƨ48ȏ4 s=G˓^&~c3IC1e oPr}+ۿCzVh{}IIO%ݧȷ=5Fbu?U ]v|>v$V/~_ {19GloupZ-/(y }ХU>i]5}|/W?2"9_ZgT~+<"Iv8Gs*_~fcG7{>NE_5uUX '!6[^|LEG\w*d3>߽mf#{wdq~RȓWPfb}ߕlyޗ9e<7uy);/GXɋqUJ˗`eC}v.v,O9>bt5}:byw䮳fM-r,#w{pޯ<$>~ےqˉHn4 J✱"|H3MxЕWZ|3PhN[(7/g-Ss8-ipO< 5mi {ySຠ:H?bÉjIu٣сDE:RyJ^;. T7S&NhlMsugb^Y-yV,b>'(;CQigy.0|b#MpYF\Zt=}+X+G_oH鬞qdǘzVؚ@$=ء vd@׌=g`k`Z釶360`k(# mQj:ME@ qSyy,jgZ/3s=s{Gqf\7D@7e40_}%TmfAθ K7?Iz#k1z%Pair[xKO˿_xN+5LRxUQCkV H!UvuiS:xʹZ^@~N K{?ǩQk4`/lyJ,"߰r7@ xgƸCe0{#Ftao9ušV@OC Əs;!ۙsu^ 'ۜ"jix/U~1V+P̈qasG?6 ȯO[VwYO~7xGૡ 2u^NpG45 Z1oQ>F= "Ϛ C,\vB-:h~7GwuO5h623Qtu'Ѣ}Ҩ$wi~'-rXJ  *Cո$ e QZ(=Nh+4ɍ )WS"-\[YIt(x\oPrEՊFaGa,EW H1xV|{9dnʷ^ynYG7LuS鄺y|Uݼ[~٭M|tH7ef_YnEۣ**z6FF݂AahR6y*9@y6ŷ(f%ܭ|;*Hn^GYŻ8ivG_knX9 L0}p5Mp\us=IF~.COw80CߎܖGߣA{>|K3+҇5J{A)Z']J")Qro|7Eo ѕ;ڭt$gw7[RM{FOqgTN1B>57M>pqaa<6>8>eƯEyq:k:6>nm!W"_Һd WJ{@B&a H (? u [у7Qd('NJvRn1ۋ6/,o `! (0uqpm|f.>emty3CiW"o^%X=y3I Org_ˈq8ݟW*f0N+b(w:on񾬿e-k~6~o|&9 yaNf-ͮhg%+zfEQ˙3yBC/x?ox:>!?N^bYK4퓿.zgO[}ꁛ#9^рDZ7(˄މ|{ǓXv[?&l)'5'ohfhnK<3'3Gw6{\4owee:'8# #M\n>!W^Xnq{dyq[ݒy][dN|1{l&fddٙ9,dfL1Wyҧ-BF ¸Öy3:Ҽ ,vye&xy+ze:ġ |a\3Ѓ$chy}`oԚ=bWddyQ)Iq#Y=!uxJqt& >lvcoA1|/#LKtF8fYP>Axl@<\>ii63G;%pt`k{nVi7j%ZI:3j-UkOTKre7E9^^ؙ7MnXo-OdlÖ-Ѓ麜0?iNYGȽy-!"QZ5kdffN*3A+/OzNz=3X;bwĤmOCyF{ރGCY.ƍ1< 4J{d|?,_cuY"ү驌]n?)Κ)JO{"HDGؗ ñj-w[@B*'5bGϜ8Yze\tCS!]|.Y {wߓ# VϾ"#ur=?zwmk?ܡIt-Dg6htH,B˝5%޹/½yuy,s/paƵq)0c9>NsF~;ݴ^ↅvlу`[k ٛCAIwƄw323'ÚlZVne c't|[սy=Gr-;:fx#?%(l} IC>;;eԏ^d4KxzN=Fn?i+侾-6r1 F:‡s>5VgdNÜ$ϒejLc9,x^=4),k66᲻ADG yK~o^+w- ˓8i 2gYG,S-|3 2w(S7,Z8ґnȖ=;Gg Vo2-їd7]Cɺ|5LJ+|LZ+`QI?%>߲FXOCط uTсknʜNpku6&Gx}wJ,#xm7/G,:qt],{?# Vop/L${Xm<_g勽^zʮ:k's~w|ȁsPSl#/q-Cmt9Er0;>is=4Lnp ˘#Ϝ9(X;%X{[4b`r&Y-zybŮIf:ɍdl4ITBmCEdz} ~~"~w\e q N#[~;_=7=6]]nđm^#_ VV w}Oysb:f'}:X46~$ä!q5 a}xa r% rLr0yk k3mxĺv}8w?Dz}w<y7"kuwlBۇ0[ySSXP[<~G>2!l\|pgf"C`tMQx(;7'-GSv,oئ$O\(h~AicgOv)$vv&:I/$e lY&Íkz"~4FćרͿ|ұ gϙΖ;8ˋCx;N. ~|ɣmޘɍ#緱ٷ\F߬'1z|2>}'5V0vLMYWRN\Z1$_rEƖ׷%kjqoi ³CX>HΡokX751#[fܪOrp;~W /;OR_+ovvb_۠Aȋ_6֒67#/ZO^Ku"yr,/UV \"mIG%98P9ە7qԣC2nX&`rFve-u=$6}=NDR5v+uغ8ڂ ]# 8N'j8>:>{ fX좔GwG{î/z;ܲ,1qI9Iv8I.g/۴Nh}?+m VK$왰M(s擜ҬI~ڞd`!x;>GM4,"8Ʒo|8]qMn!NqmL:Fu80qaM[Eah$Glpa\y2g݈}bܰgR% Mo%n 9Oi$b<w ZxXDC9Z} >P>x8xG^C;\pq&:k<xbrs$7AjE+}g6K"rfQ'ؙNn${UܓfDFXJZr+zN[y 9ﹻy+ X 8a#0CޅM㙯g!=q=֕r0p!Spw=<e/`ɛ1I%(OVZW$''PfTGOOޅߪ 'tvg؇g<n P;NO̎C e MH.u!i;zj&9[#wdCk;COMokZn"E'_\m ƒhauoQ|T]ϛkvKed1y &/VN;NBr}A2[$rykmf=42oC?" )k,/KAY%^m9}~ȁ7F~=~_+!^kovE_\,/w?zkU^țqFmGۋis3{#eQ/e_,,W,/_㔟Ɯ밢}` wߦic9I؆ !i؆]:zx8R8Ł! Z_ijN_ʑMlmk4h1N8SYlu~n,,UY)xF]P|E?FK-?z~ %u.>. W{=OaY?Qezѻ.$zAD9hO(Bdсz":%#D zp2P>{Rz'+X9lI.L'IvHI`Vk$8X)mq&{Ii-'z%-i3lݨ>l矓bG)~̽SF=^DC{;pȘykrl;.{]yhDzGoqg=:9];{1yB}FeGo{8&}D#x U"b=~.)*k.Y  "w>yxfW%2Ym'[tSû>{Ȥ}jzhb}*>;!x=}*ggJVyIh[bQG^9\9jK{z_,{ ?z*}R9!P^$>TOkm׾gLW#+{e{._ z/lil+[E|6uٸ ֚vsuQ'XY^3\vτ4LNrx VRE|1p9$(7,{Ryܓ=UkS_tp-Qb9/X&BDd_T{5ߩW#q;,UUr) >x3k6C >>цAFD``5xI-.ݖZϾ_w]:BɻIj6v,&'֕Ȭ58F'͖^,=-:;==/ Ϗ|k,9L{ʏpa,jt?eoɲٗi8r=A\*Y/b{}Ħfֈj9W5Z#s>lcm9|%:k129l>Ϝ L:D@9sOs>D\@GEҀ<,GjU;E+"*ӕo5%ߔ%|+(g8>`$;8#wyj}jO~hyղS;e;ƫ] u;oH<?QΕ-4[w])~nv w;n){Iϳvʢ/e|YxӥC*^dvJ٨dYkv? PSY’zɋD)_;e 7>%;}S7UB|_MxC{)SЇ'iX^l<)>Y4l lt0|dzT߰aOpvm 86ΜG#nW۰#J`a툛E1uŎ(IiB;] IO#FY; ~k?/pv:Q6UϚ|j v^,ǘ2I;b;͎1*vy׎H8q䌣$َh~{.sqXﰆJղ#+gҰ#л";=͖3373/Psoݗ:p{|_9cxO-/gzi{T\xˋ{L{o`itəFW}Wy_6y=595I40sIcx^=|}`88y!s\9邝%X-RVo]~_OM#{ak/F ;=D·W 9;=$w+a v"## 훗0÷Yaa~Ey5aeXTPk.0oC<,K.;{Gr]Mml*x=X!XwJos,aN+!Ó .G]gҜX9m%gyndFҁ>.XbڽYZp? >Y-counjC^/?j0;ArVƮ.U  ж}~]RKEW_٣6f1w(-›[+BExg{ԣ*!}~oto}. yH^K8ͷ@~rY.Gn\.z-ބreԯ]Fs]; .:\YՙOl__]<<֛w{8YOj7Sͩfx݌euΆi[̭'SWKfSzr֞`n{YwhcmnF^{\x[^zOϺ~FOɋ&_ !vAr~Z~EaM3r-&vߗ~HP'ۗqp9{^>ߵl<+:ҲW+9i S.|1Y?7Rnͬk**^vcڌz{5~H7z7^ ztGGyY;S}P=>'xi*N ƞGR6;&7W |VcmCO~ zN<.7 8Ss&VIOָ{|`/NLH EvSkT2ǶuyY5X4͆P/%muxj:u9ҧ17:M\f܌YqƇqYo*N0;p\%6ٸ˦l {aﱇ)>E{|le>q& j[l'm;]0l٢sl܁3C^ر/l[wۉ7ҫ~ n& /ܟȓHF/^\ a8e5's9k-Mjsl8q ')9?oyEn'/ =n~F ''ws׆M770M 5cÒ/aoF_'ͥq%66sjy5mعƒ66,iذ2 mJc{)]tI. re*ǿđ|x]>{)\\#! Qa.6Q:ܩ?1:Ba;/7^_,_7ܬHJ[;U4]oWWvv9'4wtt3h>0>zjәqx{'k ýAx_hmQVpWZ+R.]?7Des㎛?aNܶl|uXw xnQ3Fwm-`d/V(_PY"d P|!'J<b>uϦm^د 5g-k3iufH["fIN=^fz| /wڏȑGߥyϹq r3CVg>$X樂fM^,;-*aN~ڍ?G[{]4=i3iNB\nH== :تߪ72&A" y؇=J8!Oiaf8y Pc&[P?Swd}V;k?LsJ?7+0\B=wnoݝ(euTY>m#mp_3{_͟Rwz.ܝX@{R뮸)M?`|e,]ɓR|S8]xpMX=zф^=z*ZEx)k&KlH-مzWH#ұߥ{Sj%7|S?M[o:h}q'n" ^#g*Er(o_wρ.MgemJ>dd'עU:s(\Ereϩ^/'%6ʛfHeK{|N'עzy:zM [vQ6grSjy< >Yc~ R ~fvN1MYyh4o!pO=ftCŦ{v=;s5I³ȓgܢ;;fϮ:wY{Ϯx#_8xw<8|'Wֿh[ݿ%<'>k- W W%{~X6՝{صiX Sx'ﱒPuʅ?- ~P17Cp):{NYGuav{w7k^uo=$B]4Ʒï{jރe/wu^,{{N_zj6?ooN]|AKjLC TbM==&߬],F}[ьr Fo43Aڷ 3}o8HblC=)bޗ%Li_-3*}/K ߱3z)x/{!'ͪ- YL#&Ӗ/KyxDDz9k?5EϱGW@eYeFǼ~#GƞP $/{[Z^_)Y7[sʋo G 3I[Ԧ'k k#Osm?q};蜨.OU޷iv}<ޕE>Q{[Wm)!>RVG66T& tʅm Xڞ߽-(7r[t[=]_yyF6=!;Ag (FQ(o!x\h9\quis CCдw\A^m`oj}4Y 2m~>R;1HG_ltR0ŖflqhXws+wdCʼ2ӎiO{d;Y^h0(_%^: 57[ٹr+90ʕ=|kZmn~Ɣ=,~gO,GpB's*p-ˑ>D$qW& Hyv.W(;E2C0,X\XO6 {Z6¦h|K؞ؙԯЛWI+tddOLS${d į<K3ٝ$O ^bmF9'UƤqډS8#iu#ԶϓO.P&e{MLH&R {makHC^Zo~@V`Qo{ڻZ4thnjQkWoN[OMhqTwbU'} k߻*#v"y߭18iܱ%J+nN,=Y{{59Vu#x{B_-SWk.+ZR;yuc#rpIޡTqw|itܠG8!sC\*c c>O-[4_;y];fޑYmg{AGw.ߞ#nWdt~5؁ -ִ3kZ*wh2d=*[2 ?>+#q:*JVo&+r}x\k֧蝼Z ZhOQ/?Czs?mklkm"c똰Jv0kɫ;CʹJ׮ ׮ȋ|'"^O^EYѩ/ۚ;׮J׮kµk3"_ؿYU2n+$ "EuvmͭWv}WvmF^ ux_Xߕp8$'(\M׸rM׸׸ȕ|N'l?'O_ӥh׸^y{eM0wuQ|k߲ڗ4־i\KSs=tѵZ.?5(}S>u%_ W*uq ē.oݟO];^xFS=E\$!٢7i-{ֲj-;[kUCͯeѷOƯ~-{_/uNֲIxe/ͮb953kN[9;}7Zp.hf-dTkMq7XVǠox *_Gq-ڿ[$y-ۈ -Wd~C}H^5= hȵEk6yIuh7amEjW6y_WG5ᚗ<̭~^b.iֵFll?mH^;{ Ze<@S9l<[{ظcoIN 7 fM^CEbey8y0alUpzD/&\]/Z; ;=Z=mm_s>-\l1>z^0O!GSW+?ѵ_Yunu/ψw~ mw#G-F%a}Ȧ7: m3qkGUڷF(MJvGE3:\v1cħlg'/쨬 FK\a){|E+硤N)闔nnx_S{=ەƻȻ4~.AxG7~OIqJı,G ?&Wd뻩ƅpI7yS&8r޹Gy_;Ϥgtϳv$A:x)"+%iA;=IU;[%;@OhO*%/ÐG~ʈ=,{JWJV!]4ނ)M$¤U]/GHg3/ jm^rm6[ԶD7zzqOBf}ZWڔWW5cf'Y2d؅U`,[`Mqvs'<! \,,46 òû, îòíåñåííûå íà ãîòîâóþ ïðîäóêöèþ, â áëîêå ðàñ÷åòà ñåáåñòîèìîñòè ôîðìèðó- þò ñåáåñòîèìîñòü îáúåêòîâ êàëüêóëèðîâàíèÿ è êàëüêóëÿöèîííûõ åäèíèö. Äëÿ ïðèìåíåíèÿ ïðåäëîæåííûõ ìîäåëåé (ñòðóêòóð) íà êîíêðåòíîì ïðåäïðèÿ- òèè ñîçäàíà ñîîòâåòñòâóþùàÿ ìåòîäèêà èäåíòèôèêàöèè, âêëþ÷àþùàÿ èäåíòè- ôèêàöèþ â áîëüøîì è â ìàëîì. Èäåíòèôèêàöèÿ â áîëüøîì ñîñòîèò â çàäàíèè õàðàêòåðèñòèê ìíîæåñòâåííîé ëîãèêî-êîíöåïòóàëüíîé ìîäåëè è îïðåäåëåíèè âèäà íåëèíåéíîñòåé ïðàâûõ ÷àñòåé óðàâíåíèé ìîäåëåé ïðîãíîçà ñåáåñòîèìîñòè, à èäåíòèôèêàöèÿ â ìàëîì çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ â ïîèñêå çíà÷åíèé ïàðàìåòðîâ ìîäåëåé. Ìåòîäèêà èäåíòèôèêàöèè â áîëüøîì îñíîâàíà íà èñïîëüçîâàíèè èíôîðìàöèîí- íûõ ìîäóëåé è ìîäóëåé ïðàâèë. Èíôîðìàöèîííûå ìîäóëè, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèå ñîáîé òàáëèöû ðåëÿöèîííîé áàçû äàííûõ, ïðåäíàçíà÷åíû äëÿ õðàíåíèÿ äàííûõ î ñîâîêóïíîñòè õàðàêòåðèñòèê ìîäåëåé, îïðåäåëÿåìûõ äëÿ êàæäîãî êîíêðåòíîãî ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ. Ìîäóëè ïðàâèë ñîäåðæàò àëãîðèòìû íàïîëíåíèÿ èíôîðìàöèîííûõ ìîäóëåé äàííûìè îá ýòîì ïðåäïðèÿòèè. Ê íèì îòíîñÿòñÿ ïðàâèëà ñèíòåçà ìíîæåñòâåííîé ëîãèêî-êîíöåïòóàëüíîé ìîäåëè, çàäàíèÿ íåëèíåéíîñòåé è ïàðà- ìåòðè÷åñêîé èäåíòèôèêàöèè. Íà îñíîâå âûäåëåííîé ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîé ñòðóêòó- ðû ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ è ìîäóëÿ ïðàâèë ñèíòåçà ìíîæåñòâåííîé ëîãèêî-êîíöåïòóàëü- íîé ìîäåëè ôîðìàëèçóåòñÿ ìíîæåñòâî ïîäðàçäåëåíèé, çàäàþòñÿ èõ õàðàêòåðèñ- òèêè è ñâÿçè ìåæäó íèìè. Èäåíòèôèêàöèÿ â ìàëîì âêëþ÷àåò ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêóþ èäåíòèôèêàöèþ ìîäåëè ïðîãíîçà ñåáåñòîèìîñòè. Çàäà÷à ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêîé èäåíòèôèêàöèè èìååò ôèçè- ÷åñêóþ è ôîðìàëüíóþ ïîñòàíîâêè. Ôèçè÷åñêàÿ ïîñòàíîâêà îïðåäåëÿåò òàêèå çíà÷åíèÿ ïàðàìåòðîâ ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîé ìîäåëè ïðîãíîçà ñåáåñòîèìîñòè îáúåêòîâ êàëüêóëèðîâàíèÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîãî ïîäðàçäåëåíèÿ, ïðè êîòîðûõ ïðîãíîç â òå÷åíèå ïðîìåæóòêà âðåìåíè ) , ( 0 0 T t t  âûïóùåííîé ïðîäóêöèè è åå ñåáåñòîè- ìîñòè, à òàêæå êîëè÷åñòâà èçðàñõîäîâàííûõ ïðè ýòîì ðåñóðñîâ îòëè÷àëñÿ áû îò ôàêòè÷åñêèõ äàííûõ íå áîëåå ÷åì íà âåëè÷èíó çàäàííîé ïîãðåøíîñòè. Íà îñíîâàíèè ôèçè÷åñêîé ïîñòàíîâêè îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ ôîðìàëüíàÿ ïîñòàíîâ- êà çàäà÷è ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêîé èäåíòèôèêàöèè. Ïóñòü âåêòîð k i y  âûõîäíûõ ïåðå- ìåííûõ ìîäåëè ïîäðàçäåëåíèÿ A a km i  ñîñòîèò èç òåõ ïåðåìåííûõ, ïî êîòîðûì îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ êîíòðîëü òî÷íîñòè, ò.å. ) , , , ( k i k i k i k i k i GZB GZR gs GP y   (ãäå k i GP - êîëè÷åñòâî ïðîäóêöèè; k i gs – åå ñåáåñòîèìîñòü; k i GZR è k i GZB - èçðàñõîäîâàí- íûå ðåñóðñû è ïîëóôàáðèêàòû ïî âèäàì). Ïðè ýòîì êîìïîíåíòû äàííîãî âåêòîðà ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ êàê ôóíêöèè ) , ( t y k i k i    . Òîãäà ôîðìàëüíàÿ ïîñòàíîâêà çàäà÷è èäåíòèôèêàöèè ñîñòîèò â ïîèñêå äëÿ âñåõ A a km i  çíà÷åíèé * k i   ïàðàìåòðîâ ìîäåëè, äîñòàâëÿþùèõ ìèíèìóì ôóíêöèîíàëó: k i dt t yo t yo t y E T t t j k ij k ij k i k ij k i     min ) )) ( ( )) ( ) , ( ( ( 0 0 2 2       (5) è óäîâëåòâîðÿþùèõ óñëîâèþ: k i k ij k ij k i k ij t yo t yo t y     | ) ( | | ) ( ) , ( | *  , (6) ãäå âåêòîð k i yo – çíà÷åíèÿ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ âûõîäíûõ ïåðåìåííûõ îáúåêòà; k i  – îòíîñèòåëüíàÿ ïîãðåøíîñòü, îïðåäåëÿþùàÿ òðåáîâàíèÿ ê òî÷íîñòè ïðîãíîçà ïî ìîäåëè. Äëÿ âåëè÷èí k i  âåðíî óñëîâèå: k j k i     1 äëÿ ëþáûõ 1 , 1   k M i è k M j , 1  . (7) Òåì ñàìûì òðåáóåòñÿ, ÷òîáû òî÷íîñòü ïðîãíîçà k-1 óðîâíÿ äåêîìïîçèöèè íå ïðåâûøàëà òî÷íîñòè íà k-ì óðîâíå. 3x pT< Y!F"Rd@;ʣPtBj-FVqpcKGJh&DŌm֚{vZSo3qw;cdNJ| ,7DJɉ"ko}%lb$g\$.mQ ,7Ɨ= 8DO_}4l&cg=WT ^}+0Sd4](&;7>S3ATɗ)$CK>O<9fKOv٧v>nץ:_7YC\x܊oC$I.h6V[*^?hpC屸GnԲ}<ќxa<ɲ{u|69V8pvNJݬ{$קw7 'd ҟcfrr7dGy\> %KBN~!::1}5s!Ѽ}6`dX=h _ Dy_b#xv=-ܡ0^ mr֪mn9H?FJQl̾C!W97KC.&]?Li'^D9[gcʘFn˛ocd޷ϙ!Cn̖~;4Zl+YSN% y2}'l mGn:mslw`_>dib;9XmgS+wQ.>i`l $'3I$7ֵWya.[ti6\3Y܎N'W0E_76p+ X2ŞFl6h7Խh,ΰک$f?櫧 c3lS .a~ r M=l6#'㡽GzJ@nƵwr= Lhs{' &y2QpS!۷h/c.}4}cS }JcZ[!6og_~--EG[sc+EQx+-)c <.gA+h?z ɑl#\ʑ'EՏ.i2荬4bٛ|MXaI54F\^BZyU9gךԂzOETJGY8B*P `%>M+ bvu;/~#g tY^b+>i__y dp=S`:hG־c9OOi~f])orjHkկ 3] kS`9SjjIw{S#;kENAh}3b{K[JU#ه~N{ӉkP*%v z{J-u/j Jk_}" 2k&97% O2 V73V̐q?X}㱳 ,6:k$||Ά~9ȓdQ2& .L:<fnO*\ijq?ZP Z/-7ݗ*I#u?Xv0;~ER7R=Ȑ%]p5_kIU֞k.7g)M2286h<φA|ׂz5a&Zk e9u4LƻH;oGYR ~ǚ@DQ,S-?CB~7'Br9Al@uD.Sot5=k#ev;*uWΕ_-z5򯤣;龒\&;Uε꺚F95bwoUv崯.6Π{{3t~[Sg}}勴Y ym.R Fiw~.-MO|շ6p| l[`s^wAڷAA5s#F7np#F9_u=u#F7n#/43Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:40  R ,=BJ(16X2/X1 ^%{xUƃ"r xA@5*IM?hʁw,awBk9Z:ukl-Mxq)'<(( x%}go4^zGc2BV&&x"ikA8ߤ:t`K9~ԗMoSI}sZ,\pi8SJ5ev͹5f{o/boPڣo6>~R}No.R$7I+&bܕo6<7EU[{:tUae6=, nkؤbxI5I#aoբ+&/yR<(KӦ#5@G_vY'yڃ'2^Tf~+/^SX[oJ^~R~$/3ڜWlcl:\e#'a .QOYXnQ LOd Ci^N' ZZZCQm/zvbF-Wg/ >IZ$5ڶiμ'-ĞUtÃG/˧^fݻEd?ZՉ 6G_/ۮ?Wt(_ɮ ]b/~Pnbl~<3w0s^ IV۷2שcjDLkcc/.?,Q v;[iWT])o1]ѷ튍m41b]!Z ]O'\W>7P\Ey$ڕkӠiPo躷q}'F_&܎󺜽Dއx=CkPQQWhkq/,ndŸ4&{Ѯ(^٫Ҽ~VbF?sy>}GՇ }43Wb׮¼W 3m2.HwŮ!jvaRj=*i,+T ZU 7y#_׊f7kYt^HA,W=<8?㜇L?u[f8:t[WLNs̰ 8gQ&zzJ%1-X& ʝϾ!8=4>糓~ҙfxg9~ NV)'}Xa7%ٖ+q}?箯(xV;wUZOI鉽]B9{W]zgZH+3ήϗH|9{{U޶퓯}7t}r-bik)?ȗ51S]_ns*CRwyBs7"eR|x(=zp/ AzV8kے=[zϝ{|ͯM׫P n`vE)]dvX! \_zխ5Iϯ%}5&vg7{CCY޺s LEnv|}*y1~xS3 q?bgU4VqpkFvuKZu&|&ݫͺTW6ȺulW$Xڕ/zJ3S>3:AGڍvЙ|k ~[HSSM%?Fdl?Wy&zm;Yx4ʉ\풉x< 9W $1۫w'O5чgi[!dQnPjjV*!%̀hS=\H-)PcC2m=CO]sVHq4amК?iwhk%x@c߲}l7RO0hR6=>Jx^u' ٬Y!Kt4mtL~IQ'ٖϧKq-b:ߍNt.sȺ+{ҕ項G}#l+6c5Λ7ehIbތk f?@kWAxOu?{4ٹlϬEͯ9JQ [3ӽdJz>^m+Z^K/ptZycƺgSh؞25 nR:C<6יǭisP֖vn7Ktdp.؞2>ТDO$<(Gt\I);+&\: 󞨟{xw[Qj; 7@fב^c:hG 4g)|G{~ېwJ{BCީ(v+*hݽco~m_js?ts(sd޳vM0o$U,v'{ߨ2>a~Qs&*N(X36H60z|D[: (Cc>ZyQoR)lzOeq_C<( ژg,)s:ydTG4)p>zH٧7/!&h9ĸD> #v#pNm} KH;?3aF3ۉ{>vjms=|EVzG71}hvPrNƙ3e MtueиOSW _}Q1JowӻJa{sJjsi$ㄯ5kx7tMC>esҞOP#s)xN=g}g<ޟL_}٨'4UBbì6źq}gth7Ur s7y-C-yJ< g>y)`LA|w9Y8BÛ619<rO9ScƟScrx1]S)sx1r_Scr4)gsx1=crocrSsx1%gcY9<~O9_ScM9<8ϱ}<>=gO5y>k]kM5~_sw O vp;9ھhWԖ:y9:3Dz, {=UϥfW[IgFv9wLl6E~@N.V'߱ڲL`ќ//hI11I4gVhP)8|Ftfs2v.(6D}q:6 }nT|\=c}.ߛdh}6ڂRtEߪv %5}kzݫ-=6m'(0.|Y,ݘ~ARY=[5FD7E7Ut"zw.uq)]/]/.7.ݹ[ ^>a6_ ?UzUF1P˄oW?W_Kf?R?.у'WtG=Cάϟ?ځ_!xYȯ^Ӹ֨u/nh̨(7Mc[f71Z0_}[6~' cA;OCw h/ { dbOƅ G GKt+3`,Q}T~|Fw~c$h? IO-f, +Ş酓™SYtB\'~% 3^R".:76sMF~9 4K"}glG+9WsqaFilZ#:w´A9NwoԷc3 O\"ÛxRW&iJi ԒORdqy Õ߱KEhOw#ФX\L8VÇX~~e\,}Nwby|!V/շ)?_qbFL^0f;xE|^fJm"I,Ӵ#NߪTMiY_42=q=.w( i|O,FZ?~d-b6m+g? ̓Z+,}D|8|BP,]XXؑLJ1y\glڕ2nO"J}ZB|}B?hwѷK^노A\Ǘ˒|5X񮓗&3_ŧl\nlM:qG\G'2{Gj$ K ~{FF*vgmI1|AݯpC vюi @4vڌX"` !ΛHaX31Pn0IptpG WE[dn x 7Uq~x|0Y%iYh@LUOLў^i|%F|Y*{h 54=og(u+Exy! fU>u8aZ_Wޔ"'k1 Z? pVkb}u|ў{avX6w{D."Y 6N,*!h(ǜ ϘI(z:M~D*ѯfۤ:㥆R1c{n譯 7>Ų/pbοײp$A5Y>.==Տ I+#8NP\q1'rhӹz/ܫ,<ϙ&R0]PvA5YxAԣ,<`ldh>Y,ѸdC4?F@GYոT;a'$GYj\dLzQk,5gzlldIzY巢c}WA/{jvyQ4įA=eUr'ܦղVnk[z]+yv=Vc}}ȲO&˾u, 8|PtR^jex&!u, Eq,X>Te2OVʾ}ϰrOݱRe( e3[ta>^0|6U2/P:NjˆW/d])c1;A5Y)RXG!\sc<W{Vc,fx.ެҮqMTELQuj d=\=ʲM7R!ȷ̛z"Gkls\:" EEU=څ"k"<\=sj>sk\Qb E.<E|"s.<E EUfpH޷HOϪOg0p~X/>Wl(ߨs0}z|Sv>ݓ5<@I~P/[+?O~Ypv&8>^SlUcbK̟<}\"Zm\ OVuE9ic)3ܬEe\c_'U"Wj}髹ƾRKUi(5l} D MҳeuSznK?2n:z[ɣxM6.[ m &n \uKOx-9Ui'|xry^ j9 ex^S#ω9CPy'ꬌuex~?)URF7dw|7f|k2uN؁/nz連N܁/_/_&{|6ȗ$᳀x[yj滣.Z5nf| ߋk滣:3T36MeeY#q݆v]{6q&A=&YEA>p~ce;GT˵yTijp=&ПmoMy?MBhy $ +Xjy>wdh|Eg~ ?ۑF~[[o>|VFwjC )G40\zsklu]p#{ \Z{hY}|e`?#r14{H} 1Fx\ kOdEU2ِg+P8ǘ#܁ - mpN?X% |30Y=&3m'K]?۱1;pşwEW#kyST:+deYok}ߍptg1] e$?~X/<2:G.?w8wt}AWi ^_TK\S~k7ȫ&-d7ym KQ&mnyǟ17,0}z7J87Y }ٜ$5&|ύ5jߧǯh Jc;DCݶqp|6 nTZ4~;?\#J>+bӇ8SĔ6;mPHMrݫbxZV*vޒ*9i2O ׉ ױ>8xs/gM$vS>H2<'86Bۤo p*t nNR]%ݾ 2}o3E˺ޮUhCfm͏pmJw"~cߚ-Yr~@'O,A- HknǙmݞBik41gܯS-vul\*LS]% WmX$d~n=w>d-xjYarqǷE!X]Z֍m]n1ms!}0 :c8 &AypxXlE5~pRUw*7,ۤqy>yfcیb9{߫R\h(iJ*3i7﹄J{SKߤ?BwG<λmmGe#O[R˶+)vЁ#uc2/rmc~gͱ/*~NQ]%۷ bcMɼذxsj׎)c6:YGkL޹dt:COYJyXݞ< ЯV.@O~iBWɾZm(,ǒlt*fUdq`"YDe=;wC:]ѡP;mqz{G7{U_!'>~[x^ e6szA<<<ai;Bku +g~Yi<>WZYASA^EP`{R;+(k8}=NߪKa5r6q\`:I^qj0_R|܎<hDZx-۹m2~pKM~.&J'co&uM?֜XAte<>2>kDwغ~ޗűܺ2iG:t ]g+@=&t }C| 8Ӓ"Oq>?V-t1,; ۚJtv>tJ't23ۓ=7`muzU$FvNKvJB XNye~mA땔6}:PO~~znGKS=y2P]h+)<]SKӱUGxE8zo()lt7Bg?vwiw+ln9cz ۙ휚w_n㽄ii ^O=1rﱚjKjoRV̧ݢ3P꾬${r{rp#TT_,W'fW+_kU*=Mշg;F>9oaMA~@K[Qϙ&^xN4ٻyo}76ط70M~ޮtg}JImJ۱?J==X6Gߩ|٪?z_${O.gUE=ydZg 26g'g*xRb|1k##1?x~-~FT'#0?8CJY"edf?}-*g+tǴI%ZpFOo^9X 胲ِzёۑ:ӌ mRCꎜ}Mu'Y귒uMg %ɱܕfw=s=/K.wJGEo?*&${>1E򲿳NH}'zm\;lChS6w;KQ͓~?@<WIfϓY؜wQ>^nd{ !bűb{b ZN(c~wVK ͢qKтjB'E=\m9mat)u(+x( 3V ?H*Mm?ȫ{¿T?5حfSya} )|ze8 ebS'yZkE< J2-O^O\HӬѵXS vD^e=ȇu8mL{R>+xxtI73T~?8ZK+n*#vevNLr3O'Q<+HWf?mRd փ`oY [v;OQ`ohiO[}ִÏBC=?xMK O܏evO{97 )PhU F#+v&.CM#8LmOu nb/z8lo<$iVʶ5OFI؏,,47 Ïðåäïîëàãàÿ, ÷òî âåêòîð-ôóíêöèÿ ) , ( t y k i k i    äèôôåðåíöèðóåìà ïî k i   , äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ ïîñòàâëåííîé çàäà÷è èäåíòèôèêàöèè âûáðàí ìåòîä íàèñêîðåéøåãî ñïóñêà ñ äåëåíèåì øàãà ïîïîëàì, ðåàëèçîâàííûé â ìîäóëå ïðàâèë MPI ïàðàìåò- ðè÷åñêîé èäåíòèôèêàöèè. Ðàçðàáîòàííàÿ ìåòîäîëîãèÿ áûëà àïðîáèðîâàíà íà îäíîì èç ïðåäïðèÿòèé ìåòàëëóðãè÷åñêîé îòðàñëè.  ðåçóëüòàòå ïðèìåíåíèÿ ñèíòåçèðîâàííûõ ìîäóëåé èíôîðìàöèè è ìîäóëåé ïðàâèë äëÿ ýòîãî ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ ðàçðàáîòàíà äèíàìè÷åñ- êàÿ ìîäåëü ïðîãíîçà ñåáåñòîèìîñòè, ñîäåðæàùàÿ 214 óðàâíåíèé. Íà îñíîâàíèè ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõ äàííûõ 2000 ãîäà ïðîâåäåíà ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêàÿ èäåíòèôèêàöèÿ ìîäåëè, â ðåçóëüòàòå êîòîðîé ïîëó÷åíû çíà÷åíèÿ ïàðàìåòðîâ (èõ ÷èñëî ðàâíî 187), îáåñïå÷èâàþùèå òî÷íîñòü ïðîãíîçà 3,5 %. Íà îñíîâàíèè ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõ äàííûõ î ðàáîòå ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ çà ìàðò 2001 ãîäà ïðîâåäåíà ïðîâåðêà àäåêâàòíî- ñòè ìîäåëè. Ñðàâíåíèå ïðîãíîçèðóåìûõ ïî ìîäåëè è ôàêòè÷åñêèõ äàííûõ î ðàáîòå ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ ïîêàçàëî, ÷òî òî÷íîñòü ïðîãíîçà íå õóæå 5%. Íà ðèñóíêå ïðåäñòàâëåíû êðèâûå ïðîãíîçèðóåìîé ïî ìîäåëè è ôàêòè÷åñêîé ñåáåñòîèìîñòè îäíîãî èç âèäîâ ïðîäóêöèè. 9500 9750 10000 10250 10500 10750 11000 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 Прогноз Факт Ïðîãíîçèðóåìàÿ è ôàêòè÷åñêàÿ ñåáåñòîèìîñòü Àíàëèç óêàçàííûõ äàííûõ ïîçâîëèë ñäåëàòü âûâîä îá àäåêâàòíîñòè ïðîãíîçà ïî ìîäåëè è ïðàêòè÷åñêîé çíà÷èìîñòè ðàçðàáîòàííîé ìåòîäèêè. Äàííàÿ ìåòîäî- ëîãèÿ èäåíòèôèêàöèè ïðåäíàçíà÷åíà äëÿ ñèíòåçà àäàïòèâíûõ ñèñòåì óïðàâëå- íèÿ çàòðàòàìè ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ. Íàçíà÷åíèåì óêàçàííûõ ñèñòåì ÿâëÿåòñÿ ôîðìèðî- âàíèå ðåêîìåíäàöèé äëÿ ðóêîâîäñòâà ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ ïî óïðàâëåíèþ åãî äåÿòåëü- íîñòüþ ïðè ðåøåíèè çàäà÷ ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ïîðòôåëÿ çàêàçîâ, îïåðàòèâíîãî ïëà- íèðîâàíèÿ è ïåðåïëàíèðîâàíèÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâà â óñëîâèÿõ ñîâðåìåííûõ íåñòàöèî- íàðíûõ ýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ. Ïðèìåíåíèå ñèñòåì äèíàìè÷åñêîãî ïðîãíîçà è óïðàâëåíèÿ ñåáåñòîèìîñòüþ ïîçâîëÿåò ïîëó÷èòü àäåêâàòíóþ îöåíêó çàòðàò, ñîêðàòèòü èçäåðæêè ïðîèçâîäñòâà è óâåëè÷èòü ïðèáûëü ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ. Ïîñòóïèëà â ðåäêîëëåãèþ 12.10.2001 Êðèâîäóáñêèé Îëåã Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷, êàíä. òåõí. íàóê, äîöåíò êàôåäðû ÏÌ è ÒÑÓ Äîíåöêîãî íàöèîíàëüíîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, 83055, Äîíåöê, óë. Ùîðñà, 51, êâ. 73, òåë. (0622)-93-51-11. Øóøóðà Àëåêñåé Íèêîëàåâè÷, àñïèðàíò êàôåäðû ÏÌ è ÒÑÓ Äîíåöêîãî íàöè- îíàëüíîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, 83117, Äîíåöê, óë. Ïåòðîâñêîãî, 119À, êâ.60, òåë. (0622)-93-51-11, (0622)-94-53-07. Ix[lTU=Sz3mIQZ X6`AT$Lфi)UTF>xb4("JbS*`ZV|XrsN_k>dY$"ZH1pC1lt 12v%"޽&!Lj3bfI֨:gVW!WL}z(7C0#1I ˃=K3z;O=Ƙ Ȯщ:u;A's1?jmstB4<ϵEM^uXNkvXڈ(ӛ[?I7Lӭl_72Zivsq']8*<'jcmwIy`LIPH2ezn2zQez9j ϰp'7Ymp3EO#Ό4R*e".z`y969˺ 0y}G3Ecm C/Ǟ NS6` 'BK2SvB1x sXNLupàkq;Q;TB]l,#W; =rtr h\~%_Taa1afaۑ۠B[(:^ BZm YmE0z==EZzX .Qpd1lL6} m~`p5<݄EފL.s; &FG~ \ _8u+?+@& TN;,:=܄^; ~Z|>Oq*z7z2x#[4}\dП0Zv'?&1u3D1+i$y%$Kk?bbxl_Ov%wklDHwVw|ϸHYxٻq!jϦt=GwSu]KfՕH]ÿ 'O?~ڟ? L Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:41  | /lt(16N%2%/1J v{x ^E竛Dl 鎢3o!Ā(4t1C$qd =#eVA}\Ef@}qqEegmB"MH0 ad{꛷nNIznR]uO:UuΩso[J0_!k{Bj'µ{j僶U!|~_o;b֫ sÅaa8?\j 焋 h~u[Ok =_vu=qv$KV<욬;Txۢ?+4ެЭЧPSUZ '5EɫRy@]W/jV,_[iD HZ r~!p#7.wWXwim^r!t?>ro܃CO'-x޽=/T.}wa[:p]SX ez4tǝvΕ{7 *Ly?PQ:e;t6;qA8Ke~57ԍLϾ4 -+tm#GKr L)t(fL|lܱtܱ}Z0S/5W#3]A_RVO' G҈Fɸڤ~źyr \0>JlƭEn~J7(mӡCl:nVSsP[cDc"X1ٜ׭y(xovl-{##X;u]}X{bl|0x]dN"=Gx~u|6o1R"Ut,rKez3L1̖ܾ`K1yW>Gno;FΗu_/,iSzZ[~ a8ܥHG_ (M&"~8'ͥ 'ܮpK:.(Nk|@9pHsi ,m e]Ś/ KrߖU,7/+0~ToB{xl?<^5Sɒ+ܫ;ft1d7*R#LQ)X_CZ0·H'3یј| U߂&Cl: _~VH׿E*GGζѯu يN֎? $_W*o4jYGZϕ?X5_rSXѯ=`;Bi_C9)3HWS &o hdҹGX˲h]nHb抟KOBxk yL)d!ZF!<`y2)<.O<<SbS9z{do)b/|jzps3tyTR~#67Sίl So:O^ ܔ?4 +Sa <*lfؚ,j*<'J?~+*AZ]~*tX! J?6ձV'RZ#0#_LˉE <8@br>#q !tbӎEƴLz];q2S2d^CK,ɘ nd<<%\:宗r=@VTb0O# +GF3V ;Z>ynerKp 8<+‹ac&J1"%u$jjx_/5;ԔԜ Od~ѩcFQZ֌U>EaP`Y-'=1"C< 'M8n+4I IY}8CaM[?\|ٻGNnJ+/`}2?'3k P}hF8E|6+'׍gEa<~/`6,/Z_&!27 7|.po  'q=g.#A"hN.`4>6$Y"ϻ Y?@k#ܔU1dY$$?^d}dZNd6YU+UiͰ>Ϋ'Sy)Ќ1ǒ&@t,#e88n!0p=iց!9TL M l~\btZobW\ u>bs$ ?rO 56!MMn}>PhVrM&=Ok: b\;}OI!kҬxlm! Jo}{Eų10.whwZY<_Q2>P/C"-M#UEN+\1M>}ホ4{s_^nl C-©z~iI:A3f͛^MKxq Y ݶy }u93 Xx6u;G_}ጯ?WhoUiuyyܒ<}p8q%\7%Ew٪Niw4NO0YKy_t&;/{ :C}=!.A>"Hz$ A~<ٓ~v̙3?{pPAp)^$i.WѤ^ӼEo&uϨT SgSb|CeRx `^HQ>PZ3&ZWcqL$1XIͯDc~#y]?_ HFxHSx<d}&ެU£^ mM̝Asr lI Z}ҎY^z<܉{̗cu=/,Kc~;gȧ]7z'\yEo/jYgPWi[z 3+6[}\b.b{`ۙ8 v#_}6hy7Wy5MӇоRaAASR^gvDIc># 7 g"g"IMWv7[cGs8ÃFN8b (,v٭Ok3y9[)ix^ӻujl$`fG_k3`9>%y4KA z >.˽a#^b\h}΃tߡ%{t`f hSXi[ѳ󲎑 Z#mR@7S:ԑx 櫔=3}SǤS],vUX sX.-p0C\#;]>G)66!6k9=Yt}NwVQ =5O $uO ƶڝ>Ͽ1߹;3%uZ*ں}fk‹ϯE 4F5fST1>ck|o&u=R|Cfڗ£>kd޲=+1Gzjm\=Ml YZҤcM22U;<&^L^ܾ)Y7z";xd{Uk]kG'?G]̞<C:h=NsK<'X7S<ډEr媽9jC3i\ouhި["cuu${֒Ôc/m-Ηjy9.`W;-vlYm}XW"Þ)4o~ߐ|ѧ_+Ltz3P,{{pS4Vk~wSW JS͎]y'3ooBt;99^GO}YO!I ~^yCAYp\i5^:7R๽ I?&Qn1yI6!kg}9{DV?i]ӓO{[d ~g8 g'v93Tqﶺ=h(M<5ɀ2 ^)I zUvW+5ٯeXO?^ |'6]^A#xzkƷ7i6G ^#x1Fcz|{AܒZ5bHǶוQ-wnohZ|qƛ%zښГlV>#}y,F>/nyguEFco+lf$5ؖ׎Kw,Si6ضm;5ǾAp?"O!r;{?/g} Cg8eoPSvv`'jC;_cz֎w(ޠ߫\Q?;Y,NC.)ėmR@~R[e?)Rf݆Z1.yN 5@YGv(C|bp':1c\iR|ʁro3Z+m?ضEnUU~bcױEپ܈lv'[ςt–ϦTW^ͲH}x4"FŮ"y|Vj̳O]u~#OV[eZ<ˋ21}o[۶WmwǗǝ̈ض?l]7؊݃\Ķ-۞a{jOڞg*6 ;!l2A]uZ_-mo *{sj.# {ibmZ9"{ǻ' KVtnioB)<(|J:1l`4i 6V˫{zmoc[>@>֕)Eݍ|h,;KC<>W )=*wiA0S4/V^3Ԅox}lmۧŸ#M {89.VV8 2/}B}fB>X:=z@kDl`?]|*- Z>Mm4]E K$(p \L_*ͪxk4 ޿i5C£>l וN7e'1yL׵}*5C!e7=,A=>*m=*O~gL)YUQ z'E޿u5_Agߠ8Xk.֓ؾFv}M{ՆfjyaWh9Qۡ5~[^U8w{M;(7Ia-A&[} ezyۛ5~'P |mERgU{m+N}l߃G0ƫ4G]-|E9i7cD5wbq375I8|w .E ?Oqs/\7/on,:},90 F z=^{^\Wb-_)QM=뤦1jo)g7yN/[?og DZo>;VdiBOb|SxqIЋ^\wĐ^\S znjn-1 /lnݐo] bt.Ǚ|Z$1>f|ۡس6h~s%ET5Xoםqx^KxzR‹xW*"[ZϘqm i bh|9eK= wh,R^R|bTw'g )ė4 % ޮr쓬.$7r)*-=! h0j!Gxzw˻+7ox"ہ`aO\ x< A7Q)m'rÐW='=>"6=q Q^~L1YKML*f]?1$賮=Ι^7)C Zg|"_Qv?WʞK:﹈-ѹOw=8V"cmm}~?DA s6x|6u}!6PU&[jsŹ`[[_>K}훵}h5?vu /+|=SSmsƯ&q5_;5 5Iwr~'"*oX-jlMo<Ʒ@qqhˁo􁹌huQu=mUy4}A1eh7?-x佫u_u-cQ~m܄f ;ԔWX ~w+0_0>g3?X^Y׻Eg% E6{es"O:4W#~_pƼ1q,U~k|VX />#|.xɮ76jߙ_gƋ[~Sbi~tLvo:KPn |܏oz-'T'.>-=N͏zNAz:}g1FVלi?s4guߕ~w+=%gu{]7ؚ #*^9Ӿ0y(`}W_(rV7^*~*M^9<~u żI>tjAV)NxWz\gs?,šWλ?G}vO S63.1phK4&4)o<{rN1.g.v;FҜ7B:‹3sM{kGC3n}y2}9̾|y\{HnwKl^+{NU6}tؽe<ޚ)Wno|3o\$"|odF6a›v'mֶ.0_c4{e=-aO?IvxMu;`' {)^NՔO[;FQbdx_ľF ,i%3.MDpß!mơe :qX5Eߔ<{V&;PR/5 ٜ *u6 Edr>"} (k*OSqsy?ʐ6o?91g*Ci]> k{5PLvU_8 _vUO)t+9Nkd!~m!Á[1'+xOHS>}W>xF[{9vJS7^ZwQo^܏#U&UʳKS:I?Xw;.c۳ͳs}9 C9qEb^o]76/my4 &m3͵ϱb~誴1Q7N㞌l mcO^@U{Ň~uϿu N6<1Y1 rc5)ޱx=ޅ)z1޿ʸH)+G;A*Lj~2Nu;lpf ۽kHwkZ סbym|qgևkg=a6GK!`'bӛXڋ%ޯ@lz98n.@]KpCq/\. K5C/9rZpU]?|{Yp? ;XS*M|{˾0 ] t]ۋй {n/כ=Ε;U +_(8ԗ.췶6_gտ{w_T,o}6*1fZs}1i<ϙsϸL\c|dHp~Gydy#cG@qHFP|BI~佳7W4/5} GPSgdǼG9th$ t֌c6]T=@0ړjJ忥Fm+?EǿOZ; Z8\_~i!+ :HHȿ@8 4k@fdzb٣{u^O<"à! %M >y.u'78 r|N o: N|I٢҉{1_Ն˔&։/P;KX^bu=~ig1u˼g~,Xu9b4 1NNC`yapwH;iĞִcגYDIa=4gېi8_!;kO 3Α9q+ ϛ)RtwE#}ڂ\3Ke̺n8#L-x)kY8Ȅ<4,mz\yEYh{hNLrP]{uJ3Wk-8kv`ԑlf')^k #yb}'w4+8[]ܻpqz@(CyÕ߫KnSv(XHtno0Ni }KIc[#7ȝwIp^i+@R925~}C{N{W7K{W.a-RVF;?z"N<:)qqSŝ!KpN\ѩ^ |\K: loiˑ-wp z\_gC^fYg{A6=2+x|fS`LUn-Zո|ۅCl߂ 1=H;}ŚaO)U,Ϙ^\A.,,-48 ÓÄÊ 621.391 È.Í. ÒÅÌÍÈÊΠÀÍÀËÈÇ ÑËÎÆÍÎÑÒÈ ÍÅËÈÍÅÉÍÛÕ ÏÎÑËÅÄÎÂÀÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÅÉ ÌÀÊÑÈÌÀËÜÍÎÉ ÄËÈÍÛ Ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ ìåòîäèêà àíàëèçà ñëîæíîñòè ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòåé äå Áðåé- íà. Ïðèâîäèòñÿ ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ñëîæíîñòè äëÿ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòåé ñòåïåíè 8. Ïîâûøåííûé èíòåðåñ ê øèðîêîïîëîñíûì ñèãíàëàì âûçâàí ïðîáëåìîé ïîâû- øåíèÿ ïîìåõîçàùèùåííîñòè ñèñòåì ïåðåäà÷è èíôîðìàöèè. Äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ ýòîé ïðîáëåìû øèðîêî èñïîëüçóþòñÿ íåëèíåéíûå ïñåâäîñëó÷àéíûå ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíî- ñòè, îáëàäàþùèå âûñîêîé íåïðåäñêàçóåìîñòüþ. Íåïðåäñêàçóåìîñòü ñòðóêòóðû ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ ýêâèâàëåíòíîé ëèíåéíîé ñòåïåíüþ èëè ñëîæíîñòüþ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè.  ñòàòüå ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ ìåòîäèêà àíàëèçà ñëîæ- íîñòè ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòåé, êîòîðûå ãåíåðèðóþòñÿ ïðè ïîìîùè ìåòîäà, ïðèâå- äåííîãî â [1]. Ïåðèîäè÷åñêàÿ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü ,...} s ,..., s , s { } s { i 1 0 i  ñ ïåðèîäîì ð ïîëíîñòüþ îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ýëåìåíòàìè îäíîãî ïåðèîäà è ðàññìàòðèâàåòñÿ êàê äâîè÷íûé ð – ðàçðÿäíûé íàáîð (èëè âåêòîð) ) p ( B s  , ãäå ) s , s ,..., s , s ( s 1 p 2 p 1 0    . Ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü, ãåíåðèðóåìàÿ n-ðàçðÿäíûì ñäâèãîâûì ðåãèñòðîì ñ îá- ðàòíîé ñâÿçüþ, èìååò ñòåïåíü n. Ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü ) s ,..., s , s ( s 1 p 1 0   ñî ñòåïåíüþ n ìîæåò áûòü ïðåäñòàâëåíà â âèäå çàìêíóòîãî öèêëà â ãðàôå äå Áðåéíà n G , â êîòîðîì êàæäûé ýëåìåíò öèêëà ïðåäñòàâëåí âåêòîðîì ) n ( B s i  , ãäå ) s ,..., s , s ( s 1 n i 1 i i i     . Ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü ,...) s ,..., s , s ( } s { i 1 0 i  óäîâëåòâîðÿåò ëèíåéíîìó ðåêóððåíò- íîìó óðàâíåíèþ ñòåïåíè m, åñëè 0 i , 0 s a s m 1 j j m i j m i         . Ðåêóððåíòíîå óðàâíåíèå ìîæíî òàêæå ïðåäñòàâèòü â âèäå ðàçíîñòíîãî óðàâ- íåíèÿ       m 1 j i j m j m 0 i , 0 s ) E a E ( , ãäå Å – îïåðàòîð ñäâèãà êîíå÷íîé ðàçíîñòè, ò.å. 1 i i s Es   . Ðàçíîñòíîå óðàâíåíèå, çàïèñàííîå â ïîëèíîìèàëüíîì âèäå      m 1 j j m j m 0 x a x , íàçûâàåòñÿ õàðàêòåðèñòè÷åñêèì óðàâíåíèåì â êîíå÷íûõ ðàçíîñòÿõ, à ìíîãî÷ëåí – ñâÿçàííûì ìíîãî÷ëåíîì. Ëþáàÿ ïåðèîäè÷åñêàÿ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü ) p ( S s  óäîâëåòâîðÿåò ëèíåéíîìó ðåêóððåíòíîìó óðàâíåíèþ 0 i , 0 s ) 1 E ( i p    . Ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü s òàêæå ìî- æåò óäîâëåòâîðÿòü ëèíåéíîìó ðåêóððåíòíîìó óðàâíåíèþ ñòåïåíè ìåíüøå p. Òîãäà s èìååò ñëîæíîñòü c(s): )) E ( f deg( ) s ( C  , ãäå 0 i , , 0 s ) E ( f i   – ëèíåéíîå ðåêóððåíòíîå óðàâíåíèå íàèìåíüøåé ñòåïåíè, êîòîðîå îïèñûâàåò s. Åñëè ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü èìååò ñëîæíîñòü ñ, òî êîýôôèöèåíòû a i â ðåêóððåí- òíîì óðàâíåíèè ìîæíî îïðåäåëèòü èç 2ñ ýëåìåíòîâ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè, à îñòàâ- øèåñÿ ýëåìåíòû ìîæíî ïîëó÷èòü èç ðåêóððåíòíîãî ñîîòíîøåíèÿ [2]. Ðàññìîòðèì âåðõíþþ è íèæíþþ ãðàíèöó ñëîæíîñòè äâîè÷íîé ïîñëåäîâàòåëü- íîñòè äå Áðåéíà ñ ïåðèîäîì 1 n , 2 n  . Îíè îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ ñëåäóþùåé òåîðåìîé. /x}lUǟ߽ڗVXu,B _-"nva&Fn:3E67JsVX,R^ډ -/0%zy=';ܝC+2?M|{y^^f {&72}3/N#)=?#Ŧ*ב3VX9+{VL6#^hJ+q95FB)1e&SNH,jzTCK%Kz|yʒnT^be2N)ߓ&K>VOs9[z#-z|rFrs. 945]gSKmgvFX|Q$riyXH2_27MH&y%, m#rWP_αu<@V!ךcӬCF8{hg͢:?3XDy6.Xv30 P,DJNV!oiCRi%${wy.?mp֎} ~Gю{qJDB1'9CH :Ye/U21X'qĒK_+&y\=pglspk?y2/ׇ0 ZlW9h>+ɽX~:BaSNzq[d1yٶYeBiG ۧYo.9kD"ȜĹY,X .b̯ỢSVV 44˚9kDmi~j>#sv"˰co=QXnsP W}d7՞qlh̽ՎM/N4' 9?g\y;dMd/$e͋o^jۉIyg vN}Vg@})yÍޕk#   \DuнrJ>Ϸzz _~7u{f9_[dP. c +i;:3Vx'-FwRm؁#wߍG2;.x3)2~\mցJ{kk? o N51$-pUuRiBljb8_kj+ߎ/,mDf~G']֏Q!/z nFU Pe_&\ODK*\hYeFv5F۠T}y(T&be_D d =*(nԮf']L'eF250^o`bTAw ;ŹO:Q#$B]u[sw/ӫi GwN5ZޱO׺SO긑LZ4Ĺqw~9CoOKwh_\^ܹTwCN ~RŠFWl;mwN>}>y}^{Sy8{4-w\xܺGw;b~;^8͑n1.qåư0         \.SR2Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:41  4Zv& 3$Z,Z(16Xv2v/3:Z1nm{x ŵ;0 nAU@D@GĕQѐTPP2&-h$-Q܂k⒨_DcԘё"bĈ}4,FpNSTթ}{RιSM.ureDWdJp.{a:r+~r%emr"%ݜgK@=Ge K$7ǝNsg`Rm.D4=v&~tcF-nrUN] GםKEn23z"+=Ej0)*v^#Rws+&,ۣfװ}{V0n9s㏞~]˭4ԮGGt^~ˣ#5+?4&H'ү q3Y07MxS:qmuWr>,& 1mg(g t[#z%=97UWÄNjtoY]ʣZ!+$erc[^ْW?bTc`2җ|g''twևq5 [7ͅ-'JoM.|rgh…ll||%6[kk 6Ix|li)%כlJ-`-xz~wrBz{֭ 6>ގWom] 7;Zoz뒠7槮M: 6Po= m~`ނUmpkTIzc魵^0_yHqhͼ\=^@Bg^0MeOݛn]t-;huOFd؏f S; _X@}ByI}`O˺/=ܱnR3Z>_ȳ;ڮ"j{w PmhBm?vjٹȾvq=ZPG>NrQ*z˻j_Ϭ&䉅$mPo7zO%Ql~oFIlEp\VuOz|\aY/wҝWHW}fC/1ΏwE}6^v渳- 幆n]/wϮ~dW/75jDF땾U~npxn7ya;`9{D|zߍswRGE1M石$xRLQ٩oWVLWu<E:AZAdc&\oՎ;PiXJ]TKj(Ql,8}mm%0D܆o)`7Z6S'O(w,xr8ڧ_ӣмi̾X?ؚydefm|?7骵XV~ߩN:GƕԋjMa1SwÚy4_֚bM_ҹ_V7:<d Pۮn[_k\%zc4(/W|~{Ų;`js]t/Q#У}[+z="= Cx띮N-sCeqYV$:,9pm'oܟ-m7FgL?"r^3auϽϳ1gg$Ig*x$5c_:ϔۢ }sOZ.rIL_C=}1_{ vy橊E[_Knp[E=rߜgr<@Zsn|1M?Kw:DdtjE_&|:L6~7 FP=?I\l:%XIhkp >2į} 2# o%@E?y'O'$g,q+:˭t*/{=g0{Lsze1m_/g,󝝎Q?^ոb_q˧*(HOoαv?Oi'?Ug>Mg%^i',i#| vMu_ݶ3*-Iu|{mu:ܷax^?䋵WOƕIg_:Kln7\ggIW|~a75ڕ7rC=a~I۠=߃OvdE('Çk_.,-=~{=/|6Ƀk|?|4&6~-CMu'eItkdIt˶~*@6kQHtN˱X}HMC37yg1~C|Z͟ՆŚHnjD 3;amN(wp{oe__WmWOo[+0Og')*dKL=]cvI1֌M{ǀ?)f&~:)o4}я#ru4m Fw$:0:6It>ڍwPJvߜbvnD޷Ѿo3xzhgהՊֿ,V8IC}So'l4x7xŠ"D~&y ϗRYk;ܰ|;ݪ~i:m.?;l9l|;>妌iIۅ>.uwIy7%1h?/ߛOǺWߒϧMA /𿰝ZO-6>}[o}xbT*<37_2h`|34FRd8\=Kx0w7,@;z_lYpM,AMZ{xkʯYU= w~)cp=Azhg~mov}x>EQ0e_}x2q zM랸H{JZ~I>k0m/NRld 6bbO^{^,fM&~M߻ID?}PvD?S{Li2W[.k>&rlWΗc֜$~Iϩg_!؄=Ӝ̧aI>õ1o;6{^Gj%e!~f'E~Nyfel~h9uKx?͘^{uO$:yr\ϯW:ׄ=]cIϽۖu{IeoLsߏў;1:RlnϽ{XON:}M#d=g:Οr}߿ۗ$5moO>඼B4'oLghmz1W}9}/T><8s2ܜ[kegaye}KM748WæmmJ=־')X3?`g~Ľ17#+]4y߇]3kM}P[?(U73~YCO;طz|%"ځVX ׵ ϢhJujINJ$; ݍZ_gU'y}gN7rؔt"Nm}%6G==8.~IؓlE>0c'/[p[|`\2{nX ӿ-1Y`$,Z#s{ hE_fƟe/|b{k~9Tee8 +6dVD/eP+/; -P=q\|E%D8.veNH[|[#S7#HY|VS<7\<}Vw~%=*a\<%˻D_x7_+`p&/O}~O΅dFYs%W(\J6_.z+zIrիd÷ٹ6~„eV6z0y1]~:&2ieoYGGBr6ׂ/s;ʽ~f&Y,?SnrZdy )rr$<2tZrÜ X> Z3m~@a0SycZ_0h&/:d>4E>ty_9om\ߡ?jWb RF_Y:Ceo˵)κ џƘ q-0>&9VXMnSYb9 +u!J_}c?m̬;Gyؚ,e"42EFG{qSKs~lz E^VTKHӦşE &X۔By5m;GQ\]qFC [zW{L,}lyWdB51({MyK^e0 xZ_m.(c6ihYoieEr財줼䴿Yb41򇑲ATwtɗH?#}>@BP^f 'mpя$}bM7^ծ=]uu'ա`yd /䃳Qr!V]Gsלehfٛn~!'C=8 xxc{}F~+C6)֛'fMA>t@LNV 8ߔx[>))ލöf}C 7Lm|AJGW"$9Q;~m_oھR)[~J:o/ 7-]m.54.kXMOoF̷FfS_ sϜovh^n ~/HGэ.@w̆*vkًS/(Š_z}G0kn&#V0Tp%@*p Xc/ct>~ ,6ϥ6eĚk?.c{8M{IPN?_5gF&ZQ/ Tƻ/Uo7Nd+`Kg^&#in_G/(Hxkv& Sc:(au::ſl{dnԒt[=l߷}++|I1L> g ]` C[S8#υ· 5W,Q.Ɗt\6_K[I߬Y:UROxWq̵ADszJ0m#NNƷR0@_/w1šlW+ &c$2I_Pߠ$Xz#-dC&3]򹧌#рg|AЀɇlQyUyPH((o-ӫ/O+M ݽ9ՠ{qR䢯٤2*!9m :9`2'yYXfޣ'MOMGf F 6.~]Vm\"y呷oͺW/އ |c|^Щ FfvngٷkwhiD˷QG~Uޏ  ڳ[n+җYk@lvh2ݱ1mL~o!yOUq~y_~&d'M2-Zm?BJ?m58&2{CʡG>uCO ȃ3#ϞyH1KEm[U'm=˭yU!m9߻!,Qу Ol q-Bڤz;82o! V*\HoKϣ7?K[Oz7p|ii ȧHuTo~f6޾ކ?\\_oǫ7mpkPo`NOog~v/vjqy+=i힭UUk/Yyl}?sr5_l<:(PVaL}?L; d XdO֍;Ӟk{=x{cT=:'/2cN{0v2`'ʣIMSY& ),`L9?.>Ye6mc%7T~LT~,WY=,o;Nœx[oɦ^V9m6xX HWvWꢁ̌{o vIt䁩gi+ʌv`s7ޤԃ00[[??e6 V] f.ď}Ly{*/io{Z]uh%+#?fﴦy;2HUp{&xNHzTPk2T  W`6RR1gˋ~|Y)1zY7 >"|ew3/yF0"UΙGM/|ZL_&ṅlW  9ozzrNil坮g ;UD{~;C4Ys8p~Nxpe< ĝNSn;C@#X.gt>FuJ_rƊcc0ACrƑqiӲ7Z=b.0_虧GX_KrD9zO-}e|CY&ϟv@O ElGFj1ok/THǼy"p'\i+(# 6ll gk[ Ҕ~#Wǁ2Ɓu:i.VnVBd~`rN NVaAǚrj8cS\؝lU: ll>Bc|zQbKٸ٘:ʘX0&S1%c[NGghlX_X6\Wu)͊Cv_MN- onAU[h]mZiP+i*g =%)Vu`[a- =[K`ЗP J72)Ba [^q"͜ac>N>4~(73>QrgVe+g40uY7ճ5=:mek1mXC7G]qOӎv;j f̆);+ʫپ9I NU`2V8Gip忉9]{Vw)ohʈ"ߎ<' P"p~Nɍ;HkHGi_wNL%#yݡGt! Y]ҾcF[9}!l}o4Sn`/O=x{pv&Ezvދ防וWI:^ǃx;7 *6WN^Sz;+yJ#JgŇq-`\ی7`!;I[hkt'h*XLA}Ыʭό/I4G7uo{tv#]Q籒kNq˺Å cNvwvpKRw+>msac/d~tWs%twursɨ~Z~?C.z]W+I97U9Vfݾ% 㞵jl*W֯_}~d-Dx:;wz*۵dL>%+X2$Q%{*ٻdO݅gihda-#̼10 *46* .<͓;,T*COic&tUJϗFb?Os7jF#{>+;S&+aI%}y@_^~Xmn.qYV/ktM\VU[--57P>5_/6X7#&fVD~kW?Vr}s˶<_'k/x\`<~Ou͕ھA #=SFm]#磶g*m?Q7snߨq}So%[m">Q۳puܛm֜+$7k+¬9&ϔ.mm3:m윶s;mMmckh߇l>YkWۿqouϑƒoSf#e5>Wk~MV&gୄoM)"lslkkΝD53?Nziފ?]v }+8unψ"Ypڿ摥M7u3V)n7;7_y92o5$RJ'|++N?6 hSCxÕAal?$R ?|LVq$PaUJXȃ^Y{ xFߎMnGqӼβ'+~b. '\nW-"V:s^/\$]u%tgZB m ߙH D˱Fu7`~_;[H-'b-NƛgĮ>**PElv<ң$=<ڃFyt?fD7Ftf'ּITěmGe=}2x"cئ|``ޤ{=w{>ѷDbqy{l}P_{^cN kQZZ7@1;k6;^--˖m-1ZN9.nyI:wo,*pQy{ѯ ˖F\k.>qߜ1fwؠ`Y xFN~2: [F3 ǖݛ?FqY*7}g j_)<kKY~hrgژ!}U},Ba"}gab]MQ.Nۜ;Jnb]MuvGźhm(u6.ھ)jb]M?ṯ&sH}Ŝcti;m켣&Dmck6&FߴѶ@'[m`&tCJaxK&l`+Yph{VS)tHcl?_-q ikMi-1J4-oMV-M6gVٹꇖk6q }vG5hms(k6q &AנmΚY&A5hmwT\hsnGM\cd/;/cנm윶jmckuT5h}6.F嬧Rg.@\d2eq(#V]x3kb*~iM@]萸|q׸B >QVۨFT@,Uo5> qiY\tk~tϗ=`O0qCk}{#h >It7߻]:IUf\gq^Ê`w?']<`zem6:D5a>WV8*^xS+RDnFˏW,G[pK{G#|h]s ^xŮnvOA5ko;ͭ;+^W.W%^UWPO[f[0Pۜ~XmLU?b>#= &^Aۿxmsmq%7 &^A+h9Cv+hxm펊W6WQrxHm2Ǫ>slf~s0h;m켣&^Amck6 FߴѶ Z ¬S+G^@$ˏWR'-^'_~1^˒v+~!t#Mm d Sk1ɶ9??7nws|t+n7y+IZef˽w@W @3n'o`t57~n`O+Zۓ'exߏW}*n6{0~-izΚgv͘';_ȭ2XlI5k]sq ^/uVeoO޵?{OŎki5ik}Zc/i(qgAaJ>PmנGmwT\96罎mנmQq Iۜ5;JnM\kvG5hs.ms(9]tTq i;喝k6FZGM\7mbM׸A!wa|?A=ðeu0kՍqշ`|vɝWԲ0Lߘ=y7|#KΏ}I>|/GJ6;7(MUƛ/^n+nxEߍ]gW$ŵ4<|BQ\KߍVFƲM` "7_H_ӫO~~7_ߍ]s ^xܣ(lwKOީoЯNW nYu|tx*񊸯JzZ˞YbJxgRt ژ!Y ԕ+} &^A+h99u?UMWL/smΐ&^A+hxmwThkGJm2>fut i;喝5h[먶W6m]xۺ? /LyI{ |O{+xjUcf#VxŏW\v6xOdx},^aSj< {7BFw_ߍo{sCW>~/%t;h M55D$1nfˬ'+:w#7lv}{yt?КDYBgN]QbW` d9'~<uǧYIKݥetS+~ًxbQ/TBɔ;w c1>;/F/+* iLU-^A b[MnZ g/Bϫgg~7B+hQmq9ڤmMg N1cD!i3$ms(W6 &^AmίfsḵHŎW)QuQwkΊmkmfmAn}o֖ jiiͺF۬kͺF1k9ZG9k*r6rvG9k*m6k*mwԚʘ2欩5#;j;mn U[ZYã|<+/_#\|iZO[oֶr}64ߗ4X89ZC ;{\~~K('R $ZNU~rd%Z)Zd.`pu~niBGWo2Y,\] 94#rF7}f:mdTWYv@\6Oɯ姏}RD`0}K/v?uwە=i6OjE|gn: yi{ ߃Ia{;R[>E.Q8L/w8 ]łn[&|0iѻ ?d!u<_FmEd|IsmOՂUҌgyzfTpItyT32UCd l{YذOG6i`yۂHiEuB~n'Np1*"ߍRޞrnw.T}WFT*տR|/Kˤs,K߳|RFv-Itw,w_ ٴ*e *_=7#|pUN[bN1iWt*cvٹ[yXݻi")ѣQ_z=Koh]{>+Uf+Q٠=V6 :Xgc[{t&>.GO;WI:~ƾX#a\S^67>7uЍ70bŝ뤥ruvӉ~ N {Ƴ ~ȣ4:"Y.=CMZ+)~~3sܲV_|]:ɜ5w/N-Cuq=yRgeJ}9$흾k/?Y|g9u\Y>WMbUwÚyOJZs*Z3{V._}G~}}vWRk kKl4-ǹk g}j$+;PbuTs3OLE=SkC{ڰ3{Yu.j闾%8WJWl{Źsa?ukR$hn=Z{`ofةo#{ywE/g61x k2dYqn*0ضǜK͕$J[[7D)[ѽ\}Vҹ¾.-szŜ+$31Id G do Pp_|.CNkOFKƑu`9Sӧe~RL%'E#2s~_W<ׅI7 Z|[^~U}JL-K܄lJ^t>LU4>d9W[zu5ߪi'zZkaW%SKUc F6-e!Xyͭ!'; ΗؗmL bk͝Kdz9,Y0֓c5Ə_[CzTez  m4yI7Ƿ:!dCUR*tK _d?23G00w&/6cd!~H5Ͼd}&燴(^+z[CZrď3d|~GF^[CKȉ~>~%K>_o ,;fW]1ׅa 7Q{ۖ,I*4t o%'{"'Gi}I7wP=="3>p's [$k=%6Ј0m)-H?@/==xm~m)(p4]Wn!"( #iAJ>@Nd1/x=hoԸ݀驲t?1{|ߔ!SמmKPB+}ijkAzoO p4[(diAJ|'X?|$@N~ak=0gwozOɝ7fijr^xm#&=)[P!G{ zD~Ӡ>Ap7Ak[~AIN C&&tfcLÿJ2{ti oAE,Kg=3[ G]LMPAW-](˔~FЯ?TǩGЯMa沷s#W&e][w*Jp&d&(8( "843>51ZGp$%5T0L{ÅGF `1:LjXL ?B"=`|'q&}}zf{"[tew /IgwDpm[+["X,|~&S!녯\+?\OT{)d fZ_Ə mP_FNxΙ3 vTE_x@jWһfF0Hx`HC v `H?*=G^1rҟM5'=R [SN2 (.⏜]~+P{<(@fQ~#k2~R_=w nMojj/׸F%3k%OY߭'CCxPי"a_^{w N%Gp.Mpkӷb͂.@_M9ˌ3˻D{A?~(Sdpo2e_ ~/fg~!/{-+;~w6"7 nR}6 yK@ Nߙ.(K^'~<3&dJ%3:%#X#G v`Xe G0HeՂ?`7A_Axf@N^z0>/>7K#Y-\ٓ^jo1D8>;Wܻ{s-,ɟ Ϲf9ϴy bӕJ%?'wĺ;϶L_7ˣKp&vퟺbܛ} -}wZw*k֎Dx-9պ kPn=/ѮdD;jv4_B[eG<3Ԏػ{_b}SeG{kP*|oG_%MRkkQkg c:H*qסklƲuH7 Zj?Y l?~_Eii-@zJO},n?g?Kz~DTRyk)USVdVI9m~:HV||zΌ,`i z0iDDKq5dËuߗqaUTo}_R◣E'GO>r&mM~PZqxkS3w;Nh˵v^nG9lZ\Xqń}{7P޳ʚ9J=ͿdWR(){CVu󖯕l|x|nQ ƿTF3(jꖯG}8iYn<"`n<:04|;A[̓[e;d;˄ 󀲣+>.A3*{n=:<(|=Xן'W =|=O`σwTpn=:|qjjlvχ)Bal|0hRn|xD3p|m7&ۙ*?(:r>[#|4i~>..>' [;V}N-0Clgl 2\_-rY+; Z3IVr,,[49 Òåîðåìà [3]. Åñëè ) 2 ( S s n  , òî ñëîæíîñòü s íàõîäèòñÿ â ïðåäåëàõ n 1 n 2 ) s ( c 1 2     . Äîêàçàòåëüñòâî. Ïîñêîëüêó ) 2 ( S s n  , òî äëÿ âñåõ 0 i  0 s ) 1 E ( s ) 1 E ( i 2 i 2 n n     , íî åñëè ) 2 ( S s n  , òî ñóùåñòâóåò 0 i  òàêîå, ÷òî 0 s ) 1 E ( s ) 1 E ( i 2 i 2 1 n 1 n       è, ñëåäî- âàòåëüíî, n 1 n 2 ) s ( c 1 2     , ÷òî è òðåáîâàëîñü äîêàçàòü. Äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ ñëîæíî- ñòè ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòåé äå Áðåéíà èñïîëüçóåòñÿ àëãî- ðèòì, êîòîðûé ðàññ÷èòûâàåò ñëîæíîñòü ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíî- ñòåé ïåðèîäà n 2 N  çà N log øàãîâ [4]. Áëîê-ñõåìà ýòîãî àëãîðèòìà ïðåäñòàâëåíà íà ðèñóíêå.  òàáëèöå ïðèâåäåíû çíà- ÷åíèÿ ñëîæíîñòè ïîñëåäîâà- òåëüíîñòåé, ãåíåðèðóåìûõ ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ïðèìèòèâ- íûõ ìíîãî÷ëåíîâ ñòåïåíè 8. Ïðîâåäåííûé àíàëèç ïî- êàçàë, ÷òî èç 6 ãåíåðàòîðîâ ðàçðÿäíîñòè 8 n  ÷åòûðå âû- ðàáàòûâàþò ïîñëåäîâàòåëü- íîñòè ìàêñèìàëüíîé ñëîæíî- ñòè 255 ) s ( c  è äâà – ïîñëå- äîâàòåëüíîñòè ñî ñëîæíîñòüþ 254 ) s ( c  . Íà îñíîâàíèè èçëîæåííî- ãî âûøå ìîæíî ñäåëàòü âû- âîä, ÷òî ïðèâåäåííûé â äàí- íîé ñòàòüå ìåòîä ñèíòåçà ãå- íåðàòîðîâ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñ- òåé äå Áðåéíà ïîçâîëÿåò ïî- ëó÷èòü ãåíåðàòîðû, êîòîðûå âûðàáàòûâàþò ïîñëåäîâà- òåëüíîñòè ìàêñèìàëüíîé ñëîæíîñòè. Ñïèñîê ëèòåðàòóðû: 1. Òåìíè- êîâ È.Í. Ãåíåðàòîð íåëèíåéíîé ïñåâäîñëó÷àéíîé òåñòîâîé ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè// Âåñòíèê ÕÃÏÓ. Õàðüêîâ: ÕÃÏÓ, 2000. Âûï. 112. Ñ.130 – 134. 2. Beale M., Lau S.M.S. Complexity and autocorrelation properties of a class of de Bruijn sequences. // Electronics Letters. 1986. Vol. 22, ¹ 20. Ð. 1046 – 1047. 3. Chan A.H., Games R.A., Key E.L. On the complexity of de Bruijh sequences// J. Comb. Theory Ser. A. 1982. Vol. 33, ¹ 4. P. 233 – 246. 4. Games R.A., Chan A.H. A fast algorithm for determining the complexity of a binary sequences with period 2 n / / IEEE Trans. On Inform. Theory. 1983. Vol. 29, ¹ 1. Ð. 144 – 146. Ïîñòóïèëà â ðåäêîëëåãèþ 09.10.2001 Òåìíèêîâ Èãîðü Íèêîëàåâè÷, àñïèðàíò êàôåäðû àâòîìàòèêè è óïðàâëåíèÿ â òåõíè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåìàõ ÍÒÓ ÕÏÈ. Íàó÷íûå èíòåðåñû: âñòðîåííîå ñàìîäèàãíîñ- òèðîâàíèå öèôðîâûõ óñòðîéñòâ. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, 61202, Õàðüêîâ, óë. Àõñàðîâà, ä. 9, êâ. 113. òåë. 36-93-95. № п/п Примитивный многочлен Сложность c(s) 1 1 x x x x ) x ( 2 3 4 8       255 2 1 x x x x ) x ( 3 5 6 8       254 3 1 x x x x ) x ( 3 5 8       255 4 1 x x x x ) x ( 2 5 6 8       255 5 1 x x x x ) x ( 5 6 8       254 6 1 x x x x ) x ( 6 7 8       255 l = 1 a = 1 l = l/2 b = R(a)-L(a) b = 0 c = c+1 стоп c = c(s) c = c+1 a = L(a) a = b да нет нет да да нет Äà Äà Äà Íåò Íåò Íåò Ñòîï *4x pU׾!r BD2@0B!`J2NёG4QyX;HbxŎTE((`UZǑ{z 42cܙks-"=ډcDI)"+ YCOߟȶ6.rkٟ8!ٲ[vaQjYi}3ޭNX:\Oj:{_O#yN.N'rHp+*ly| uey !\zȑ\st4|IQ׮"M"o:ɨPJ̕y<[[^в[C591(29'WR\S,]M;BG#6n83cך"rP{QZ2TG"%agd%%!2Ii$])Ց78#>dԟ#1|?QX2!H:QPr0t!&Z{Qsʙ#f'};ɐ5 nbGyߌ f%8Y 8Vy7 QM9+oI.p&lQeE,u0£u>f<sORZcX=^,}=s 5ZYRLx^&9pgbh)qFүЬbYjѮa ~\@)1-KGJ(5fLdsLJER3DމN'"$L8<|7M;ȕqU|1:~s dzM8>%^ye~g{8M h>nNCy3^wP>^$Z7k3_Com;;;;yZ|gggk?ޙ~ݻkZZw{&gјY_m92 QyhF[CIMxoH]1|'Z vz\ .kK|^&׮r{ µ;_n ї?snb Y,P&&2OJ/bhAֲq-a*C9=9^qSM& ϣ}I--hB&'!})3i]@D\=d.y=su;ms7|uZ ρĎP.e y&cҷbr%Fy)@I+g֤&>pw Zh:o_?,VA9Y^L0AqPOmv+{i53o`2`&u+pڣ9Ow| rA>۰"TL&wuV'@! @/@3p^{ЎUV7z`su_fTl} lǾ݄07_q)|@xX66i4WF,5}F[)?A׶k5hshy)KZ]mCN5x]OD~j<]3gڞƯkgV59VVKvjڗH|jcv5vxz?DTZmǻ~MҎecxq6hզcْA[Zjwqi-.^R1\'9Qrtbmu:tWAglW[_p[]ܶUWע>A *T @P@>A *T WÈMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:41  w vZ(162/a 1b n@{l&x]E竛FPѼtH`' N`L&d%q>5(hQG{wq̌ࢣя㬌#F N8$ I$D}}՗w_^NwnRUN:Tsֽ!pE i=*7 PF+0㼷o "mp!Z_o:pÜpy4|$\ \'(@KMw9l)** |)=qq1"J+p*vQYn/2 F: EhH0Ke_\ZƢn14Y" H~btrz5?}FkhMQ79cotkBhO5h 5Mg- Sr. WбnLm^=SQ|,LJחoO ^*Et(31V W.kmn1az|„cIqiW%QI_e:+ptIN!SF/!6X7 <ŵ ny -X78APP}nK:.7U8Cajco5(>8]0{ᒆI`oS.a|9DBbzNQ5,oN-Po²P:594%'x8#hA,V3rj|2ឧDŽ\Z0}d-On}:1jTdN&ss#c{}nT`nlSZu~NL˚;q-W(0?vN^1CZvn=̘0+_#t#QV>پn[t1r9lh4o}A} ^% ^-7khk Ɔyxqw4_vv<^ږb >ZB‡XkG O5_UЙ+7mYrΜA3oW(ޡȇxN?7oVٯ4T(arK5 *,Rܛ,lEx<')$e*'R_90N&Ъp|S^(iS%M=7(M@eFkS_u6:oX>:ܱ:ՠu\UNo{-7|-^ Mp`O;^k5W֯k@ : ۦ|RO: 7dp|Ce^XBu;~x0͡@?(MgׯV_g0#,]ŭ;og_w9gZN9+%:` 8V ? LkԃZaX=Z Z *JГ\X~|AaYRkQJ~?NUm\1=ғXWa>tAakHA<(:.w{ĴmGPLC CxN{{Fbxg(ޫ`՟٣6Nj$$ 6J{R$b8w+jLUgЊu +KCN<(&<ۊT%ڂF[1 >oaAМT6Ƞ|)GNcc!6u\:֗V 2Ӄ[GPP1tO:]uT3y~x]}cć&.g)7*.gZ\MŽŦߗnT[S6ZqKTRώKu~{~w\Y'5V*Or e .\;lҿ7zZSZV +TZeTSX'lSبYFoRWkD{ʞN0O'c߄5py=g!7 8x;tNL]q lqI;@ nqL`b84 }Cj#!|kF!g53*~)v JG%),2DNh{1E۞AOa)^ż2_ÇWc˒y˄t]N߼?Cy CXhyw;พcqv֐f 7O֏ I ϑVI"=4stS߫F]'!DH#׫!kǼrlG3i?yFd~8 -ӉuqBQ4Іxs|<T{Lࡋ8 UخP#ۅLJGUF6zH_YY9ܰoI[3⛭ճ*~1~;3 \KmI}@^˹c4x񡉡eL횾% #bEӞ njޠkЮhQ龲%;Walձ Pb5Q},pVu ^c7O(zF9kq_}$=s '>:puC\#iӁTVKԎ3{$Պ->@O%WUe &oc7`fY!Ymϋuݮò;8!u*=IJ-N)u ~>2~xbq3p' NP0]4݆% W-~P}s=bځ6F=g/2Zsed`onQYs!/nZ%+&rS&"ou2SoIf$&<@sQᎄtNd :Wf_*d܂xZJAڐZe <;N`.XG3aG?73~4f 7o.Uj>3 V#<=9Y1[pxGp%'1)3yhYݧ>eh:@A4,IJiwKEu_.9P/?{~DʲZV:|V]퉬},JiOP}3Ci)K%;]_]yƹS((0F?#ML\,ƅM4Ev[FK9mnH4]\VKpL}^F{͓*Jh ψg #Okjțd:c|1g"XXv5~q'oZSJ=XiiC6]}!vpѥs7[Q=e{f 7Oެ$ukIjU%ٽ{t:M .5ć!GEx^1w-(G)4;@|7y , Ө3m>nA涁.rYoo0 ڟ'*.[sK'l0E^+}! mb|-kRت>0W!_rhm_QpX1(x\Y.E+_2wiW6."-r Icwٳ%&8 Hs4[2s4nX!^cIeuѥIl/ Qp]ڹ1ჷodt4Z}؏P^V Ly &X~S۷ wMmk~vQJߢ~$TOڙLJĭDw1M:|R˜wsȯЈK)=[*=U*pfۄ?;rzn掇넍gޓߋN}@ M;-P ϲKw>?, uT"ȑe{\tBYΑkkӬ\co&+993/[4qtxsΗu2+Ľ;x~+w'[Zn@;NRIxm(/Wm"c.%yzR_?=*{,WhɆD!W k׸#Lwd=xS\0\[Nl2F\ y}sr%?\5Nd)9-Q PP@~l>֩q§ t>`4K1xb;'}P/qP>!nUeQr\v7t ׂYL.4@b^;-T Tcr7N}GEA_krIcMm{:o/X<+mn_ӂT\V2|J`0!tutZR ϲ;ɯ;0]%y2ͯvL%r#bH=-T͹_Ӟw<<} %cԃ'_ay'Zn䔮gyWS˘k ك_ڃ8_^{pԛɋ`CO'#Wc~D6\z0ƇLW+ԱMbPUܫ٬>:m4MJd |j"O[cڻmjMϼnz;SQi-հ޶{5α͎\&ԁ۟[EgSݚ;ݒmnIɢ]_i_i׿̟z7/.wxk yL:֡J~gӪSЉurĪwX7'u$ע^Y^˫œըόjvjO]K~'w,_I[Hd O+ԋm!}k{a;ͷIؖlRhI1xNHK>AтMC!|Tܻsm[W$yY;/Q=ɂ }(*>{Wl?{^4\irh|%nLm?KGVХ>4)s.*g_)mPȷ0ܾ5Aoa=׭`Ι:t{#ɷxRrhW_V=9 kb֭(-ReYy^R>~#"k%ykjTnp]c]v7 =z |dz>e  C!7 m(1m͕~+(z#+[w(/M,o %V}}xb"MV cM\<ߤH\hK0r Yo?b`}MQMH>邞3/xlMnMߡmӒCAA%-kKޟφ-Re9t}#uCB'xVgz5|G8\WM9V{θœ>'/={xWQ/~vGgw)!Ԯ-?b %_-m[;Jυ}1~V%gu.+=ZHsݗ6\˹#Kytt/UY2ס_X!`AOO{_#XhE/D+o)+`]<٥=jݛ|_Ծ$10\$ }S-EtU : #68ǥ8B>8x*p/ndxR2Juʑw+_SW=ة:[Ǩ3a2Wݡ'ZG<4Ϙs+/+J \Z8ȷ5:X,gma% |s+[u92c{37U}o__4{F+2<Q,Zz'17ȵgNgWc'nFB-p|,h_T(cP/s,(/|6>ï1o~ۨ<=Y5_yvz|;-x>[+C8lljonĀ.  >~Z+'%=bw$8rC=پ!|mPx6tC~2o`o>_+~3{GdSo)T'}}M;y J&kz>W ERy\Yy]_l#+=Y1H;bz?h_v+K z,WK^ GMVu~ޔ|[ysח}9{9m. 8/,ߟ>Sx9v6KG\gݦhE98tOLtU<[*g(~bpL]R>ŷjG-c޽PMge~8}[Xuszwd֮ҞnCpnH6_t@Y2R:].^Icdlm*Ӷ/-U6ߤ{.v]);?Wjl;oJ s=Tq]cEunJѮmSd3 ^d}:c=|[|̿Ko%O Kw?7r^ֻ$He̙{u[[_S% Zyxy$/vVtwf~S>o3oU~=oGOYc[dn~TŸeRU/5Ge'+5L3{SPovn*i `ؗz3~GO3+o㧿~}U}!¡S҂ogUJ~q)~%p\Ǹ.Ayx˩Gp߈)iu]S B*AoF({ =ݷӅHkϭ*'(߄/0-~!ng!J߉{^N0{*d"U\Zܯ0^1'zKLް7{r 29N\#Er}!mtumߣЃ l#4V΃@Z!XʐZ τ"ȍohNw?~`]qnw;ZJ7 >bp߇^$؛Ke )iiuIVGwICK/'kin <ڀ y๎۳\G6mbh۷'KA H{vPM?{~ӡ /~"{sZܡ}g-%:יg,r] /xW\zt^馡M71,o.glWlojHsk~ e1ecAjʖx W\/ߐTўC$6C5y^x~xM*yQҧ'Srݳsȿ>M62F!h`;Nʰ gd.Q`ib}3R6[0\ ӽo;{[}Lnb{Ǻ2N 7<]qRUkc稬 Zy/#6p JY9K1_ug$fU:d͜ *ޣt"Uc[~s߿J7i}*ɫ# 3uBeCٛ/W~, f3&Tn67J+&*1rVw|7 y缨Y)򃝕ߖm/d~D68rУC_hp _g=O819G8os`B1OX~ϐeЩTe淊?Ppb pcYt&gwb}c~!E_OŌ?+^:%[G{nwj*ƺ{{kgdyad wS,EY^! 26X}*p޸sي/ &v~j3|MĬ!~zs4`;eWӸ@"쇼!6~6xhmd?6k?ɚyUc:i[LϋsHx%63G{wMmk~v]ҷ(z1&Ir[}4=>X=Fz2qk粕c5cd~e,~A.QjR:h.$W=}|pzv&u} 48{L6SKy}3'NΥr n9[OU :՝8  L|1zCJ&}Mlcu)<^PR"l`y~TeI߅k;O%o8h>Jpm( +n)oMmN>Lޅ7Qߟ7U;xQZx !uȗy}`5O7\2'0J[0{b 4ZϻST><߱;¤qy# 8+]{17 AF(=[J򊒋{r}"P"EoȽ.E)uBŏ`\RQF{>g X wR\>UL Owس/pu$7}moۏ}x@ٽtw1uIg84i}ҏd| PlF>KNЇJHɜ4Z?hM%ѾL xrCE:Yώ$ǣz /^GDӚlyx"IZVh/#P N֢GĿ}Q:r>&-8S?:ǿXn?X7Vxyb/Y^ίFKѫjY9z?GmNnw->G&_d{(6E{|w~Wý[tKKY9k36?_ʙ#9:]j'_>mM^ڔw/=6>fϻߐ{ nl3xU݄ZdR>UsNSWwe}'>}DT7u"wR7V!S6TM6yxqOvTG9udޚQkj;Ej;3zzG~W׻/չ%~d֧Jxc;.糾4_ʵV/;_#ޕuz51~㗰1|F'ݶܦR?8 %ߪPyZҾiC?/*Kc u⍳+n:u3g~zSK}O1%:0j8_?|źJ>N;psS'w?7ͣT9xt ̙~uwS?  BqbQCN{'5V7Ϯ\xNYyb#?ZyWM= $rߔ 2#C*RA֨쿞_]_7.s*iR"ګ䆾ی1p̀pΘjLvPE_3IC/MC2Rn2ͥg\~~+5`E8j$F8:F,J;b?w6,md?:4Je6=R"`>nxI̙W5c t^:("?2~h]a;B*p-/3 6adff8(b@i7",&ǘWOc b+Fnv֪+?I ]<R1Mᵃ2%/!k=5* j]7 ɑM._'rL`x y5 1Teyj<Z01U}H'Я7٩3. v:nݱFVsOY J1_aA$Z35\TѾ"|FZ^M<"%lq=hmQ&NRvDv-P?O1%ce+Vb%+?- ZYt=+؟Yh^ٹD}5D8FI"ј\6J!޻f& lU`~3|Y{3Yy_fw:ְN3gMA}5﫭s fx:AqL9Z۔3gnbɒ^ mb~+`DUpq'zk V0f<`M)ί}sQ4G>< (O_zW2N[st+X ~|-\^@_9[8l g/{1h5;snĪ92zL$X5~-ǭ9Ok oŭ;~r$i_kH֬:Zۏlk)\:ۏ(pOI2_n =Sǽ\(_.|h+\690-uz>|0m.#m2noW'c K.HxJXJmN&0!m.@4oi+aEv);6TffisC&~6o*i r}\Nm! &4~*YT%dwv ˛on9w*5SD1#C`IoyMPZKAXOZ7Ar ,TDVy8k|8 OP8pn䓒+$j Pa<6}7JN~vMFFGx9kK>)i .Zٝs:p’g߽qcwr9W2 ЏNN%}#?rռ^fڂ~bI}fr*haKnQ7Nޘ,HLN)qQɕX =2IKy^=\I=P!'+]cOL%0/h =#w Wu^pQxӺvv" fw {~^ }EqD!g]Kpr}rēWErp|)I;]z@_Iux$yg_#?gRn\\*'ثWP##ת GnRq*<Ƌ~!w`>_.Udꐮ]I]TB3y4*= 9LuML^˘4ܕ18ƅ)- =fps4`bpp?@NS`1E}13cpa;^# ] cxA .lZ L8e([2?rFrMxd\x`Mqx͏5Vw|' S[tZWnXGe{w;4nc$cpalؾ\I a@b]ԯO4PkJSg>P [4ylylJϭcs&VaClm nnWq?WA185ȋɔKҒnN_=!Pݻ&hIW FtGK^LDIf47|h-'bc>lMtx_sk Mx~Gr\#Dö`C:(x^+٘W8ɐ?Sz '^/>3WiЗȶ T.@mCyzb6W1d7Gmʞi e׎v ź}vi];[2vwߌ¹- -D"]xӔ?oхԬќz}rIGu$q9Յ|2|qCH8ʹ|]m4ǽXljqIqn8mc=A=u/zyƤ/T] EyBzqqox-+ŀv 5ZgB[:NkX$+J&W^ݢصD utt4@褫0.j:z/6^zz6Wx=Oex\_"$gpko\Xڗ@$Mo'-]/=L{_*e U21/s+ω1˽X{+?nѸuw?>5\g\o4n3~[ {nVQ"5p 4(Y .l6b:2S5g4ИF69f$HfWՇo}E] 'ߐ^NDa"Q{[+G97Uq*SWpSXʻv$BܠErό9><…L׺)[Ƒ86wk?s5gx9ON[_Ab. -wN+rᵆ_kl}wR(4W:{S̵Uo1]ZH~}eh [i|5\ g=`6?\oB ;7S=?Fem`7 `ԗck0C{µ5*PlYO: ?`J˟FRS1wm]_ϋ߶KY!kqk^!Iŵs *'*cl ]O7N= ώ9~uft f^dշGck0 9x)9zg\lWÍ4h܉sp7ӭ^『55u~`X?X/ɯT$/]'=uCSC~<V֬ӣ[$vK~_:}MOz곽HICLYL u@nj9D̓5Sո-|Igb>+/ i3VLCʟu131/_gB[gbn2ɋqNzggL'cggH?.MmY|}/ flJ³)_Yʉ\X[jg{D~پ?YY}&b~9RL.P.BԯQ<K3|E?;s{'4n3~—4.bp {4.bp&.T>q+wQw8޺~1c|v䑔?3-[<74Gy}zCޖ1_qq6nC ˅@gX#flW( ۯO}|@aE5VF˙6(9:3n` 1~]-]{uN2)Ƒ86k0^.n^p'Lw6B]z+ -wgf 5$3 ͱ^:zo8"݀1磊JlХЇ^x0h}t0=k7?'w:~1Im6v1gi>mћ|sV}9XoYv;vSwMn 6ƿ %@[Q__K[37=v34.OXO[)-NIUgniHp &Q-ÛoR3/ ꗼT+KkR9Ҿ%\]k*& yͼy:` oV'mcLoVKp/ϸ]h^]_lεQ$u-u2 = _cJEN.~/=ƑH7ݷ7}C[3y}ߊi!jx33! 9 HWh!=~zz;ߩtː1d]e,W,o~ދt#E3|G^>|fy\XYJɭa%P}oJ {ΣYgҸ5~PRaP'Rg%*OyCi|!ǑGaea垯]6.G=`]x?˽Y@W%.kEFq0U\ؾ2WO/a=Qn9rߧK-'00UQF:ƠMIK;lwo͚5…2Y};PAƑHͺؚ(!Cf__G)p.WRgnZS;qM+!HN,nVf_70okS]CʹGo#kHQݕtc|YCʏCV8Gshk e˫kj0c|<2(哗/p^؜-HhƖQf i`ˈ㵗2 rK#oM=d"n9xQoDtgY{TYڼW~Nν~O^Nx'}5 /wJ;`;[#xgny[267g#!o}!~ߏi|p7NO_VcZMd"vo= VD+.kGc{KFr_4s}՜`]!]EgF{bpy/gHngUch~zT&G/<Zr'֛rpG)lRȉX~ws{W^1pmR*SmśVqIp$׺'?cp zk' ~עs !37ep/VnQwu{z Č9-rɞ֞h,***js3*3Wh>_ :&]Hk|7M.9ʌڻ%6iS=lQ4x8MpDF=+| MU`EI|}IWpuE$OIȟ\[L.P5~Zsv9fw" t++Gg2oe|Gjc_m_]]8ӐQ7q[4;np^ *3IN,˜Lf_X3|qmwMn8j~C57Xcꤤ|/qX?lQY4C88ĽWno/>qV(pVV꿞U){}C=_]LQ|>o8,SKlK>3]+L~fҐw䐡i#NϨpݓiw4Λw?7]ru>)q)W=+]-n'$gȣ݊Іפwui;`9;}j#"VZ Ჺvsl97}>ǧ>&m؇yqz0|40OuӾ<op=܂oWU؛[;W={0vC?csiGVʅ{K<گ?}~r?0v/4À=F)C+'"ZS.i]_|uwyPoһ||oW5|)͂:ΟTO3b1;4gޜ"F5;]ߨr K~Y?ߴ}O98@'ȑi{pA8:.77n7>aqCXܯ3?]SFlЪ)\k ǰPW/<}qd'_qS|ir{|hOao7) g_oupIy{L#S>s^eS21~ҡ Aga1ɅoKO~t_OØoxt9<&IGa Ӻ u}'`/Ng|n3g$\F&=qXxrhTI[uNTKO+ .q'nf^ԁ6=!eT G*_vP9`\ ^0`xi_[EzMiȃ>'O |cw;6 OypA?0nٌ>vIr&߇gF0?Q}¡ϫ!†βUe}W^)G G{\OpąXӶ>6Ѷ5Oɷ8&2mSQ7SSʢ.9=woCRT' ^'~''+!ZZ]JOPH#{H:]`j<"BKmM[;I:i"= #w >}uzKvýAtcp]ps{L*{T wVxu.܉ Rt ]tɅt"iق5^eE8͝+H[\>1o[oثu{ @Ђ)x ?M%bp%bpT2p3$ЊLO 9jfOk<>eǧz6f^꥽4g/ #zwH̋k xt}K4(;H~!?l 3އ5Ұ6%)qkсy.{XiV޳~u};EG~Ig_1=M7C}8ohThI&T/gHm ./7G^o8x#wB=PÊ:5v\G{==0t; u{Ķfd<.X/:.xNj:APV 8S }*[[?7e M)I)%}jp)16Oݬ>eǓOfz =6wB}^h?R`tT/>wϺ4fSjs?^KtH1}` R4;bORþzE-W2U ȇ~eN ~j6]J%Y|ЪW3no7e0ϻ17w\)j󃿐l+?Wh,B^c~ߟ[ue59ry=3Pw#xID}[3绑m6C^k?×䓒+t6xNpƶ-fUfmۂli7UD,w*b׶=XLжگ׻%G***_RZb[h0M=lKg+:&nK>m5i@E\YU*x)Ki:l-Wdw[.NE~uåjGEwl>+-KĽXކaq Ko''=pn8a[Om-ʁH`Spl^"-s6qCv]~sN](ϱ=o9ۧDEpϧ9V;q٪9.#k%zC!+bpEs v5 !^A vv;̾ft2s l͚KL^7]#'paˇqNs9{վ p 85/og|Ƨ}#JXXˣ, <#urqUĹ|>NO8pa\ƙMLW haCP}/>W)'yF'w. ?Cw]mI1wWz8ܷ㐝sܗwi~=Pd=}OaZ2×nh郊iǭ`036ȭS*fEs|]I{8G̉O{|ϟywNE~O`;|!?"x|})Q~w' t+W.6_  ePstkv۹+= #pek 2 kfQ;qLZ܏+k3i|Svͭ3kZ3 N3xg8\ߒHeSd7_p@Wu _.|3U 5S( wPyqr,teoQ,:x3', YN{~&liGIfV1ż4^A$Wcp9r1PgwNs6m)J?m3>4"d5Ej!M _IK$le܌Τf5MZ/;znt6uc ː:n~f ʬIOFet!gJǵh0J{D؊:.q_\XŮ6+:.݇#أVFsq {beܩGRڐu ۖ4B[!y;ܺץ6ەDՆ/DUrUb4l"x׳:М?ixg0G.8pmxi^ل -i}#ou7>y\7Q8}:>Ha 6=QXO7 [ϪÓzjko +d̡_9$X Ux~Gj>t~[ȼmwG_'7>y!̰gqS넑'Ou;)z wj1O5п#4| l7o~'lNn'_Jߔ+1|seiPqU/$m}K|oΖwA <]Ӻ5?1o K记??~ZamoW).wnAᅨ䇍@N2LT+U@oU@ f(VQttk>FKB15:+p+ywԜoBlĚ/9:_"]͗n+8 6^kz! [\~g}Spg: iZDW7׭uMm;HNH7ǿߕ=[^6B~NI%P8]"=mIe)^a~ l ?RB}YqxF|Ґí/>^3Z'Vhp,Wo-ߺ.3.=jۉKxu,y^_y~8 ѧ5\xWR7G1P"o9#)VelOe҅rFmy-_H^dсu>AO4wms3j=n!Q8+\ C{ 7/5z5ޚs!9_3TϮjDh0M=t]tC@e}"Kc] OTשT>U=^q~_6l魫c?roQ|Zo=FV>V+lz Hn/%trE=/\^kft̶ִF7ݙ'vdhq;s Qvs|;~aKvA5^;BoIz_ ^~!}A5e o!= ۱N˱v,oI QV8Q_B; Xn_o]w[% M +cKX?~a/0>K  YKՆX;6(X;gTעSE4Go3(/'yY'G)V~ӳ?M=:cp=gzW_'Q>i(zy`2+o;뵉]W~RQ~|g wUT]ECpX0(w2*{WfkST g;F@)\ͷ.]w̞Y.ʅvW%ou_UBMW.uP _H)Y l8\5cx;_pe]2T evoܰ?ӰarNrVhi/X~*2Sdf * :< &~7i䐟?+"*'\+(qZgisbok1ڛY۩_2k;1q|V`D +9?}ɞ5t690cEwe^$>[v.}ʔZ\m,?9wKӦaM]OOݹ\EfO6ƮΖL/X&%Ӯꀎ_=M{r"r6Z2pwN{q{;2l9: * աͫdIfSg:AO;˞x~‘'3Bs{ 5u7LQz{ N~uIek}Ga/>^Je}fii]> i;DEp3+La(,Aq=\;[bia`7Gn0UٛA}qyqÍbzWx5RU؆7KvWG}~s8W'{x&wup8~ 4De^yv`gZe3wӘQ:Yao|T9aakӥsi~z$<']`}NHr"Wzjzc'ml6#>c8Iv>Hu#Ⱦ~GÝuqwmz Dt0|@KWP}^9[^l 2j-r.֋EEMyV;st{ӡgEƶGW3eכYk'5YfM/_>eO;v8W{Z;eD{2re_n$2ox%! ˑ7cEs U{$xནZ ~a-_9\Re,)6]*gҕwW@<]pErphK%;X~r{#Mʀ|-"όfw(Q^OANV'n)Wp g"xW]LO QNՈբ(aBzc%ۏ}1j+Fև \Xgf}Ew;O _3!zK] U6zIIi4]V~xyWjЫ_% V bA_=%K+.V7=n6,C+ۻu%=4OpyqN˷Ty '\ ?'8ʨh Vh72| )5O78ﴕ5OuCBV[&wycc~6\I"[HcT9X3kQ9|6Mb^k5½mעK e+ߍA-$BR1|6 $kE6mW#[#{%%s?:}9WT%eJ}x%Y$G&'$oLNIKnJ'{HJ.w#|c|"[ Y_vԣH:[NgqB Q]GlHY2F֋f竍\vО[ۡuc6tבcډ#.f!|&s6pO 8n\ln ͭI.o "#--/,Ge"6@..?/k࿔7wᖅ"YѲOcxPm,l|\zk( ]e+(4{#sQc/o'Z% qQ‘up uh!oK\]2sBTf.ec)ėpx iw 27X~ihϼezIJk{ٚA܃`AáŽ:|u_^p+SMYG?B{T Zڣ'04}SWʑ󩃕I7+*i`("D]9f'+J'1IVg߽ɇ<ڴW7.a}Y9aҳNIVw'w}$]z͜+'Ǟ۝SKǪn<ô}) tU_ ߞTNx;ʑu;ϹώB} qz\S3xx pU9 In%R%NDNqhˣ0ҡE0*HCy"0& DP`Jm[Yk)b|SDR=" |0HqGN]!2S?Wٴᴋd^- eU S78oFuhgF2jl#ÒY+$)byN&&ʏPoj%r+^ H"H%Xʻjʯ[iuv=V`T|+#}]L9Q)eF$%b%\n`tI=ad1nʈdl}^ rSbxeVgV)$;1p ͟sn3__~@}?k؎ot_=/f09hoa7"Ju6m63>y>e9×$Gٿ?wm)OZrJ(b;#]'zV"ItoZاuYL mK\lbʥ!<氪s.F|s#J6kd5dz_gV/):pʪ-/>:z\jsiM\xW8fNܱ:68 hu+=jigy?sڗV `x͵ܶSFcw T[) -ǘ[mxqiDqOF ]b\:K襻-,:mxgd|"{3VcdÙURެIc+Y9ĵko^q{9L7}k=POq3'PPރ,2%ɓ)厝0+3'a3g$‰mde_fLw=N%˘Makc?d|HC侉%Ĭ6˃f Nw$G9d2c/bp"8_YݖZV4֧{ Xϖȕֺ￟[# ׶uѐ*\rzM[I\w?ʑqV֟{jƸ#z`n~<4ޫw8U3.sݘo-\Ⴧ c q&߲x՞f)n[T@_{=pƞZTϙ#P}U_)[.|ΝԎ>Ǐq:[l%'6?65"V4^rph=uon +i^evkS\lAcֲ\~kM^B=V8ݧwA6>~}V`wJU GqFг5ڎ w<$ڱġ{{N̹cՓ]xߑY1NYmcsZmfɽ y 䁐By vo&3m_#6OyZ9z9 9>hO I5Z34jo+d+70L*i{-OZ \sz\Or<]S=`cC>Q|CPNa3!x9w1d'&b0?`;XzyN^GR/<Y!1QI'Bғ9F*:$d.^@|??Ĉ^ġG[E1nx/G^!̚&&C )jXA*x0髟Gz{l hNIz#yŽN]'h)$_qHֳHbϣb(ȠmB|eSk̓ٛi R%Ϊ4ghǸ޳wc˺\o9|_vM~ȶy^'tް܉Gi\\+k~w͵R:osmئ;979CFkuj,7uYgT^n.M؆`y`v[/g5̅꼡|hi[CMDChljՖY 'ҝwUg>*0h[|lA'䁐By 䁐Bym=p/<@!fMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:42  A D(16v2/1 {x ^UuτČa0@$`A /m&$@ /0T" >X}VTDĊR| !$!4;s8 ;Нٷokڗߖ(˞EdOnֹQ4(*p[%z͞-_v8+ݢ^P99]7͉FEFD%م3ETu ).r]F 0ь_ӡ 5Zi2/%+[),lK YNS̠wlkPke鋚MJiH-Q$%YpbƜ._t>hS[zQsL|WO C'/q:إƢ貯>2)о(nsxkҢ4}O9gZK9.gyP9D+^oY#t`Zm=T'vL\ꆦ .2o 8:ˈNQtl*=K}pqG^:8>4 }QѬW<^ *NG;;GڒWyɸWe)7]_ÅY9 X'EZgw˛w {E^s\yv+7(hS% DkGc7JCr}ZmV3=*%ڮ-1ѳцhlIv 7 )71MۨTJ\~b/N-q'qIsiia(0 GJF㸰!r7R㼈Jk/DžGd7 PrbZ[3MW:^gܸEE0>Ƀru,蝲-T!}ܠ恢>^4N}{Bk zF/m4fj}hU6FTM>>T}x$E[D5&$)L#x@O'oθְ.} !LH˕4x|ddNV*+ Ə)k|ZC^`wخMq5 :@ h~rU-Pܛ[DЂyyCM{}=HYesZBzlsāx!DP6b[cZ>%&xGa2 ~,x .xl%Ka̐a]aωNIy~ﲝA%  fKڿ)Nðg*^0W,SRbYz>7NpED}w4Eg}cK]w.E]n.Ҩ[EuQZI2Q:K_CgzcI 3'\=T٠5/_y,iO#M[av{;> n?ۇL\x,|hR@wr}צ":.PZQ}G<'Z&uvʺ-81s3%3C{{ ר۲O@٣d'a9aL]{8}1iK2+9D<{*?8~~L<&,m]-K2^X?"e>QNўF_TRދq֐;Z;):}Um ā:-RԻeГ6E]}ͳu9{5&Ea[_yE6)kRBkǼ|/ONx,FS^?I2h^TΈNN.<]_zӔ:S1+xokNW_^}Y,% pQ:v?>_Qs1wa(Z2fLiѲxv 4FUhshIhh zc~EHaW1zl,U,ty)vM`VwL2ʆqGEU?ǵҥ}$]|GCN8u z7/כk}mעsͯӧdg7aXʷ5 >aN? WȾCH!y+=uҊty_)xO-ϗ5wGʵ 7DAb_NӟKa+i6jb#I]tBa+#?*OI!8]$l9+@h,wm\؏y~=5Qf|pZT^؏ǔ.U&9ZUt֠7STW-{뛑&XM: 4^xwxOR^zYey"8WVEp!?ߚWYø}R\ؾKԾԼr_6y>Y^ ^0~ƈ?pAtvmp̺/kJ<V᠗xL֞'=پ97߾Ϸ77ЕnU+mto1] W+6]I,˻ ] Eee}W}^z2iOqU<WL/AI N4\^ W$2Mg`-Wj2Ge.i)NUQQ?߰uu(*,8s?K:e8^jynY8,'6qx:\(L2eCM!u!|@}+ͽ Ik?zC)ֶ "{D n]qݳe}Ѩp-gW[y*lscq^'BnEpKfRvsmso,p(JŸ(z(46]!^)}=y^A~4O11E^=}aǢu~ۄp?ǘ2WWvNQ~oan@:euuhlhН07)T _NS9W,zvkn~jk&1\\.|)͑u?o5*Ho[.Z\cnyt!'p3ˑƢ"U..{z~=;s"57l_\a~ꓺ6d3g?!<#L2פ}\2O<6Yd\lh(3G%I ת #8p8J02^.0nBYZp ]s˛NߧL_-BcG^ԟ8gZŋ5Bq<|{ND']*Gt_Y5]O u \u Tp?m(XW2.ӷVK]:sI"D)^glWڠų?{gx|Ù^9 A"l{}zβrIO$y}B|{~eLmWpZ?̆]72S:.p{*븤r?y=4c EJupKUi=7kyQg _?iR܉-o7ӗ^-6 ;ɷ~P%~o_ɖ]KBOL XĒoE!e/p$_h&yv잲È[0p??MK-RS˦40Cy.'Ljnc:/qats{|B}tН+1[DJ&l,VzGcagHݮ>4/黪~-sGLH_qMw).\1u^JxJ'Mإ/7uo6 oF};.8$4O~a#8tJ|. zK|7W{e^MxR~~`9_3hlzR; ;Gi+e.+YX6]Zr;-^9%ck]ֺ:E"+8쵮#Mٰ љ4{kб)ҽZerK|C]zeCENXo2I;Cq3˦JûB7KZeYs;RScRƁE:JK6/5ȆC^N1cs#xq8=Bv@V޷ύL#d3|ۼ9|\ͤc:WxGN1o|±n={ nQi/a(S̑oIcOʆs8{?Woݯ][^sxo8yAgK\k3a^|=qYM=ΰ3eC8[eG-roUTYƱ/{sҼ}o]wǻE[o"!b7ͻE?v{p/\p5H^7JyHs=…eK:yɆ֧@g/i7^XM]ƝhwTr$ySz6xޟhUAZnKd1qj\#0au3s7}cN֛ Z4 \R!?Jŝ"Zi}V8z: :;{_D ?t0ÛY~vw:l]zuЋ1bޡ,8hx\zH7#2B~֯1cZ;i-5cw:d$yבEǴw477µY'=?'84.h`G^aǜǒqJpXҜutx4O:AP6a\zq]a9.a=n'iizV`H xYx㇢-sywhco+ у;DyhC84l>GYkxrϣoaI{u_wE;=HPyC % v{p̈́F'x&k<'ݕ AtTۙT;9okwrh9wr7Cn.jws|a^!]H1^TlٌzpS];s"ӘYSدC'LAϷ蔥ekx-xdr%פIzQ!KϵYI,1pm]p5] |yڙ?Kٰi;8R2'j\V撆=Leʆr6Er{>9):g^5*ZO$[~#ӳޛ& ćNlO4K% X9@X6|~Ty5=*Co=d /=Q,o|=侚4Od FfEprZ86˵ѫo\Gi&͑KCLz!$oƽ@2ez}!],=r)v(=;Y=4M zy,`ۏM\i \ZieՆ{_"ߙn`Cu;a?JW1 wpT)|ŝ# V1is2; AI- 0C=pWI>Ǩ|Su+mt޺u`n0V1>߰ǩ-7rFoO~덳>_Ysq9ߵc^ϫnA 2YzN=޳ ^Hʗ[#Oڝ]30)j~5ǔmI9|IћvWW x%aLJ0 BؘNy),DFy**Uv?K/R'yO%j-uAwx>wὛ(,yƪ_^v=N)=,m+cjsHwDh*=YWs +fS(>qγ4Їx1fߣ 䁹Bz]KIxY3hYt^k8&+i}vDvGҿ+Y.1LvɃ6_5.cԼA^ *V}}|@&|xi|~ jKv/FLSp/FظL] {=5I^re93vfΠƆ>qFKݟO}~& fB /Jݭ9uR/`K>Z_NTq~*Ǧu7npNݝ}H-Q[VenyRР/U; S7|>RuCo Q7))ߡVّ8/K`(K|h?&l;k?Wo*x:KF5C O;):M }W9./[Qy^_ "*tU0w}?~0X_4㑡qkz$E/vy+7g5ίiW&/op6}vn^zBψ]b>*ʞ=G\,: 2y1Gfa.׍ʊߡVّuEg!:xfP!:v־j}ng!ڟߖucEٸgggX- 'ٳquWޗuc艷My}V*hWNX;D%?"\M6W62 <(: 9Xgv<ͫૹ` UeơAgE&}7-L[/y{:-ET7j6ׁ5Oogz+i<~6V볚ЫY*n WG2cy@<ߦx)ʃooљ](z1<_͕ٸYy}_nq|[_k4ʍ]f+@f>ɝ˫r~+M]by7 ]~uY9g)usv:Rus^OHLsnKݜR7#oxj @o>oi2QXIҺ7|3fofcЛ1c#Eo7nM#Eo7u3M#593G -7uGp 5l8'i[V>j}}xnV\m㍬ö ,؟o뛮0 wR2϶>n,4>,L7M+YyoPCcE4-4|ϱQ4mlxN Mq[4^{^%]SET ޜ߯ˆ]7ySsx1xoXaڭi +p9=<LJ<8ꔥ|?ga|pv>{e5R!]rߞ$WqZExҾȻAIC&z1K^Lpd}7 ph^;ʔ$')o._rϒK:tw;vBmEtY|&Ӯ0_r_ʡm#;9C{~xU~Ru}(K*PEsU&hSs:m֪pջe%zߤߋey&qv{[ zr0O].ΒWb9:NiLŜ泮%W5 f҈q:LmR˺1;;2NRYb>@&xo!o%TW}Oߓ/~wcG]7-y[bn:C/ޞqwx,zh^]TۋdL4sSY^XdîvT@tV撆=Tʆَ"NzN[c_䊥OMKzQtYռ)W8ݲE{!5^.]pu޵{'{9Wy6'U]YݥtYV| reur5)F\d&k]'qMZ"鏗1ss):y >U 'T]+]q?pנkL3+62324ΣφH2fKc} Pyi$fs$]ϼh}_!P"Cotێ^܆&Kg,A&U>򐏿W2ORa|6!+%Tى0.kqeY /c͝H]lM|ye-/ 25CfllSull|@RB{+y_ s)n3e>|ݟ s*#I=dX<*8aeh0LOVi{=%qȳ4y;)fnC1#0 dIgπ<'%PrXzd&o X׏94k4 O'r_F2gY32zU!26U=3qYX~}QA>M{42* XM;g3%^y`|zvE kg\ۆ/QYN Ɇ[g`˯&(s;F3崗^o-`_ⱍ睬f? ~KbO˛^@SObijCc$fz5^R/e3u#woǦ5js9>lO}35#}EݜUKuZ52歵9IУ =;q'WZ1Z=e߽-/%D;/isuC(䈓Ow7P~͢$F hF Y/QD#@4J^S:Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:43  , }5$(162/p21+PE{8x ]E+a LH"lP fEq& $H#12$@AA%\PpMeF\FQpqǭA!4!6}[KMVթSU眪sjoPBB.7uHr\BS aPeA-CJuplw ~' ›/4m噦ȷ7'ɒ@ oS46R<|&~W{l ژR,R}_'w=/x|ni"&^6QdmVtx?,loT6g+ldzlO|V6_m¥&͋xX*ተ,, =;, +VK_ ( - +8짼mr KSx"l:Q,*OqgaxNc煊%=yƢ2ڵw-f}yPqto'wn;s \9FS;Ih!CzK/|N>q%# ׯ!X_oUqV6}]W}ޱk!މޱlD8D=gz84p ;G-?[-JAW^tCߢ6^$ZU-AV'B. rkDįǩ?SY8tw:Ճ[+-wdܽ\}37!{71O=!3ht{b:|pVhg&\wǷb|qrد"scMМXcO0=_d">-$~=4lF]/5m~אQohf"\_is3e| _i_i O~+16guD %nq=Ss| _'upp=/ _O_~;U˴c{jz,te]tsc*m~Ϛ="Ҹs7IDqpXGxMjp\}97q)l"6ʼޑv9C߻z&PA"헶I JCl:>i]%mk۔6Dn{9yC>MHm0h` zjt&QMvKO[ُ]&]ZvpĶ ͙{NyrI>O_j:ɭ즮P]'7odvT$"I_>A6QͽK%cG"na 锽g*e0Sz Ep&}$٨?//K_o5J`5Myyv\5~@1S1NT*8x@~mI7z Pg]W)|@39+Caon*sCǵ4B+Pk.kۘc|9P|΍.xT`Sl2sVYs2sICN9fEk t[8LTѻ@)GB*<³J coYX=5&Lp&t1LGVxhx7MceZ^g7WfߐG9G =:tZpz.ןNV?c-'>K$.Izc]W`]ݭ8uc30RmXg.?K4@[7;J[+VE8l\C h'x͔c6h̡ʻh_R :pvGͯ=NҬmT}_蝰o!Bn۔ɧ黎O_.a鷵Og_%V^a+|~*ϧ߫>J*ϧIt"l[K4ZwOAMJ=/ƱлKn;GDF5feC]8eo'E8n*OI&˔{.;ݕm%%Syp7ioSo,uC"<;FSwˣSr9`z@ktY)bt^;H/J{IcRKywwExBϗ{ƫwڑ^/gpyz?kgzh\ϏђX;<2=eJgF)/4gT#oV_v IN9Ϸ/2pINcp^# |s 5dPchO)9-Qq8/L, ~:|X)w|:Ś6cxWE7?Ҏ,v8F.M^b/V]J^btru:"vd<6Y O~k#z2 diy/,ӎd<>7\F}nQYo .HR"txٹFpGꗅIo_eՎX|.V,\~_/V?/wVnΓE\;?VA)L;w8.KCcgh%Y^;?~6:~w|4fw.&pk"zf^0e֊e>ٓ"ۗ˺$Ep&w6]#kDhV3}@wqŸ䮶ROJ+(w䮶Z7CUgrG;Ɵ>; ;R;wcEu怢 &ƨkX{9lR~OI<wy>q&pU:>cBf+?3}UDDyφIn89C;ߖ/ҸNLS$t1GOwl哇Zȩ&ay#s) _ʹ%ݢ[й+ZqNg=X%,OPϞ׽#o"rt폕Ok%/籋_Ld_18O0([*\c]#7Wid+rև̋S(;⻅y6/"܈,_GJ_ʁƯڤD;eNwo~&9~ O_. A*4wlWٸ+m1bp>̆C{}}{}K=Miž"0TSVɡȘ'Qi9bF5]Q69mS's{%c痹AruKoM7b36{I^Qś}'1;&_F;km,m' whwb:ٍM ׽yr!|}+!gMv/*!m yYݤn84ӕgZ)ʋI[C?;!{֝e_^ɇ}OQxSaꋞaLiOY s'YVp\N ;qS?㙦Ht%:r}BND8e@>-Io fY1N %vW-=;[OH+FOnT]e$oљ[b_6C|v~V#4†?7Z׎/1_n1ֶM6 8`>i -}]<+wÒ<8 _E#s07n_ן Crp3#GH{h>_.V?~|#hl`?o|p7j)wƿ<8>|%yp|b'#|Hp|WD;Q >V?7b X<;HgQ<~sDIwoo~Hp~ӮtNrtȣ?)7 wDj6{9ߧ,yoy.V,\~^N'5r~Yq|ϏCݛ p1y/F?Ymy_.V?_ۣ2_?<)oaµo3p1ym2"/uXpy~/V?Ϗ9jCg6HsקƪykocvE޾|}^ٴu>/&|Aocd+ .<̟{A-}2p;Br<(W|2-wp#p~Z 1yoҞnVVfwU4=UWQ9&SCowdeǟo^q{ '_dpp#|(;Qk3d'"鑪~c+"!pyMis|7Hgŗ;S6^d;B?dNwpWh\Od^;}w~XT#t\L^<܁X{=߸Hm|#]kկL;&Td g=v[̞*ZcKt>WH<ܵo5wz}}HAGp#.{;׏nS?vƃ9G^8 G"d|/\?\yo>Ϸn%.+*[={*#W^IvOTfLx7Wgwcq?ob\gH~;v_T#=O˞{n`={to80ɥީߞheNո\cpr^7m.0o/km~,"BG?m]geT7yzDp-N X<8Znk_18Ϗ >pF^<ݒUvn;>׎ +¹~RLIߗ;U4vLS~'Jͨq7eqh\N Gƺ ?<cp:: 1# lim?1S?Jn!O7'c,$p>% ܏$18Ϗ4iivB_\ߎEe>%8kv^SWݲ߸SAvs!{4bјzKz8** 7$k`RiC-^l9ok(N;2ОsZ]/^8G}R0'v׋SN9g"+|YS{k>:H?!u|a7=^jH;.i8}V3s{x7bkA˄I'Sn%Tj-M #B6 O=&{:䜇[yw'Q,лKY^-a~an%= }>EYC^Y*{e@U-\?a<ǎ;tpWjMupil,Sc|;18ߎ4chYg(߽(/רYu+˾:^~**+WtrXvx_<8w/ &2p#"8?u? Ï3ÌpVR7ݻjdl62e^}I>xg'\ql8ߪ_3ү4ԞΛm+7o{&G%ޯWQ92GަXrm~zϛ~7>G\$yI켄4%2siJ{ȗ6̑Ϝ{*wHdER7-PѿG-]'ߊВxr/\hqʼTux K\l.Q}S ,Zt=~@sZ1j96Oy=܃o#Ɠn|u5Z#hXηK+Ϧ6~jH6e=&wONqBF6F҇m/G]x򦉆cś_#0̅=\Z[9z9sϽ{uW~`M>h%/1g~1k, w #kMZG5r`s/M__1 b0E>-[3!\oz;bk;(Ư T{e5.dEk\ܘɄiفff^VU'ζ;՘ HOqغrZk"O^_!~qXXշ'Sؿݜasc/?D5^Ճ=?.|'i)0{=9Vj8t'^E,Sm[Lq݂a~ңNj?^r +aRē]j l}{VWi{$]I>mG^t1A n0𙿀p0 L:qmϱ}8sn<N9cKO1rcEd> I{lJ+\b%R18W92<~WH|B6V(/ - /|]"DB ҤK2ࠩx͡sV}q#8y)wK^ .2Ӏ!ROu1$Q6i&+[>  Ka7f;'LڙJoL(mRU_WIVUQKpd!gM8>aIрӷ퇨I|_eԇrSbEMe-CCh[嗳&!;VN/JaC6c?Yx:36~(ߧ^oJ/Ld{t KjS^>\|ȒeR[Q GG6>:J^'ZㅻH'2nm*:q։WB'rMļb^ۻoe]'Y1w:ujt?x3~V|ѲuO uO Fmդu4G iyԣH'N:yU.IC'N9:d7XYbd۫kU:c ۚŢd^n1ߴjvosQ|mk` kyA [IsSTotfZ7:M^ԡWo*snX^ yѩ7IЩp0Dh;({[fG1~fEu1c12hҽލlzI +W~%ⵆbr#a{{Zv9M^|v4lzn]%ܯU%:߭} P%4x|Gȱ&a{߶?^qoN:k5~ô+ooV\la"{{BwrTp{CZ

X!6n0Qn3ᾒ3KcJU[&<ōW\s"iy&$STdڻcEyҲC3 -nZЍw`ct{Pi ݢbh>A'#mdgY' 9 y2&\"lx&ȁzc>Q;aCY==,Y}Gϗc?/㶃OyAږSxTiH>tWy U}z'gՁ<ȵ˔L??EN IX^(kYd9[<9Nm#oCi@g5Z=J"~,]SS9۳emF樭XeЛq~ԕ?C*K|UuGNN`vY:6|f?aQśh6 6i3.Zxog2Bwۀa.6ZcO,ߩou);t{{uK㐈+dV؅jս. l"k5X^W]&F}WQ[/!_E}u lhlO_oRfzi!"$W¯uI]j^#i"wٽ6feŜGM)GK흵9u{]noq ű) {]{uHg1e=&{Z;\| *FDSWomi\Voa":[>netgU~lJ' <4 G;RLu%\od?z'~/ p}4&c 6FxMFC?x/,e/0w+ N>I'@kOe 2KCn:,kc%i;+5N9X٥HqY=r}]3t> [p'|D]UƠ{2u%"X]T=_\$zoM*JjOrORe0d%GLbC:lmOvG>!5C^%c~.[4w3\>x&W I[z=ou${ܱ䶭ڞݶ=H+ׯq+w޹QY[ 8 ZMjӂQ7k{c4ׄa|;@1|^މ#_<+ 8IloM>pX 8%<7w=%);QQnmx'ݛr_Rd\_C}SGMߥ}# WR4=UO ׷}ăxk|VԏIoC~gpKMK<X_GK wHq"M I9rLqolL}WUi"=uH[_A" VkOb{bYbVǁղXf@'xhky:B Y~Y8 o0l8L^<@B{vUV@ڎ;Xq1ܧ;CETZk{aQїJ~iXO(Gϳ_%\OW' T}2۷T/&Fihlhoxxc<8K< <c8HxI'3(m.{ꍱy%y,˧-~:{/" d0o`4.|b\Qo}=`x :,a`c8xx.qX8?n'zx;cl[%{adJceyMtzx~8x'9,,53 Äëÿ íåäèàãîíàëüíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ: i i i 1 M i ki 1 ri 1 k r k r dq ) q ( dh b b q f               ,( 22 22 2 2 N L M k , M r     ). (17) Áëîê, îáîçíà÷åííûé 22 H , ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ïðîèçâîäíûå ôóíêöèé (12) ïî íåçàâèñèìûì ïåðåìåííûì. Äëÿ äèàãîíàëüíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ: 2 r q 2 i i 2 2 ri 1 1 M i ji 1 j j 2 i i ri 1 1 M i ji 1 22 N j 2 Pj 2 i i 2 2 ri 1 1 M i ji 1 j j 2 i i ri 1 1 M i ji 1 22 L j 2 Pj r r 2 dq h d b b * ) P ˆ P ( dq dh b b 2 dq h d b b * ) P ˆ P ( dq dh b b 2 q g                                                             (18) ( 22 22 N L r   ). Äëÿ íåäèàãîíàëüíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ ) r k (  :                                                                                     2 k k 2 ri 1 ki 1 1 M i ji 1 j j i i ki 1 1 M i ji 1 i i ri 1 1 M i ji 1 22 N j 2 Pj 2 k k 2 ri 1 1 M i ki 1 ji 1 j j i i ki 1 1 M i ji 1 i i ri 1 1 M i ji 1 22 L j 2 Pj k r k r dq h d b b b * ) P ˆ P ( dq dh b b * * dq dh b b 2 dq h d b b b * * ) P ˆ P ( dq dh b b * dq dh b b 2 q g (19) ( 22 22 2 22 22 N L M k , N L r      ). Áëîêè 21 H è 12 H âû÷èñëÿþòñÿ ïî ôîðìóëàì (17) è (19) äëÿ 22 22 N L k   ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Ó÷èòûâàÿ ðàçáèåíèå íåçàâèñèìûõ ïåðåìåííûõ íà ãðóïïû, ìîæåì ìîäèôèöèðî- âàòü ìåòîä Íüþòîíà ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì. Ðàçîáúåì ãåññèàí íà äâå íåçàâèñèìûå ìàòðèöû, ýòî áóäóò áëîêè 11 H è 22 H . Ñîîòâåòñòâåííî, âåêòîð íåâÿçîê ðàçîáúåì òàêæå íà äâå ÷àñòè 1 F (ðàçìåðíîñòè 2 m ) è 2 F (ðàçìåðíîñòè 22 22 n l  ). Òîãäà êàæäàÿ èòåðàöèÿ áóäåò ïðåäñòàâëÿòü ñîáîé äâà øàãà, íà ïåðâîì øàãå âû÷èñëÿåì ïðèðà- ùåíèå ïåðâîé ãðóïïû ïåðåìåííûõ èç ìíîæåñòâà 2 M ïî ôîðìóëå: ) k ( 1 ) k ( 1 11 ) k ( ) 1 k ( F H q q     . (20). Íà âòîðîì øàãå âû÷èñëÿåì ïðèðàùåíèå âòîðîé ãðóïïû ïåðåìåííûõ èç ìíî- æåñòâà 22 22 N L  ïî àíàëîãè÷íîé ôîðìóëå: ) k ( 1 ) k ( 1 11 ) k ( ) 1 k ( F H q q     . (21). Ïðè ýòîì ïåðåðàñ÷åò ðàñõîäîâ â âåòâÿõ äåðåâà âûïîëíÿåì íå ïîñëå êàæäîé èòåðàöèè, êàê â êëàññè÷åñêîì ìåòîäå, à ïîñëå êàæäîãî øàãà, ò.å. äâàæäû íà êàæäîé èòåðàöèè. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, êëàññè÷åñêèé ìåòîä Íüþòîíà â çàâèñèìîñòè îò íà÷àëüíîãî ïðèáëèæåíèÿ ìîæåò ïðèâîäèòü â ëþáóþ ñòàöèîíàðíóþ òî÷êó èëè äàæå ðàñõî- äèòüñÿ. Ìîäèôèêàöèÿ ìåòîäà Íüþòîíà, íà îñíîâå äèàãîíàëèçàöèè ìàòðèöû Ãåññà íà êàæäîì øàãå, ïîçâîëÿåò èçáåæàòü ýòèõ íåäîñòàòêîâ.  åãî îñíîâå ëåæèò òîæå ðåêóððåíòíîå ñîîòíîøåíèå, ÷òî è äëÿ ìåòîäà Íüþòîíà, íî ãåññèàí íà êàæäîì øàãå ïîäâåðãàåòñÿ ïðîöåäóðå ãàóññîâûõ èñêëþ- Cx{pU׹Є<4&$I`@´8ZqVgx ZvP^Q %DF!JQJ=swS{pYkZ{:%" DGd<Y6B[!2[MI/=L/~$Gס2Tz':͙㝟d>ЇO#sd5n9͗&GX۴_q }8fΗ=iNTJ옵юىbNc__qsn X eثeȿ!'bj7y@7OpZdc/1OxiNf睟M32yM4<6.INdD2*dˡ '*$}zwBGbC19:*3# }O șs_w!sGW#s>""Gz?MNi emTFԱCYǍɬoA1ohk{ۉk?Y#"CTo@=~$սFYFԟ=ܣEpkYC;՝Я4{#k)jH=kM~;Y縚~j<Ӻtm׈_ulocjk]4E酿FK/%2e`֓8o'3z0ǷZeי*֑S+}hFۊ?W+|?_mAZV~ڍ|$z'5uz,=7ygOQ_+S%cDYwcOf06RK;Q~毟g:S"⺶Ur<;_ͬ MowyN}[zji@/eg(CWR/jx%g;+;݁<9Y2Pj>tI1U̻W߿Sl>tܛ3i T;[#^mkr4&*oqRh_'+w3&1715?K7S kLӷ1s=й^GV \?i}o=~>4ޏg_}^,g_Z}+ ] *G";!w!WiHcE^~.|_f0݃vr7Xd0=dROJ_~cz(Oc|`ε}sM_6YhtkӁ\.s 2k>qHiiy>hLݟ@^"uƜ415V_Mk ֗v[?r_b徻x{0ڃ5)ZC޵-@} N;c /z_Ԫ35)lͼ^@KkIfU#ꈍvSG61t DBz37f}Oꄩ3ԙ]Ga}Yz;5{GϹ #{'.8μ~Ypk=~79?_zܭ\}W ʝ~hnpOk&@:G{^GWc4Լk_/@0a 3fˀǣ[$'Whi(R>M+|rI!|xl.q+諾<9-475:~ߞ7U=Mmm=c*fbm1ޖ7=joŽ޼ߔ{;ߐ{{4:ܛwd;'qpf k^^L88<]>7q` g|$98 g156gWw{6ѯ88c3ppv*QOex5*k̼ gדt=}͑:.Կmsp;ywrpÚy|p kW1VY*#?{4@%0WY Ԃrx5ݵYrX*=Am`.Kyv=>cϽ}]'N>o<9UVlv.Uq1󻑙ӫwPhΒ[raoFj^̼$^knz.&NJ55wC~7w'!"W]. ic3opVnnIW~fKmݶQ]9a϶u۪\ᘍ_ӟJ*'ߎϏWqN5`_:N nYmNf9glJ,#1a 3f @0߃ f @0a2)Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:43  N' G7>'F'(16E2   jAYP"UPdQ+ bZZZJm)s7's;~&3g<<)s-R@sӔMT]&;̹igϹ2ken=4{{dO'~9:F_w|w] J3ݧ^je{O&=JCl cFT1ZTV՝pAJ)GC?<=W,WԠԬTPUHeA3t\u*^ _ ^DԿ+*CTaZL*"_47jw*2 Xv:W4a76dL>C_T5DꉑUSoWH_2)(3=_ !q?yeMQzʨi"l;hmp޳ݽ)o s˃8_9j]GYT:^JIT2Sxvլk*Ǹ|IKqZդN?rꐁ-iQ67g4gnåO)6Q!阛OQ67iZ)r~v=789J㜩ܜ|ggn37ɳ&6]'MK^|IensgW:KuYssVWj+gsknj7Mn{ŵIwz^ J ݯQzUJQco[uoڮV6=9J ]unYezZS_ޭo֐3gmY7,^x$a(( 5saMP,]qWviP1Sz_ae^oaOjf+9k VUe|YG5#@Ȓ2#27A kTB'&[0ȩ#7%,Vi)EA \`"A2LMVONhg3a'6o|\Sq|㚗={N#VgecV#Jl7J۱7e~vZkmX },M&M&V'檍m<чg>9Ϩf3֖:sOϰl|k/b퓼1ij:FSn_m>j v;dﱧFaΝԮ<ΎqMr$F_Uj?: ϱ2D>Ls>Klh2dX6(>c:.lkAL?o gіܞQ&e?}_6=gȞ% uvacB. C}B7$=ʑ<93e=:vYniN;'yY_c֎{,ړi6S+ uΗhQj;BGHsqhXGh{,af͂7t& xf} LT3l>~A91m=dȚ$Ƴ6u+nG೘wzKRz!JmFۨڷV&.ޒWoɇ|R sڛ-1,no֞YN_bZ ˩#6Fn{Jʖfdqڨ3|/n6YJk*W}趸YNT]m<꺋{#Fad17^;rLtÛL-Q6q[zOT:Yi`t,W#Up[\ȉvv }xiu<{hȐygeơ=s6oitd\b ;Gb֕/wC:(slqojory-p7@BW9u=yM6oYkyBШT޾zjȆ6<~Bnݛ[Ԗw=pjI˝N[!Hѹ ]ڝwӴk҇ӟUi6rq~8&[)?#U3E. AS뙊F4ns bN^(a_5@u[~ɵ'~Q:t$srKv/Utsts入nNF?U\_'IW6|o(^?.+/[|ļٵ[5yS>)bGC=]֖Ini~ϟO4E׵^LNM=sl>.ap//7[N:2};xGwf+붵13(o%!G[/lI6t)lb>uscn>nuO'^tįmWWk^ '&ZS5PWkʚx& ױ]][pM ˻ǚxUrMrG~/4LtkU[_iŚqM. ߕ5~h녭#-`M$fD9sΒhNVӛ} >6 'CrA>LSPB&bpӺxǐ%zBf7?bH:(v 6+afUgͪSmBn}kjGw&Kd2leQ1>[>3>aj-zƼ{M?. nloW2߶Iv]/l2yΜsOZ%Ʋ$mLvo rz%ʺZ=e`IxUlS_/)U[҆?%fʈtfތ~Rgbܗ>Ջ_v7}nk[XGcMhXߏ.FvX̠O܎=jpY Q8w;&Κu3 ^޲G;uV2]V4;eK)|X?xcИFh49j*eK,Z114Gi*wEc|>FB&4=CD`v6?\a +7|8)ߘzd~{Uf.+Lypy)[+Y?+?6_pOΟqh^) !7Ȗ2yWrωx{ӽwxA?n'hFTsf($cԆ67gޓ#4Rtu7Hz2C>H7?P~MݞJv\';j%C .[:ꭜE zCea?c"ض&̕+5,auLe.%`3>|>Il|1׷=|0Q/ ߧF|C"-2p/ Dۢ+ڄ9l)Wye}NU_ǂ)R7os1/l 6};רLU!\O}LlYzU:حęs+I }I9q#<}(518qFm'8lAW+: |vΑhYꧾT]1A oua{ vfѥ/8Z! ΎC n種A ܦ$t '>N՚=Jg"B3[d_ oGܪarUd6u/7'2qGMW󴠹6^;z^߿/~j݁t|Bש{9.%m5_5yׄԤ j}w.#3ߋQA`㗵YX!^=)o*ZO[+fyS7kyvKg.WMpEe<yZqyZa53_BiSLkqHtº\ t}Z;Wʭ@[+L_*nc]+Yd4=9b%Zۻ^+hZ]#^+fPVpZL_ +z`qʁ0RkxQ-yf5uwvٚ zpr6M/h7Sh~Ҩ ',Πeoh6IX?^Wr>k=qخ RxdMg]d6 >dS$Od8BR2gAb䆧bQtFES}VBSh~yg۳hhYB뎖sdi0#em -ל+F'sn2䜳~s:"&1UviJ#ЁMUw<[ߊU;"n&95g.r\d6|ρo}ɜxs&MPΚ`sD5{+y<"YkWaho; u lPY|af- 6>l/ll| ط/ll ll lli2S󴊝9D:ɃgxkVVeoc%eh$s4Zh仒H\&9x4Ih(SsFc9FBzKˬRr@" P$֯;%cāvb2Yˁvb9Iڭ_wRkϢ|h$֯;JG$`PڼV6;CR)Ga!/%6f_6_|as"y= |'=/gG؜w,U,\c?f?6[E>^ ً^M6gL"{} }}D9mf Afo:֒♵ϗؾ`ƟƧO 6~ l/l| -ooo_X)y4{|#asǔ:G]W缾8Cq^ˢs4rKhޅ RLs~Sj7Mq%$NLr?aSӿ^p{{s ܆e9lU|׫ |%=y|xKs\ooпl|uaH4CrZ?=ʴ#ƨ_Ͳ9Wc\1 _* !K|M|Ð)Caΐد4F+*grʚ%?p/؜}u|lξ`sY}foξ`s/ؾξ`G=/9lξl`?7g_9l_g_ߜ} 6g_}}f_6r_|ޱ\uWfT*u,l9s_T`S}as6~6l| _؜}ƾƾ}as+v`߃.m;qsg%z8~C98G]WgQzr3l}oF9׋4q+!7_=ۮx&'N޼&U&d$SvwiU*0K~s&9&g|d&Z9[9kU R)J]`ssؾ]`N:o]`ssؾ]`G=/9w͹ l]`:wl'6.9w7{#ߜ6.}f_62_|ss؜u=! }Zr0YK[*̽Ɵ?͹ l|*T_؜Ư_o66.oo_؜Ju:w}WpzAyE4}uʢs4rJȹ4s܂^=ۮd.hܕ.w͹ l]`:w: 6/9w͹ l]`:wl6.9w6ٟs؜Kfo6{#_|ss؜u}|͹ l]`s׹ l`'7Zr֒Z-3/ U6\%|wTYC7k/}m/| `77ج`qSZ972g%s 6|1[ے; f+l_{dw%s* 6|ko} Aʕ\YK,[ZTָƺe/8~k0xuu0$@ӆ: Uuc*lw5nuz]#$V/&#T8\Mnc0(6wߕ/krO*BU3n|DE{vM\mSP`lbZ=[~fm ~J)!~ꔱW3~w׬k*qmn{ŭ {W @1u 94.d/ uB TajEÝzԭt[^+E&ܨr{]5D 7UֻsM|zZuy2s_duwu$[[m)6z:~;bk7ԪfTNzhfl0wvW0{y|_,Y;wZs@n}&2CQF4MWq[ߕz>u}@AvUZ`л4FO}4p4lԘY>^=9k]{5xՁݿ`{iY{2[ӆDko5_å %V1`@լ{<ӆo1o_M؁rTs߱v"xE/r~wS27SAkW/s[[;uC[g Fne}jo^i>6հ1rVpk ƘG%s?5w+L5 g&̽p%3/ɽ=^Qjʭ}ڕ隰*Y8yf9z䭃f~63]IE:M/yf7zy6 7~m_';淋g^RMQZo_2ە/_4kvج$ 627R7+t@~\IyJ~n^;ԳÔ4^|oΟ:0IDCh~"ft|j /{u .ݟri"ZnIQٝoWx늶e|}5]2N0Vb~DEYy<́0rژ8%r֦7!X6GM[򸿳~2"*W|0wfNÿ+ܽ5%)X?ML$.싹,=4d"<9w`sW2}Z&(/{n |OǨ|RR}TWY֜I3efB6PrH#fͼ>'x_4Y}P4:]b[s}/VIu\[ p2:rM4AWoh2,l&qdw@Ѻ/5aӢYJ37\3# l\(qa!' /dT}|X Gd>Bȼ!9o|wȜߟ[Ҿ 8w]wS ;co7*o(g}_pQ*`Ƨk/ll lllD\V }ȷpHAK!-A\Ys/zs}KР:R%80{C޵J-֭bpYÞ썱5׸VحzƸW)'?,%Ck m|Km+EqLYW4\ .VT}w4lO MA1?_eS_pm|6/|5إ:'wAn,EŎ-TSXj\g0wzK-S_:疵oN88I!c0ﳭ%XzaQvly'u;Gu JфW@noߗyg\}l0υK漏2:aEǗ_t7ؾdwvޑ99l_28؟w`Vkipx*@_2#~`[V{EY??`pVb][bl`_l`͗|w65_[~#f ly|:[9جc`s_5/Q6~L)Lo[$1Fqu9%X)'[.Y|rYQ׬?bT1JOWR/[eY4>Ѹ:FljE?~/ʓr~8YFʮh|˔'i~>h|TEc|4Ѹ2F_ɗ8GshrII9Z?iSlQzC;rl'z3O 'E;SkRh~qiOIȧnV#[qR~7.N}OiW{ t\?R'(ٰOSIxUlb@71d_|M=_P*fp\cokq.o /5į ۗ97kZtŢ͟N+#E;sh'vi'vN:G>ډ7*k1󝥽^}5|9{D{)g>T6q\C`hk̑'7D'%& mK)sl~_M<1f }|fML1wC᛽yo!_|"&;}s.;\o]>W#l3 ؜ILC#l[`oG7M%؜|}iM l[ÇykpH{玼K-s_+g%2K~ 6/lPYCf :6X|/lYK5}a}+  6>l|/l5kǢqR 8'ev.[C γT9qQ׬+ ,@#q$֯;;/|Xx.^vhf~h$O)F}5*t;h'_~$O%ṺQԏI=WGoN6F !Y<&~jI? UL`"qy_ʯь̿,Zlf2'F?8GJosҎ[D3B˞=(#+wđf׋&A#5~+CϡyL*~XĒ&XEf/obI`KX>b f 6`_|KXĒqf6{@r&6@}o"_|KXRW, l؜=|M, lbI`K59͹l=&6$%+6g.9sXĒubI&w'}Jw 67ج߾YCf 56جc5YKf- |M,)зr羰`SƧ&6~ l/lppcIN˲i;S,OA$Q׬/+Kޞ eH, %%i~.bBi4ĒXRF's˔#1"5c5iVĄhXKJnd]n$Ҁ7oG+D77Ғ[d~ߨZĆhSJn[ĆGĔR~םhE='6FŔRv={QbIĔ1_)=+Q9BhJSĔS=)I}ML lbJ`SG0f?obJ`SؾbJ`-obJ`S a79/71%)}Ŕ&6g_|SĔ|s?`s/)ML lbJ`) l^&61%mﯘ/)aﰷށ3KL loY}a 6k/lbJ`|f-$[61@ƟƧO 5ke);+txVLi@Ltf1%Q׬/1,)A#JHLĆh#SFbJI-SOW:h:Al(v)A;1$O%aLidObJi#{bJOL)I?1%u'c%+Y|4)wmĆhSJnz.Q%JS~bJI_w/弿Ke~h )[8E%SrlM'U=arI'M< lI`'~l&6$'#^l`7$'M< l_$هxē}G>l|M< lI#l_$'ē&6$_؜}oI`OxؾI`ss/'M< l[+oIm;t[f_xD#lK`JoOloL͞ }7{&͞ɗ& o}f2gٯ9 6|KaW^W s_2'^ `\ؾd>l<}sȜ}j0ϵ9 v0υKf 9F}ɜ%s`?/?G}l%s`s6ؾȜ2lKol_2\69__2ז8|v\@Z'w^|+w[[qR,5)\t ByN7 VWb^Kc,Q,+4ߛk\<ROihLXbzܯl~ynsc)NBʈ6X\+E<&(74}2򮉕<[6*ïѢbQe14i}q:hq!Ӥ|LWk:Q1gAi8wrP7r=_0\̧ާ{z3N7^p^rϩyٸܸ'~D.k(0+䪧%nh.s(wiجk9~!6 e!Sse2zts[Y5mJݣﯔ޾:rs[[XCuC[h3@3tf7?tvfLz7645xC#ۼڍ;rvsfY--( gXEu[q}uк=^orQA&P=*}7+!粜ԧ]c[B6u9 OyM9ڋl-Ͷ2'qF(AgƧJi׀m},oj\Ĉۿt+ E Hx?7oxDJ/+]6jeeTz$Em~ʲcsg͙{]G2.h|~znjzzn"FRK/{SÕ}})Ss5]{D1۟*GuSʾn*WoѸqyzﺥO)7{yh"rx_;lekEz(L?|rem+s.V${>ꬲU}&uxdZu[?/R^/Y0Vlltq=5쫟R}sXowzo=XqG(ݩqoָVrrdW]ȅ™S0ZDV?RR7Ը_ո(Zw>]{jpq םM,RG/ u1^]ٴSs*}w77 Xqec䮪F㟒;G_Mq>!bR~|~Z*ok\xrʫ*h*oJ=o+F9z-5oz{sѸ+ߠ0{#r(boWl yr?-ޏҸt?$BnG~mExUt~^ռyU}zC4~bOU_'\tUMg>z3_ә/pi2|,\dmTY=s߆_eP?WosK 3RshUv1nvʿQO1ŸXm0շ1 O]LXpXX I=pʉ}>tNXҢENbN1& [BMڻ A_[߱G4rAϒ eXc7ƞo9u|D\<ׯmkuJoo4^TIdư)s=QOc gX\6S+cfѠ\RLwa~To{O0Lk9kܽ5uORl&j8}]Pl 5`vНZ/",n8IMFc*yBl/c=/~!+}x9FOKteVӸTNlQו`AS9e5뤫Nz`SAK W<+|Źn7.ìWRo6ħkʑu>ܤ}e#Lm#)lzFQݟՊ*nmTIV&#tarFlj30=/(ey* Vߠ狷f#$Y)mQו罵o{4ˡ;Ild~3yf)b o5il ߜ\qnfn?"sP.16وNFg6rR I_a#`qaWSFlCSƷ'zNvFoXaI8RyFu]=כֿw6B?Ž%~)fܜܢ܍㘍Pj];>l's&ݜ[4wM'F06BSF=l 6rʲ0X=G^mRmƿ9e|˘4vA)kgȻVI:,#Gj`lwFo6Xl[Il~&{f8?)7PuV68#ثRJܣq*7r߯|8ӹ?Vvo#iIو%*KUtlqʩ6b㿬/cF @勔:B'Fng~o;X?ZGڈ{{`#WB*mB}F$#绅G1|N6cr%mzhܱwʙv#*rpT(qq>YIl{}бc,^*!\uu{ڨI'Fյr3?,e|˘7uQ36b}lQ*)X?꺲[Il$7[Gxq)(oV=7bV܍PF(s%mzt|ʾrlk*Xqcsq8ԬӜKb&mL}l~f#k4 6rʲ0땰/h7aWSFlRƷ9LcRy* |ڈMF(OڈFƊڈX{{`#3٫\\G~(~?(7)WtaJePo6rFxn6_T|+Q{ILmF~X[~[2+ԬX~@_a⭨Z=TPVb|7>F7ʣ|Yeՙe+?Xāz=O%I|rK֭=GL6So#.w䖌}[|hѵ>䶗>÷Fݣ72e_*ƅ0Yi>k:.{b{/.WGrmiPY&bĆtpYӆw:;˖AW|f+5vkfc4=ܓSo`K5e7qmEq5J5ʯгGUFn|DE{v ڦ .F/i4MW+W+=Fv]Ab~gрQ_?Su˫Ngf\7nksn[6:\eՐPZ6a jlZord1WR;~σNN99mzrRgy1#!SM*mHPxD7',, 54 ÷åíèé è îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ ïåðåõîä ê íîâîé ñèñòåìå êîîðäèíàò. (Ïîäðîáíî îá ýòîì ìåòîäå ðåøåíèÿ ñì. [1,2]). Ïðîãðàììíàÿ ðåàëèçàöèÿ ïîñòàâëåííîé çàäà÷è è îïèñàííûõ âûøå ìåòîäîâ åå ðåøåíèÿ âûïîëíåíà â ñðåäå îáúåêòíî-îðèåíòèðîâàííîãî ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèÿ Borland Delphi V.  îñíîâó ïðîãðàììíîé ðåàëèçàöèè ïîëîæåíà îáúåêòíî-îðèåíòèðîâàííàÿ ìî- äåëü èíæåíåðíîé ñåòè.  êà÷åñòâå ïåðâè÷íîãî õðàíèëèùà âõîäíûõ äàííûõ èñïîëüçîâàíû áàçû äàííûõ Paradox. Äëÿ àâòîìàòèçèðîâàííîãî âûáîðà äåðåâà è ïîñòðîåíèÿ íåîáõîäèìûõ ìàòðèö ñåòè – ìàòðèöû èíöèäåíöèé è öèêëîìàòè÷åñêîé ìàòðèöû – â çàâèñèìîñòè îò âèäà çàìåðÿåìûõ âåëè÷èí è òî÷åê çàìåðîâ èñïîëüçîâàíà ïðîöåäóðà àâòîìàòè- ÷åñêîãî âûáîðà äåðåâà, îïèñàííîé â [3]. Äëÿ èëëþñòðàöèè îïèñûâàåìîé çàäà÷è èäåíòèôèêàöèè ðàññìîòðèì òåñòîâûé ïðèìåð âîäîïðîâîäíîé ñåòè, ãðàô êîòîðîé ïðèâåäåí íà ðèñóíêå. Áûëî ðàññìîòðåíî íåñêîëüêî âàðèàíòîâ ðàçìåùåíèÿ òî÷åê çàìåðîâ, êàæäûé èç êîòîðûõ îïðåäåëÿë ìîùíîñòè ìíîæåñòâ 22 L è 22 N , à ñëåäîâà- òåëüíî, è âèä öåëåâîé ôóíêöèè ìàê- ñèìàëüíîãî ïðàâäîïîäîáèÿ. Ðåçóëüòàòû ðàñ÷åòîâ çàäà÷è ðàç- ëè÷íûìè ìåòîäàìè ñâåäåíû â òàáë. 1 è 2. Ñåòü ñîäåðæèò äåâÿòü ïîòðåáè- òåëåé, äâà èñòî÷íèêà, ïÿòü âàðèàí- òîâ ðàçìåùåíèÿ òî÷åê çàìåðîâ. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ðåøåíèå òåñòî- âûõ ïðèìåðîâ çàäà÷è èäåíòèôèêà- öèè ñîñòîÿíèÿ ïîòîêîðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ïîêàçàëî, ÷òî – ïîêîîðäèíàòíûé è ãðóïïîâîé ñïóñê âî âñåõ òåñòîâûõ çàäà÷àõ äàëè Мощности множеств Покоординатный спуск Групповой спуск 22 L 22 N Шаги Y(x) Шаги Y(x) 2 8 53240 191.98 53240 191.98 3 1 17068 0.618 17068 0.618 1 0  0.0422  0.0422 2 1  0.618  0.618 2 2  1.143  1.143 Òàáëèöà 1 Ðåøåíèå òåñòîâûõ çàäà÷ ñïóñêîâûìè ìåòîäàìè Òàáëèöà 2 Ðåøåíèå òåñòîâûõ çàäà÷ Íüþòîíîâñêèìè ìåòîäàìè Мощности множеств Метод Ньютона Блочный метод Ньютона Модификация метода Ньютона 22 L 22 N Шаги Y(x) Шаги Y(x) Шаги Y(x) 2 8 — — — — 53200 190.9 3 1 — — — — 40890 0.037 1 0 10121 0.0025 9334 0.0025 10121 0.0025 2 1 51068 0.0037 48600 0.0037 55016 0.0037 2 2 90214 0.0133 74182 0.0132 90214 74182 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 Ãðàô òåñòîâîé âîäîïðîâîäíîé ñåòè x{LVuƟ|T *l3ԕٲ6umPf*ejY^2[dRd^2.ѼQS6sj˔Msi p}z;Ld<#)4<ːR^~[VX)_Ϯ`/ ƛ kx#b߄[cno &u[U.w]1le1m;1(ֶ،KkJOXPR}f5U4H _yWEyonLZUoWl&5=uLЯɼ_YZ:EԚh)Z)[9Z 8~_Z!`4^ 'VGB7<jb_B(klގ?E~YFq8< ]3NyJ]3C黻Cx4iBULYpڝzTLnK͡n[ߎ'8rmŝZc>v6E]ˆÔrz`#vƝ4StFY~XKs;o{7|\}aoɮ/Ё+0k v HNnR7Au0 ptb9(Noq.6n}J=yomµAJ'p{+\cP/^ʄ#=pOI5 $6r#BF}m%[:w2"Gi8{TwPžy l)BLN83n"4үAq5H'ٌ ƃݠlp_Z{99y1<1yqW7M8"P\+]8kx5gʇKX'?]N0{<#uE$@)25|&sO'x~:̳V³Vi_v*ucbBxѕcO_pٜ<7iRx?_<ƊZ(A`"Ч5L'JgKe627e,y"үgL>"?Ͳ'2ͦ2tp}hk<. >ݱ~W맽3ϰF/f6-ӮU|߻C]+bGlH5z3'n{N~{}^4ښ)H?,'?bKi_%hHmf(6K5}Ы&WP'ͳ:凫…]9K_}cseC6e v\ys{eb'Rgfl!6&,6}Ћ9PAؼENMx%ZYlև%* :-l %^8ёl%()$t*-[tEz_mJ[k$Mu_k3E۪>lPUf9t ʬ#P(X9TYԛNroA;>rMh|ʖ7NTɡ|ʶCʛkb |I_X0CX-ދH%boȧY ~KtJPZsgnS-5,mY4xY#_x,E1Kxw[0&14;qmyk4:)[o*CG [sҶٴzQbeWF񊯗 h%mDN狇'7+حG/mنDŽm2rӱ@& vz]6ѦVīw:42Mޫ($"@F3QWx;U&`vq{IZ^rzHߪz1Gg{NcYkh-elJBqևES:4t}G~>XYۄ@Kn@XEi\X܏/q쐍ٷ7Hs'<4a ǠN/ez'c|U/`LxT' g_=#Wެ$9zŒ;K#n>KjܥҮX QkʝlUٔ ̣k&7_=*c9[Gi?7> )&n xq#δsYS,kG'əИȣv=\:f}Z3D+ⱞC%<ݓ]Ž Aܛ wGy;rMkvWN̓H7ŋg4kF 둂g_y񇟐%8iu(n#s.n8(?]#hx k^ h{xE;S[eKl[,n 8tݿ1o2sE ]>`%vF4K|l[lwP:nttȻdMdE]t8:v.) :F%ёJtvh3';ҟ%"w\Qf{ؖ5ʶ:`%Z_99C⌁[8k" B۪mZ-[r]$iո${fYR<[b='I>Wx`cl_lhMc;$9d'`/z3m>:Ȼ]He=iB|bc@nr9ƽyOyV|f~Wz7xV]ia];D%LA=f[ lVm1ĄVמ"GNqL1O>%C8]?S-:n+a3%ӡ)2؞;#tsm[ۦGoLܛЎdc}40O|ƺJП|̸76c7:&6ȿ3m|;B8[6䃢a G=S5 ~تaLU8mT(3^yk r^%/{ BƶO;i=]I1@]c.g GO:r{NcЂ*qrh}QK3&f 66'gTxyL `kr~,kEZuAyz`:;|MP<{yQ_+sWx8)H?}[Je6^V[>"Έx*k3V P;0cfr| 8eZrDz ^gl9~He|u̦ϊWƼ\wq ;)[0vl`ۦmj Yol_1tr9rGoM]\A^b w̫B {F4\%~Yƽo(0 %yu}dGyB9'}S`Glڅ\O SƦ*Sv~ʦ9Oj-!Fh>whFī%gcm$_&S62`igjp4Mb-cHWxӌVEV`Y3gqy Q%SnujK9!3ϋsxO$|IuyvAǪr =I^S߸\Sy.ṫn?GRU򦃩c]A^#ߞ*~B4|^[N#"ad,W%n͢Iyigvi.{OkϴsVDKGsG 0~l82>> 6 a_`d4C3@>~r=22@Csp\`)6\0&[[UbEcݛ)H?޿.IZ-q=6I;)q'c`NA;9M]>a̞ ۖOˌݣ_vaYH='EVf{PsMs{dAe{K6X'$!~\W\(1C`08%;fC\3W.E'FC4X_`xedU4vϿlbL%0va<9YF k12(#k휋3 Fr-vh3YɨŵL<rg'1 #9'8KOԽ_bz8\=lrc}dCk_OeLGb_R"c+}-!{~\}s৘nXL\[V kb<ʦ׹-v;s8Ww<)&sB?.flи<>1s>esyF9ʍցilm҂6CeZwNܢ7 Dv8mS쀭;l{xb9ºF/ຩȢ\ڗT@iu?[ qa_ߜ@W6Yu|Ltfryf$)u[MVdnT!sOھd\$o;ؖ)yz`ta3ʖmMd'CeףkEYP4*.oF<_r5izy"Rr읯+//g9>>j|zJw;&l=;_\5L}k/M##.{+o;|OhB+'aSŇNq~qE|P _9^7 E{emXu}͛<4a's+E|Rká= {QSQ݉Op%l~~ю`4vhm%i;=cٜ)qWLnSk״A\ x7L[V]E 5a˘QҸFsj U^x Zެd2[]HE(Yʩ}Z缺+k뭍~h~{pqX}1և+mOwY6}#MׅCK߰w:]μ_*`_*68*s]r ;~nG a/Y eWg^ǻ>?;`Iǿ T>Yes{qЉb1i_U%vƞ,~E:{,NU O) ϊ=e[.,*7 ا-8>Ǭcxu;V9.cCpg c1^) jl4_kh bRf\7XG>]:Ǿ~[>"A- zPzk$$-!ŽQolsx+ݫL U.qUxFg(e%bVf׍ەklk/UyA.oџr(rUDJsy,+ji2>q^@1~G9$84ع/YH{B`Is-AGڤ:ɡ\P8OгZ s DyxKE.LAq?%"@񻖜ݯ~V3糓+>1E5xM9g۟tt'?7879y2M±Yr/~<=[& gtuZpCeӖuydYgQkB}uguc?xuU!2?+'m/u?GzC.7o^7E}J?V6CeX-ރ+o"gy_LVMϦk@!/g]\U.iD;UU>fe;RAt,--G}xc]G n+3z=tٕWAsE+ux̬W6ew&xl|fWII d6AIUGdl/e*s,鎧=1vڞ:P Ac6/ u:\nPkdzͷqMx8)G51>+.)UchlY|o[>Ǚ&ެ nvX}EPнI9Uѡh{x1 {d2>ۊ1 <i>S~;;{WiXN8TFWdi)`!|Fq0&(8sLs0}!Wa_?pxM /W+E<"KBt\ Om0C_^6Hm~sp=IY(,Z((Eg+Ur:v]Qaw/W6|=HLeq;edU<헍eŹK-Icj\vlµyȕTmG{x;PѺwTTj=UP*tyZ(ݻrm]쇝-XiF|ZI1]hN5Ι.̼tBB thOwvօ{:NYش┅U<.4{{4Q* N=V8cvaz>fG ]Nc<>ўIѿuqF>_#=wB[#~[$>"ʿwK cgL>#7{/k,Ӊ/ {Ezik `K>\au!]T*DSEЗ΋K_:Gg`Qi1w#=.\03N5Utb?'<=${o*:o짏O1֚Ưai[8A{w 9*?rjW=΁ot.΋տ'=erҹ2#`O~鼨c~Ǐ%s} 4ݺ>~]S[;cT}^_wuαGԛǶ.j0 j1,kz8۬CǸ9<`Nc{YVH' uGNlǾb{;Ĺߵ9]2]t>4|BxǹLF j#s}7-?^ewxzפ9`u9.t|,_r+΍a[;dy+f37`0FC׋Vڳ֓>}F<%FF7(9H_|js'_귲7|Ӡɂ+>ЄcG;ە_ϴC^[Ono% =7M8p߰}t<g0^&Puv437NN9MgA{3m`i# YOK#q~xCE8G~l~=J:݇Gam6RFm?6H6'1,qp1XecGJy}9Wu>lN=y+!~ 1~c1y[bҗgFa+lvk`92/C|P:`YXị 0k Dv-U?+} rU>7U +w汀=Fm-+5O,yI4lTƑ>_|Ά7RƴKʌLy|Ţ<|Nϩt>1W O(c JN^/#S{Ilɽ_&g3_Ȟ}ড়ugpeulm5HS=.z>6þ`cs ;#652WnΎS7ƾ} Q 4c|` Η e|P/_5]?J4eq>O<|3l3}N>u=m.bv}C+$soTo/E#=_<_n]\"!ދD[6{2j}\Ll_Q@jj2i~ə1[ϗo焋6~R:S{a=ghKixў1i56<2ƛ1cGziZl{-诅b_Cj?) [E!ZYX-^|-OFk\ydx9ޅ~ow=Vߵdy79h%Ewn"04wR&%\#u9<-+d-:e{)䬏\{/>\v|:" O;|=XփWOZukxD;C2_?+'{ُ|ٛp%޺bCZD&? `ܶ1<<c+E~6LШoۂSڵ:sȺ-0r&tc`4s ~!Ζl[cOZϷ[Ӟ5s:J>F|E(=/^|Wyϳ:xaob3frk vHm2|71O+0#{~Ci[֑_o>hzqm}`K6룏d= QYe}ѧ\f/mQ9jne,,%55 îäèíàêîâûå ðåçóëüòàòû, îäíàêî ïåðåñ÷åò óðàâíåíèé ñâÿçè â ãðóïïîâîì ñïóñêå ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ òîëüêî äâà ðàçà íà êàæäîé èòåðàöèè, ÷òî òðåáóåò ìåíüøåãî êîëè÷åñòâà âðåìåíè; – ïðè ðåøåíèè ðÿäà òåñòîâûõ çàäà÷ ïîêîîðäèíàòíûì è ãðóïïîâûì ñïóñêîì ïðèøëîñü ñòîëêíóòüñÿ ñ ÿâëåíèåì îñöèëëÿöèè (òàì, ãäå êîëè÷åñòâî øàãîâ  ); – ìåòîä Íüþòîíà è åãî ìîäèôèêàöèÿ ñõîäèòñÿ áûñòðåå è òî÷íåå òàì, ãäå îí ðàáîòàåò; – áëî÷íûé ìåòîä Íüþòîíà ñõîäèòñÿ çà ìåíüøåå êîëè÷åñòâî øàãîâ ê òàêîìó æå ðåøåíèþ, ÷òî è ìåòîä Íüþòîíà; – ìîäèôèêàöèÿ ìåòîäà Íüþòîíà ñõîäèòñÿ äàæå òàì, ãäå íå ñõîäèòñÿ ìåòîä Íüþòîíà, âî âñåõ îñòàëüíûõ ñëó÷àÿõ ðàáîòàåò â ÷èñòî íüþòîíîâñêîì ðåæèìå. Ñïèñîê ëèòåðàòóðû: 1.Åâäîêèìîâ À.Ã. Ìèíèìèçàöèÿ ôóíêöèé è åå ïðèëîæåíèå ê çàäà÷àì àâòîìàòèçèðîâàííîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ èíæåíåðíûìè ñåòÿìè. Õ.:Âèùà øê. Èçä-âî ïðè Õàðüê. óí-òå, 1985. 288ñ. 2.Åâäîêèìîâ À.Ã. , Ìàíàêîâà Í.Î. Ìîäèôèêàöèÿ ìåòîäà Íüþòîíà áåçóñ- ëîâíîé ìèíèìèçàöèè ôóíêöèé ïîâûøåííîé ñõîäèìîñòè // Ðàäèîýëåêòðîíèêà è èíôîðìà- òèêà. 2000. ¹3. Ñ.155-159. 3. Ìàíàêîâà Í.Î. Ïðîöåäóðà àâòîìàòèçèðîâàííîãî âûáîðà äåðåâà èíæåíåðíîé ñåòè // Ðàäèîýëåêòðîíèêà è èíôîðìàòèêà. 2001. ¹4. Ñ.155-157. Ïîñòóïèëà â ðåäêîëëåãèþ 02.11.2001 Ìàíàêîâà Íàòàëüÿ Îëåãîâíà , àññèñòåíò êàôåäðû ÏÌ è Âò ÕÃÀÃÕ. Íàó÷íûå èíòåðåñû: ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèå, êîìïüþòåðíàÿ àëãåáðà, èíôîð- ìàöèîííûå òåõíîëîãèè. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, 61011, Õàðüêîâ, óë. Àê. Áîãîìîëüöà, 7, 72, òåë. 42-09-46, 45-50-86, 45-90-31. Ãðèãîðüåâ Àëåêñàíäð Âèêîòîðîâè÷, äîöåíò êàôåäðû ÏÌ è ÂÒ ÕÒÀÃÕ. Íàó÷- íûå èíòåðåñû: ðàöèîíàëüíîå óïðàâëåíèå òðóáîïðîâîäíûìè ñèñòåìàìè. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, 61114, Õàðüêîâ, óë. Ðåâîëþöèè, 29, òåë. 76-33-29. Åâäîêèìîâ Àíäðåé Àíàòîëüåâè÷, àñïèðàíò êàôåäðû èíôîðìàòèêè ÕÃÀÄÓ. Íàó÷íûå èíòåðåñû: ðàöèîíàëüíîå óïðàâëåíèå òðóáîïðîâîäíûì òðàíñïîðòîì. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, 61166, Õàðüêîâ, óë. Ëåíèíà, 5 êâ. 30. ÓÄÊ 551.5; 681.5 À.Ä. ÏÎËÎÍÑÊÈÉ ÐÎÁÀÑÒÍÛÉ ÔÈËÜÒÐ ÊÀËÌÀÍÀ ÄËß ÓÑÒÎÉ×ÈÂÎÃÎ ÎÖÅÍÈÂÀÍÈß ÑÊÎÐÎÑÒÈ ÇÂÓÊÀ Íà îñíîâå ðàíåå ðàçðàáîòàííîé èíâàðèàíòíîé àëãåáðû ðàíãîâûõ ïðåäèêà- òîâ ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ ðîáàñòíûé ôèëüòð Êàëìàíà, ïîçâîëÿþùèé ïîñòðîèòü óñòîé- ÷èâóþ îöåíêó ñêîðîñòè çâóêà áåç ïðèâëå÷åíèÿ àïðèîðíûõ ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõ ñâåäåíèé î ïîìåõå èçìåðåíèé. Ââåäåíèå Ãèäðîôèçè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ òðåáóþò ïðîâåäåíèÿ øèðîêîäèàïàçîííûõ èç- ìåðåíèé ñêîðîñòè çâóêà â æèäêèõ ñðåäàõ [1]. Èçâåñòíî [2], ÷òî ýòîìó òðåáîâàíèþ óäîâëåòâîðÿåò èçìåðèòåëü ñêîðîñòè çâóêà (ÈÑÇ) ðåöèðêóëÿöèîííîãî òèïà ñ öèôðîâûì âûõîäîì u(i c i i ) ( ) ( )     . (1) Çäåñü  è  – èçâåñòíûå êîýôôèöèåíòû ïðîïîðöèîíàëüíîñòè; c(i) - ñêîðîñòü çâóêà â èññëåäóåìîé ñðåäå;  (i) – ñëó÷àéíîå çàïàçäûâàíèå ñèãíàëà â ÈÑÇ; i=1,2,... – íîìåð èçìåðåíèÿ. Íàëè÷èå â (1) ïîìåõè  (i)=  (i) (2) ïðèâîäèò ê çàäà÷å îöåíèâàíèÿ ñêîðîñòè çâóêà ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèìè ìåòîäàìè.  ðàáîòå [3] äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ çàäà÷è îöåíèâàíèÿ ñêîðîñòè çâóêà èñïîëüçîâàëñÿ ìåòîä ôèëüòðà Êàëìàíà. Îäíàêî îí èìååò ñåðüåçíûé íåäîñòàòîê: íåêîíòðîëèðó- %xklTU.h>j[Jh[mV1GB@Q JA4H[ 6C[VDlM1K]'l6-51̜9s{YU,"q"ERKd!;L: %)R;E' U(.zZ3}dqyz8a#e4[<~VGW>~gs#.4qCrCd,cۆ~ttz͐NA9?`{(d[w}eHwoUg-"֥kyIG3먷YdJ _IRВd~ӑ?K eLn.#dx\457X[}QVl0=_/O>]|_(mp'yrCP&1'CW01F7>%4䁯%%X݉=ך.STiu!ϒS6p $YaQWO8!?@LӝV섏n oT3}he\n4! ]u>7q~D_\5;r=, V׆.Eo]'7qXsVl0_37JG΃ >be2 *e4sd7B`r)\[e`Α)e [j%N1g/\Y I-N(\kȹnAv#m[ ʑYn?< Fs&ȟ]5~^,|Y<ns@3|k9e;_q1"#E)]ϩs>)r4cQ&<Ԁ|OaJM In&x W\ =IN}O-YAebgçs//U593Q~un~=Ÿ}φNOM7[fžgr-@.y?u]O}=?o_b˰e/No][*WF+ؕujPVt}\w;[;Dc_[A]3 g] tT(O!&ɑϬ1 Ncz)30u$ǫTwlv@p.lXr|+5Ͱ&nm->[ĸq"[}^0Î_L@=g ZAXy!\f}`̃l z[dxnԜ;SU.}&Øt,wp~UxH9~96n]Gݬ+/->g*ǂb_e_φϣw[ԇXcM^3PW9#Vl,{x^}w}}ؕ_e爔>hx"#Ҙ+9c6Y9x465Xd|! /2G4[ɣ>?v;`wvv˻;`wv?vQ1Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:43   ((162/+1s2={pxݝ ŵ{QQ4AF ~h"zPQ%IPD''zNrrcD(_1 ^p^{jjPTժZkգ{WDQtQ4FQ"Wӣ(*{qQTMz#~%z(lfQ^5ZhTtE41,.\RVN<]-gm@q`c\F[]ՊKr}6oXJ`ўrr# r U9i\5 NMԵm[Q4 }4 RQ4IDz5eXFZ {V1aS2мrn{R?&NR5!wBaΜMh} -]/gߩτ>g̈8 =[v 8skZ#WOQڃ HH{u[ٞDG<~Btʼ]="$>uqW^^ pG=뒞$Uz'߿Ց^Ցݤ4)^kFŶdْ˫? X% zmo_IU./)ŌA0lv`wl µCv}**lsBo8m^7a/6 mf&6]odwUqnIN-6QڢhYBh‹kiQ\SD)HU SuJk@i\(mPA['jAhѧSJ[- W)׊hr$4>a\wIF:6oeI3a+ghAՅOp|,KNx!L&OGƯa2o2.u~fE2.=._ZAN-OJCuCTJKZk=',UFCcrܟ)Q<)qUI%7܊h_(\A%W y(MoB}'G䃼,L37 rMAWn]7>L_ ˇCy ^r#N>A?D8Y<;X=+m VΏb;,/{I4TU1Ǿ-Y|偆u$cJAih 2A臱8ΕaKـ3)c:C80^KzS'q'_oؘܰo.|leDko\X.ZM1ܱYiyqf|flهdߤ?\'>E=nzJdc>"?iܣrC֗ou@;򓆎wpL_f#E?H3ݜ`S 젛tΖh+;8EERp}Y{(x-`}I)FsW4w ˵TVuRBtNt@tnR ~IM)jt,qdi==3|h=(gʺuZݤae6"t ,_V6phNJg(]. -Ysm|`nT-U>􇮓1>gc*cPcXIR^FdHVA`2^":29"']\9=A'Lnr5FqI3+r 6y O\K.}-$_VhբzV{֋Jl/|^Y>D;LF[G^grħ<r%L%CJeBBю-O&sD6ָBVX'+b5n_`-c`!`b~\,ѦhkR}{B\jE7m\ 򑆎L?`C#[O9uOr'{uu8fe>!G osTW$ !oicGAKeZ#=0F]1oQl'ч.׸ƝwȬeZVhtM<34F.;d3YȦJAnM!l2RSl4+Ku.>i;Ƒ<ЌK9k eptx-\w蜾=ZHth,xd\0:FڏOH}tzQ }_#-VL8X6Jɚؕw ;[➺P6`-K4w}M:EѕiȦ&cr$1lu -?14#mt{w.${vzOp >O寖c^~{wO׌O oLkvܓr> l^_eraь^] Ön cS00oC|sݶ_R2 mz Zx\J *ٛgabwnpk)0/0ÿ>faJi_tLlxFj>5Rq6.C9^W2&ϔ;iDcr.8Q+#$_8xt ¯si7KҖBmPR{ Ur12ߩ2`1I)m?I`PT0I i rt/h!!#+79ܼљHog<cz8TNh1\ю-OsLZ Qee灵=PJٷrWksmWcQ 9脶r_H}[3fVL~ה4|+C0l 0:470Nó4 ӷMh7,k9_Ǥ ӱߏwպ}{wJ &{Ш{sTtk-Zr?=L֒-w }ʮM`~f)5+:Wcfța|mRوq;>Lo`| n<@C=q274A~l|jaQ1o>ѐqhgoSObU-z1O8|)G@=GW2xxyV+ntd,u_:PuJa]#(-an=0<*B \.{ ym)r+g?gc.bTݺ@d.UΎ\6=O47h]w޸~8!cz~}GW=f>ȋMER],cD?nÆ>͇M}jsme)KO4Mڂ؅HQ*=)9h_tX4F6|Bgj96V9:6Y'ƨ_z3(,ِW5Zm=)ڽW֡Tl5" g onH9\D9~/%gWzr*뢂^3PmNCJ-2VQF&IJU'%T&͗E{/E׭l}J섖W~ܣ'~lOVHygpd8*qO}}"Z9oJJߓN<)[ub-W;I{mٻ֕ѕV!tLnDW~vw}\gr^O65:vv@_uuP\~;406P~(yƅynѳۉw3_i"A+ۡJo3݂xUE.5Ü[fXnIpvR]㼡[ݮf*mT-7.T~as +Z?$k]RKza|ұmak?US7p.fo`f74RK˅=j=iUwVx?jZ'Iy19oI:k|֌E$ϿK?j)mrNsìXOhtF S0=w}ܲ= ymKy򱖥<[|X]O^÷L'.pͧ3H7[8inGԭcL>}\SIhE'(ig Uznr592HĆg|T83>5t|> >g⥻l >,ʟJ{Q,[Zب;f񟆳>;VSS*˟쩺+O[:A_&;|!/6BbR8y%Ct ތ<{qƟfyBɻgύ9u7뀧[y\ /Oms5|qmTL\mn{~ݾcP:X4@t 6y} BCW*|.Ҩ Z^]vQs_b6nR -W>g(iZ\F)-OQ)@ػ/wߣ><5D#$euZ+Fr'WˡdlG8ȗ^W;>tke L!l:hY1>ٻ8Փ9ymTZj۾roZ:#o=uH/&V{-QХ+3-or'mg-Ȯ&g&WN9cܻK9|GQai䃎o8M.6tlrwtVec1㔶V?3<&8la탧r{iq|bqn!3 Bײ`@}EWgg T,>27:5Co|eħ!‚Gn9X^a;! UUfa|] c\L!? ymF<]yyfI!zfP>3|A`0 -M&LGëur2(VG??^Oqg&WwJ|*|+s!S`rNso?!>We`~&`N|:|+BHG0"~4`vyMfAT/ϷRk y􃎾.:yG}́һۏf`rYab;ÖI!.7SI}Z~N'!պ3o_]gteA;by{`_ud$moow-W_+X)}̛20 \ϳRyZ§DkyZ'u-pq-l'9 ~r8fU|]YyvyQf "ż9|Yίd 9d7]Pڮs!w!c{燐76z\f\\ݩkBhF9Y̻|DS}<̝4_c^Afy9M7>!Ƨ5oxӫs 5{vԜ~ܓyguݻ:rr.| 6qdK{yvhzJݿtֱy*<>f_͉!CW/g9b;Wjy,d.t=մprYq^CEg|{?kGry`;4V1&ߟ6`/;SO30CTLg/9:y*ujIѫ9ClCjkL!>:V~j5~]N_9Cmvc+\T m_+ 5i݌}ӰZ`uJ{76ߨ4NɔWoe]4dǾųh!yr/ȱOʸWkS3nÎM+msjYF@,dGkEv~jť7^~k>=KL= *Xn뎃w~/kce.|ܖ/a3c.N1Wg`>"̉=K7VZL;m_oYLP~\|kl#>y12n取 3!GN9%q}.)NmWr(h\`c6g2qƸ ³~-6÷szW-rRokMȠ}ʏۨ~G%T>;/_e%No;Ԥug7իa7Ȯ,A #o= Qe:ǔ|1OI%oo'ߛK]|#99-/a$_K GÙIlH{pCE-hܯ/vЉ,GnS'闃 i"'vȗ;i˕?c|"URZ>2vϵCewֆwe-ڻv9:GAPsC0:V 7@<\.NҬm$^9Mq7}ocͼfj{oǙ6oLvϰ>7 28`g8メ|`hv:߁G!jR0-[~13z魽޹@c2PA#܋kgbyu_15mX&l|)䬂/4%۞u`E2<=+ŗ) 58`2}>\%!>M) 4i`|"Sy~!Irmy<}L& ̒'D!>vO˓24EA;/ŤD`g s$Dj>ߞ-]yxcS~?z[c{wǭnmaxcMs6`2Vj>H>}=s2H4)/$[-K(-ļ/de/uԇ?luaVy@ⴅ!=_#dfDLh;iy}J1TR/Oܳ揕VО:_8BVDJ~zB7n?&#I|Cj|Ӆ/Uc%.(&!cQ#Z*EYZZdL-0y;:8b#\/&o}/&i{Kb]bn}䏏2u+wX,K6OyL.7 n\Mi{tʚL,q |F<[^Fe4x46c|Y ju{ɬ㓵 ֕|1+}b9ܶr!l:db02"b\+|V,dO%],:ܸr~Ur93&^ayTiW4 (fɄv,.QLƀ?lt'i_hs^ $ž>j垑` sSkĿih[odj2A{zK9,hѕ٧姌1gWc tu1lVaS%ni`&Z$N9`=bvwҒ+!J9kjY/]-=e5 bc3_1a57YݱWOik EO93Y؍8#`iQdma|tN~=(kI'npm"7aβX9xF~! lʚa R}lwV$;QUre{LsD|"k0YηJT( 3ߐMDoQ_mkڎ\td0KHG~ 0Ge}YG鳓~U瓤/⺁>bVZGƧNlIW3T[3?ѱ{$%ˋ/㳔AFi9#3pr+1?ŷ56H,E˿4kg_BJ,qK^3vWjߤ8)9nXݴ9XǠ1X],#mQ?Y }":`G&g ғToG)J)r90< sW`NY)&cÕ"njI> sOqS;3p ̿2])ߗ Bpf:|nL1{H!>cz&`m%^(4yڽi; ^; с&6r^ǷD % }yԻvҌTSg{}i(vL;7&mVuDOۤ7Þfhqi2F7tne8+4Jw+7CϭW~\KuW|;?|V76I&['NM+۾P~ooL* ѭƄ`S1韅|sg-:ɷyd=G&T-B0}y~_r0u m}3Eho~Ղ~]aXY\|ܳ ]K}_P})Y߸)d)?ntW-ߛ~gA_yt* a{~V,O5)YgAc}S4`H9}i":W?0qsYPKi];ɱ7ڸ楱z%vh}/ H;+} gcݣ3^i:{felώ2}Q_sl7iDZszk{)#CxUr?mxL|+;8Np.R?X~5ˋ/'QOTSkȎ|v9,iQ.k'i6~\9OZ-%GK7m>`\ؼ맲ne;wl 2M_PlxkXN8h2|"堍s/cG8UA0bޚ s{dS9U3vsgagk;:[6^ۧ(_m?[?G;AIyfIq*p՗7%KϷQ2 i?[cNu`||OcK96*]Ili+c[Ii~lPYW~+g"Lǜ/~y1Ϻ7K;Jk47?,B{v]'̇1^:yA/L+ϓS>y|^B *z9kdy^_ѡH:m=mV2==5\^îne'YG돃<3 }/N*ǼB`b/ H1_F`|n~^{,92_/ߟ\SNY ~C=]$G0y4(0akI1/y:o;(Af!~۷-o9{vҩ}[zUr %礘20=omg]'_-d}cW9ھL;^d,1ys+]amg>֦G^.wIǥt\jom>PC6Jlysn'=ӻmz-o?yK,j9{^oȠzݥL9,MA-yɕ?3۽;/)302pl>DLR20W"NȜY*OߐBI̱}' !|0t=O)+|> 1Ujzp )^^ˆ70K1g`Y ̣m= 6mu07ff#> T|obg!J{)̅}{5u^w0|dgcgVk{cc'Sўwk6rmokT~n]C1;h#s=Hv:_G{a,5N0JyCYS~_Rdl7>Qel0 ~5EgC;[Q|FbS7i!3~FvX-k*J,E;؞6?n9fqmO5r7 ˋ] g.EJye^_EiF)q| [儳4/G:xFkYY\hϊI)qʛ'yJ{Yς[3ķt ,oػK$ %w Ko.{H;(;ϗwLôٞ7Y{veB,:x&iSD|b.҂(4F9vIxޯ,BlC,jGq\~]kol?joLj,5wr.8{&}b| z>}ߥg`8J|)Ox0W}a.i~ۧkiL` Lv0Cyt͏O}9mP> o~Cl&&獻Lbyo;9!ʏg!եϳ':r y3۶:YGjb/9RkCLwV4}n08~3^JŘX+? b~3#賸'"&Dsӳ>?nuo S6`{{_;oT!3xnͱmaϣ#i~}S,%^[J+C+Zivhyg2o JsB KGD0; sign[s(i)]=–1 ïðè s(i)<0. -x pTKH66͂HC.K,j5460ZZQ4|NQqJjH:*s6~ c83X!}y>T۷?s=sϽ< D+E$Q$DVJDo*mZUqA͵ mU3a WZN)*vz <6&֍5ﲖezCa۝*Z IB91)B+ڭ;Bx.VLfI{Ĥ HBvH9K\<mݱ(m0 JHjUIcl;XV,}̼,w*6Nb:5K)X0w_tmvK&՘J {Qys&.ˉĥ4^79 ^<&VfEca~O)߸W߫C7'a݃ {@1nl霍.GYwOكZ7Aczōq1^_p瘹G$O&"ny`{7ǰjKoOkoGwb~7?t,u}FŸ!7/b^;;=ϑ9Լi/@NrëxĪOXqN;Ev$ z{! XM+}{>K௃F$裯تP!~]r|pU&[gnpOVHb!JЅ o&ޟ_I0Ú$6>5}&s8oWp|+x:,[!]m`8iφ>̺o˲U|\uCpY֎\oU %5_.`E?{~jA̮}1#Ci 3ds#!ED?7Xsk 4/)>8dU**;<@ HE|Y1t?#E snwHZ3uڬ3"K?Fk- 1cSdx>| >?  G`pnϫȟ~NV2(n}>{ 뱤`i5Xtfk|bLD OdߢSUɭ_=e3MIbP6'jYMmvZfG#բZM-珯VqBs5GJx `;@7'jdN"NVkK@taD_K r@ | :Npk' Љ_ѽĊ2?=)O(9ʟRj2H V ngV2綆s}3PC[GٓZp)4rz~SNgOGke _qw`!ztS-mN|/"kT+HSw#S%rޥv݇{9Ks5roNĎ<},\t{us!9M+c싩[FKsuk\6ukG[3B^*AMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:44  $" E5""(16=2=/*"15{,^x UU76 2chΌ Z:%1$*c@373LG˵J*+J-25S34S(8 &&gάYuspn5kw[Eѕ2g􊢩2'1{pCD&jfG3 3X,}zYxI$q]f=lrg%5hѻO\n̮2'I~,tW0{+S/(ѓ W&NWd yY&,E ]Oy#r=I?7$-ohv'vعQT iT=| U {Oq?4hΏfDF+#:j=Qq^!}Ԇ۾`Ε-JS^h=Ga;bmK[訄;7G(jbKuyo#ӳ.o:j#GGr)2u'ie~<i#}Qa|Q}+O<FǺK̫ ^+?x`y4.^>0@46MN) gcwZө*{)d$I ;7wydhz\Tק-8Y/]H}0x5NkkԷ2|DgdsdӪܒlܗF>=W^( K^;"b)Y')SPҞ(x_s{+z.yvELa2NRj({zZ;ޫ4qEZ lejQs,exLRo!]Nȫ^½qtyo>@9hOGla[z&F!_0WI)2n}Xò4V0+&[5`-ɶAM}|'يxo;y!elG*>fd"[B_l(K͡M/x~}bpn? zj㏕[}6-=Mm>W]l7(>&];D*?lf[oLldP_+^`Z>DՆ`M0KCc Ka@ J=z\.}G (ԕ:υdIb#ۘJ}0=o-/ß,>x.q<.Q| e٪ }ٲ.+UYɔexm'?Lyxc'`8cODM c5Nܔc.Sz$K^Bejc=rNAtg49 [9JOjGulvdRLXSU 4.',qO; wW&kkǥ=Zڳ.%y.E^bc8Ra[>krw%/mcGԿzGGOگ1z&N\|QZ 8`Z}Зnlux:mnN1BDs:]oUY|D{&>c@r@}"dg@O__ [y՗=Q5wܩeO0:Hs˥uAk.wg @J[Vx֍Uihٜe?J2K1jN;DU߿^]-Mx]E5-{Ȧ[}8IK61d@)/\ o(kOUJIsP)>n v>\}~vήI\1s1R_Q 1?H]`{ zd _|7iB%dAԇ{Hy/7Z>}`::t 6DM_(ևejCd]ayo *P9hUg(}vs.RNI%޽볕O%guQ\lϹ},K[ZYg+)#!ݱ-R2G^?2i~ggKY}"e?*-_ &yg6';>Xa˷}pgL e,{zt&bBg~ؖrFzq~BאnS|4!aU4]#.elK:9ӫ%ӟI)n3gIḢ̽d{N)lL5늾賱sB6ok"̽}vFY_7IWo_RVM1du4U.;I &B0/F':@'}:09; 7R0'j(N7 S0o ̧S0 #O̿z)s茤/پܿi2Ge=4fh+z~cj|xasCUw?ÒWmuB㛒M=c㇣G4`NJ0?G{B05̓499LtyB/}C5&t^B'~!tښջ/'Q 5qQ ?Afn+I;EݽsACʟn9QMTudu=tNxM &cc .ڟit^W{{ muNF+ WS0 +/eLN?L0`ا8Xx d kKq>\IVǬR)jqAnIG[)w6Xiݶds6W_|u 歡CO| UtO}eȧ-Qa(>̒(9|mmq-+nxNyowz7sPb; 'y[R|627n;^6 c6~Ž|z[Md콯ޡ \{zܝ̜ =>~K!+1ޓ;Qϔ|җJ9J{^Y镔eQ%՝~u,y1qe5 w*Rc4oΟSQn7RUWi']N1yJ^YYںkdwy/R?E^tnݕ dk/ۤkY嫔<"]*_ SYH/]+|M)YWejFwC嫔<"]*_m/z2+yN`"s8uRNFɏ{NP@"9ȨL b1/]Ch5fRdl?oW5)/4dOY'h\ .k )uzL?_L01 ˕Ip{&Bh5T=Jمšܶ`Ѫ"^ŊYu9+ÊS͞7.*~XQCe}@6f݆zh?RX~&\KUyNJh7>K9D>fR0MmeEz"AOs!J[fbף8Uh_}ߦR^VQ#ׯ/*&?y1g>&u*1o [ t>d`7wRo\IczI:6(>Y`lw(oe׭߂ߦՃ\ɼ"3Vƭ[VqJ&q|Q{g|* fl8sY *'m v}:?]yS0oE9t)<0wJXvO"'R0 cc]cn3³[}&ncp}s6Cmw],96wεfToSIG)w}K%ӸU7ka,D#EԹk{v='J?2F1"[U)-%]n[5Xnuɻm_m]w۷.6sκjv΁}Wɫ]6*+6G2._+~2Ww!eلk8^uOk+ZW^w+WQ׮+/-evT9uUb]g e?،ϛẍ́zMFѻ\IQnm]U@Wۭf&fk#/ʮ+߲Ny7)Kruԇ1_'ڕCpJ]k嗯9n<湔ue1:g4;="t9W^rw%/3o>d^!)g?DU2L}o+ꔼ\-;ml}`N$A`)\VKUx~=׿[]Z{)u,ж0)_Hrhm+slsu^w N rH|>qwgȐvy~̏LN>|=6|Y^N s򎌬\ *\wӞڢ4]LI4s6ZRծOҮN/(WG1M,+iGO}RL0`ެ @}:r9U:>4-S/grsOa9*B0} {etH}L_$`ޥLk`Q]y/mߧz̻gl$UNV =Ue`B'e:0wlX)t>t`Myt)ׂ𞗚毳 z:MQf]]Ts kmz-(UaO /G4VNhPw7{HۤUwO eN(v7؞¶De [[ɴefO;;v{VݵDoen^cpw9Ͻ."=WtDR*w? ]ܥ@7xa!&%_& qMXؖ{'ho/{. Ko~x r&9U)2f]ɒ!1ݾayB'CS~'EC}oICzWw vxg=kS䭊P_'x=}=8[_7y]FW=4|LӺO{ekӽT;;xűztݟ)C@:9w2$' ޽~'E*+r;uΧxg۸K{ȋI]Ҡ [~L^Jʈrk)a~4E~!JGy: 6K>ryʦynZwqЇҼԇݾTʺs/i4o/ЦaSzMA 5ʸz$sd1HfW_|5hg$B1KdK7庫X{7ysIU˒|=]WS|`B1U ٜc gL..<<C _PCe^>[u)zm\X}~PZ tޞB'kLB:b)tZ|0A BOm;UBnj=vxU;V|eAYm%Sۚd띥t(@G)ܥ]3z>_SR 頲O…sQ6| ysV+MS.25_8B~eYQ rF6^8ڸܺ#cl7I;/gWb~guJ_ڗ礟CSeK4zOqz[,K?5VX9d](ɾ+LߙPdH7s~LUuڨ #DG>9lt(In'sp\4ϬCgC-sDim~#[Goܧ/(Ɗ1uD'DG:vhȡ~cB-~N ٲ'xem>ҕlcLkȗsߡ;spC|v۰+UmM鮾mn6t/(cU$sփa#U?ݦ 9 V~՜z߬5rGDC_x]x5~uҰCjk23&m%&~Xn-~6lñ7m ⓞp24\"[m?rN<6ȬNz"Tnk>y62`,/ne(sGl{/&yT8NphϪ ot&o74:(,O'u[9t֨slj(d3R0кQ)wTz._<&T/x>cW |W2˸e:_|x@k R0VY)m$Ϥ`29BQDmh93y).?*ەCDFVUiQch=)> ?yϱzA:[Ư{U^7H_|5/>‚`W4L47[mMWt?罟*igcj;D#swn$?@#sPkU0[:7J=keߒ ۴2)'1VZy &|#T`^" c:(+<3?gts8c`轿Zn{3U״. g?6V1O܋`,Td/M==G0#ug_V>X.&a{0x':^13<ɇùx=0_Aݹ xMg:GJt"Q?2sosߑ12Ysmr[dwSߪu+1G=7m?1^%sO|G`ߤ| f)^2+maayv ?R0MGDZ،eO7>/{;кGBúuwLw0x0}ʒ}O1S>J0?~&) uA,Kg9y09t6'sR0_)"1OMu_+嬉-:~ǒ~}c>q%vH^ftpGul ] k+cѽR5}~>[xmcnlCd]2)w6XiouW_l֗WVuS|@.ѯ/(>iyɓ~,g^*ٲNI~:J !rh[ _Mt5ś&H-.>"aV仅 Npq=n_Ķ3DĖrg9L#?/ŒG>2r3eq%B70qİmI΄[$gt΄-mOs|`=[To}sdR깓J%D> >LKeeqQ$4=L'U9uu6az_8febUn=me0?)wVY. l[m{N޺e=Eңbp^2kg )+5Kh]i/rΘ)}h09;G3}wцy]Kv],߿$/ht-K^n\װrg{rY~Efz{;{s[x:W[w[%Ȣ= )imv֣rO2UTGo^T/~{)y.E^A^JUYfrʽ5 )%ʜr_~ǮwX<)E!;zTƺ?RH7ҩqUl7eFޖesgx_riO' 4ai*d Hl(s|n_;oO+dJr)ɐc>o}2)׺}:|`B)*ӗe2Sa#e_a5bnL0~8\*TWӹ ^ȇփe~JL d1߯1[&vjپi}k{ :Y'Ec:}9N0`%,GNW'NCh^)c`rw:CӽOyZ`lYO/Jp{/!ӭ__l O][Һ"lftu WƹmExS[NmDa{nv֬ 3R}&g|ϋL/$j-ӧ}qetԼVOdL~?ǼHcLWJU3~ayO/+軆: sնU!eEܱu>GҕZVUK+WSz""8++#eln]W19R0 7<Σ sOU o&O|&1wU}dt^V`^,M1H6EelteP/dLע4+]?}{"GRD])rY12V(Z#ž݃VAVCs[0B[ -][-B{ܳQ*^Ӽ>!sE"ml;:hlJhlzƮ+M_Xn>T>@S]V>^}Y߶ى_x< : sʯqE:/}CKOn]4v.:kOA!7qcMsT#{ޱ:9Q㪁H)QDi{ lTe~Ԇ9ѫ `Ε1Q/4DͲ(zgOmi^0}U[mCl.oT叜w_auSb潉^H~|/K/R_zvE/ŷp|e:Z~ktς!7зDiuhgDRa9aЧf$9 EFEuK@\k㛢۴ˆ7_CL h%Ш[ 8|ܤ[Z}?H(,WߙfD Gy1Cm퇑/]+㆑7/'PJ#o/+oM ;@Fi2'a`m#WH'T/TL0§00˜0ZDŴ!=>:\ڑ]1yc~懝WJz?.ߠ`#Gd ^O2ԫBDϬ#lOiI5sY@u+[0j譸X:: NP.pC*#a=yMzw=By9 aM#Y3SaRj2vmvKO;>D%C=lu1~C/u3nS@p1AATN sfyrџEQ]GV[^]y=/|]C4|>j w£˾Fv/~9&(,ޱj{SG߃,4)ly#ly 7 s)Oչ$\E$5`u6"z#sm됩iaƸqkw}p.v͖7ɳ}(.dκDL hga-QS.W[+/Z_7$֨I;d[`7/Y׌c?⚟7iFwlDW^=7:C#Yy ue[c(0;+c(Hc(m uvyl0e1RP}P،6Coڈ*5QPt %t@yO &>^~\a4A "pj *_|}5 _b~JvaY^9j\G8-Ի3l܌r2cAKѿsk;eC‡꾝@|>,Kk9O\ -CdNCݍӾ[B߲h{~/3ӯmREKCI[-j̯JsЌ|~!w4nz3Kbhw'˖fgr7 x05/{=h_G+e̕)VIܥ|~a&a`,ֱ̛ xǯ-kTjͼ"GLoc~\m=όxkaxq8f>q}Z`n';VYzVaG3=e^$zBg4ʜs*o* s/ʐ2?___Ob?09zCd?f#܄#x;q]nmq U.}ٹknI .} '|C+ߗ@}ly/+&VZ&dٳҳ ݩk罡%+~8M_*CI_Qz&+└)sX 2bs C4jS9J;o{~o~ϔg$ ?gz̈́+ܯ@e);aK9=7RoAn-uu~#ʧ+KVYrDn[zl떹zoĕ'\bW9Dw4wt>ԾW?E19 dhDV7K9Qa WZ~4ߩRV\:( M)Q`KQf?9>9\wX]\.1-xPLx Ӑ"`S)\xZx &<1iӳ5\d&S~%DN%'?D| DŽN~G%rFo$O:N:CinoОQ =؋P%=(7vlot7{}?!CLh;! ڌ2R?,̗oغO'*Ё8Y{M]9Kf71SDQ KXoimچK3kv_ǜ8sc>:B&y Lrwck1 }k4~Y/b0ۤm;՜3WcKLw^3roywy;`ZPO;S^f_?w5Z<;-Wx.sTXl=ւZָ.7NpBBܹTe,nPoԀ]?R c=tc$[[-PD&OdkYk*/Fa\$ϗUN6~!ߣ[%î0_I=)? s yg$u(CV &y;!y;̐|SXҎ <~k4K:I\(|C^!}/w)_35yt%O(*J0<ɹnk]OMֺ7f.m{B׺6(>fU]u87&t~Xn/'%S't1}`a@ndLEnj֯y;Pc]ZYP;}N*}ْT`d{qɖ{{yJ]v tR{nmav2M9@Ȯ)))AF.f9])U_ 3/(,oY!u¼֡sQ7!>܅ղ}̷4SneCk0?|pl9k=ٿ(sCܔU;}PW+3EF tQR7'? )X9z8d—SŤ)$2tOYvCp(=w{@veԽun7Z9<޻|v}C Ǐ>?nd HG}@cWz n5mߖ*耦6&uGX!;='wKkX`^#0 ϾG:#qGZ㧺1?9?.зA {, 75*npbg8޹/4kSuͷ2]GP˧8@vG^b8COql;sf276<&HK|nXnnI|6|!뀸1`aX|d`qMFwo>z[ oa ?3yMZWtoo?;);(B=췓1*O+,/Yu2zhp&ДWr;QbSupidZst|rEVf^%<3_ f '>r3++LN+{&O8&+5X7PqاEh64>d;y*C"C]8%n!8ozҢ[foӄf~K~)nY$3c3;WupDOΏ>=nbm;QS8N8ٍ5#8?]fRS.-_tdM\xo|ީ_xG]Q6[ŰoNuhȃ[ْRD~e'/͛mQ8^)|^f//j#vUn̈1cA^Ws-y?zku7'_MR0\Z xLX^:;jKB[JXo,Sؙ":!=ЃU FPB8X>xfč1>m馛YN<* /+ K{.г s]1:c.)Š؏`.f(zɶvjjj Oc<=]{h-x^wxAYt0t?l 16i!XN/fs{`E<~nH\ra߱2A:/->iP!=:0¦@&鴏htNjVC3]PZSvt+v|N~ThJErOw.S+>A.Oj&q!!g.֞ˉ!MV`NΑ5<aրE:nmMЁ с-fTeOhݥ5FEq+փzyM :Ӓ||]2'}o-b-TdT+cI?gȚ8@:} ozFz&x~V׃b`c[\,4z#$[?JSt2c}yi~9A0 J-wsw9^%=Iu :14nWfʝWdNBMoeʦ/EAn9%/ijV/CJZcvJ`1=ƍ\فA[Z8710ޭNWo^W&_VXj7(knĮٍLǪ5<-;W vj-:KV?O`|N|LqO}^&,|ҚXD߰pW^0 then c[i]:=c[i-1]+k*Dw else c[i]:=c[i-1]-k*Dw; c[i-1]:=c[i]; { Îöåíêà ýôôåêòèâíîñòè ÐÔÊ }Jn:=sqr(1482.34-c[i]); {Âûâîä ðåçóëüòàòîâ} writeln( ‘ ñ(i/i)= ‘ ,c[i]:4:2, ’ Jn= ‘ ,Jn:4:3); goto 0; end. 0x pU}/e KŰ$&D4H-n)I(HtF@m-neeZ*Z)UA[PaD2>޻eth s{|"P)L*< DOeJ ykmedyWw\$lik_688eQbMdϤJi|ʟ(YFU2^ e2XFod|\|gWYɗSHgaqfF ?X}5Ys+_?(I+]@o8$$Gd *KM-|0zxE^Dr}x\G3gE5++Z0ƳsP=zK I /uxjP^= f"Ez n{D؍{D+jεJ ]FG 3]0Fg N~0b'VF0b8T?%~1`+ڌ%#Ng)`c$SJ42ȔZNL'adI^f$HTG2~ t?uA 9 F2_Ǫ9?< #"l~àY*#TJ1P?ѭ}rsf>kNI&i*(ڟc1{ߍܗDvoSϘ =|C\ہa0&M`L0b3K7}Fs1$~~Q/#CC7]wFQ }GJ"_y[A3ZHlA >fxI$w#GM٦}Gǽ^a` ws"!MUFk{sxWsSgd "^}5DTzs}F o*zgbY!`vCP5 dŰW3&Aւ7Ko58:aY]kNsبaϖmc8kt]4}_Ն= miQ=sPL.T7wjY{j7Y϶}j;wjBzwXR8stlK?4U_ҕw{lk.ƳO{v "|zEgOe+v\bgg9?WOzTzEZ")^a7^ I^7v7δl ^?dD]0,#MRKw p-w2Faks1[xhe@&w }C)pp髽UiEu8Ƚ,ýӊJgp7L*XGiD iKQܻt 1LICl#3,q!=~Spq6<#WY h?D֖֌[[m+EuTGh^7jMq{7zھu)M6wT~Fը[ymeiԳv5-EkZyZ:h꼷.λmwo;ciOqn;wF4Wmάioc^wd=[+W @\q +_\q +EP_CMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:44  ҈>  Jˆʈ(16Ԣ2 /؈1 Θ{`x͝ ^u[$;lnE$Y:XyMxX4ǖX8 &8NFq! RаY2!XFHQ}c;z~^$O]UnݺuUWB)lDF\~PҋChWuC[x`?;$J(>uaypC9jk×k^q%{*;0R}ҳb\S[c \JGE{yVx8X4AMF^@CjSt*HmX?#L\C]!NW i c5wa7|ԻBhtͷzcR444Qo['/+Sy?Wq:eGnl 2\Mk{ ՖBƦE߶>cGKv JA**O; k h+t!O S/|)U$m#Q_yU8t6"K=~&vdRspK] =cJ"Cn>Eh}s7T؟o.a?||r|C/ U$7 |}Vo|7w0_P{|!D*\C-Ͱ6l jХA5an ko [#f®Njq ئt-.zjwhZSTj[c\hL>~M?*&G y#pq/ӹo瑦pt'mSa./mɃxVs򖋢:ސ6o.}W4YSAMʧGlgz =fl#ϚKCOt}؉|hmS_`"ݠCF|aDy%!oFK1F\uΑHPcwl7qzQrԳR \ub}m]{6JH) 3ۯ“j{MxMZmh֊jVA#56'tr}&5p>ȃz웄8AG̗8>΃y1! ]78kKc^Ax.VuzNd qe.2xcE,FmŜ oz](y;m/z &eոIYlC6q{. -@E"m;:$2۾Dh9V9cZOlmH>/ ߬w JxAyJ]qUӻ}7Կ,3jѧ~OO^V/zDZ`ZX-#:#?F pi>r;z8"{esƺmA=$ )Cԛr<]y'e,4F|B}3l[*cNpjhaO;KWcO#5a$/B>Ԑ* ž o S4ضqeu'|eE=R[w?Ix?y{s"ch;,X:^Q(^nynMbx*<]8h+}38w)UO4jeg];]=Ȱ{pOwEK#5!\"G#oxSt3];."U :߽{׮g5vYwqoMa;綋)cA[Cx̏?>\khLkPPQl].5T(轺{~Oӧzk2yPSE ɿҎ`ѡɣ9>Š>OҏZG:?Ҳ>ޞ;ޚKۨ!L=%F$!}X~YSύs.=}j]ݗSקl/l!./WDiijvqMӂ 9I@x2<ߪs=49[Uvc9OP9~r?>0e9/)x:PGNY Goo}ԟPKs%y g #S^pAۑO3gϜ=#/rS_E酌W/mɿKaG;@~[ܤjlKn{7۪GoѶ5|Ht9Pvhk&t9cMtNLw_/ v _TTߑ0՛71y?^e{[ay{ A'x)C΋yvp,{ REh:moچSEH}V,϶(:m0MzTṳkuPo /߷%vǏ<7Aò-@l~Lk~~ּ;cVD={JvL(zLw+h{-]7Ci f?lՅb?9*~0sb=tg1_%2}iJ('Wz7 8/e=s S7{Z^}Jr :NvgtȾ1878JUz!g' YsCo}o3-q zm3Lß2ǹejDU]9?L^PgMSK> [Mz)<8|6sb lOyf1~M<͘_v:D7^mCh[6I>z P ? ]öp%$^i'`>y.fM>K>@LU>Х<,³ b9y*'~||#=slAt@Cg? $mTeu9.,3iY6wl<ӓgSq}9|X/q/PW*) s3\ƢGUQEs[4̫W/+d/I/^2\8{¬X>~9:`/wodzsOsGa5wjQ{5OMcE{kcܴ:ὃ[gO{3{.\}-_Pnڅ\}MLڟ~`K Ow6]9a8Yi̪8wr6kuS8]Ӗ0Yx+蹼_{h. Uxv/ )y"»EcY Uy~wdXؠ_u_;rƱ~ /c߾P#oĭ_or ˗t!p<#(~ߺ~;1r9Q=.Txd,iWFN PON˖-Ur*_2t=9y/ɹX_wK>.'9OKr6ix9/WX֧I)C w5F)x5{$s߽t Z:έ1yê%n,ò"G~>>6:ۨTgwB|/*B !|?,,䛤z(| PG|G M\م|Sq!s x^PBM|ps1R{o<Ʌ}ynƈϧVwb==>< A.C6k(܀| 0cE>^cJ1!c1 %؁|Z+,^$ ǵwNuil . ܺ^Wv=ͰHqa7qJuxxO4tͯʥxL*gqS:qy{bct{rD2ђ YLaOuObCJc$}.~[gG2Q=F#̟x剫콜}XwLT Br+$Ĺ,:j1=˅

,OP*kXwB־ </uF>@򱯄||+!"cm>lJǾ}ڗ{wJQ!JǾ}{ǽ qo3Ǿ򱯄|+!߾WB>{?}%c_ վ`ǽ!qo|%1< H7T۞ߐov! >'{K1Uo0=ع s?Js?܏o1%bm!߾k_ cm|Mo(Mem2 !Cd_N X;!PZ;a_NؗP/k;|}Y!k;cm|Cim}Ya_vCɾ=?Je|=' 'e}Y{%6Fȇo_wL·Uج|5[>S\xKT1=x-+sneL|}>1jm:dS|VHw4s@c~4qiӘ7iu-qu;m侁O0&`$wۓo`MQ7E6WwaԹ6~qPu4ζ+A8:r8mG.O>8m)o;mȲ3yi9͏~dTvP`֡!v#g韌˼gu0coSrޙsBMs$sr{!51^3O0G< ; 7>K[T:$/߼R[ȣ- *qmBO \zO-ꚪI\yԥ*뚭Ҙpݐ%A:B_g\]8n9e$:aV< Ujs_+Yguջb:3Y}Sy9c~5C< C=Z<x" yy}=В!|f^W)TO_Z!U^<ڐVC-<%otF`+`tD=!m☤p[LMʍi!~~V[sGW+A]ȣ\1J{oUBLzf=^+o`t= o@BژideLs[kD3B"3,3y *;o~v;j= %dlU7+ҹ]4N:^6x |>`Kjccސ=*uvbI;Ƥ*|_Mg [ъr~ux'zs؛\k=v O֛u<8델yA|%w(C{Ck^&:ɬmu]n_\%G`l'^WR7 Gþ 1 [,鮝ݢWw 1VMzA i=]O6xܩuv@6G_ Q.].scu@1>[P5ycbWɄ̌eCft]_VeqR}NzW\]Qَ.t "m<i||6_P>"/|R1 Hi]=aKnR^ Vt LZ'wH|?o?q?gmet5RkWN-~C9Ҕ%?@ʶ _( Zxo|y>u?i9nY{dwVFFtۄ>he3S^+Β*l>Ͽ!{N=!l[Ϛ+ѵbywS繟H +㿽9D2{ꊳD9Ɠ=$f]L,S5K_Xos~^%MC9r82к_o4%_:w{"8.8[ ^Ut4 w1^O);ڔ}owxTim/mq_wAl (|eCP%l-%3uH1WI#U+vx^+_HɳMI`_qE{ȳeG4dGP=m¡i=_H2YK*sZm8*_j^Q+~9qRui(6d=^`~֟ ТӁgܤlrCwYGk>p:N'+GG,b)Z#ٿa=>~{Φ9|3''MZ8N0croօu1C ~l)uA8EUxXya5~]sj 5ər7JWS6aڪyH+lI5 yyCz&Zp|hʣ_U~Ng)])Ush;O_ݪwA3_3MM>>M8=awYSh'6 nxu/HH׶M ?iBBx`\0_PׄhTyϩ.F=Sae{8);[?*͵xWM3Կ/Z[W#,o[B1@o@vчldzL?3=!42Q}_s_'3*Ѧ?Mw8ڠx=ੋrs`N *ˮq_s/^@O|ySw^z!rBKOy {^zp^JVoJA҅o|=qLˇ"B-˄[>,`+Uazڙa {MQy#q F-sZɧdzj)Έ_)8V6| =r mOS^'i<8@(=s;氵(Ӝ|Ի(Ff\eAǟ R>\2q>]2cּxAG.8Ӣo "}g(v=}m |*{g6W:ݩ2%ZGlhNַ6,}yJڅ^Z"8\?;ZDŽM㤵ZZWC])WwK_mh$Y;pCbO ޛ[p'Nu[];n۶4 j4\u5g! YU__yjEM(b*xZSNhyb޿jv1?N@ȞXcILS+E8Z!yqpU娏r3>:MK&a=7GC||9%K&/`psMMX5opא|VW'W }B.?!^^*gW}y3yOU¼RO TOX~V+[p'C ]!4r !ybP!Жy%HQ"M` ISmfLM0C`{cgb{/r+2b7MD_zgN mVK68OgE}n6ݫSOvϺ[_йC(ua_tL=7s53oAYoBc]q ugv55v#4Ag.R^:}+%;ƽ 9%7>ggSzYޑ!3),cV'+q ms4cР38tir=Ó44 c\gٖ<;q|:eCb~k-Bҹ9?OnOGiƪ<,O͟E1z` {I;D٢i;c+v=0n:tK]/tcq]Ac[Pƴ|<'zEe!myA->]-}в̏2g zlÓ}؟1 _nOc%H+BVgo&L+sV~ɀt'1ߥdg<h0m(сyBq0z@ۋr}G= ~m{M>.~Q:(W5t(/{kƫeF^ˊv@c:4,i?i;|eڄ2%{|@T!ht6kê'iװ< E.W4mUWs7Z1}qR[{xt zbN >9!<ʚٵ'4!GgBS\'~3l}?Y/yg )VٷSyi lzٕ1'ٜgHG[Rf!(dJw7#ٚҽ%y_ w ltum)bc:ʘ<i3/sOh:읂<]&uCk1-8u"#ev^{Mk]u|dށb^aNEo*Uf+ݻSJZ'7ָHޑJ=qY6溧ͤi?c@i :9zy}2]3nI\&˼8!why3%6;v XStq\f}4nI!ߔ<@Dm1} rۏЃ֡uR xӢ/#!>=vgıyt9-8萓N(\/qȧ$GИ/x=ظ1_cþU6f;k\.v9VS63|f|Y8?ַW"/wN`/<'w/-\/4z@G}'A s^zw¾okY.s<[N<9 h ֠a_=3uzOGݣbEb3GxֿӅ>H[$ 쀾e^iG3<xlEY<\`{I#|Y<4@nSqYk60U/c)]&iE_2ʲJX{f$ ѩVg!عf܀%Z 'H3ۨXb48ѩ1 ׋uB~~ :άKʁm$UD\Ľ'IrmKx/xhrZ߼c,2xB C e`ȃq]zG nD&.-A,,058  êà÷åñòâå èññëåäóåìîé ñðåäû èñïîëüçîâàëàñü õèìè÷åñêè ÷èñòàÿ äèñòèëëèðî- âàííàÿ âîäà ñ òåìïåðàòóðîé 20°Ñ. Çà îöåíêó èñòèííîãî çíà÷åíèÿ ñêîðîñòè çâóêà ïðèíèìàëàñü òàáëè÷íàÿ âåëè÷èíà Ñ=ñ(20°Ñ)=1482,34 [5]. Äàííûå (1) îò ÈÑÇ ïîñòóïàþò ÷åðåç ÈÎÏ â ïàìÿòü ÏÊ, ãäå âû÷èñëÿåòñÿ îöåíêà ñêîðîñòè çâóêà ïî àëãîðèòìó (11).  õîäå ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûõ èññëåäîâà- íèé îöåíèâàëàñü ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ÐÔÊ (11) ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì õàðàêòåðèñòèêè   J с С с n n n   ( ) ( ) 20 2 o , (12) ãäå c(n/n) - îöåíêà ñêîðîñòè çâóêà, ïîëó÷åííàÿ ïî n ïîêàçàíèÿì ÈÑÇ. Çíà÷åíèÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè (12) ïðèâåäåíû â òàáëèöå, èç êîòîðîé âèäíî, ÷òî ñ ðîñòîì ÷èñëà èçìåðåíèé (1) àëãîðèòì (11) äàåò âñå áîëåå òî÷íóþ îöåíêó ñêîðîñòè çâóêà: n 20 40 60 80 J n 0,767 0,674 0,396 0,396 Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ïîëó÷åííûå ðåçóëüòàòû ïîçâîëÿþò ñäåëàòü âûâîä î òîì, ÷òî àëãîðèòì (11) îáåñïå÷èâàåò ðîáàñòíîé (óñòîé÷èâîé) îöåíêå ñêîðîñòè çâóêà ñâîé- ñòâî èíâàðèàíòíîñòè, ò.å. òàêîå ñîñòîÿíèå, ïðè êîòîðîì ñõîäèìîñòü õàðàêòåðèñ- òèêè (12) íå çàâèñèò îò ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõ ñâîéñòâ ïîìåõè, äåéñòâóþùåé â êàíàëå ÈÑÇ. Ñïèñîê ëèòåðàòóðû: 1. Äîöåíêî Ñ. Â. Òåîðåòè÷åñêèå îñíîâû èçìåðåíèÿ ôèçè÷åñêèõ ïîëåé îêåàíà. Ë.: Ãèäðîìåòåîèçäàò, 1974. 152 ñ. 2. Ïîëîíñêèé À. Ä. Ïîâûøåíèå áûñòðîäåéñòâèÿ ðåöèðêóëÿöèîííîãî èçìåðèòåëÿ ñêîðîñòè çâóêà // Ïðèáîðû è ñèñòåìû. Óïðàâëåíèå, êîíòðîëü, äèàãíîñòèêà. 2000, ¹2. Ñ. 66–67. 3. Ïîëîíñêèé À. Ä. Ñèíòåç àëãîðèòìà îöåíêè èçìåðåíèé ñêîðîñòè çâóêà // Ðóê. äåï. â ÍÈÈÒÝÕÈÌ, 1995. ¹ 31. 18 ñ. 4. Ïîëîíñêèé À. Ä. Îá èíâàðèàíòíîé àëãåáðå ðàíãîâûõ ïðåäèêàòîâ // Ïðîáëåìû áèîíèêè. 2000. ¹52. Ñ. 83 - 88. 5. Ñåðàâèí Ã. Í. Èçìåðåíèå ñêîðîñòè çâóêà â îêåàíå. Ë. : Ãèäðîìåòåîèçäàò, 1979. 134 ñ. Ïîñòóïèëà â ðåäêîëëåãèþ 24.07.2001 Ïîëîíñêèé Àëåêñàíäð Äìèòðèåâè÷ , êàíä. òåõí. íàóê, äîöåíò Ñóìñêîãî ãîñóäàð- ñòâåííîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà. Íàó÷íûå èíòåðåñû: èíâàðèàíòíûå ñèñòåìû. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, 40007, Ñóìû, óë. Ðèìñêîãî-Êîðñàêîâà, 2, òåë. 277-975. ÓÄÊ 615.47:796 Î.Í. ÔÎÌÅÍÊÎ, Â.Ä. ËÈÏÀÍÎÂ, Â.À. ßÐÓÒÀ ÄÎÇÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ È ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜ ÝÔÔÅÊÒÈÂÍÎÑÒÈ ÖÂÅÒÎÒÅÐÀÏÈÈ Ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ âîïðîñû äîçèðîâàíèÿ ñâåòîâîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ, âûáîðà åãî ïàðàìåòðîâ è îöåíêè ýôôåêòèâíîñòè öâåòîòåðàïèè. Ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ ñ ïîìîùüþ óíèâåðñàëüíîãî óñòðîéñòâà äëÿ ìèêðîêîìïüþòåðíîé áèîòåõíè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû îñóùåñòâëÿòü äîçèðóåìîå âîçäåéñòâèå íà áèîëîãè÷åñêè àêòèâíûå òî÷êè (ÁÀÒ) è ïðîâîäèòü êîíòðîëü ðåçóëüòàòîâ öâåòîòåðàïèè ïóò¸ì èçìåðåíèÿ àñèììåòðèè ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ ÁÀÒ, íà êîòîðûå îêàçûâàåòñÿ âîçäåéñòâèå. Äàåòñÿ îöåíêà âåëè- ÷èíû ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ ýëåêòðè÷åñêîãî òîêà ïðè èçìåðåíèè àñèì- ìåòðèè ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ ÁÀÒ.  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ â ïðîöåññå áóðíîãî ðàçâèòèÿ ñâåòîòåðàïèè íàðÿäó ñ åñòåñòâåííûì èñòî÷íèêîì ñâåòà èñïîëüçóþòñÿ ðàçëè÷íîãî ðîäà èñêóññòâåííûå: ëàçåðû, êâàðöåâûå ëàìïû, ëàìïû íàêàëèâàíèÿ, ñâåòîäèîäû è äð. Àíàëèç íàó÷- íûõ ïóáëèêàöèé ïî äàííîìó âîïðîñó (ìàòåðèàëû æóðíàëà ‘ Ôîòîáèîëîãèÿ è ôîòîìåäèöèíà ’ çà 1998 – 2001ãã.) ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî îñíîâíîå âíèìàíèå óäåëÿåòñÿ ðàçëè÷íûì ìåäèêî-ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêèì ýôôåêòàì, âûçâàííûì âîçäåéñòâèåì íà ÷åëîâåêà èñòî÷íèêîâ ñâåòà â äèàïàçîíàõ äëèí âîëí: 0,8 - 0,89 ìêì (èíôðàêðàñíàÿ 'xLUeǟ.pAn\Q C*3ɬY1;]Mif6[VB]3[R551kn8ȖmiͰ0u+>pz뵚sy}}9/0PD"jCd:y7~ȫ붇2&lzl4jgj5rQ}C;3/#Vhșb%ň2E8ɔ<4LH<|J{,be}}CQ 8qK}f6;F9OFPy狗G|צkUfKmdnT1?#BdaIg{1"tXPHYOfd5-6vw>oCTc_GsDg +l7e[bˡ?G0֭j_z˗8˒;пV8C5N19ecod(mw0}09ǪEQ8_\]1}1si?! vXm \fM~F:~H2b5KyֈM 6y-p,q"qrcxnNԀ^d)>33_{*V8DZ)u%k/7=8{2 ՘a~?lrJ +a^ vrԣ2ԇ:SQa=ujkfr#5%EHa >Eh2yWKy.@4A Tƒ>HvcG\pޮ;̻] "u,ĝDFN߇.,lǾpf%(ȃR#Q>ABv |z}&F LوMųL#Jc@EyĿ}5:roUbO'~zAs e,Qt. S5e/C.t#+sl-- SGb;! ~rȡH1:^s|,[7i 28;`.$Û1NhD6x~&\މf][΄׉ۉn%I~H&HކAr-06t>w9&;ʩ]_2%wlw k5:FWa;@kc࿍=܌sJ{Ar[}qv;r(}<;Xa%m|_gϠ]n*v_?[ȚzVNCYG!F ӹRH (z>s 2Z Or7ܹaw*nM/?z.OGN|M@,E_*qxe0$ t=١~f8Ceƺœ[Y~ҏT::|z

@S3tpy?w]r0;՛7??m|_m{lu4_| PepaMþsJW_O?}g|,Nqr˝ |gTzWau(Iϛލ6 gzo?rpk˵ͦo}+}V|4品#;ק4 ?Uik5fLǟWݧ_O g/^1 K}_dAQ_Jfe7_;sxWŇw o^)'Th {=wo}|J}s7}}߼#7__r~߼})EI߱U'4|&7W_.=;81|gX GKaW~pJw px9XG ~ YwWP՟;ʻx_6p+_ҁ;P=÷TOIΟգshC:>)4<Ϙ$p3#GZ+i<%|><\=9"~]8/dWgK-^}Oafľq,2"><\U3z^T%'b/_|Gy[A'э5HoЀ) oɋLtヷPg9K?)O'g=|LI[X"Ot?^j1__ `㛅sh8@ qϰ]1V1.cmDemVG_PĪ)V̱l$2=2R49i^dk'ТS&:8~pQ&oMe0i+ŁQ.d{>ʫ&`-zq޲ŞzVm7X.;72<|pe~7d.NDh+?/[Z;-dF`Gvm>/m p`j 8<=1'4C3>R|_ƆgXK_4pџz^v@pZx)FKxe9i \lN~ߙU ^,򪮉{ Rq.ᳯ}UJN`jl3Dfo"k?`E^X˲"nkv KTZ>G: yG_.M}.&+ yxȐ)3]e<G i#ti'}!mg O/؎- >ov] u"E'VwWj4/;u3/xF6^t!;0zPN=vJxt%UU7rȔ%ggsWO8vwnF.{ 7Ŋeyɮ^>;^gZ4pgդv9^Wz1&IɘmƘ|j7z{^׷X/'4ep~Y R?W?8t^d?o?`WϢµ4EZm* q4򓉳IWΔѣz]Ş[oȈI+?.ĂObz&}UGr0ySydjN oW_4n\ N͍/ =9eî^#c.vD2G~s/-yxS7OK;=O&krRSOյiO>OwOt>agcIߞ_0pˌi瑃^7%{Kfd(k#!O.E.zķ<6}x$D |A(ڝONҳn[?ڭ1{5?a9F4"CvV(;mhioYE<<9d}9O7:uDp,gJ[*!<6cx)vG9 </>_l~^8-TJ[:'v3`['LOw̽}vk}@lwva`y9-[%{x[tGot95 ]t <i?XNnbFlo*G> 4|xG9S7c׋g_4fw|orF;d"t]΋ dٓ$; kN;Epti&.L#D*]Ihz /6?pߛ;]1lhn[{,V|c}e^s3tml0F=eS+D]/#m kK=#}Ii/i'Ev?'d¦ӏ]#^ŷRo7iuJy)1/nzyP4Ύŗ{vButq1fLOUX[*sOO*?md~9~pK~h(#'VrFg:?y׾,;Ϗf9@mηU7K<۶JynOLML#޽Wdd|!xc{x6G8i.rWoߙs''`o󎟨1HmV|q :=j(8o x-={+эx_|¸F %;{5m/?ml+-`Wl=w˥um[$7Ocb؞S;%1Xr/)BxFz$fu >᥯+|_U= ؋/H?%E~dEnN+eh=UӇsl]dn5۩8pw~'گJMo'b4t9k6т_U+ሼ{zӳ6o{?Ngd}ǤPuҿ_1܌|o8[{t7zIs=ߡg09}ۊ=CRO;_0Kb9Wsv{Vٜ/q([XQ]nrZ}z$NN!?2frje𮟽`"㶇|Sbk +E'pग़'s.9싖A.Ѫ \;؇׏3߫&\$|9vk7T#7MNؾV6ȯմzϙpMiεH g'>f}.ʛ1OVIE^{BїJrt{Ї?t .9[ULG;_}?{+şГ)O_GtRV>۲yCg_o:V߄[ߖ~GgL`lhLP8isoޝ쿋cL7?5pQ8'4'VllR̿la3YE/>PyO cN̽;ԸoԳ~;(Cy5ruc\;L>3Aώh=ERr傢yVzCl x~too>/P'9z wn~Gv5I>+gјOw?Tt[Mη]r3`{Ȧ]z]zwDnkp{`EcUMí=-=yj +u/w}~f:d~'Z\9w/T~]+*m_Rrv5~j :;M*}e ȯy򫯼FgWA'jFc#f㳷e^`:{|hz' +| z4=cJ^}9u|xw?t[g|옺u"5fOưvn]Tecj[)#wf,12oL^luXWɶxg|YE ~N_^_wqxz+SSnOuZ|//=ڵdzqxc! nͳs5tQvu\'[֡w}M]Um~wMGh>Z19M>>m=G>`O&õ@;*^~lYCtsF%Mg2#_쪢]$Ɨk {O{[LǾ=26YvHrwwaB~yO l\Otx) ~H,0~pNŒ uP*s (|po5[JX4^NxNIDWIY?pщ2=\^;Y橥?-}]ZKxB9y^"񕍟|jg;e󕾑NFRпzRKˇ~ߏ=cg9g,8g,qܪ;c"5!_~Zo@[etP1rˏ}o>4Q_kS6=ˉ>g6},`՜wސ1McZn\^&$.Ӷ~\Cav3_l)9;+q1Z>\@k/ow-?w|<ԻGw:y#syIj,ZŜu{YDŽZMC##Ol=SqG_u ɜỈ]&w,.:执Ʈecnrxd5NŹw8w;ǢSmW;'cW|//Ůdz aڇ3v(Oq=Cן긞d:tJɻ;XmI{qMG>g9qiaW.B,={sjw=<:br̿LwYg>[Znf>Z=}D޻koە{ lgOz +Qw  `2)˾#CK&rcm sR4iy ãK<総؛/.[*x|`R|ŝ/pF^~̷GA/yxCz15i7g\䶢S9z(>ӗ; ߅CBi7<@~/RFo\kٕN3 >X|<Œ,,59 îáëàñòü; êàê ïðàâèëî, ïîëóïðîâîäíèêîâûå ëàçåðû); 0,63 - 0,67 ìêì (îðàíæåâî - êðàñíàÿ îáëàñòü, êàê ïðàâèëî He-Ne ëàçåð); 0,254 - 0,337 ìêì (óëüòðàôèîëåòîâàÿ îáëàñòü, êâàðöåâûå ëàìïû), òîãäà êàê âîçäåéñòâèå ñâåòà äðóãèõ ÷àñòîòíûõ äèàïàçîíîâ îñòà¸òñÿ ìàëîèçó÷åííûì. Ïîýòîìó, õîòÿ èçâåñòíà òêàíåâàÿ ñïåöè- ôè÷íîñòü ñâåòà ðàçëè÷íûõ äëèí âîëí [1, 2], ýòî åãî ñâîéñòâî äîñòàòî÷íî íå ïîäòâåðæäåíî è íå íàøëî øèðîêîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ â êëèíèêå. Òàêîå ïîëîæåíèå äåë ÷àñòè÷íî îáúÿñíÿåòñÿ îãðàíè÷åííûìè âîçìîæíîñòÿìè ðàñïðîñòðàí¸ííîé íà äàí- íûé ìîìåíò àïïàðàòóðû äëÿ ñâåòîëå÷åíèÿ [3, 4]. Îäíàêî, ïîñêîëüêó ñâåò ðàçëè÷- íûõ äëèí âîëí îêàçûâàåò ðàçíîå ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêîå âîçäåéñòâèå íà îðãàíèçì, ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ ïåðñïåêòèâíîé ðàçðàáîòêà àïïàðàòóðû äëÿ öâåòîòåðàïèè. Èçâåñòíî, ÷òî ýôôåêòèâíîñòü âîçäåéñòâèÿ ñâåòà íà îðãàíèçì íàïðÿìóþ çàâè- ñèò îò äîçû îáëó÷åíèÿ è íîñèò ýêñòðåìàëüíûé õàðàêòåð [4, 5]. Ïðè ýòîì ñëåäóåò âûäåëèòü êàê ìèíèìóì òðè âàðèàíòà: ïðè ìàëîé äîçå ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ðåàêöèÿ îðãàíèçìà îòñóòñòâóåò; â îïðåäåë¸ííîì èíòåðâàëå äîç ñâåò îêàçûâàåò ñòèìóëè- ðóþùåå âîçäåéñòâèå íà îðãàíèçì, âíóòðè ýòîãî äèàïàçîíà èìååòñÿ òî÷êà ìàêñè- ìóìà ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêîé ðåàêöèè îðãàíèçìà íà âîçäåéñòâèå (òàê íàçûâàåìàÿ îïòèìàëüíàÿ òåðàïåâòè÷åñêàÿ äîçà (ÎÒÄ)); íàêîíåö, ïðè âûñîêèõ äîçàõ ïðîÿâëÿ- åòñÿ áèîäåñòðóêòèâíîå äåéñòâèå ñâåòà.  ñîâðåìåííîé òåðàïèè ïðèìåíÿþòñÿ àïïàðàòû ñ âûõîäíîé ìîùíîñòüþ îò 0,6 ìÂò äî 7 Âò, êîòîðûå èñïîëüçóþòñÿ äëÿ âîçäåéñòâèÿ â òå÷åíèå ñåàíñà îò 15 ñåêóíä äî 60 ìèíóò ïðè äëèòåëüíîñòè êóðñà ëå÷åíèÿ ïîðÿäêà 10 äíåé. Îäíàêî, íåñìîòðÿ íà íàëè÷èå îòäåëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, íàïðàâëåííûõ íà ïîèñê ÎÒÄ, â öåëîì ýòîò âîïðîñ îñòà¸òñÿ íåðåø¸ííûì. Ïðè ýòîì ïîëîæåíèå îñëîæíÿåòñÿ òåì, ÷òî ìåäèêîôèçèîëîãè÷åñêîå âëèÿíèå ñâåòà íà îðãàíèçì ñèëüíî çàâèñèò îò åãî èñõîäíîãî ôóíêöèîíàëüíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ. Íåðåø¸í- íûì îñòà¸òñÿ òàêæå âîïðîñ î ðåàêöèè æèâûõ òêàíåé íà ñâåò, ìîäóëèðîâàííûé ðàçëè÷íûì îáðàçîì ïðè îäíîé è òîé æå ñóììàðíîé äîçå îáëó÷åíèÿ. Òàê, õîòÿ èçâåñòíî, ÷òî æèâûå òêàíè ñèëüíåå ðåàãèðóþò íà èìïóëüñíîå âîçäåéñòâèå ñâåòà, ÷åì íà íåïðåðûâíîå [6], íå èçâåñòíà èõ ðåàêöèÿ íà ñâåò, ïðîìîäóëèðîâàííûé äðóãèìè ñïîñîáàìè.  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêè âûäåëÿþò ñëåäóþùèå ñïîñîáû âîçäåéñòâèÿ ñâåòîì íà ÷åëîâåêà: ëîêàëüíîå, âíóòðè- è íàäñîñóäèñòîå îáëó÷åíèå, âîçäåéñòâèå íà ÁÀÒ (ñâåòîïóíêòóðà).  ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ [6] íàèáîëåå îùóòèìûé ìåäèêî-ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêèé ýôôåêò íàáëþäàåòñÿ âñëåäñòâèå ôîòîñòè- ìóëÿöèè ÁÀÒ ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ äðóãèìè ñïîñîáàìè îáëó÷åíèÿ. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, àêòóàëüíîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ çàäà÷à äîçèðîâàíèÿ âîçäåéñòâèÿ, âûáîðà åãî ïàðàìåòðîâ è îöåíêà ýôôåêòèâíîñòè öâåòîïóíêòóðû. Íàèëó÷øèì îáðàçîì îíà ðåøàåòñÿ ïðè ïîìîùè êîìïüþòåðíîé áèîòåõíè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû, îáúåäèíÿþùåé â åäèíîì êîíòó- ðå óïðàâëåíèÿ ñðåäñòâà âîçäåéñòâèÿ íà îðãàíèçì, ñðåäñòâà óïðàâëåíèÿ ýòèì âîçäåéñòâèåì è ñðåäñòâà îöåíêè ôóíêöèîíàëüíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ îðãàíèçìà. Ïîä äîçîé îáëó÷åíèÿ ñëåäóåò ïîíèìàòü êîëè÷åñòâî ñâåòîâîé ýíåðãèè, ïîäâå- äåííîé ê æèâîé òêàíè. Ÿ ìîæíî âûðàçèòü ÷åðåç ýíåðãåòè÷åñêóþ ýêñïîçèöèþ Í(t). Òîãäà ïðè ðàâíîìåðíîì ðàñïðåäåëåíèè ñâåòîâîãî ïîòîêà ïî îáëó÷àåìîé ïîâåðõíîñòè S è èçâåñòíîé ìîùíîñòè ñâåòîâîãî ïîòîêà P(t), ïîäâîäèìîãî ê íåé â òå÷åíèå âðåìåíè t , êîòîðàÿ èçìåðÿåòñÿ ñòàíäàðòíûìè ìåòîäàìè, èìååì   t 0 dt ) t ( P S 1 ) t ( H . Îäíàêî áèîëîãè÷åñêè àêòèâíûì ÿâëÿåòñÿ òîëüêî èçëó÷åíèå, êîòîðîå ïîãëîùå- íî. Êîëè÷åñòâî ïîãëîù¸ííîé ýíåðãèè ñâÿçàíî ñ êîëè÷åñòâîì ïîäâåäåííîé ñâåòî- âîé ýíåðãèè êîýôôèöèåíòîì ïîãëîùåíèÿ  . Òîãäà äîçà ïîãëîù¸ííîé ñâåòîâîé ýíåðãèè D ñîñòàâèò    t 0 dt ) t ( P S ) t ( D .  êà÷åñòâå èñòî÷íèêîâ ñâåòà äëÿ öâåòîïóíêòóðû ïî ñâîèì òåõíèêî-ýêîíîìè- ÷åñêèì ïîêàçàòåëÿì õîðîøî ïîäõîäÿò ïîëóïðîâîäíèêîâûå ñâåòîäèîäû. Îñíîâíîé g.xLUeǟP\dsBf J#MlZ6%՜p!NcZiZΥ+L2-vI}=vCڹy~(FĘ$"C< "ex*FWTjHw=Xv͂{%V;+3{G?gGÑq]*)97Z|+I+wˍ@Ll9HրK. Cd;ˌ$ z;X2%Ab=HcL9ڱ!Oig0TT`>ʗ#7P nsx\-͞4f7Sc 0a>Fvrɑ-S~yM؄^ڿď7\iD{_ _{H$'Z&cs+?!."8ֹ\ڵE #v"W .@']6FA;r$ %p>Ҟ&uuM&Up1g% hg"ϭ)C5]/7RP'M=/^r=&ѮY +G:F{Zg /?_p9Gɡzxnu߆yR q3؛ |mq`'й 5졦';ȩ*KyϜЪ#΅Nv>0_eB O{ly)1cj#OnGG?3A;H=uqzgo߀W3!2x; q~OK`/}L}Mz1-o%Ckr:Qs?97•m5 ߖVP=_n7;[˻p .ÿ|-=+Yf뀾F+;EnGk8 k\ /.l.XQ.^-o%=!߾6H<>{|[#0|70itJ_B|etgynFsax/dpIƖwPN;.3;*dl@X,1@i~EgG#{cjȿ^i*X(PKguxVK_)CWmY 9"g=SJ+t?̳~C3"FYr<+|KZV Ib]OcW0x6RNwM)Dݼ ]pu5ȺںS/亂D ·^D|𒬛w鍊oOOG7M'Kn^xuvG7M:݄ߖU̓WusX܋GM>& V7SPz&5iXn[z:mQh(RhH OғE]i7xCi'8Ҏ2$ȐpLsʱH߬Ԇrl*픿3cNy§K #tt^ `v99?iOzC˙q|xCNz4H ?c,|!{`6IQ -%oK!F\,w(7ZP7t|:I6=HL%]C+*|3'|P)xj<|0fV#lgݱ,-3|;.u2>>kzQ54' v98:1 t-_GĐVMmIFC6ɥ! !edHvR*uf`!ItwzIk4jg9^T]tH*zDZRcyH_Zv2>pӁ;<<5>4#N_;zQ5Gxnv^n@CzgZփ+8BB⃍@e*("'Z)F] vv)GdTƂ^w(:g<8T2}|w!b< QΤ7g{8a٘.2't\>xС^8y9oKX)>|^a Y;EAN(텢o74?-FNj9JG)ۼ~}%"XGf#zgx:9`|谔ާղκpUJ#ʸa]C! @Lix~BrMZ?* kc{Fy"͸d0}[זuSKZ̽4ך=`4/}h,4^;{a k7K;c= #Xj}{_?lV}vϺ~\5/~~MW}3rxa:w.4|3Kof^I+tY(~WWhCZu }ES|J&I9kd:55O߷6hy~#'u$j~ ϓ+fX8צ g-q[P*~GUcw ^y@k>hP?'<+nz/6}zkIbsڜkNG?z4?ϔ|~[?U&*ֿn@Km[p3O:r(9>$>]6y(ŻUtaJ XS\|dzR%rk9RudMK$MœHҼ\i['7Zv؞^m:g{S[ΗO]o" 9ME\^h(G9Sܐ1%^IB~jGS.;k?/AL~}g3rg7Wa/kKn]+_L ˈ䕾Lom#ݤA@qR F^ح2fyW_c y]y̼K>xyw=_xƣ3̑ahͻ`\*:Gx0 peDϒ봯2W~ <6P^)jKS.)4;T׏f]uyde,̃)ɜ-woxT0 cMhױ}3wx'`>@W>8;Bxo[&qh#:οD#7h+XSZ#\8O*ӋNI |Yku-uC NSAq8aODsyPɼ`q7j8x> ,c<9lyr>0y|և'c=#=t!X~H[ myu-J-7LҶqa[N}gF^%]Z#G\˶\?꽭cagɶL1MŻ< 3ii=nmId[o-G Cm[zaRgUZG37T\7]0"6s%s8|Jy|h~ƙ8lomI6sJ>kCSiԼSއ_-/j-d㰈[K'NXE=]GyE {٦ q6qL|Bﲁ;/a#4o:m ƅ:0$HߓA F:PA_YXT`åwin:d=VaĶs<~`:+ujlr91*B՝+?W1WACO"_6lNB6ɰ1's?e"lLb߽młko[yXHsE:|߲Miy{^S\_I<_xƙK0Eqbn^ {fIcn^(@S.Mܮٷ osާ-I v[巤y>gk[7s<c;0/ap&"0yH\?K0!`L-{c\` _K߷—;OF_C!|FM lf*E?<1_ 'qۿNBe`č0q]ix\|U,|[\.Mr."w? }Pi% \RsC~b;>u[UgY/aΧ#G>{ }oig+mhp-c}J7J7t;y,ˊ8kMc}M<'ҡ9|">h6Ò9rGЉtMu:Ґ>ǂ|cnpMade0(tk4oN4~G`mkdYV ^/#\ %<XCpq1Lz9 |]_7~ i>EyRo*~ta` V'Aۉir$'-<߽]--[Ѕ<"Ql_^3:Qy8a `q>r߲N7X6z.Ri&i':Ycq\YثމͰ_D)"<[>@,nf͙}o`{Oy :r 0pUQƃǚNf9,d:ߺ4|àa\s]0;8`;y3A@vG[rK$C,BpGo.,|#{q½BХf[@s ҹm5͟3 #d|9+ tގǼrHe!/`KeEْn:i<_\e@ާOv_H/ 'Ui,'Q}Yf1^Wᓆ׼϶p] =#nfY/Qzh~"5'X%}fxWt{*ylcb C!ߢyX oT*oo69X-q+!vnZ _ph18:Eޒi>iK>7 -e^#nA9Y|8ne>s*e">Jv`o^oTXyIjȈq yķxzFu֗vow :ey?1.hW>]C]P`'ս Siˡe? r~Ϡ=á3od 獖M9yKqyp[FRBogW>{gηԁAR5=8ܙ {>}u'qp= x̛jv%Dg3r`ղew} =xlFTxqrAЇ.thtMϥ؍̗ķOMO?WeCaدjS/yWmvz{;Ϫ;T|t{;ErusްҖ}E[O?nW(W5%ݠv4<ѯœ1M{+ru"D˨]2A9o2eD7??=ӯ{p|&z@2f<<e|ߓwkxU}{|w=5;37qqzlGqM=()̧?ru>%9o@.>?7lC0<]H0Fͺe{{VSSfÆgnÑ0u]ީ~ZmU  YApşrus9X?sI|ޅ'n'i3wh#Xއtɘ's ;oHwMCջԗ$}n]o]/#> u[:㢮mrՕD[״7ծ_/ 3V9qAXRaV'hw;ֻROc _ZiqLuƔ?z:.X^JF0593WnlؗϽuڎ~_ySh5wRsf_:]'/۰zgM k;W5;aW3z8}S+}7 c{vKh+|&`G9U0Tff[NS&|IŻ|yR+)Vn-*ex󳱰M7g){9R2;k~,ԸV|3xnx$YcJނh|2l;URWU7TWWIKQ(>_9vxxWG/[hXJ&wnzAٷxL7E%UyKHOW0Ac[([տ{!_C|u,!# ٹkƧj vy<+=4K>kuRn3g\+x'G_[]~][8/һFѦvVrK|7ߓ&]n>Ar$^4xR]G ko{듞> [~LOKw=@*VW3"T6-삇>wH.P}4C1p.Mz}Z7v٬FS_Ao*>B9l#\ 11뗸/cr8/7gOj{R?, HA0dPǻ˕]}Y(pe=ѡ,(K^mY+֐']tBO׽m"xG| ýWs`S>%@~YnO? +#})Վ&|Q|'מԝ8{,y'O^v@[sܳ?^|Cp@ct^ӏq.Ϛ~2eD~OrۅI^j}qfmxgii{l鉲]<_xLx^a܅s.Ju%y3 +$`#o4R;_S69+@ R]` ;;OGU.w2lW=x{Ʉ nnۋ9"/ռ̡! =x~u^f\;?qt,vDSjȧ~DݱqxwBD_Sev` V'A?w7-Ɍx3<OKfguSv17$OhDޝ_Hov*kg~c9OzC zMusy x.vOyLΌg\9z>CMuҸyq]oԄ|kݩjA|xYϘ|ImNvCL"9|;?8pxe%H3_yO:􀑏7i6Lwr&cy]u}y't31\=ُ>ϊV1[АhoQ8g0uS:r$[!2"I"E l1gNs̈[} 4O+c-È ryC0z18y#tL<'#gdO_A­{3umvR$tjz|+ %Ty=4Cxiy a cǙ&i 9g"9pC:>eqcˣ_=J:״Ne,$ӵvS iS'Ƹk.!%% s}_^gھo=ଙ2?h dK n ^y̲,/N̪43-0i9>rY\/Xfċ6}la}R>Akr,՚z IvZJgFZomq$')'zb1o00_3-_ w`>qxi۾߁'ids>4 wmPu"fZ3n?—;AscDqq;mu:_:ߓm =y]h l,q@~ؾˈM-dg 88yIa\Mò' =zR:{psF^V5'Џs>Alw*k>lf+?9~x8ˇ=tOok3M|i'#@4K8փA>ƄVCyD#sƀ7ӄv ٳGgێ7*)vjywL~މ 0'|]ق<i}o!7~'Ѓurig}p:pzw{%bW>4HF>`:^=w ـm[>MN4S(9#}~A&]>NWg0vu^=?=i'^wzzܲϹ{!C7{V6|j?/^KCW'mc7?z<U" 2|ӹ1=g_{f e;{tvYnuz|o>e#NwxYVI78*:]Iel ``'ʩZPfLP 4Yp J젭,* rfqQԒ_C6Ґuz>{za7ȍ;YTf@׌z%VkEEϲ^E}Rl4t3]$'1š~6xɁg˴#5h2{u{d1 Kk+'hKWyVž+ giWyS_{1r?% @ۏlp\6Ü16F_r,\Ԟ q;nU1ǃ=us}y@s>Y`ٿc_d4ΜM#:v m*i\pO$OFDuتFp&ּ"ȓkk`+6䊞;U+](*[8}#q|3CcWsίߛ >4bSH"vf" x>g4z//Vu ZvCyh(] ;<= QۈRqm'bU>FwMz1&Hb| K%V_t?=MbK+!iD\@B3`xj#-oC݄v~RJc|-nq^ %dds&pvllWLڊt\FOE |H[jzn?jCG^2m|r d`'"st0axkn O߃{ h7 ( cD|g,s=΅6QF2oK\69yڂiz{Eq 1k&] g"o61yĎB[݀\.y`؄hχ,А<,]q`rt=<+@ jXg@9^7k>L ^ԔAlLh'G <; -NI Ͼp3xz?ަwLkcg{Uz8*V:s_]zWuT_sQ|VlU9k&뿧t\\\\\\\\\\\ ۹ Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:44  >e9 o+.e6e(16ƒ2/2De1Kv|B{ ]x E@DI_pn@`D% jX9E%]o@TdcQQ!@!$HTңEUWW]2`y+|rG3m xk0[˼c1ݕsSۉnkx9ҜmN3gA)'l#Y2BmK@7h֒zK)Jя (}I@R'>S'㚭l&窆=?Np؊L1߼L ) J }dQ"&N 4i~XV0RE2m4,!2g 3fx9 U?`:ͷ=b`u1Ͷ+VOKOMx|̦ L|:[3Ϝ{ifIfyF\m]ȩtҼVTn3pf1R[r(HY:5&F$m[y',dkpF+/SgE⚱IDU3_Ɗv'pH#q2X)dxIq;91l)[)=.Q/\u?"6ݞ*0|ƼWʅ|V> ɢHhye~"(ͼOP>9ڜ''Kwyd>g\ ߗUd٘,nlkZQkG ,Yts$Wd^y3^yǝl39j^܋.xiϝ"ϛ>gb8|g|o L6VL/^Xv$3 u6&yUg2ujNOPsc/>#%>jlۥj~t +S e-Z`L 3yVQU>u=WIN],o?yr ML  ]x <99\'fc팹9(ttgR|>W#7}&]$ (Tf̘1f2cǎ5kYgu̸qͺk[o= &Ef 60'N4nh̤Iɓ͔)Sol6d馛6lf-0[ny_l^򒗘ʼ/5fԩfڴif뭷6/{6lcv[3}t3c vۙfw4;y??3g]v/mncxs=^{e{oW>Uzy_mf͚ew_~p4ykAd>`s!׾C5g6v9Ga sEO~SO|31_|Kg?Ys/| _0_͗%/|+_1^zWj7ioo.3_~wc ~+UW]e1W_}o\{?я~d~'?~f~뮻\n0/̍7h~__W׿馛o~s75roknVsmoq;4{?4g.?6_wm׿o{1CCC{5-2wYx<`|AdCK~,[<#fG5+V0+W4=yOYj@Y-?oͱf{Ν5;X_N7[yYߍut5Ν5;X_N7[yYߍʝ+noWE~ۯH׿K?ޥ7V^Gƃў+FH5^OFĈkFAXeұ'hw}?xΝ~N<#[ȌR_wXswBǸ#r^a/DBGe?nw5DſFU#w!ѴlT%wFJT_e'Fhp[XΩRĪkhfrV:|TTyNDT.ZOUKƴWj;buU#T9G*CT%U5-SHU0NTSI^+*;U;שJEcU%]@82=LE4L=U)P @VΩʹSX:t}S':!CNT>R{ :CX;M5Q4UNܩsGZ=xԶΝh6zX}^Sw8HGlud*D$=x ֒;u+D=x ֒;u\$T'XKԹvpPɣ`-SNJB%>pNr')8(1}<&c_ Ӥy񀕫uS||eKYۣ3dRrgxT҄WP x{;6tlQjv;|1bv ܲJzKV&!ޗ;HFGD<`-6 2r*.Yx_f}Z-[fWn[VP>p${s'>'TvbvK ܲJzKV&!ޟ;dBD1Nz;]1DPnY%C=x%+ʝNx UR"(}pN;iW ( pN;iW ( wf/0iŕ/+`\8II S,x74p#*;,]w9XaoE&+<,iE⻵,$8~X0ַpeqp{aYbI30Ǔ$pʚRY;$8Їu cKXz<z=Pc:w{;0Ǔ$pkʃdy"<{EV7fO{F;#:wn %fr95q PC8V K*aDŽޥ *儼yLJ)}X07[zX<`@u]M[IoM,cWzjE-=Q<^zΝ c Zzy[vCalK'I<,kgٞw,Ip^+vx{P;mx;06Dz+?nqzp?t ˚4y?ӱEhymO a7{:7(k%٫իN z:ӑ`graS0R+V&+6.^ON|:׹iao23ޙ\nܤeA;ܫNLV"l_[ғ5TfȨs'Aitaar<+ODP'jq&0paޥ'r3,SX򪜟>ldYz R@QEēa-=utJCd /e͑*T*wFv\[SGgױ0)ʝ҇M c_zwjU:wr8+E]SN*#`͞%=)]Qe͎+`R^/qvvcJ~m_nLj_"(,=Y-CF;D=Ɗpgdry2- -stE. #8lsғ%ns'4r2居?-KuFJ?lvғ%3sw>Lê:Z~a3ºs}.@Q^AqEaȰ'XչcsG#shzN=PSf:w:])xs Fhxq cӍB>!++} xe1n>5.=Y=*{uxS80Vr?+2ڹ ڹp n,UC:wB) z+:9 [Ĉu Ɗ>N'|En+;[ەT@a $pUSǭWez 0Vr8TVSC5[{>N :n3HGX!q惛IڥZpLXL,Im+lֹc9pXיùdݚ;|n%9=kғ%$ :w:[\31\NMHѵZ@G6mcБξq;VuceL'AXRG5_8%{\#7N>'9j=D+8 "`Yh@8a,D \̙H@8a $pskd(Qs@xcEąΝ`,{ #%yC ʒ[zkt.c6EwSȎ{ut캲! cE&MX-J5UFm+‹K+N{,h;Y'>0Vv8Y2<^&X$p3pqyBpX1I淹 19@xce 'خBJWzu8FaX$ps9s{ L2 ̥Y;/pXǕ(N`gsߒ l jչ塪Ñ c'ضq=LMXD+; 6usMGU,0q%؞]7@MU\ocLɖSZUxJl.:sK{ 0Vs8tƕ)&(5\+tN'%٪sjA c2'vC,a5/^i}kNCypܜX˦8,g=JP$; yITݫDh%p"ҥI. sƈjCc.&t||a|\5E_TSECnM:=PqYֹSgG:wF˲Ν<;ֹ3c\u/Ν,s,ώ~uea;eyv˭sgǸ, )˳_n;?eYXNYr1.:wk)R5=ɂoh%P^8A3тo C>K Ja,ʆRk{\(/_gxРck[nҠ**}ԙ17<16wq!gk͙ls9Whיl;}lnztY/5f d<Ѐ͔yfЬM1̹Wff/dLgEjqRϗzI"[Q6r;~CroɹA,e{gR+kM}cl坰lٯé3s/SgE⚱IDU3>[sv'pH3fbEec+1wI?y} I,!jB7/ r[,퇢`P'_\emz>-#o!4f_}UR+U54Ӳm~hT=&t}R^~9b?<1~[K3-F}gOsT</1[!e/ / Q8-LVzq&VUf/}B(]Hk Xg;^7 p)1_5pj323wr_W>i45tMet -}j[tXkPTz =' :r0e8Oxq'^d`UpeQDk+ ɹhAhH}žOQ5iR! ҫ_䕣wp䢛ꤹ>(FGpfx=s>wPj ybiV!ɍg$j(?.pi8'$c"'icT}E}`RGT|7U W?QЫ }ǜ/+gn[]KԇT.m@qXPʯBNLNyyAQݩOyȇ<`xԑ-qȉa/w sB'Ev}*3)TIKvBʍ;vO3h=wD_a5!+ LNZC=x[pG4vn(Le"Oyu}F@ܸkLՂY)H?*"j A,pP<˾pTH|+ŽésGE77;.:Zhl!8s ZQj`} fK*SW2TEWtitPf?yȇC5ɠ5/u&ryes}Ag ~o OGRiwzg1_1F G:Amplfgc#X_)г[婎شn '$Ɯy2U{{eadoJb%jܱq~yT=tNy5!*_=SƜ5_Vcj9j:ȇpL0ȇ Cc'RJtX'2jXi? 5wVé0t\D&םNA7C`X7|k)x:J6Rƌ>p:1Wh'ળç5p/6x)U?%9@ɁPL0$6[3s¿_"LF<,q.>y2aHf-{Mɖ-4ϊכ̝@|gIlJtmhQ[ј(|#*=x`Zimt_:5|#4׼Be]F;<Ɠvb||wyDG;=к-y'= mmJ6O*B1d#C#95fSmpت'p*_:}ZĜ}# ,{疟{ e&Ʒ>Ewо' }İX9kJN>k;-|I{55x탧O0vU>xdhWɁ:֖9px7#AbD\Ov_ 3yx 0p]{g4X?[y&ޠ/5W|)mR5wrl쓾ab~߲d vΠWmpEiZPL`~pw $u?9-rz.=e6cLiĘ6W"lϒ(yk|HpUx2(eY3LSܢ~Qxo Uš7mҨGyJ}h'Xtʛ of;o~ɍtiV+7^J!5 +Y@G5y@)=0Ժg<|ԚOƖ~!935r/oXz-+Ϻ>mgJn<>.\Gg QOmԴ ZЃFPi/Q9Rt`7yqo,k<*+U/=7ZEϤ֜H|zvLđ6tlGUXOhJ1l:&4s_b_Ԇ_XMZ_.ZxN͘ac3mts-ϼ S/h2t!CM[k˔xeyU@u}Ml)GgY_YCyㅻ!OAg7ȪB_Xy5Ѷ6C7] 5v+W?жs9_GNٹ/#9+5ow9~}s;|;Ek{:؋?To:kڋ?lcy=J~ӹ݆O> 1MJq+I5&Mh+‡ =Ш47ܘ4nz:N`Yw3jgNC* l!/讶* ҫ#,h'z6YN@Oˍ{߄`/b }ַhb}˞uSʬEmJF5#-E،،g~S+>dPh<_v,]cx*[-0tUjQ7jÖ^C>)51' /v߿foR eV6l߄qi;keьY*4'_b ;fGv+oح3l_??gܧh(*ZqRP}҂G:mˁ!CsD]:mmSГ 'ȃ/ 5B[B7=Gh&f\yuB%w΍ȦOpNd(>v5^ǿs8:@t6ʢf<5|}U>5cCMQ)(/hppLbJz@p7Xּ\ow:ﹹኟ;VI0K; ?:g޸_߭4.6~FhƲJ۵h?g_6LoNMV2U'~*+L%x9:Lǡ+ 54q{?'6΃v={Cp"]3-f;;Rﻵvn.xo4|G˚3_wSIa3m;U~ 3hp}ͫ~VëRUs8b |:.V=coė+e@X(ogL.m~j\<=y)|+ō7=qGmDA)j36~۾QsG2'i~;Bh4U?hSK#AsbV)B=}|{o{<ևN[nۿw1k'~myO{*Ҧws}>ƎW+?4WW4eCuEtFN̉ץH71?'} |*~q=Av{΃ŷ=z>}ܠFޕBLr;m#8d->7 7n^)~gnrm¯Z7 xNoǎx='ⵞg~|Z,8VxYX/Zo_;9@$[zWNuI~_~ԳQGcOqokc5:&U yiYЩ~ʣ4EpMK8aW$|ykK=Ek-"E5D|ni9 `Eɳm[@#lVw8xQS > ikilA3(Khlul2l[{,a˅A*5q{HMt$eG/ zmƫqM@y8"^W=2Fw O sRsO{)M%wDMmٲ'^\~2MmCkt|v^gOm:.:W],s#.~B /vSA}W|^ 5q%s'Z*lÉ3ޝ3&c^g,6]_ZtWxҕ'3ߥ0LoNy'qx==X[!A)38iz壆F4ߘG5|J KFQt.mlxUęxx?''9Q'遽o;8@|3"8gI,a EQ>']DH4/x5il88"mj#G1ǷxN!Ѧx"b^#TGVTBy0NOȃ= f ^@UUCG|upJLTZ!?y.FK1\(5x, j$K}d +6fGN =Nh>ƕ<״H!is"ehnhc䜮4|gB1jH:JhΒZL3׭vm[Z1f.{m39ORn 7-dNj/֢~߇&l sϺw}^ϱP 3Cϟj$sϛq1no'2/RbY̵ ǽs7q{[sb(g\pȽIb^fic3w \mb\`h"9;=ۼ.g愵fqﰿK!e7KLA{W~I[KC!E̙3nKޖ7 䉨a6sfs\~ K-yёgrMԋ'usQ$kūƚC&9v,=1\OJeM i45Ob:#wƾd+6 9QV$w}3w_lNjuEWld="G^֐e u6/6\ېYY{X^XgWX'^3$^W-5/"v$P׭+uT'Q-cL#^ou>/gb6/`z;Sw/fS4^╞_*s3ejY{2K xb?(G=%ݷse3lp=^ 28>߂|NAέԌ챦J_D9b'Q1^lTŞX,yٻFYxI!񋮷Sb?OŞ.:yċbqg1{E:${?n쳘gt.yY쳎3VS2_ )b*<\cJv+3X,,fYg1MYӳ+O4^آC.Y,ds{;z>>Xu.Wsh:f+,vɄyG_2wcsB/9;O$^1W4^╞_OZQg1=%׹yV,5s_kw3[Ob/p6Nchk)ܗc3y6sٵ2!:?e$͐E^bQsO8U;7[Q[pC$.üc |t3LyPǝ)U'oGaU緦<:_pF9?p6U5wXk :筞>>7Pwrn>7{nLjMe_VOՓ}<6/sԝ >\N?+^>k1?'H)ꜧ=:6zLk͹>oqWe)7^&us͖b7O1#{-;N|'w 9^φ ׳a2?BgY?ZrH Zٰ{ߟ2t>Mn2$,Uφ:!iJ7sݛ^ՠCJtܯqYϔ}o]zkS Yӥv{i.묩/\bԟ5˜ ۈ_nmGw/n5M>kvx1k<lBY>):kλΚzUs=Bg͓ Κ?:}YSə5>k\9^+"uE--ϲ=.7f[񿴓|kwaZޅ_*[doF7~(>[U̬y=CsvzƆNaC˙zVy<}hFRVPJK^T68lF:C <-Wx7~A=?|.K 4 l(·oc$;^_><(umw_|޳>$z>ҿ8ͼ] -?ޣ[td+lƧ|G<) }l_}[L}ɧIR!x'nPX ^RIQ 12)A9瓧!'oϐop;Dh}91$; _Y"|v_VْZI97wL"fE1G_ 7 g4҃G~CyX§:w9oU SSDzPfE\7sy'(/q{r&n+_jȰFw+wՄU#zi4N؊8 J<@}Z{ Liz7>V4Elh(ȢDW]k='^%sp}_-E/UG˽{!l~q/T.y|)̵K4׊%}-~r+[oX"=tж㵷gI<{7g<34?>Դ{_;5wjt}$ݷsyóOq8V 28sOgp9l)GE ϝg/c9ѷ$8E6N?_M=Ugpjy_.-{ànYcj^cx,z߇ }4c^ϹU>uDES^_ႊKڿoF=T2>?-!& o&eƨ[;~7wGӻٺ_>G72+]^ =j͚n=5ϞM;黳~>zoUế$2CQV{EkUc]xBrVք&Sjūʿ5m4#~둒3`8cA5_!!o/9xXZcF+~AJўl͞>}j/pݣiz}vVui F7qU֤F[\_ H~'H,,61 Ðèñ. 1. Ñõåìà óíèâåðñàëüíîãî óñòðîéñòâà êàê èíòåãðàëüíîãî, òàê è äèôôåðåíöèàëüíîãî ìåòîäîâ äèàãíîñòèêè ëåæèò ñïîñîá èçìåðåíèÿ ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ òêàíåé íà ïîñòîÿííîì òîêå. Îäíàêî ïðè åãî ðåàëèçà- öèè íà îðãàíèçì îêàçûâàåòñÿ íåêîíòðîëèðóåìîå âîçäåéñòâèå òîêîì. Ïîýòîìó, ñòðîãî ãîâîðÿ, íåÿñíî, ÷òî óäà¸òñÿ èçìåðèòü: ôóíêöèîíàëüíîå ñîñòîÿíèå, îáóñ- ëîâëåííîå ñâåòîâûì âîçäåéñòâèåì, èëè âîçäåéñòâèå èçìåðèòåëüíîãî ýëåêòðè÷åñ- êîãî òîêà. Âûõîä èç ñîçäàâøåéñÿ ñèòóàöèè âèäèòñÿ â êîëè÷åñòâåííîé îöåíêå äîç ïîãëîù¸ííîé òêàíÿìè ýíåðãèè ïðè âîçäåéñòâèè è ïðè èçìåðåíèè, èõ ñðàâíåíèè è âûïîëíåíèè óñëîâèÿ ìàëîñòè (ïî êðàéíåé ìåðå íà ïîðÿäîê) èçìåðèòåëüíîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ òåðàïåâòè÷åñêèì.  ýòîì ñëó÷àå ìîæíî óòâåðæäàòü, ÷òî èçìåðåííîå ôóíêöèîíàëüíîå ñîñòîÿíèå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðåàêöèåé îðãàíèçìà íà ñâåòîâîå âîçäåéñòâèå. Îáà ìåòîäà ðåôëåêñîäèàãíîñòèêè ìîãóò áûòü âûïîëíåíû ñ ïîìîùüþ îäíèõ è òåõ æå äàò÷èêîâ. Îäíàêî äèôôåðåíöèàëüíûé ìåòîä äèàãíîñòè- êè ïðåäïîëàãàåò èçìåðåíèå àñèììåòðèè ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ â ÁÀÒ, íà êîòîðóþ îêàçûâàåòñÿ ñâåòîâîå âîçäåéñòâèå. Ïîýòîìó äëÿ ìàêñèìàëüíîé àâòîìàòèçàöèè ïðîöåññîâ äèôôåðåíöèàëüíîé äèàãíîñòèêè è ñâåòîâîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ èõ ñëåäóåò ïðîâîäèòü ñ ïîìîùüþ îäíîãî è òîãî æå óñòðîéñòâà. Òàêîå óíèâåðñàëüíîå óñòðîéñòâî ïðåäñòàâëåíî íà ðèñ. 1. Îíî ñî÷åòà- åò â ñåáå åìêîñòíîé ýëåêòðîä, ñäå- ëàííûé èç òèòàíîâîãî êîëüöà 2, ïî- êðûòîãî òîíêîé äèýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ïë¸íêîé 3, è ñâåòîâîä 4. Ýëåêòðîí- íàÿ ñõåìà 5 óíèâåðñàëüíîãî óñòðîé- ñòâà ðàñïîëîæåíà â åãî êîðïóñå 1. Óñòðîéñòâî ïðèñîåäèíÿåòñÿ ê îñíîâ- íîé ñõåìå ïîñðåäñòâîì êàáåëÿ 6. Çäåñü èçìåðåíèå àñèììåòðèè ñîïðî- òèâëåíèÿ îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ ñ ïîìî- ùüþ åìêîñòíîãî ýëåêòðîäà, à ýíåð- ãèÿ ñâåòà ïîäâîäèòñÿ ñ ïîìîùüþ ñâåòîâîäà, åãî ïðèìåíåíèå ïîçâîëÿåò ãèáêî èçìåíÿòü äëèíó âîëíû èçëó÷åíèÿ ïóò¸ì ïîäêëþ÷åíèÿ ê åãî êîíöó ñâåòîäèîäîâ ñ ðàçëè÷íîé äëèíîé âîëíû èçëó÷åíèÿ, ðàñïîëîæåííûõ â êîðïóñå ïðèáîðà. Ýòî óñòðîéñòâî ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíî âìåñòå ñ ìèêðîêîìïüþòåðíîé áèîòåõíè÷åñ- êîé ñèñòåìîé (ÌÊ ÁÒÑ) èçìåðåíèÿ è ðåãóëèðîâàíèÿ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ ïàðàìåòðîâ ÁÀÒ, à òàêæå èçìåðåíèÿ ïàðàìåòðîâ ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé àêòèâíîñòè ñåðäöà [9]. Ñ ïîìîùüþ òàêîé ÌÊ ÁÒÑ è îïèñàííîãî óíèâåðñàëüíîãî óñòðîéñòâà ìîæíî îñóùå- ñòâëÿòü êîíòðîëèðóåìîå óïðàâëÿåìîå âîçäåéñòâèå íà ÁÀÒ, ÷åðåäóÿ ïðîöåññû âîçäåéñòâèÿ è äèàãíîñòèêè. Äëÿ òîãî ÷òîáû ìîæíî áûëî îöåíèòü äîïóñòèìîå ðàçäåëåíèå ðåàëüíîãî âðåìåíè ýòèõ ïðîöåññîâ, íåîáõîäèìî îöåíèòü äîçó ýëåêò- ðè÷åñêîé ýíåðãèè, ïîãëîùàåìîé ÁÀÒ, ïðè îäíîêðàòíîì èçìåðåíèè àñèììåòðèè å¸ ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ. Äëÿ ýòîãî ðàññìîòðèì ýêâèâàëåíòíóþ ñõåìó ‘ îêîíå÷íûå êàñ- êàäû ÌÊ ÁÒÑ – óíèâåðñàëüíîå óñòðîéñòâî – áèîëîãè÷åñêèé îáúåêò (ÁÎ) ’ (ðèñ. 2). Ïðåäñòàâëåíèå ýêâèâàëåíòíîé ñõåìû ÁÎ â âèäå ëèíåéíîé öåïè âîçìîæíî ïðè äîñòàòî÷íî ìàëûõ, äî 200 ìêÀ, ïî ìîäóëþ è êðàòêîâðåìåííûõ, äî 10ñ, âîçäåé- ñòâèÿõ òîêà íà íåãî. Ìîæíî ñ÷èòàòü, ÷òî â ýòèõ óñëîâèÿõ ÷èñëåííûå çíà÷åíèÿ ýêâèâàëåíòíûõ ñîïðîòèâëåíèé è åìêîñòåé íàõîäÿòñÿ â ïðåäåëàõ ] 1000 ; 400 [ R ВН  Îì, ] 1000 ; 1 [ R K  êÎì, ] 1 ; 01 , 0 [ C K  ìêÔ, ïðè ýòîì ] 015 , 0 ; 002 , 0 [ C Э  ìêÔ. Çäåñü (ñì. ðèñ. 2), âîçäåéñòâèå íà ÁÎ îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ ñ ïîìîùüþ óïðàâëÿåìîãî èñòî÷íèêà ñòàáèëèçèðîâàííîãî òîêà I, êëþ÷à Ê1 è ñâåòîäèîäà VD ÷åðåç ñâåòîâîä ÑÂ. Êîíòðîëü ýòîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ ïðîâîäèòñÿ ñ ïîìîùüþ öåïè èçìåðåíèÿ ñîïðî- òèâëåíèÿ ÁÀÒ, ñîñòîÿùåé èç èñòî÷íèêîâ ñòàáèëèçèðîâàííîãî òîêà 1 I , 2 I , êëþ÷à Ê2, ýêâèâàëåíòíûõ ¸ìêîñòè ýëåêòðîäà Э C , ñîïðîòèâëåíèé êîæè K R , âíóòðåííèõ òêàíåé ВН R è ¸ìêîñòè êîæè К С . Ìèêðîàìïåðìåòð è âîëüòìåòð íåîáõîäèìû äëÿ .x lTUϣ-ӕ)[dXC(MPl0j$Hl ª@ jiYL d)"0vi_xySC41o?νsuƊ3R$.Df)1"mtH[Ad}0NжBkV%ڈ3P}#"*7S1^E~F;9XR1O*zNxpʌTx.]TىOx-gA$8-Y6%Gy8GܜD͍ Vs;kD"KgP/B4ɡÈc˹3|Pܠu(ydh6>O[==x8h.ùV v3m#srbeå`U]s|)2'@-zMh; k.wA:Zr[Tpl}X݄nkp4<8+@u&8b?=\QZ2I!V L֋|>HDcYδ,g{G|}5;12_SIdk~ >|иo{)JkcNoW 4/uN <[& <] Πf7207YenƮ+Ruhj-2wWJ=~ׁE_;:'5rNbwǏ}7kOլux8^V~OjpH)hk@j?~͚N5r6'_K6VÍXjw{hZmP X}?F Jtb];x"x1VUUy,JvR΢cԟ}-=wq' EaJN0{[N GTmK-7ss}';YK<.{8}=eGAw\97<92p@}#!49zuURX6>g3\n-{쀏pVPDCFΧCNpL$vK>OCyX8xDVD)&^J4P}`_9+YS@u ZPoZ:uU0*ί{3Xrqwc]nlC[ɼęn|^Ǔ2z]ҏϜ2uC_!9ۙkG7o[9Rj2ƞ*`1Bݱ}6ԝ8Ը>'Pc‰ o|ǣ,YF[OqG>чcu o/3MxѹX0m/GC/5әܙxfrcuFw:wgsQswCG:sQfܙ[P40*O>Ęo ~O:ϳ>V X*`UUV X*VYǪUV X*`UU_Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:45   I(162./1!ni{Dvx}%E}q=; (N9bPQѠgX$jؒEc` *ۉ ' E~gv}73vfv[zRX:N7oOQJmsR+@VC_t#uVJmKxѝ~>RߣIݷVw{6HL\uZi/=,R4Sޖ-LcȃOkHIԧZK#ҫ@ǭ!{}<#|Lr_Ntlcz` Y8ViJ#HZGWj9uk: Vg}oa3H@@}:7ؼ: ^}v7EV.+;g_O~1hƚtoï׿h>8uG6\Zm8EV[898+L?9xeZZ Gκ}tPjO&ܧ*tL7njupf3v>N}xzݾni9}tc\F<"<)(:֑'In{hA:|HSU E%V"ٸ`Z!#l.&Lj˭͇\$;X¤ks@mƭͫ՞wDmpksѦ6<"^_m -qk$t6nmn"MMD9Wnm6dFz&ε y:TXs.Rߨj/V7mR Wm̈́h.">ćەd-`aha7` ߋ0C87O8Ϣ4 3/<<@{rZQѱY].!bu-5dp^6;8wA|Ԭ[89f+@'Z_w3nG'?~KVwt/n&Dq aG(Z`;6#?n]}/\hq|ޓ&F|- ;j7eax}x_~hۍ|8qyh@h:Χ9QG BߍF=KI{A<`Cɾ\]Wh}Z-d7 >7ZǗ b>r+|L-geT"}m0@Ĺs#5ZЀI_Nù]G8h[1 |}1|F`X?-h!_Epwݕ`w#Ps?_,)gBʱ go> p~cQ\۠a<>:Cs|I)]*ϛ1+4Dv~6ov;}}>WH|FFgeSzƕ؃\k}hy<q圣&@XOWs /|>`н xm$y 䒣q[_#EٰEĹBl7݈h+]ߐO >~`Մ%yvO85k_Wdjb |\<5b>džZ / g\bƺLW42DdyDe޸;pCfc`/3}xc9fbf4쵁5:d}ﰟ> zwct%z2Gd vцrC™`WK5f/n?^8 p[3k8"yٲBY˱q1F ޠqax|cỹ 8?1`,Iв =ӹ: +-{Lu]1?}6Bh\,t,ek ^s6YM|"'PMl"esvb%eP;=\2pR@./+={^vj9=bw஬fud/qD8E.1#y|+W u> s˂L<\`Zzw42ry7. 7#aDBW:S _k1s8wr]n ^[W̵Yo͝;:L^tplW>4X96 0fY\|8,-A١ۛgDrxSܟ@m,nj^) eoOZKoЁ84ϑo{,:{P@M15 x?`Sw#IF:~9'Qzo>ِ? #&Ľ)ALڐ/"S\"|jV"Cwz:>SdDu _?ozǯ= mG66 {>jƫn'bOA>a#%tKvWs ]yz"{!:ݙJjw'E;3/XQcաa;FA$cs|/OH9`@#{A&sgnv9|}z{Iȧ*HMǿ9y[w;=N8˷9Ugcp"7wN'5!#y?)Wz1uJd~N^!{=N\}f>)GBux },aaM~Sc1=L:|vq9J|';|x }-sLӹs^ٹ=ǿʓB}uo+מ缜Wěs~@$^t1WGOhW۫.|:_낛h |= |S(_k8_Gx<nKWDyE]׎vv Nl+h|+?+Uy GmgM|=y=.ޑX['[GP,ﭴ }2[s,xHk"t}x.wczI8>/pDǾYV7wijͭjM輨S[]Omr^ϝ0:/n tDav2|͊밻Ёh׬c1m4.pzvF1=ed#h~=e^K萮M9BF?j|m'#t=Ij1Wȏ3pb֏<t6][Ӵc{R Y[oxAVa/n׸_[#|m}[~Ak qz <aB5k1p C]=w1Owwx{#;<+.txswxEų]cz.?'_'ТO}ȯts4yoqWDGhoAӼڇs C7ncz\}&:u{Q?X[l  +~ogpޢ}$g== :ux?v}{mr|+Kq^:⏱_*5^$k_ ?#}e~ayᙻ]TОDz6} }fόb?ìa浜ah&7cKk>|-_p|s~8hC쓁~-L87G胟iY^c] *{C u+}e2^!Xw?φϹ!Nj|'r#G1xw0--ss<ز Ƴ s0h4Ћ^PNYS  T\Kl^ F_|9j?yb=3^qщ9~<~i?6/W(~Oy~xMw+7:]h.c ;bvC3{ఇh(e $da uQ^c:^y4k-FPejye8w%v {gM?w~lkmeڬk-(b{g=;uڔrzjZ;{g3tkm?+)g@Y9Z#حZB'8d֢џ<ߟۍ`-[=YNq[25sFsr %,^>f3> c>!'uM5$=p^?B|]?oO2*ߗ>DA:獽~G֚~PkzfmR}>^崃^s6#1{}j~~[x@1azq|67!ޘHQ=Wn8_ߠsk}rwMJd+"pv\|(: u%{G_ᦏ]BIQ<܎;g߁Ç?^=_p>@'yGi&~!n{sP`>':uGnU~ h>,q3OxS''F {.=cyўtXG:~,"t}ϢUt?tU.Bwcs)f!yxF~3?48&WH3i{u΋ /|0Ӹs'|NDg1`ǺL7+׃#qߥt^;d w_|HCĵ1j_%m!"܅{6#c\'Z~?tJtQW4 ; IQ$׺ox_ W,v;}Q`B>zw-u1GS~P]/?}yoo Q$]ד^o\ا{}0>kc _1M ި Snog%>\Bz1?ZO_CyNZYMhXO_KYt'\] InlݟeH&y>>ֽ_Ϋ?_mᮿe*sD'2}FW)v{Ϯi}Jwxb<)^qI? />g毿a/p_|UX7Jp?GwH_/\94|ϹoKϰ#8qqAޱ<ًал;Y8ßw{j1'`̼%qς.)/S΢v |`,M_ŷ=m˙÷̙oL6/@S} ıEC-h@˱ x9ui8/q"MrY/Zy X??ZchQЅW; ETQtz?v>ݣѝq^L:Cz/Bz/BzНJ=1 %>WXnk{s<_ ޼r1tpԝc5=ߎ+_wcqo.zFegq*I$&+U{yěoCzB  |k͜׌#0ڣ{(x ;߳Xs/5:1:oG^j8۟bW^^N ;C}?ڻ)>lZGc5mꎤR k6}uݑ܇@=o F2uL6^Dױ6ѵ~Ekޤ B:)j`~|o| ҄_븖f7R̯]A {|y/>s1 2l|}} x֍>ו z`X7஬hS_r'` 'eYu{GԑEo kIuۿhksb41fhpq6uzrv>r5ޗor{n}X w/U㿃B5"- ~ͯpdߛ_o4kZǍ|]cŘ=sp ^]nAdq.Z ~8!-`[-z!G B=|9.Wܽ+༕~5wEpc@6WC,̲N39w69oĀdO1s#-5ZsrvF.X+ɺ1+yYC~o}Q 8xAe ~n}B <`m?pwd.,̍lכyXoyLEY;$ſ zo(#n 8sкq x 6C0 ! _>\186؅q2=h!ms?oo#狩<y 'Fy/!G~D]IߎB\ss<н|C1f(.ϫ\D_BvULvp˟m/G%exI׻kߏiJ6ʾt# %.7yo';23zt;>%+%.O l}X0gT|gq)VX);]>tHτs ?G9AVӫ;o5f*byqG}{' C5a.Bt!6{Bʡ;{:ykw{'HJw.][sN7[ujyn<>{Iϊ3|+۔r"|޺48pɠm}u2s|̳>;ͳ@d}x,)Oh}Ҙc&nepy yok }]ji"h* }"pG>¯]u~$Z-٧OCOk @Zl՝_x)7kn׬!o9N[/^=ypjyhg jw]}L?9xzrвW8rn~IXd}<ѼSyd:8;Ovn_δЍCi kυ&p1t|&בgQK0\o}WN'|2zfBϡMDw|>>>Kx}&]]qOČN1zPhqg~V-!!x z*E n Ygً#O\> XJ1j9pn?m}p x=ZQ}+(v3-9Npե/g74o#|`A\x΁__}18a4hs~q4'q폷M=wgmKtK8<E[kB7ZʏGOhQ7?:1d8 g Ex? ؋({2e}#?31(. B|OgGXZ÷p``!n:Vg}َ}Í݁?bLJsۍ+t|.-s{PQO?dw)={ӁX=k.lRՅ^78y8_6>|#zS ʑߛ'qنs'{Ӯi,4VJmjmQ7эԍo|c۪N&7Q7Mnv3۫vA7W;i;V^vefu[BTխnn}[6궷nn۫;OOʊZvZnmc{KNwgO.wQ￿:]zWuMwW==yO^<@uGUuA׫<Vr:Ca=A~:CggjÆ #P}C0uG?ꨣRx#G9ꑏ|zԣG<1걏}:c8?^= OPO|Փ$'?Y=)OQO}SӞ4?]=Pwz3gg?Wyss\=Op z ^/WOdu)SOU/yKO_zK_6nܨ^R/+^ WR_zի^^W׼5굯}z^^׫N;M oPo|՛&7Yۿ[EoUo{ߩWo;wS?GOOջ.w[=Q}{>//__տۿ?>#G?>O?]}W'ԿO~S?>Ϩ38C}U?y/|A}_T_җԗeug:K}+_QկTg}׾o|/u9o}[w=\~W}{SG~G??X'?Q?O~3\mڴIPw/W?_]pW ʹCE].bu%>v)osc[hr4.\]q+T{uUWZ]s5Zuuש믿^Ǚ)ތɂ):S=N0L8lLL8"0㘲12TcTcdT@N]z3nz+R=걿64f_걿Εd| ίfSiJjol8HkH c20ujQZz4ms),[lHTUs*IͰ3ȶβT*HRRέF9L42c7q/)R֓<,]i-~$4ٶc.Fm]^攻}9 TL(1}֌$@pN0qYbt]+v,e<~v [#ۤ RWQF@ǞJ?-F3UfDe"GXk_{:X+h z/R=O; 0b]zFrXT#(~Mbz6VVk+}]C~b:2Ϗ21yHe6|_wdGթ8TIoL7wb4\ _sT6`=v]=:KO@u4:+LqdZ}LJcFɊue,Nv7V2cЍ򱠤0 zLN騏3űۭaYNc_5-cFęXɴƌ <\ \BI V1w^&hxa+1]j:cB)un}˺B+ǵ:x=puiǁjd1LXk4f,۰!Ft18S+V#ҘQbG&1daps\/.-4R\T)ahӕS:ęXG簬SeⱏcE.&Qgc1[#cmhU3#_jX1xS=a;`wc `TBP&Pj* -hQ #Aq8V>G&1dr:2PeO1u^V*$4I.#Qgc1[ò.Hgv\TiY?'Fn{X#1c#knXTWyKTCr討}5E!R$3)&؂>GT܄WS*qU"rs]4,J90 HׯGYƙlYL R-zrg#+v9 g@/LWHRQ`Ӆ%! @BHu(=6r8}8JtEdy P/UY'@!DO|ISű,zl/J9&y8L\cxTӱ1WD-'ejeЗ\5J(0Q5:ܹvJJj!3Bhb8AԼfnz 樤G= c]tJkM򫣰ԩr %Uvi~8I9D@r$ƱxŻ\*ͩJc>y[EQ%o6 Z8!1ix|@ pE%qf\M!!t6 Z tN* {KX`rS^%AdI%R XUsҦhlOUthc,qN7UABN(:B|P`5Gt7z`4ஐ"쓀/J@dQ@g䁠V5TAJz>Xq/H62BF Rg^zPAmdLuD.8@қ_SCp^(B2Cr\ 3S@8Sa|ch,|1 1b(R=df p6a* ӕ* +'O{c3z +Za`߰ 9]ɎZC$4ID!WI`mY/ьewYetZ!NnQة['$F=SZ(nsk\)lGKPK\4 Ϟj 0H,S$JLN.g~ A OQ5ZcEiif!el/Oh1&!pJsB] ,L%kYI5V%4~\Z/@epeՀRUJ"uSH=;`H泍d'VSy&H@e DR=9nS P@Q-!LX2aBP9H Dp( rq&[v@$qlHgꥠ\ !r E rROdq8S rEI$ $ !HWM%c%ebJ l`31٤6FI&X1@j*[%w5-ښȼI2qĔ<6C&gաNL1]R4d)M\@k0MUyٚ.h@"$e0]v:c\)Ht,(jgv$LGI /řXG^!ɪDYgl^5 P$4";7ߠFpNP/ivRڀq8ַz?sLr$Q~J ]5gcSa " D23])yzHP#C0B98!kcFzFY./4޸M 0T[R:ˎIT.>=Y{,/4޸]&,d[Ap2Fܡt,iXvsX֩(B&7n3Mz*cPa,O2V '{lv!I`rd@Yucg"$rq E2e9i+f8ƪ$ꇨc (=ť22#Gb$m1=0Jtd%n= ̎(eaR,MPa$$ ˋ6f5{ H';â]=cjJ1SRDj<jvBX@CD{92q􎜽قlS_4@nȄ1 0_H=1!I,0 rkĶ9F!.ǙX_:9$),=B $rW%"D -e8S[ sHR&XzIv9hAyAjq8ֱvsdYtF``dS^+x0FmLqlnxޫϑao &Nv9( 9A%3_',N/*tۣ8፫qyE$}[P8gc1[òNF". tJG@)un}1U=l@cW1lLc0ZA=N (\f0oݶR=IJ3űƌFfs,s=TBfrv;IY DY#\!JtLq#vsX֩2b1ƈఐ8S+IϑIi(Y1 ll&7'̶8L -paEM ܄G \Xq Vt%锎q8c9,icy0[&7}l&wnT U0ҵzlAكi GYI62'JȤ4f6:;7hqZl%S=yL*&H Mc qɨtJ5:bl>e:-#8!Fm IJ3űƌCgpcB\CЂU!Ʃ+C7#*0GFt%锎q8c9,icy0[&}|wnTU0γڵzlr8eE$cYmȜ8S+R#ҘQbܤeJhULXp1) 4}SIs) !6r.@7QOF$D&Ť|Uǀ,]P) !7rՖˢ؛BS4>߂Yf]zt0]91s8Z0ˬS=:]c9i9+ctJj} !6r7$B,s8쭘9y0mT{$DT0>ފّcS=P$92TNtݕٜDT᰷bvخTYidN) aaw1c\l_$s p[1;rlwa:;ݵ}i%kr;IY aØa0J ~GGЗ{) !6r}u ct(XKwD^}X&78SCb71c\lOXZ_TQ# $\~g,RƄ s1VV;"T~a,RƄ s1VVMH$1&^192^1E|c,wMꌮVG2pcƸ؞n.)0GcH,mRgǤ0M/Q# $S=a鸐 `pS sa0Ʋ'XڤTI9]353;ʂAANAXJ IeǤ2b32- $5RT#sfj$ҵQt2dı:@ $@JR=JttJkF{[0hh?ɨSyTa >FӔ]353\P00HVn :WXy11cL؛e[7ՙOВ@Kb*,!SqR4ud;{$ TJ)fj$ϱg>/ lg)'b*Л@R<$ tJG@Lƌ3u 5L@9j $5̃EDN蚩<Әqfn  [-ȟ%$(^LTxUL|qnζrQDQtl(9]35w3X8Jl- $ց26Yj#sf o mQp]ՉI疡ۯ6.Jũ-jzL6I@L%yspi؅Ғ↲R؊~C- $dD@"l.iA|#1$ d-B+Tdjf\{jә 8-тa ZH"n $oh* 0@8n%&*dhNВ@R/ QS$#\ep>m:X8`mNВ@RObc<<>׉xڢ⨮T- $mTxEPG;TQWqNr;AKIXǪxxo \6eQFY#$/c h(ӉydI(ZD (4 Ty0_+Lz&IJW-ss*#,tbYҠT$u'-U+ 9AK ,eX$ EXY^(Q~+)g W A hNВ@s.c*$32$!(D3΄UkTyjF ZHbR=$qeyE|w&FŨZ &螶i It&*oDbO2ԣM%iGkbaJANWy$hNВ@^OùBRwzd0RPYQ٨jT͐ԝJ*oXތ`-E+ 7,b6}RְPXQ!Nۆa4aǚ#h6[[KR=V2 xPRO7ZXzmt%ر]/̭Se VN|Q{uyZ*(<ʒF ̗`\΅-Ty0c[[ kKnzL7R’O%1t%8]O }򸑹V@3v4}ٚ-uQ[kew h[[KetY2Y6F)S92k^6u"ZH1;녹LŰlNPb̐-,˭{Љa߉TɶBVoS/c7(h,,s!,}-MظѿzXxw[IZH뱜ґ\ף[_uSƚxkV n5<:[M]݈V6ʐ-k-dJn2sQCvuF\eՌ3-%ncrN49e6%o+c@/s=EL5uXvkANJʉ'qz u$ht[SGZJcj1!m<`Tښ:ɚTUF`X>͖y~DQIz,S-NbՓ9,MZVkB*]zjqxOdg䭠wbjSI$cu^9yصٲv92FdcUyc[ݴ莥JPb2F-T;O~vlvX|bZ]X@ƨjώmuҮ/j̕6k5j|Ƕ65.q]8a`; Zz3\:'6] MADZA]"gs4m5u2c72R"%Iu{ IMQ&6t%'MljH-s=UXx+4c]&ocƚz&F##c]yFF|rQG}FWH}6߯At\(%AQИcK&m=uFlUwmQ[ khJ:fۚq<0jV-]Bct)]~ccg\z<<l+ ^XU}U*}mG}j]Ql+ 0+9g:ǒj@(iqgA 3$cC K4$T.0 ?fzzC=nsː׶Xvcƶ'ٶ#$GLt#6C5ݘl[-GJϤz D.֥)r5ݘ͕G̣&"c#?X d'1dSwC3fZyrzԺ =ްKscэ=ٶV WvXKŰƢ3vdxL̘m'c  ]2QƂ(lhOSm+<7cO=uZqgtRN֑߳42ڐ'RBQ|&3TQEgì ,̡kl M]#KLQU'ϘK.o<2 {ŀ6rVU.SPYd/:Ϙ+.z/j^ YMiXu'R03Y@1|fT% &  0Ww+Ht*ƆA]Qivf4Cbkc$o,_ŀsQo\):q#,BZ?vivu@ "6e}q}]Pˌ fw!v:Q+9aJJ%st5&kƕ񃔩#Jy N"UOR2'!QZvR5bwh⣶T̺pՌѺ"-o?ґi1>2Фy*:2Z ƒmlLEg49EЈiـaquQeCdVH;bN8Se65 2V[m)"C^e >7 |̶5 CܥpjXAGiΨދr?QH*>10qPfkn#Yu9]҃գ{JIR||u%'M]HDF"YDB(6؟ K[/cW5waPYH1,D-h=&>*!Pw5f:r(faQ_} Ɯs6pnR=voWrbZЦQMU`YZYCwRΪxRw%'M-+G9GX2:Qted( 2t)eUfE3գd~rdPjPz׮rR{\z`2cBx/Tsm|ɩñ5f6df >G x/s=&p$))O8[tiP&,cc]IPE$jKir" I2V72cPBNS=XAݪzL3W4x\V9#-XpHWy$LY5̨ތ41D̈́5K! a&~JHwڿ2Q$Sz է OE X15pa⑦zTF_f/r W=;>NJOf%ދKH`&-@/ ",E(<#T~ȴ8I=)%>;-hUX\-s=.B.lэ#uΙ$Ӎ@zte-rN{Q@i~o'0S=a&MVAO"azPE-y nRYzRøQdMz,&V5fԬF1bH JP "K "+QX,CP0 5vNTA=d3s7TZZV=Luہ0wHAw0dn2p_cEdSKzl*k2;&s q>sQAj(wiq"G`Xɔ#)8hiZfUJ!U] #`7<4QܑR OGN2 R0[k)phWFM\`bi^7!1g=ӟqd´SXj ߡX  XgؐmnIH6ռ ajH_0K&Mj C *ru6>Qx9YfHD ) 3qT͘%rkf9=zf$!" .,sC2O8ʼnY=sj,m`ilFܔ !s#w˜2 \Z \Ý2NZ5!RK@'&c L[F:j\i?5E2PWab3ZG"fe1hȶZPZXֱ! !v3N]tI#]dQ&1+?Y`,H2mH㚘ijH 㜘I\1LNu{9~3j&͕Eʠ3!ƕqYm2֧ɳېdX:-۩l7' ΠLb`f]M7eߍ;x#؃4 rI36V`jksrDQTeJ\è{XͥSi .POgZ3 3y|i2 X:ȴ(][&F!sMPnL)3hAѝpKxoX'˖)S=.SXǮd$9)&+UR=&D]pBօB6 Ibg@NI8R,nМ Z]z4~K7.̂!K)%p^t(Z( Ѓ ә&ɥXeMkf|j8z4$λvl%3#Sx4ql&FJAAId )L`\f%Tvdxt2֐B"€Qcbztk:ϱPM#^&L-Ύ1МRiRѥN o.bmH@66 #zi5,QQҧef ySw# eP9z LYMX*PL2qC 5.ͦi@Y{0 H LewCHԋo]: p1΄.F-ۼ䨑s> m5#~f4qvH7R=B*1J9UL'qE::f5k HVLi3ZM`t ,qGqtYeѭÒX}&[#PLl+*!UːHI7?fgqoʬLs/%?R4M@R=&K/¥G)5g:07!3dI[ r\n8"080M8PIA:{viW( rglr\v\Nr[3oM1osjm11L+dm{$x-ee.ggoTYA[9! C>cW5Rd;xJ<鴗ɥɢg=0d&X5G?`4RaH![.ӟ 7{vо׃޻+Yc^MiI jFN%JhkfIs_u ),s0: e8Z`?nd0ɔ-]Ie!4v0pgGa c˔`rp-'*Z|G33kMc'`S)23_ X[ \El%Yvf}NjZ/vwš |$ɃN:ƾ-Gy AEK6|^D3~g'E*^`ZꬅOT\c) v1l ܠ_[ B>E*X h% k2yejp@Uj/}Q;&KU(E*YSER^xzUk׮wUSu,nlB]"IYW(If+u_ee;lY& %ɲ;ɲ?Vts҉e/qٻYKٟ/rU+ZO8T9?*vH2šG5./3Dc<}і˽@nw|lߤ4 ͉rG͖["ג"-܄Jdr)<U+V? Sg(R@@ ĥ9̖:*ɕ|^ޅdmCg8POCwg,y䁏_0[ Ȗlm, >?GaӖm]ҟó`9|ӹ!й^?)wҾ0bD鸲l睼iZvzY,;\y?§ldzչW+Q)^/7SE@Iv+OWAQV <9{Y+K']uʪC=}tnoMyu={5>;{K5T] ݜznNJ&8Q7{n֋+ 7:o:Q7^C7#ٯ<&>MmYEx]7S=_-N~X[7I 9MIDf벖F,}zQb!NLZ/lclC[Y;{<۪%ۮeJA?"mJ*i d[DzJ#[jeQ=/1V }G>Kqs. ZǁGMptMˊi8r w>#(=o[i[$?$veO@[$uJ& $uE𧳟+[9_d- ]/RlHɮuܮx=Ev䛫:'(e>oV|v>|䀃_ zŇFtb91?y-7#Cʌ0t#xu4\,<3Ё|сm90˞Ct` K=J,<"%QВ޸[ײd6b$in̵->wh6/3ۈh#}B^ m\׃2M.ϴs ا?#l[q ٝ|PL:v-g_(wp?}/<_ a^EQUr> vP9vR09q#aLS~--~&goWG5Wf-}ji~FVQӳ{weoΕnZKxSGrYV=!Kٴl[^<#g;wNz5לz v-/V QVִ^Î"|LvZ>˶˕kDuԖ% .{uvfv0.:j|Z|9ROdҮgbR+a&-cɵ{Ew/iT!ZFDS/ .T'Oڹ7ʈlNl )x^F>(or"c[EYcCCϲO8q&boٳgޤݶ9ʋIb0q#c쩕'W6)~ו'n+.|]y?>K^PaY?~|-lɋߖȎaEW+ *8H'K #˦3(ބy _3,84)iKK=<>ke?ǵfmE2iLq * ftLCق.X>(m\en}bdb-|+};ZyuٖcB, ]uV#u:vnp?\3On{"qGȁGa:h e4lL,&/aष\r*!W\*_!r}`}JkV+k* ٱReB,[sR4S 9cMx_n/mc)d_̅Q| W_"lBO|D8q t (_p^P 4Ñ}ȍu7-4vන.tч }x[;[)}xXi%XYvF:Oku/%ŵy[R/F#ڹЋ'5+{nU|P^_[r9?,? Ft:<%Gq5_x o..3>ahSanYz 7il#lz3e v!tflݕEg 3ƺ|źyO}xg'nVe3iz|1g|u$c؝)@!o مdʹ02,ʞ# f9=4Ohw9?e..Yg\%8@o:<ەB&J 4x`҃gFN6ߖ -,SŬR~Q|sI!sFyyo H.ϲUisdr /tu\^R;rޏkOl<.yzgtYeR{FEx3 ??ox 2:@ĞQd4{Fc)#j/E*]k,/Ɔl}iz|gaw<-݁s7{}&8X"" 36+Ͳ̘y۴6_)YoHҞcDbez÷c^1O=yg[sy|; 'NY.G[+ʾClNvO>Uwa갑vLN!rG+ʂwa{aQN؛-4oW7 -`7]HXHDz@exlN8 9 AV 7՟(ͻa$Gsi}ujGa\œ[~ v_mVP +xRw3<90%0HO2/u 6C:y8.mul.㤞FpwHn2|NT<n)elβZuxr |[q;ICN-f2~AܶX-{>r;ct;swm Ƞ.YV)qT^M7-zbe)w{w:*X!R宯PKh{:js޻oSxǤ)Ļ^,U[ 4sQTyc]|'uC=;|MjNwyWc+/JgpLxW_XfHq*‹ۭRxއԆޱܾP=vڀG/x/)O>unJ4V#Y#^wL>XY,K %{",#ɿ>.2N+;W=>+c{vx=nt:͔WD5#oPf=GY-xN@4zo0vR_t?pʂwmś+H{` )^imZk8XQ^WQ7:MMr.H.F,n>-ŏg߭;kܷy8+WVʹ/)fIuݖﶝq-?2bnQd8W0mL·96!3n!31 zx Gcc ;X+z?8]ʦZYq*uem9<5-iq<y4%>1'^sqޏs101oہ|R&Ȏ4g4bד/1{a\wQ3O}b}n@KZr_7|S~~MуewwyĝVȲ6*yz`_lyv8}vyvX#s{uہ4l["bGbnƏv12#`NX7Ļ9>gyF_qZ|W 7ʱpy[+Zv`6\/ \b[^M*Sr,xZ=H߂)T=~'S8#OK 0jӻěy-}s3U`=6掆Wr8/wᦕxNqx `.cv8p#qw;N=; GsOJ2FSsvpS~XiGo$u{= t8$MQ8ԳZ|ܱX"?&A|c@aw 7 wYg{GJ{>|8fG)G~M>I˪!7z]4Swԓ"*"@s{[i>9߹( !=ׂ}|FNkDDn!\}}g>6YO#,KdM5,4-y|ct^S>p7@uwYtN(?GA)ثD;?V犞r7k҅68wG_#ɢ3x2BvTCq{Y |kbOyzK>4|-q'p\hY! i5Gp|5=ե?Aޟl~;Hq[>zo!OF76Ryf("'L]Ke"h/qd~t&fpϯ3> `Ў%|;}踬`ʁE6M(Ru')ܦ~y{Gާ{h_c%o]:Ͼۄ&'ōclr, 7;>=l'}v-_>~ZvoFڌ7ϝp`>qw ; L4L/4 Ӹ?xu@Ƀ-c B(@|ܜ і{{ѻ%c?8Wջ@D;޳2&붝Ҿ._r/wYn? <G ΜK7*S' 뒺}BD-.MZ{0' ={-%?PEK⽣'XZaě%j.ŋBb3)vB8T}oqǨV]v"*lu67Sv^Ga`+ޱ̀?MmCHG*;4Ƕm Em#NiMoyVruġe@ ;=@^A^%b! P0;ޕz1|露e< мQpx_5O%iMau0n_\+&L1\mZ#./ F0lה|+-Ez~/zN5k {űLV\OSӪen;c28c\>ȹ,w"Cu/8W|A_qc;;%O ;}o}9=fg^4{렌VFתwcm諽x9 )y+yr!'4VcɂVH={̏f:4t~Aqcqm@z"@^p3YcN g1Gϗ_ 1a|dž{;(65<;=^럎׷7>ݔWߋ5wU3c{ZNi|*|f_7{d}VzO(x3|rG;w?kHרUeYɻWzލyS_t:ޯ5uwbtzt?x֎N x'hJec /ŗ:^/u_x)R|y֎_~˲ojĿxLK/Rǻ8/uY }}4/?xCB_=wiKe}x)R|RK񥎗KH%~2J% zQ#QEB|\*7TʍKmuÿe"&'}^} ^?*7Tʍ|~)D= oYVJEy~Q8FQZF{5 zus$NxQ!u‹9Վ(_RQK# )E}GDsj7xOIE}t )ևw=כ70w4z7+7m>{{"kh {$p&절fZ?)j{~`zzm4<Z^ZMh| 7:#EܛYʲ OJO]ЧYk'Xz҄g}MGTA2>u3o{}|[OG'm}T ++ORxx<xw"M]ާd|$.^Ux5zWr̗r|4_b ~O|)^C'SWfMMjkՎZb?+r?VыƁjыr{|Kb |«ыz5GNVxX'X҃Tb;Γ|QuKrURxdžv|N HEkc||N{h3󐚑It|$/z#v,<ԍ~1ϡG!椣dbpu n0o|<Ϲ.s :ik|-Jr|T>}IW9is˔ƽfg'd:^ډU0|Js ?$"9EEl\||!4ۊeW獋{._+>~kyqڹ8)#?O{5Wqi5Z~pRK^m3a`2Y3>818lNt_8O)yv^"_K~O]IC=l*E[j2#1dVsoVmneu:ݻԯkt]7[Mn*O2#:}MFq}D;7`y 'YiC#beaphneuCtz_*F9Z;KV>O q=In$#l>ĩ[m{Bm|2.38ϗHN<./%o/d۽3Os˯sߒ/;_x|W[ "ڙc߱疇3ڙ{xdڨt˅8[gyiLb9l~|E=oLz%J{P[&)$alq|l@4*PٟV 4A1p*KɰRUm#V}@WQ/ X]V{Qe`mk_ky`~LEWh_.kFw9!~'s3Y~CFS7 iyO>\3'UC;/a>O(ׯ$(m_O/S[E/L5g8 ` uo㓟OCqE1-3 MtbX0STn=ԕ?SeJo-ܔV_+OHޖ u٩s:[r]#\~g;|׳߶)54KnV]uP|nQ|9Rμp01C{6h6Ɉ§<nuyN9uy[!5[3G dN~+عMɾ4A瞸]Ho2,}~hOͭd /PMio-0Zr3[>[tGGY=q9tp40y"~.?* M0d#A8lz}@@i\◎<XaipwP-8nC1_@$O.:0! |,@6.zc<|MӺ@>4Cu3&/rF=8E0ڹD.>?n};Rgj9/ϯD`h]{Kwio_.pvG9;ğ))2^#< HN'qy|ss۪WAeg$AV['qGE)<\0g җj0gd!~Ooǟ4o^waxѲ|тzz$kEjOWw*>acl.fc\r=U}d$ʞEDѻѝljs85L 9 -/d_ʩ.x6<۽ͣWW{w`)KLLyW$xvz=G4='mqVb\9*ca9ߥ>->3?rW3^zQ?hIveꘐ=c)Kdĸ\?o/]vOjCZ|<-7.vOmP&JCB=aXY>9u)' Ul5cr]U~<ۧU}^d\8޺sj-ȳ(l$ͿVZ oNydS+-c{^w{Hbw66l>7 <.8!}ٖJss7_/`K_G[}HVlG3Ju;J`EebKKsL WRdKy_ٓTJԖ`<"׽ȖZ:޺' [J^eK]tn'%S;C29jY2>X2>M)SsCehaPj{b4s)|?>.=/ΥMvUKmPC䄰탼ͣ(o}Ҷ*Znlz r8q>cdN琰}si>'slݣ}~Ohn:d,WWlV\"uca^3Gr| |cs-[4˒}_}R1,ۧ}r˫3>74>鹔|R^e>}Iɨ_5yEۇn݀,n>_s3kdKoӝM};놝6]EK^P:E,95+C8s=pC;Gߐ?Apv`S(r)ͭrB6]rMM|* R~nDere<4Pr8IuQ9^uO{^þh>/A+]Mz4#4b~ .p' =Ւ%G_GH8 |`®[Y/{9#{/;FFGFCg>6|_8x8oyKeZMKp"?]yq>#t {pGY]A< `L< 6X%it/@cݳC( GF%Սyk?)wÿ-~#h`3_G}01vCx pp-#8;h!#pHC.Ќt IG.5=|gٺ,`\hCަ ^2@ݸ61 kh(*ηx-,,63 ãäå U(t) – ôóíêöèÿ íàïðÿæåíèÿ îò âðåìåíè, ðåãèñòðèðóåìàÿ âîëüòìåòðîì V, îïèñûâàþùàÿ ïðîöåññ, êîòîðûé ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðåçóëüòàòîì âîçäåéñòâèÿ èçìåðèòåëü- íîãî òîêà I(t) íà ÁÀÒ, ðåãèñòðèðóåìîãî ìèêðîàìïåðìåòðîì А  . Ïðîöåäóðà èçìåðåíèÿ àñèììåòðèè ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ ÁÀÒ èìååò ñëåäóþùèé âèä: íà ÁÀÒ ïîäàþò òîê îòðèöàòåëüíîé ïîëÿðíîñòè âåëè÷èíîé 15 ìêÀ, çàòåì, ïîñëå òîãî êàê çíà÷åíèå íàïðÿæåíèÿ ïåðåõîäèò â óñòàíîâèâøèéñÿ ðåæèì, ïîäàþò òîê ïîëîæè- òåëüíîé ïîëÿðíîñòè âåëè÷èíîé 15 ìêÀ. Îòñ÷¸ò íàïðÿæåíèÿ (ò.å. îïðåäåëåíèå ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ) â îáîèõ ñëó÷àÿõ äåëàþò â óñòàíîâèâøåìñÿ ðåæèìå. Åñëè ïîëíîå âðåìÿ èçìåðåíèÿ îáîçíà÷èòü êàê и t è ïðèíÿòü, äëÿ ïðîñòîòû, ÷òî äëèòåëüíîñòè èçìåðåíèÿ ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ íà òîêàõ ðàçíîé ïîëÿðíîñòè ðàâíû, òî èçìåðèòåëüíûé òîê ìîæíî ïðåäñòàâèòü ñëåäóþùåé ôóíêöèîíàëüíîé çàâèñèìîñòüþ:            2 t t I 2 I ) t ( I И m m , (3) çäåñü m I – àìïëèòóäíîå çíà÷åíèå òîêà (15 ìêÀ); ) t (  – åäèíè÷íàÿ ôóíêöèÿ Õåâèñàéäà. Ïîñëå èçìåðåíèÿ àñèììåòðèè ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ ðàçðÿä åìêîñ- òåé ýëåêòðîäà è êîæè (êëþ÷ Ê2), ïðè ýòîì òîê â öåïè ïîäâåðæåí ñâîáîäíûì èçìåíåíèÿì, òîãäà êàê íàïðÿæåíèå ñî ñòîðîíû åìêîñòíûõ ýëåêòðîäîâ îïðåäåëå- íî è ðàâíî íóëþ. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, â ýòîò âðåìåííîé ïðîìåæóòîê ïðîèñõîäèò ïåðåðàñïðåäåëåíèå ýíåðãèè, çàïàñ¸ííîé â ýêâèâàëåíòíûõ åìêîñòÿõ ýëåêòðîäà è êîæè. Ïîýòîìó âûðàæåíèå (3) ñïðàâåäëèâî äëÿ âðåìåííîãî èíòåðâàëà [0; и t ]. Ïîäñòàâèì ôóíêöèþ òîêà îò âðåìåíè (3) â óðàâíåíèå ýëåêòðè÷åñêîãî ðàâíîâåñèÿ öåïè (2) è íàéä¸ì ôóíêöèþ èçìåíåíèÿ íàïðÿæåíèÿ ñî ñòîðîíû åìêîñòíûõ ýëåêòðîäîâ U(t):                                                                         К К И К К C R 2 t t К m И Э m ВН Э m И t С R 1 К m Э m ВН Э m e 1 R I 2 2 t t C I 2 R R I 2 2 t t е 1 R I t C I R R I ) t ( U . (4) Òåïåðü îïðåäåëèì äîçó ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ýíåðãèè W, ïîäâåäåííîé ê ÁÀÒ ïðè èçìåðåíèè àñèììåòðèè å¸ ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ. Äëÿ ýòîãî âîçüì¸ì èíòåãðàë íà âðå- ìåííîì èíòåðâàëå [0; и t ] îò ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ âûðàæåíèé (3) è (4), â ðåçóëüòàòå ïîëó÷èì                            3 e e 4 C R I C 2 t I С 2 1 R R t I W К К И К К И С R t С R 2 t К 2 К 2 m Э 2 И 2 m Э К ВН И 2 m . (5) Ñëåäóåò îæèäàòü, ÷òî ïîäâåäåííàÿ è ïîãëîù¸ííàÿ ýëåêòðè÷åñêàÿ ýíåðãèÿ îòëè÷àþòñÿ íåçíà÷èòåëüíî. Äàäèì êîëè÷åñòâåííóþ îöåíêó âåëè÷èíû ïîãëîù¸í- íîé ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ýíåðãèè ÁÀÒ âî âðåìÿ èçìåðåíèÿ àñèììåòðèè å¸ ñîïðîòèâëå- íèÿ ïî âûðàæåíèþ, ïîëó÷åííîìó äëÿ äîçû ïîäâåäåííîé ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ýíåðãèè ê ÁÀÒ (5). Äëÿ ýòîãî ïðèìåì, ÷òî 500 R ВН  Îì, 250 R K  êÎì, 5 , 0 C K  ìêÔ, 015 , 0 C Э  ìêÔ, 15 I m  ìêÀ, 2 t И  ñ, ïîëó÷èì W=15,1 ìÄæ. Ýòà ñóììàðíàÿ ýíåðãèÿ ñîîòâåòñòâóåò ñðåäíåé ìîùíîñòè ïîäâîäèìîé ê ÁÀÒ, ðàâíîé 7,55 ìÂò. Äàííàÿ âåëè÷èíà íàõîäèòñÿ â òåðàïåâòè÷åñêîì äèàïàçîíå ìîùíîñòåé, èñïîëüçó- åìûõ â öâåòîïóíêòóðå. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ïðè èçìåðåíèè àñèììåòðèè ñîïðîòèâëå- 36xpTBHf첁v[Ҩ & A~UA ` Cm*j ,XE3AlB " "KsKnRt^/sνsλo1 b H Kd"]dE.fY&__$oxp"CS?P,8:=ѪSWKu<܊Pq,?a-Gr/ڹOf8wVv09vo](b)vD% _t<u`ex{PFY. 2A9^ ᳬby.Jϑ7Tt6 .{o 0K>sBuB! ~ |^6إ;rs~03ȵ~?ֻ'=vwFm¶;zkRjjj4uVfI:mb|=yfZ%-m{Lq`4\Us=3(Wyg1Ke3EVȋcd t[csg/լ? ^Ki1L)vLNIsN,[fr8ʶ7@??jow\O$㔧v 5XKFSW@k'4&qcMJe{{|;zr..baֽ*\c*}&h[3\h^r\^2ƿ/cSn;׿Ü)۱R> Ri7??~=_clܐ*JUVlWA/ oO`$7B0'O[7\wGvuZTrU*uhga߼ =-mfӡBGb4_Wa h@3@ ߊ(a,t|4El=e k--4wԹ[UH6P rm^5GY 0:!y|dioɜބ3/7+џHRjI>A,۳]vkhV$G~w0L@L'Qh}%#c.5'}\QSpX @L anj,#mFjA͵гAs>Dd7clz\~4ދ: ]v~\߂'1]}y=SK]t,A$I1=gޞN݃ez:EO'R=(=(CuOY'ΩVC/b%]c lՀ^8H%ck|$}$3ؿFG 8u)*ӈ/)=H?̊o3'Nb8뜷%7oXU} ߓ#n\l"y乗TEq6r=Ψߛ|n7YޙKZ~{AG嗱ޖʜV܁]&Vt%nỾ{[Wp6 ցYg}j%<j؊}E*o"Pk1 z&Y{2d~A]GNڣwR6F/cz鬣ic :6Z_(}=:{ܻ4{4=L3NhYR%όN':/]~oshc*niجo#KF~5SNSs+tsj μt{q{}5u??~#G?~.g#G?w!Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:45  țLj k1(16t2/Λ1  {x Eu&DLLH`D H/1L6E4J"JiFA|uԹZ;NL,!DjCSn%{(H_Is9gϞ㶅>tM[ .g P\¨C(.!!E7Zxt+^wƅgN?md8SpCPH1J׆ҿNT^.˯Uf7(MPO6]_kэTeMv]J*/.c_X9BJJ~"E~ ?T[z%Ƣne2} ~X 8ayդun;so aR`q~qyoL3lߓEsĎQ7L~бeb虴(Ha`S_P~Eqt}y ~+9>?ιyaʨ5Ieۮ;vpAهZ>>/wLI9m~{E6#zOz J)jj='}7> G[J/h+K+[*eS~^n x?lyx*yi>|T#~O8B͛kۄ&cF$]S6W*6獼Xl|r|ΙmV>\\Mrl6u9JFwIݶ vw Vg]m=a(Ž%tŰQ+EFa6nAd=*ץT/ 1ۦ:T^~%X'yQvʻcGJ/csd@9Aw菪45eC:#gnzn#P7it\߼D]0OKm>trdl K›C~:F:Uy5$mu):=m 2Yia+#v]tcYcF &)Y֡ed\9Y?5rtg4]tjZ`O;ؓh)unI= 6wIkx.byJRWaj^QwYIЭu>UGT[YvOiGCzٟAgkAf?8=ZfYAMan-/iy +dg9!\[W)98׳݆Q}$7oʮMWmܾanv.e mQOyz7 Z{B9xꆿ~R,{AOnw +2G̸3QvX2 m*O e~9O=CC[7WЩL MﱁخP>_?C0h.>\_2}8u{uZ'4ExKC jpv\_qb/-EJc$5l_בߋ90vkN[ѵ/\q[8V\(X߾sn[$랝|sy7TkbROcNڻ4F3.]#6MX憅niݹM utF~FP +h[vNo0zxҤm蠺GދKΕ~s<{>})™s*U5onޒO' բ`+"_mq\.!eza-~m9 Z)l ycg~%[g+s|ڞRNIƌnput9yi;ivB_kdq{s>{rҊONHֹI8u$~h2K'bo)kǭV@Nw䟒SV|U@Y{R㓦'qF4G[$ 6c^Wik{tWGwWxOP/:mĈ)k݃~t|8^{>5~`z_9z\w͖PWkubu gpM'J3' %쌄9N^ۦ!4E,>g֋~$ϕӞ>u(?+ H[}ǡ&gOD=8)=yO[@guRS{nĵw|s#4ʩ| w`)˽]}i]JѿQș_}zm̾'LS̞ʇ.f_(ga?]uɑS^]J+!(2~ycvW" uZ7}srź5'>ҿY_İ:=ן>~1@c5X9؄~)6&ԛ-96z8 }tlHڱ`wd;`ܲFc\A=| %\n!u?ɉk|oRg>k>"`$N&TQyv759V3ؤg풞2^v;Wp|6֧ƽgil2b̖jmrNQt:s =xMo=AǙ'p】z"f}v6ל *}+,:l`m[m?/=7:mݼ]'s;F?mt`)>)|AxʟgB#Wˈݺ2̲B^uazp:_'{I:$\Bg Z_9kɳo0y91k`9+4m` Gnz 3-1e著(O$$LC;9>7׆5}%3rT_spx+p:R]y CT>`53K\!Z_?=pJssb9?J~yhu_a[9JQ;M^qݸX~)Vz`b%c%_Xכun+J~?Eޯ[\)%u(?;pkq:U}(qO~5%Q#7g'' qCm #&m9>Acx 5yh3Ss: <Y/A(m q',@q?m {fD7͝FZ{$)Noe4{] 7Ƀ"t{5x*̪vuzc=ӆcqiޮM,u.8﹦SIcn80op5=7Sc+؏OTB?ep$dd5rut24x˜zsi×INCKVMcO+r/9~vG4mͲ))=#'%l+=5қZVDg{0róP|@+6As t38po ~Jng +z}wI^__PzlylAxNg C].RR}U㚥W]:u"Y+ dK &NdzJ#G#ay&a4WX᚟<\߈fE=b 9r@F$ʭd XkMNN9=ehyui(0Z%'D;[Nzl[Ǧ9Ǧ9lE>);DۡlPȅylLG?k'л鸶6ЁuO}ڳu6/hL>שG>>s~UuM9 ?NϻbTtXӉSF H1 e7 8jOxQC>V/[syQM-{M34%5-Huw?<pB2wMzZCμܖy }]Jk}ӽ :߄IOH;ЭqOJG,z-\8/aEvx{=DF-;!~ڊ- UgY~ھq;w'~m%%֩|O;Vu~SR^4^aȬψ:vRŊxnp .{g BLg!dBC^ӹF\۾;hu8mq\V(AcF A⶜ =9s}`\>CsM|}pߜgW^]͂PE;U FK4?'_osⱟ˕/R'V ~~.ns.a$򁬯y#c)}]W^CUb8Lw:{\|no9.f5{LbGs:ׇ11 80@g8}=Y#7>7-ػD['ᚿ^8QωB6[yLji:eWOHOP{IX|,S38C]'~۴ NT%uFn:ɧ(yn8Y2hʱ? >. O֩k4֩g{5!5f>A1vdV7[{H<3EC.ю$|:AWQPv5khuYԔ:&'>:Np=ǡgO3蝪i1xlIθs-rxn1w=C>cлM`2>sf3kaS A~8P:ӑW2癦ONR-oa7_}^,nfcpkc-/|NܭKR!` /}@upXW5K3?Ms~3hXG W`&Wcqls@>6˖'_۵iܴd>q0ףF͇6\~c (aZ~\Mk`ȦNWYϒ? J,p"}qwsv_>U$8ms=?/ t9e۵67i܌Ru,P޿-a}Qb ;?9R__*_j`_/T39yO|#Μ2C>k726|:uy;7G௕3*gpP"V>O5$e?gئ/6C,,Oi_EF)iZV׿^Ҏ_Wg7~ {UQjqʓ;DpyA7D(+8&hm& 顅vgcx/ʾONs:ys^ :nOx&A;8- 7ia3!:nݪJsdg4ֆﱓrE.\#+u7ʃr w  !K׫BƙWwm#tU`>b3*)"},K+6FH_վSO *TPbcr`9צ!g0o)>M߼B&6xt'xƓ)FJj:]rxj=fZ[6ΝgLf/o_e?y }j<0x ꂣ>0׳5]&'A_(9n>o϶zy p`e>R9%\yrg ]0|MRs,- =]{YL,#I`j!װ#?Y_ۿu89QНD߮ >SLU;=Yߓ"ISDD9صнtnOl K lɯ[q|I z{կ6Kc81N≺q.<-G«pWspȞG?^(3+m/'q&}:Am-[p3QiLN{4{͓hw/)ˆ7l_AO#'OE霨l9EY_o CC_Ke5Vpkgyas[/Pxd~f]JޮWӽ֧y.;H~7F ;Mq$Oo˓//5iOƩxW|J+!d@'#ˈ2t+늺 ZOJO3_  C{<<_Zر]\nˮkR=l}%?p^EF VDxF#d;v{A3^%߅eɛ[xS8QS76SM8+c7uc\.[nr{fo[">=CSL]C˹n߯'?.<)g$txcNMǸYfSz5 tԡ>4?HeZC]RnK6\bC vhp?xژu=%sUzQI1iBW;ҝt.5:\C;s8s"䂜rƵeJoWBNLé2sڜ.QK}z݆ycSԁ/eҪct&W[Mu:^+2t>#ys:c ޾ުJ;`skjxJ8-D 3=[%HDn򣌍~q#,)Yk/"[ʮciE=¼ \err.B?l瘜5@8/Զm!+UM؂vya~1Ct2uL1T׀hFQ?ce?T]xWU)VIk'cg|;6D)#+r##>n}PF!o`uZ@.{¦+=Bn^RCpCY h YZ1+mSʪoDu^)y:!G,o4XOICPצAWl`7$Kttۿ* Nmt WP=&+Y N<|"3NrGGB&~2L\kdjLC;i죡L/7LߪNCl!k:*\%rNPWIζ=u2XYڴIJZrl2 :ybmcqe,rᰁ.{UN>]5ca\1z\[:ۜi_V] <8mgYoPϜ}mWI~YBdpOR*NwgwŽz;3N=fMn#3`ԣlZrtT3ܸVЇ۠ -9<N}I:x0>Jۂ2_\ GۯkRm6Wu:^%УfwsogiK4~TE eĸ?c&.)CC,HȒ:5rYZ8e$1}0t敷iu1K|Ζb~2[glk;.;,,!64 íèÿ îêàçûâàåòñÿ âîçäåéñòâèå íà ÁÀÒ, ñðàâíèìîå ïî ìîùíîñòè ñ öâåòîïóíêòóð- íûì. Åãî âëèÿíèå íà ðåçóëüòàòû èçìåðåíèÿ ìîæíî ñíèçèòü, óìåíüøèâ èçìåðè- òåëüíûé òîê èëè óâåëè÷èâ âðåìåííîé èíòåðâàë ìåæäó äâóìÿ ñîñåäíèìè èçìåðå- íèÿìè. Äàòü êîëè÷åñòâåííóþ îöåíêó ðåæèìà ðàçäåëåíèÿ ðåàëüíîãî âðåìåíè ïðîöåññîâ äèàãíîñòèêè è âîçäåéñòâèÿ ìîæíî èñïîëüçóÿ ñëåäóþùåå ñîîòíîøåíèå: в ср и и ср в P t P t   , (6) çäåñü в t – ìèíèìàëüíî äîïóñòèìîå âðåìÿ âîçäåéñòâèÿ ñâåòîì íà ÁÀÒ, ïðè êîòîðîì åù¸ âûïîëíÿåòñÿ óñëîâèå ïðåîáëàäàíèÿ ñóììàðíîé ïîãëîù¸ííîé ñâåòî- âîé ýíåðãèè íàä ñóììàðíîé ïîãëîù¸ííîé ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ýíåðãèåé â  ðàç; и ср Р – ñðåäíÿÿ ïîãëîù¸ííàÿ ìîùíîñòü âîçäåéñòâèÿ èçìåðèòåëüíîãî òîêà íà òêàíè; в ср Р – ñðåäíÿÿ ïîãëîù¸ííàÿ òêàíÿìè ìîùíîñòü âîçäåéñòâóþùåãî ñâåòîâîãî ïîòîêà. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíî ÷åðåäóÿ ïðîöåññû ñâåòîâîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ íà ÁÀÒ è äèôôåðåíöèàëüíîé äèàãíîñòèêè å¸ ñîñòîÿíèÿ ñ ó÷¸òîì ñîîòíîøåíèÿ (6), ìîæíî äîçèðîâàòü âîçäåéñòâèå â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ñîñòîÿíèÿ êîíêðåòíîé ÁÀÒ, à çíà÷èò, îïðåäåëÿòü ÎÒÄ. Èñïîëüçîâàíèå ïðåäëàãàåìîãî ïîäõîäà èçìåðåíèÿ äîçû ýíåðãèè, âîçäåéñòâóþ- ùåé íà ÁÀÒ ïðè ïðîâåäåíèè öâåòîïóíêòóðû è ïðè êîíòðîëå å¸ ðåçóëüòàòîâ, ïîçâîëèò îáúåêòèâèçèðîâàòü äèàãíîñòèêó ëå÷åáíîãî âëèÿíèÿ è êîëè÷åñòâåííî îïðåäåëÿòü îïòèìàëüíóþ òåðàïåâòè÷åñêóþ äîçó ïðè âîçäåéñòâèè ñâåòîì îïðåäå- ë¸ííîãî öâåòà, ÷òî äàñò âîçìîæíîñòü óìåíüøèòü îáëó÷åíèå ÁÀÒ â ëå÷åáíûõ öåëÿõ â êàæäîì êîíêðåòíîì ñëó÷àå. Ñïèñîê ëèòåðàòóðû: 1. Ïàðàí³÷ À. Â. òà ³í. Ôëóîðåñöåíòí³ äîñë³äæåííÿ òêàíèííî ñïåöèô³÷íî¿ ä³¿ ëàçåðíîãî âèïðîì³íþâàííÿ // Ôîòîá³îëîã³ÿ òà ôîòîìåäèöèíà. 2001. ¹1,2. Ñ. 30-32. 2. Ñàìîéëîâ Í. Ã. Ñîâðåìåííîå ñîñòîÿíèå ïðîáëåìû èçó÷åíèÿ ìåõàíèçìà äåéñòâèÿ íèçêîèíòåíñèâíîãî ëàçåðíîãî èçëó÷åíèÿ // Ôîòîáèîëîãèÿ è ôîòîìåäèöèíà. 2000. ¹1,2. Ñ. 76 - 83. 3. Ïîïîâ Â. Ä., Õîëèí Â. Â. Ëàçåðíàÿ òåðàïåâòè÷åñêàÿ àïïàðàòóðà è ïåðèôåðè÷åñêèå óñòðîéñòâà // Ôîòîáèîëîãèÿ è ôîòîìåäèöèíà. 1999. ¹1. Ñ. 83-89. 4. Øåâ÷åíêî Â. Ë. Ñîâðåìåííàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ ïîñòðîåíèÿ ëàçåðíûõ òåðàïåâòè÷åñêèõ àïïàðà- òîâ // Òàì æå, ñ. 90-96. 5. Ðîìîäàíîâà Ý. À., Áîæîê Ã. À., Áåðåæíîé À. Þ. Äîçîçàâèñèìûå èçìåíåíèÿ ïàðàìåòðîâ êðîâè ïðè îáëó÷åíèè ãåëèé - íåîíîâûì ëàçåðîì // Ôîòîáèîëîãèÿ è ôîòîìåäèöèíà. 2000. ¹1,2. Ñ. 71-75. 6. Ñàìîéëîâ Í. Ã. Ñîâðåìåííîå ñîñòîÿíèå ïðîáëåìû êîìáèíèðîâàííîãî âëèÿíèÿ íà îðãàíèçì èîíèçèðóþùåãî è ëàçåðíîãî èçëó÷åíèé // Ôîòî- áèîëîãèÿ è ôîòîìåäèöèíà. 1999. ¹1. Ñ. 51-56. 7. Ãóñåâ Â. Ã., Ãóñåâ Þ. Ì. Ýëåêòðîíèêà: Ó÷åá. ïîñîáèå äëÿ ïðèáîðîñòðîèò. ñïåö. âóçîâ. Ì.: Âûñø. øê. 1991. 622ñ. 8. Ôîìåíêî Î. Í., Ëèïàíîâ Â. Ä., ßðóòà Â. À. Êîíòðîëü â ðåæèìå ðàçäåëåíèÿ âðåìåíè è îáúåêòèâèçàöèÿ ëàçåðîòåðàïèè íà îñíîâå ðåôëåêñîäèàãíîñòèêè // Ôîòîáèîëîãèÿ è ôîòîìåäèöèíà. 2001. ¹1,2. Ñ. 105-106. 9. Ôîìåíêî Î. Í., Ëèïàíîâ Â. Ä., ßðóòà Â. À. Óíèâåðñàëèçàöèÿ èçìåðåíèé â ðåæèìå ðàçäåëåíèÿ âðåìåíè áèîýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ ïàðàìåòðîâ â àâòîìàòèçèðî- âàííûõ áèîòåõíè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåìàõ // Ñèñòåìû îáðàáîòêè èíôîðìàöèè. Ñáîðíèê íàó÷íûõ òðóäîâ. Âûï. 1 (11). ÕÔ ‘ Òðàíñïîðò Óêðà¿íè ’ , 2001. Ñ. 73-81. Ïîñòóïèëà â ðåäêîëëåãèþ 31.09.2001 Ôîìåíêî Îëåã Íèêîëàåâè÷ , ä-ð òåõí. íàóê, ïðîôåññîð êàôåäðû ÁÌÝ ÕÍÓÐÝ. Íàó÷íûå èíòåðåñû: ÀÑÓ òåõíè÷åñêîãî è ìåäèöèíñêîãî íàçíà÷åíèÿ. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, 61000, Õàðüêîâ, óë. Àõñàðîâà, 13, 224, òåë. 37-19-80. Ëèïàíîâ Âèòàëèé Äìèòðèåâè÷ , êàíä. òåõí. íàóê, äîöåíò êàôåäðû ÀÏÂÒ ÕÍÓÐÝ. Íàó÷íûå èíòåðåñû: êîìïüþòåðíûå ñèñòåìû äèàãíîñòèêè. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, 61000, Õàðüêîâ, óë. Åëèçàðîâà, 51, òåë. 15-02-45. ßðóòà Âèêòîð Àëåêñååâè÷ , àñïèðàíò êàôåäðû ÁÌÝ ÕÍÓÐÝ. Íàó÷íûå èíòåðå- ñû: áèîòåõíè÷åñêèå è ìåäèöèíñêèå àïïàðàòû è ñèñòåìû. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, 61000, Õàðüêîâ, óë. Àëåêñååâñêàÿ, 14-Á, 49, òåë. 38-13-82. .xLe{r/+p-a@Ԍ[R? j&sr\h97ulԨDP?JcNstbΫ7n;{/nw=99V*"zp&2L,yXzXP@*X< * Xq>db's2) dp#ZGNaLsJ.F vu%db'՞*.~5]dL|6?yvjo :x;{D |yd+,FWD;at~\tcc )Ќm.&{q'p-v}hs,< R|K=kNJ\\#_7n'CPs8{TMQ}T_+A õG7}k훣ֱFc旲:J-xYOe]Zu7 u _x<[Vu? ֫`v#v=1g;(h7$4ٍP0_gFrB ?f@b j$ߞJP|9~;JVS ={,_0cJ򅺦P 30;`vf0;`v/0;`vf0;`v@/1];Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:45  N *>F(162 /'T1Y|R{x E+ tpQ&tX  q45C pKPGeq2;gqe3 U0h%N+[ߪ8j:0Q@yэEzh,RZ]9Q8@a[q^UcfTN yhee WKRy@[*0u+L*/Y" WH1_-2 U=B;򚓮 -\ɓ~k?gY^83+&>C߿$l.bu=sO+Otq6V, eoy:ĦAw>)*X7.>|",(mJP"=u5ࠛyg!9[/bݼCe&8ts鸋N@7M'+)n.Q&1IMmYź((Q]X-&9|e0yF5,^ |-ZGx-nV`-Ѯf-$f-$NyG׎1r *h+Ⴅt=V{aÿ(}_X~*=(H?ݢB|9;%oS }8C+i+ xԥNErt=6]P_)튁w?X렩~X櫅F{ֻGV]-G~'ND{t/U,Rϻ=Њ`= 9|-< YGCg<2m?w}~Tٲ;>0q-1Ws3tM'ι ؏Gk?Sbq~zY.|FFݾ % vpSaCX }a†\x6l{6+<'f+pZnO~Ji'|KX`D/uegE4?s}^3) 1psrk!v9::#P\ÉE uaw{HCq]i|W:.R%clɱnJƏ ټ𜤱ERʥEAK6+^<2D;+^)d)[U -7iQ)iz̖w:pM sIJ0}b9v]ʨOE}eM9y\߲&m[i9~C &Vrm^lXZ>^PcXdFi b~g 1qI7IN =:N7m;y)'ˌܾZ io΃/ <.ٿPC)ٯVpsЋe횞w}zErue ԣmm$k0/U*S`sۣ_>A߃=Eg )S#)nlhz"&X݈ 5і|mT  Gl3W.<̨='m8xfY2/ʩp_k"o>bnDc$'!_dΜ?|PL!ܔ׫g<|˼0SJ=!\v^sY_L_AATobmh?ڂ`=m q|fedN-|uv d1MG뚎upb k[5LF{#wBz?%"uL3JVQq&^5ޅU+m:bV;=>z.~FoղT7eO+!.|`^C6OkW>4C}2.1p獇>Ӯs zzD ǜK;^ѼD*pҕ>olo^ZK7f{\['3ؤ67gaslǹ _c:[dbsirhs6;Uu{cUh4c=t&k`Mؽ%_G)LJQ﬜sM]|Ʋ%Oru`~/8p | c~w\jzC.R2 _}uw'FiB|B-:Iց:0PC64i)sg-仂uYޫ|ry9 π|g"O|lw[1NA3yk(<.x!EL=uܞ7͸>/G|B[ +tMS :G]_c:UܳS6EQ/ pZas`m-gD%f*^$Zl>wb=xc wbpc3u1M?ʈC |'o:,˘i# =b @LvܶqM H(̯!6K)TY-|ϟQ{F{ckOr_S|Nqvvr_z1(nBƅ?4y"kA?ES<'PN`.#͒g4LQ%/>-Zew`!YkSwñw5s(g:&079S5bB5#l/!"OX?:Ci!v[u۔9#_Į~pd'Y271Q){%ܔ̪ |s_Ny~7;|箶1;wVS-j.'+qr3o\oBQF8ղ=ΔYֳ'i%>?\Ckώ.HneY_^~'(#3/sK^\_Ƿb346>v޼1G <-7MIJSi=_wmy2v?kpw'=:p|#s]Xmu Ч -Q<-4#O>Y3>>J :xW1o7r?_Qti7e> KއYĶ%O :nYa%1b_GJ^QJUvLv$|=w Ї8.#KlqP%_*|Ƹ NƵJed#S. ƒWem'LNr2Sν]۬7$cB'//%c|yꠃMǸ޹n|p)7-b ۠G?W訮v0F.aݞ!Vr6{l +ï~OwE+,3(TTr@m4rm۶j۷.bt-}GY ݼ^%ᵟwŚI“O }}vIᎁYuu{M o}aQШߕ 9IS7ÜpQ{/.Z)+6LyR8OSCL=>#~y*)|]'X/,B2^Nd-$to~򍳧+mdRxFx{=ӛ"ØWn֤lv)!xqh nC.l)r /M^<'4Rf)z]QU/:x3#z?ڍ:xxϐ72޵j72R)XnWʠqlHػW] #mbx_QOыv|/u#CjW-Yubz[6%Ebp /y)xOv /ߜ:x QoQ-pŵ c9kTθF᫰6 !|mzI[~Ui1Vًީ³\[N-AuZY/ֵj]Von7\c=Ic|0yc*E"|sW^5#_Mԫ=O||| _vzEVvJ䷮S[rEƖb@ Іx-uޑ,9)wޏ#r 'FޭMp /bY5S4;<奼}ҁ-&NĦh_Mw$}_WQⴾO7ԛ+Xɏv.M%GpM%\-{V[1* o_V!|D{TƷ8_vN)e)`Qz z\Ww_v+ӳ>wNWe;1^}Rl_ؿ uٓls]yڡ?<|rK;I!OD>>fXbۓXkCjv7oo>oӊYRdr|Y7FM /u^ăvZ ZbqOew7Rw{RSxqK̙&;~1s;}Ǖ#;7r~-*]@O=Oct+W7L Os+Kj]JJ_y^uC}GobV) 4SNnB|AkP*stG'3Q#VSz{8Sd9; B}m}5h0Nd/^S> yg?_-Y(*Us먣Sa< ;F ]_+۫ouKݘ)uR:5\뤦.N&5/=Y Wʫ?{hۃ/=9/&zs yqM~G^nVIe!HWP\P#syfJH1Y')W}jA_ѓ,{]yˁ7x*˼ oiAgIa!O|F~yp'+0^/T]5&`\ gKyf^<"OtTf}_| EϤNN/~cʘ_\q/iy_fvi?02tۡؗUٸ y-*V5e?S^ed^z=CM>Lj|xP/ 3 |2ݒKߡөPMЅ>GSYnlNRHQwzNC;>X؇[(~:x ̕GR(5R2+lz|,B,7tp>K蘛}vJ>F=>*>;%}T?^U֪|. 4X!}]B|^׶m8^>T_2˿@mgK;XwUov`ͷ?úM 8k;58-G>CP7%m^ as{BU({Ee݂xu7&^&ˮěn'=opE Xsng[|Iy)qٷğ1 8(׏O)k3~?<)&ĻDU^WDi#[Tx_CR\xԇT{7QA)>ǤgĿ~N|45ysKqH?'NFN-|oUω{?}Bumӏ#??_qy~N9G^|ƚWQ̾R?&e7 ܳ3I-ꢭ5ڢ%ۢG̟v[x^rN^,4Or./V<[!O{^tbpmV Xb3ki>mg=7% [ }^~0e7c)K4K{Vs~w*`Wd^JyV*Zrǁs{4v#mv{d|>~i_C==w^כ|+u{ 4X^6Sz٥(ė[|nyNYq~;2_r6\ gU<q\߼2xK U\{O+?7~F﯃*%=] kw@ƻ=}_krB4׵ڍ:x8iXQbzk%)zPNL /sz`6:xEr^,_Nj_$&-q=^<䈥㽩88^˭k4^<8DZWjQJ7ۍrvi{x#ɍ߲Iw^<ܼVbziv5-Kb /3‹}z*nmײlPT=;,vwXzuCt>jni_gjgW sb};ʰio>h=?OHn1#G:GwyehJhyژYj^<_SQmwFOܭ6ȿa܋zè77;}%^?pzt‹XI3F~OU9в\^o}Fe7kL6mw-y4r~w*H/ύTa}~sۦE?8G<7|g5Q*>T"a);_>'`cBwҺ&e &W-y. f|KkڹSs䓊soo[@Y^Qva;_*JWH}#c':cq7F{{?W_y{ dګNƋP /A˜37 Z~í;!Lm#x$zxOȿIGw pOUѦ}uG˜g0<_ҺRʫmZRxJ&・hޢx]7)_NNnA$9ecӤ5= xT+t]ƯBr=#_1um=K7%p{rb)߮1i?G!18C{]s]Rz[$+.5iww旈 +4^7co򟎅_~X X,W g:xjR=ʍBBOU"[㷺'S5|۽M ZqbxU:Eoq4Iubzd/Wk!ڭDN'LыIuRx8ěk4bq\FNC]lj-@~"Pʿ /I>| IwHwSo.,~(Klʹ;yM?:Z玧KԣޮXܑo Q/'mֿpL}Ƈ#g:l4[zĜN8KK|֕xHٓMn_QM/.=Y)ZH_#66_QF41c,h?>S.p=BS'ߨBttuŖrnT\ZwsnOu83jҙ|‡3ў^Aԫ}mEH]*nLbhhV /}R^L:xr}K]r7Ys3ac3؎ھVC|*^(cc Q/ W X}ŷ{0Uΰx=q4x^H;ZZp Z4_sVP AdY Tȕ~tӳK4^ENtrXE;yU`]^\cEg4QHRax-X\R>nR$K>Q}^x;H}g]{gǯEckENo '(a 1NuENkcxw2évc=>CQǮ~a0;=Eoޥ*t*]r}O8›Y/5ͳ"zމG{m߻ЫDx6n3)=M|ޤ:)/s߈9Gx_:{&XUw3"'{*=mmU{ ܳwkuo1P[\u# M5iel~ۦE۵3_g ;cG{KVf% kF:`QM,b#IEZ&KbyS+W(,,65 ÓÄÊ 681.513 Â.Â. ÊÎËÎÄ߯ÍÛÉ ÑÀÌÎÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÓÞÙÀßÑß ÍÅÉÐÎ-ÔÀÇÇÈ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈß Ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ ñèñòåìà óïðàâëåíèÿ íåëèíåéíûìè îáúåêòàìè, îñíîâàííàÿ íà íå÷åòêîé íåéðîñåòåâîé ìîäåëè è îáëàäàþùàÿ ñïîñîáíîñòüþ ñàìîîðãàíèçàöèè è ñàìîîáó÷åíèÿ â ðåàëüíîì âðåìåíè. Äëÿ ñèíòåçà çàêîíà óïðàâëåíèÿ èñïîëüçóåò- ñÿ ëîêàëüíàÿ ëèíåàðèçàöèÿ ñèñòåìû íå÷åòêèõ ïðàâèë. Ñòðóêòóðà ñèñòåìû ãàðàíòèðóåò îòñóòñòâèå ñòàòè÷åñêîé îøèáêè óïðàâëåíèÿ. Èìèòàöèîííîå ìîäå- ëèðîâàíèå ïîäòâåðæäàåò ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ðàçðàáîòàííûõ àëãîðèòìîâ ïðè óï- ðàâëåíèè íåëèíåéíûì îáúåêòîì. 1. Ââåäåíèå Øèðîêèé êëàññ îáúåêòîâ óïðàâëåíèÿ õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ íåëèíåéíîñòüþ, ñòðóê- òóðíîé è ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêîé íåîïðåäåëåííîñòüþ, íåñòàöèîíàðíîñòüþ. Ïðèìåðàìè òàêèõ îáúåêòîâ ìîãóò ñëóæèòü ðàçëè÷íûå ðîáîòîòåõíè÷åñêèå óñòðîéñòâà, ìåõàò- ðîííûå óçëû, ãèäðî- è ýëåêòðîïðèâîäû. Äëÿ èõ óïðàâëåíèÿ íåîáõîäèìû ðåãóëÿ- òîðû, íå òðåáóþùèå çíà÷èòåëüíûõ âû÷èñëèòåëüíûõ çàòðàò, ïîñêîëüêó ñèñòåìû óïðàâëåíèÿ òàêèìè îáúåêòàìè, êàê ïðàâèëî, ðåàëèçóþòñÿ íà ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàí- íûõ êîíòðîëëåðàõ ñ îãðàíè÷åííûìè âû÷èñëèòåëüíûìè ðåñóðñàìè.  òî æå âðåìÿ ðåàëèçóåìûå çàêîíû óïðàâëåíèÿ äîëæíû îáåñïå÷èâàòü âûñîêóþ òî÷íîñòü è èìåòü âûñîêóþ ñêîðîñòü àäàïòàöèè â íåñòàöèîíàðíûõ óñëîâèÿõ.  ñòàòüå ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ ñàìîîðãàíèçóþùàÿñÿ ñèñòåìà óïðàâëåíèÿ íà îñíîâå íåéðî-ôàççè ìîäåëè, èìåþùàÿ âûñîêóþ ñêîðîñòü îáó÷åíèÿ è ïîçâîëÿþùàÿ ðåàëèçîâàòü çàêîíû óïðàâëåíèÿ ñóùåñòâåííî íåëèíåéíûìè îáúåêòàìè â óñëîâè- ÿõ íåîïðåäåëåííîñòè îòíîñèòåëüíî ñòðóêòóðû è ïàðàìåòðîâ îáúåêòà. 2. Ñèñòåìà óïðàâëåíèÿ Ïóñòü îáúåêò óïðàâëåíèÿ îïèñûâàåòñÿ ðàçíîñòíûì óðàâíåíèåì âèäà ) k ( )) n k ( ,u , ) 1 k ( ,u ) n k ( ,y , ) 1 k ( y ( f ) k ( y B A          , (1) ãäå ) k ( ), k ( u ), k ( y  – ñèãíàëû âûõîäîâ, óïðàâëåíèé è íåíàáëþäàåìûõ âîçìóùåíèé ñîîòâåòñòâåííî â äèñêðåòíûé ìîìåíò âðåìåíè ,... 2 , 1 , 0 k  ; f – íåêîòîðàÿ ôóíêöèî- íàëüíàÿ çàâèñèìîñòü, â îáùåì ñëó÷àå íåèçâåñòíàÿ. Ïðåäïîëàãàåòñÿ, ÷òî âîçìóùåíèå ) k (  ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ñëó÷àéíóþ âåëè÷è- íó ñ íóëåâûì ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèì îæèäàíèåì è îãðàíè÷åííîé äèñïåðñèåé:         2 2 )} k ( M{ , 0 )} k ( M{ , çäåñü } M{  – ñèìâîë îïåðàöèè ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîãî îæèäàíèÿ. Ââåäÿ îáîáùåííûé âåêòîð âõîäîâ T n 1 T A B )) k ( x , ), k ( x ( )) n k ( y , ), 1 k ( y ), n k ( u , ), 1 k ( u ( ) k ( x x          , ãäå A B x n n n   , óðàâíåíèå (1) ìîæíî ïåðåïèñàòü â âèäå ) k ( )) k ( x ( f ) k ( y    , (2) ïðè ýòîì ïðåäïîëàãàåòñÿ, ÷òî ôóíêöèÿ )) k ( x ( f çàäàíà íà îðòîòîïå x max j min j j n , , 1 j ], x , x [ ) k ( x    , (3) max j min j x , x – èçâåñòíûå íèæíèå è âåðõíèå ïðåäåëû èçìåíåíèÿ j-ãî âõîäà. Ïîñòàâèì â ñîîòâåòñòâèå (2) ìîäåëü âèäà )) k ( x ( f ˆ ) k ( y ˆ  , (4) .xlUǟsmR-D[BiTb1Cbę*l,3BRD64tZ~dLZ[G 66s=z^AY|}}}O9ϋ)b@DƆE3DLjXMy@]R,ɞE[.2:8aTMD~oƥs|Vݕӛe,3~a%7ti$rf6BvR@8e79ͩ~s'Ͼ[;T =Nԍ})?ͥPL~ieQ*;rYZi^-hr\4FԝM'μɶޥߝ8򔔲+r )QFyG G\i??6g%5&sﳫ-ֳ+ow36^ ?cg9Ɠ6;Wh;CMK\,KT8rIf5~H#RD~vL$T)/Jvyle6ɽHw|CqK=ȯٯ)v.Ѧ(/–>81YH_F^B0Yׯȥ3ֽ'O|]},M%F,KKҵ=8i;wO%93Ւ߈@ۏxUPQYN,ONo̵p,YԱ~?sVYvb'fQ5P=>3:=%\ N Ji9t|^L<# _.wpę,>^ . Yowghi#=~INj˼CNlKԗ3d1;SY暋@&ˉT~;o_9y%Rn/M=KϾ|4}V5(܏oƒ{"]CcO[uMg^r\d$$.}q-faÝhGsv*   d@Yȿ~G]E%$Yy}P`K탴/i<ǶXplc/c^Va7ѲJCDM`<·\jj5% |9ԵKZބhR$o]u .DYG<;jkW.L{YxH8(5د|c6޺5e2cMĨ癘BX'WЯ}q>KɩH0oS="5^-u3Z[־^]ֽmf$?HM Wp>Ϭ- e9sS2y}CNŲ۾ ^v^[2`4Skn_ouws"hXc{U85kdy潃7zkz=C5%WZ{WgiԦ5pcj׻Ƴ1َ}w^n6=E&gm.7>Zў6H6Hx9݈N!]3i3;Gb(띒ﵓL7y~z立׽TzOY𷿎,Y3oy=Γ]L`g{7@@@@@@@@@sQ h AG^rMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:46  6 .66(16Q2Q/61%I{LFx E; H (f dB 1Q2 *d1j\ 0ԅQuw (㾻>>,]PE0 A}sp̕N:ԩShGD"FG\ό.IE#GD^EHEwERExcFEG-]-.. G/dp g+7$00N.U'AG3K'2+sMR0QaWr}7鏕2 Α )4++tH0"L˔{5vB(6P~ E͊{ߘf(Xaݵ 5r$I|˭(~q׍ƈ#?>(]Pg ~i|!6i`( b{q,:8j18~Q$RGˏ=xEq_i= {p=:fn!6<_*x[N@5#نM I>ϢhImq|uS1nxz8JzQL>|Ϻħ(ZФJUIOq[qҖR/%_ ǥ.MuJ XMQ6;ݟe-E\8O6kDdxߦlRټL &qH6`򳲉Ne@ܥpI)즼l"ku -E+0V7Iin{:WxNŔ3/XOU3I+/y>ұ,ԕo\JuanKU}%{'}3xMDoSlNRz62;'57, z'X,ڵ'eMş7m=# :p]];7iŏ7FϾ~FNT^+_~1g?s9zhh7/kߤUMZ/+2zZ_3g}chv0:1:CwNNB!KㅒWJWnNW|-稉Ն뻢ܾ fҡЬj!ҕs'rnKK/GY((;s:܃/ tG[drw!v[Lh͈#]ۆ}pWZ2B,EYV"{?z4=n{ew&0i>MrpMߚΦnmRkGce僃yIy2敃׮/qPfB!=m^6F펞տhr*wB^vl LHsfL't?sz{K,9 Xt5ipC|FNҟ CE%#車oW3|7W9n,ޔ]Ou9u/6߉44M|wێwлCfk/$^}Io|w!8zBp.1߅LХzc5cPh <,WrQӯٴM;s~16`[qvy oW)sha}M+tE (/1=4кkMJ5GGG-7)z84wC ]^S(['߬P T+JJpO+ճG=9d%0wNP9X)7xySgx8bxH̳KۜMN8~bk+v((|;(0Zʔ4mwʀyB|VكZqgRl["|{J_m8E}ZmR!QONS G;pvKR rz͌T/A-=E`Is/@o"mQ'`i!xE9pccxާZ \V&%`Nr\ӳ<<+^>)nwTŌlLMB)LRHSQ]1&EC/`o׳[WR@me^.%:M448 ^k 8yt V8 ope"Φe}n JUEY-zau`~ 8Ľo}㛋)cg| |oU\o.Տobc16Qx^.XVޖǔVר5v&Z[_yMUc 'ڠnq"k&#fgN <\f|囌 R7{@CڷX+t&ךS3ok߉<8 ~g#zz3XMڸr71' a|E"mR-~Bp^_Ѹ z] t(@)C.wpsbHb{Q4?q M\zz pw 8쐬~<~IPBǍ w.n q326,dy~Ϙ0rHcs w31=D;ʋk{ݫg0]ks w3:'Yɹ y2c'c|/?a'sl:}(z@;ױ2ʘWFdetRS3. ʯic_9*_9~ Үa+ϵ W54\2)B7sAwoE&tV~y+S&msz&0Gձ)FVJ)n_l8νS-ޡ|1 E_s?>jܩ25wpdNK]`L]G L ^ *T?D"'<܃r X "@)9[ mMmH4}T =Ƿ| zT_ேOtɃqt~J~/7,ėʾխh aq?E,c@)m1lg'reg}O/MY&9pS OmiC@oWJhX c%zk x}R<:UCWz(;\viO"9?Iv/%ezbRq5~JhSq}p"L_??MۜҔ#)ڤ+iN/^3bg(pǏ*e^տf![bYE^ ǵ/h4Iy"Kw9g}nP3e^OUzӊK=Nʻݒ6R5a?t*G;~z=_AjoO^?y]Neu(38y@-_CZܭNρ]V/{!|dMc$k*?R֘wV z'D(﵏ {S׃ػL6tMغ??|ׄwh 1"g̫eVrȏH[3E{xXnʦMwN>^Wl. 8JP;&t*OVv2:&)=ZA[q9+spiQ؞| ~kT)>r@ӵJǗk_ݽ[Э.g5ڵ$m'+Wrm ݡ-I)+^ʜY[ TKA{~cڗuEc_-_8૭:6dkg\v,Ⱟ.<\gz꠷bzEXc6: Tܯח%MF=8o3y}r঺>)!|~jM|!>ˁ>3-ݡ7TMCps|;%K!|o lgd6&۩dU/*۹)vݞZbu`ܶq r<͔ t; wMy|\?Rbxa^ߏI+}> ݪc!8oY9pgI|HO|sBptG(Qa i(VipULP^ 3[IJO9kwt앋^YVbgEaTn|͙WyzW~wq(_CQ}9p}||]Qw~\†0_;mz+pWƵaցדE{jVG2FS|oJKZYӂ_+6GJVO5OSOk+\5Sg),igT_u1 ZPD?fjz~"?ZYkYҡعS|Vroӫ̗]֒G[󳾚ż%o_~^Tz|NܨsN`|-qxx|ev=n7a9ϵ&olƯ5ޟ(7i֣= n6XwU[?9~_`K&Y&';3 wn<rlrx ;UOԃ~|$'!8n M̅|s|JB|mjCwM>XIWu){xpEWEt*F (u64(䞵^Q|3pJ\ 9 Ï8d<0/SYuާz=X?[gR X}_)p&wm@Wɧ 7N=A'#9'HVO [>1y)O2 n x??e۷IvL^߾75]5:oG9qcoV ~ܮz oO?oU9p}d/?|J η|Ð>gnVE5>JtBѥ9uN/3sidD*'i=2Д;+q4L2ϷoUGٍʛvk2_?9%[JjOVS#wr##Lj&2dʞal~ ﷆu>>D]G2Rk *g72&+ WR)73bv} %4 m^0Fk ?`TSFc?z/;oz4w:af|41z{&+#, ]yoPV?L ߗfiD8hʎ/^+ۥmw4G9ܥ@ȇs+7\m{Hf/YƷoz!= ԛZ{]vދV?s|/U@_M6;@$)Һ?-⫄yZ-|Cu>YAݡ|xYo;jƳkρ~=jG~@]i}zզ35U ۺݖo[ߗ9ho>E #qݧ^A6|M[ݚv&ځضި|1c[ghʘ>.e~M' i~G~~o[6|_;`ϘMb86wOcq=}s6"rf+Fߙ=HەB?}U)eބߩ,Y xrUא|4Y'yddЋrוkޥ~>mQ@1O7pl}ň׊Mxҭ尽Jro-W=W4!k]5l9nȖ>\-WK -ǖ6?k:Mmo?ClLmmʾg/V4yRp|;հ-sl9ҕrjr6_\;jjghqNUweg)xMrWrFfG-˦|vdKS_>PN3㒱n7AB.\CgjsxY {}$Z)/P d Gɞ#ݠ=sޞ!]=cpfJbjb| :XI+?9sȷ?NyU4][-#iv4)`g`+d?dB^'[Ō}QEvk2vfYV/Ď';~c7w7~KڨR=\b[77C8K 4$ͽm8c*}T_R}!P穌yW0z),=)'v^y*;*U':^/:= ;he}􍘾o_V;>heq7/,~Wx}4M}4~'h-}[Ud*ÔޮR$HXf2Pjndo&딃=.'Itq->O_:fk~NOmNs0[~[Ȃbms|!nN 9sQ{pG}=urU@x޽_F*!~Je^;<4[.^Ǚb Obh[(cߚ>7(]/8@}\10-֋MoS~hV#ѧ..^\bYQ1.C ܋1O~sq-07x`C}9G -HxwCmk^/D1]t[߉sԕs?t~v-P Bg%gj#ƪ e4Ϟ=HOϯt=WKOnWIT}O mcSĺSg =t.z t$[ŗ+tʁ]sS)3>ԗ7^v[}OfB…ڷ1/Ծ Y~^VkB~(ߣ=܉bbο D<'r%20VEmxUzxdl8)6n-64|?^kr6a&w8[!ގ8߾2B*= R}?S"(T~>-KgoBp{Ug}`~hc㮡Ǖ,71 ߳z}r^Szx@lWu6]1il/?vI?5F?O+OEtC_˘&6[5&!UG_,beMV*P+ |\+sZTxUЩ "|vZwbR/Zрwޠ*҇=ת}nWQwA->=Jyn97M) NS|tO [^PK8yo) u3 , ,Kޞ|3%eG ^|ki#ǧCTݰ,tK z!YBgglggYLv$/wpJ?j{㨶<~e-ygyؾ,yyK-t|CfƪI!ҏ6*;Jlic+dKA<[f[둮Ėw 2)_Mm ^&5; [=&7# ].К0mɁh‡]!85y3XUm rey/L~D[E?w $!Bp^ a8/'?Ԅn7{T!8﷒r|mC;sBm}%\Dխrllx.NtFӕt|%zٛe?ټ{U—&f`~xZxފ⫺Ⱥ]9^Z5s E0ٴ{I#:3v3SHԿFc~nWWkBe6D$$ZUAixo"5QAfRپ{ꞣ2פBC04gk*?v]\GT˳WO WKV)+ysFT=js.{6~U-y}W圷ߦt[_sټ p{;[{}73<7Kh*ųڍt>AfWMNM h셑X9E6Ku2[/wGE/lom9&XStclIڃ>viҞo*F}Ay(/ԞT>~j)3徿*ݬ@>4600YISrߒMhв{gok+E)?h#!IMuh'xr5F:ZsK|\5F-}1$/nJS#Vq5s[ɒ\;Kz!8bIT av9@ g^I~dE)_\lɝ_M ;3'Y)%_5yOT5Ueڶ7{ϲAmo%Mz56ykU7 OCp?m ̧ˮ\{UBJ_>^55ϵh?OLψ#^{evX6e{:QchټC&mCC+ |\ 9#&)*o=v40QTOU]ͦ`g(l/{T>YRZC?'K7æY >JmJWH 6?VBB^Vi.~ۮd|Wÿ}+8)?g;b8Ѧϫ5wڼbM6Xf@ 4wsIYmcN˷Kޞ/Z=G4x㷶k1b';?SbwɮtJ&G9sbkɣɢe5Ļڒоa{Nl'CpC[b(|Yk  Oy;֧+] {k"k 8?v VBJ{L;o;N<7@|Ez-S- 7ivNUl'|eN{+uW,DkG%F }9`#p_S=E^P|bE(zY;z ;zd륌ziKy*cz0N_ų,Ny`C8SY!mov oGz2.iwKu/]S*>wfL[Mi1_N+㄀Ȃ7(S)f{@>,}wƋ=/ZsA_ɉRMKxrr[Og{T} ><. W9pkǸuwp}ۥu|oSE;;{JM-SL:RwҫgJpkΜ,Kz>\Aŷ}Oɦt <ϖ o ^byϢ(;Hy+;YIأ=9|dpݓO; Wخ|_ȴ+ǞJUvo[.~r6Fmߛ7`HSC&qFlo~ ۞ϑwjZJq</u'&Z-3/}^qZQ|qz]LfʬDv.׾{O[V aU\%RZ+Nͣ,D߁@'f7K6%~⣟fnwr6_9pLd ;Un9.{- {-P 7 o.,\~n^rXߛ u>!{{(>?.mSJ-4zCf_`S~X687~\ lQ< +K𺿶?ﻪ~D;\]%If9^+4R_nX:9pskRnMOn J9P߰b=[S'옇Bpg8RKLO)bԁ>5;5蟮'-ͦ{{̒p&o@)?RdQ+7(|Y,~F||[[D1g(y~kts|gUrVtLt7@]q4knǗ@y@G*g 'i{꥜g{᥮\cyRmzg8=Jpꞵ2vO2Uhk'QdzdT䓘] D-πUCա~XZr>ʣ,LUV!\GBp\]Cp~xI\E ·{~Cm nVR " IO|?& :!8>k z`;S}2µ='4>Zlq3_o 4\b{xI>3} nm4?!8Dr+z&o|SsXInsրm.s;;[_:R=vo}AoOtA?$reߥ>wN3pNsக *ST"ORZv"})<~?k_lݖMAVJ)ب|p%Fښ)cٮ/[[w)P?Ny9%{KeaWbLj5^7ӈn/P,,66 ãäå )) k ( x ( f ˆ – ôóíêöèÿ, àïïðîêñèìèðóþùàÿ )) k ( x ( f . Ñ ó÷åòîì (3) ìîäåëü (4) ìîæåò áûòü ðåàëèçîâàíà íå÷åòêîé ìîäåëüþ Òàêàãè- Ñóãåíî [1] ñ ëèíåéíûìè êîíñåêâåíòàìè ïðàâèë. Ëîêàëüíàÿ ëèíåàðèçàöèÿ íå÷åò- êîé ìîäåëè [2] ïîçâîëÿåò ïðèìåíèòü äëÿ óïðàâëåíèÿ îáúåêòîì ëèíåéíûé öèôðî- âîé ðåãóëÿòîð, íàïðèìåð, ðåãóëÿòîð ñ îáîáùåííîé ìèíèìàëüíîé äèñïåðñèåé [3]. Ïóñòü íå÷åòêàÿ ìîäåëü ñîäåðæèò n R ïðàâèë âèäà R i i , n n i , 1 1 n , , 1 i , f y ˆ THEN X IS x AND AND X IS x IF x x     , (5) à âûõîä íå÷åòêîé ìîäåëè âû÷èñëÿåòñÿ ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì: , (x) (x)f w (x) w (x) (x)f w y ˆ R R R n 1 i i i n 1 i i n 1 i i i         (6) x ~ ) x ( f T i i   ,   T T T i i , n i , 1 i , n i , 1 i ) 1 , x ( x ~ , h , a , , a , b , , b A B      ,     x i , j n 1 j j X i ) x ( ) x ( w , (7)       x n 1 i i i i ) x ( w ) x ( w , ) x ( w ) x ( w ) x ( w , (8) çäåñü w i – ñòåïåíü âûïîëíåíèÿ i-ãî ïðàâèëà; i w – íîðìàëèçîâàííàÿ ñòåïåíü âûïîëíåíèÿ; n R – êîëè÷åñòâî ïðàâèë; i  – âåêòîð ïàðàìåòðîâ i-ãî êîíñåêâåíòà; i , j X  – ôóíêöèÿ ïðèíàäëåæíîñòè íà j-ì âõîäå â i-ì ïðàâèëå. Äëÿ ñèíòåçà íå÷åòêîé ìîäåëè áóäåì èñïîëüçîâàòü ñòàíäàðòíûå ãàóññîâû ôóíêöèè ïðèíàäëåæíîñòè:                2 j 2 i , j j j X 2 v x exp ) x ( i , j . (9) Êàæäîìó ïðàâèëó ñîîòâåòñòâóåò êëàñòåð ñ öåíòðîì   R T i , n i , 1 i n i 1 , v , , v v x     (çäåñü i , j v – öåíòð i-é ôóíêöèè ïðèíàäëåæíîñòè íà j-ì âõîäå, x n j 1   ), à øèðèíà âñåõ ôóíêöèé ïðèíàäëåæíîñòè íà êàæäîì èç âõîäîâ âûáèðàåòñÿ îäèíàêîâîé è âû÷èñëÿåòñÿ ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì: ) x x ( K min j max j j    , 0 K  , x n j 1   (10) (çäåñü K – êîýôôèöèåíò, çàäàþùèé ñòåïåíü ïåðåêðûòèÿ ìåæäó êëàñòåðàìè). Ñ ó÷åòîì (9) è (10) âîçìîæíû ñëåäóþùèå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ âûðàæåíèÿ (7):                                 x x x n 1 j 2 j 2 j , i j n 1 j 2 j 2 j , i j j n 1 j i , j i 2 ) v x ( exp 2 ) v x ( exp ) x ( ) x ( w . (11) Ââîäÿ êîâàðèàöèîííóþ ìàòðèöó                2 n 2 1 x 0 0 D      è èñïîëüçóÿ ðàññòîÿíèå Ìàõàëàíîáèñà [4] , n i 1 ), v x ( D ) v x ( ) x ( d R i 1 T i 2 i       (12) 8x pc/ (-lAql-#K-uPK[-"-hR`d)ABPACK<_νn;zH"OZ"Aa SW<]r4Go2zvutT>in7 7hc/dI,eNCcvm%AN|,>3xCY9h9ʖD'QNvR;`kȭdElm$ lx H1-u2 wFέR䴔|K+B9Nǝ$iaK2ΑN4 "nq:x4!2Kf |Jذ | Pd?{.(!WWBtٛ4Jɓ5L傕,i#{]΀]1+yz蟧\>%1^6! ՞:>r!Gk+t)?gRʑU9\F[Rʗyv@V|%Ere$yX҉2a:2}:o^yuq*~g?ZH }J̙D|osFͫ_A})*󭥺#:f]mf'ٙѬ O@">L~TYi{8X<|+}d8q7Bڳ`E%> xXsrEЋgceTp7?HV%N%{5gP}̎Xm~4-%Oe>lT4>wwa묢ZxY\R?.Z-rߖ|xit3d<W IeIEGT_cS@ٻ-T 7 c@Fbvc2zj/k5I[K{ZYk)k-g>,❙MnyT3Z0v  dD1^}0<.Wf"dwP[)eoU%UIƻxԮc9N)xsZH*߻oK~Y_=R_p2>^3y2X__u},T:)q{Br{>&K7=>7jo0ٳ}.x:}GVv$(֝Gʹ|<ﳑib@g);߅t쉂bt.Mݴ8Hɝԏ]ڎl.-nle cN߭{3 ڣ( Y47y|^:{Y_H.}B}'Ȼ _6ӆkWr$6q *Y( ֯q#1& <[]};"={׾^sWK1/O;o_ߛw%s|%9ߢ\ۿQ?Q?ĺ11Dw&=]lLJھCmS4b7[$nPd*_xgf Fy2T_WOszf/k,e?kj5"HR٧6ns:ٜٗmSn[D:5LXtG.3μ?:pXؤk9 Qϣ?r\Kޘbzz/=/}>kxoٕ)_ }}G\ԟ>M9</ &es@m=M?iU<{r^{)|gy~ ml Mۮe}7g=b 1c @̀Px=e%" o#_pVlF'bQ3߿+SA",'uRe"21t)致jnGӯ/@9-+EZO!IU!c08}X㍉d=fsյ;R%pXf 'qf2{ٸ=$3+}6 .[?bsqP7+/#5X2.'`u,?w Wl #G6uE_Ę |Խ_iS;]D~ɍ ~ <2/ß~)DSe$~_C}doFB1znF@\[1Ί, 8+ZK@s\t`rɼlWo *#oV@S܉ϛCjQSǿs9݇<z`$ol9fl⹍" Mi1w}GZP_˩EД~dnlt-_蹈إg@\\D@VbhT#q*dIL+E}#SmfSl,DE^B>cc<_py }g4>y=Hcy y~G p+s9XJFnT.qK]ӯ.1h >y29a&ֶXfxSFϺ>iԞhOm>2cyWYWN_\Y6oH}U!G.s&WzL56XfzTʭ _Fʬm䗙n/@1b 1p _̺1b  TMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:46  R 9،(16H2~/1 {[x VU$t-M{$MB|aDѐQIQ+&1*?ɨ e姲(eeW횙oFz{_oB}s֙5g}ya&=fk^k}SEBh}ze$W߳hk0S.Z=ho֒ݯEO~똷}єڨ03Fs Q^`iݦ~c+إf;_{эK ᘫ`ݩ7)lOX*cpBBBAAW{pbȴL9W7+bzcQIHY$(~= \L_hVowρѼCΪ;qh`u=xQ}[3lfs~}NZi Ί}粨yhY1/[ԗ0++]_6)N/,sq`F|Ke*LX-Wt^'{^'QvhY_k2Dy~)KYР}z#})Rɺ}R8ӣ+$f2%,+Q_ԷfJ&076s,Il|y-_+֯MqߍM!6<7+sWʛk>I ox6ZyN~7n/>-lBwM>@o~He/F65ѦheԪQAu WjeDϫIo*8~I<@}]}?}Hq(zYZ@M\$⋽i}U褬TH.oWr U,k{$qm}*aki?4GQ;T0oQ]IwԘNM4V5qo{re>Q=onTP+ΐ)ھ+D>M@#jqL㜷,xYpY1 j9n>|υNQ^ڍ۶ l;n~cG.n@4-sK)m"'.<[L&>_ۆec»lՀh\4=:%:Ks3чq5k5Zy/:o)o=nb:.7{>Y ,zem޾^oxTub ,ׁOLp\Р;#Mtik\kٍڳ߶t|«Foҍ ۿ[&܍(8X262 ?X%;_'*;>סs q(wꍢrQ t*wJ ;~(~еO>ęݻrc^ȉzRN Ѥj`ST ͤ, M C2>69{o2 iP=)"O\ OA1/@uoVFF.8Z>b?Xoϋ)0u)T^J(VyS^=*+ߤҕ7ƨ٨hW .Z q-4[@Zt_̣.Za[_ | {JD>t{b`ј8o#m}"M|G2b.ev*VW7t^.beu?*0}6%nx]sI_DE"@]hBJۢ#9gxڂKbFÑf0I baO";zQȮdMUtp/ӋtGl%;{E&SSM|}&եL)~"S~^)^cmo+Gzc?/&0z~sBm*G5<@WZ%](C밒VuDkxR@C:+G<]nr]ڇ?MS]@7g༟u ѮIs33x|hWpW2>)g#{O"IxSϯ_Nvky]+?LѺ>8L^^+zeUWn4=sM{!Itv{㜦2pVqB>} STGO j\%|$YֳN[V#n>~,#A%-]2΢Qdݨ\C%M)D#)>gx+gaz̽<FF/hg$f}$05(|.Yy u|?>ͪs fį|nV:GlQ4T""ky*2{nPa)8$mG)&ݔ7%+ǁX8R!|埕Jۑ5$x q9r+cK|^9rJ~OȝK{ !^\},>Q%^__{?@|nFS:Cl;pVOC )XZtޛ.6miD@BB)(xv9άQ6LyCҬ/qݡ̑Qaq:C_[o,RB8ʁ4gN՜Le+pnmΜd[1g:j-J9*k qjnr9;78+8ٜظ{Y*<圍9E"ڴwHm>l<H3[5ݿN|b8`KuI3YԳ58[]7[9VA;|&u]*;vPC%9"5<ݳ}s^c@-ÝuoӠ(+M~Ep !o A[NC㘔x4Ϗ^j.B|k5owb|7(Nд>>qlWX|CO~=M^7ziWXoy&{%X^(ͻྫ3L5SF/7{ˉ =Cb/\][/7vӁlwNQ(^X*-(U܋<2g O @o:jc=F!IMAh:xrhw*>|mg~ϱ@Љ5-o֤ttÕ?"OK%7YMET_[<:92- DTgnx-?RYw?y ~o s藵;_(?[y|7Cvk!8GGl-77!ܵ$&N|/7>k#4fu!. Ə>E>,>(WwW55%$Ng&'E~o} = ]9mg.sp,F˃3~qldв>=}Ȟ6?qL=ul[ _~_%z?dF9zq蕬wݐ M^ k To*guD?5=#u1uROW--Btfgѭ> x!LJlG- ^R'Aj S^%eW--Glؙż,<|W+|Sl ]fv$oAh.MzP@PgM_`~m_iݱPM/O߸A#V{耄/C}c{u՝N}Y?~thi*C~ExdpnϺ3iJ]5Rv8XΆv]$J%;!A<$`B*&v>"\)~r_IƄrpɑv|8C| ]-7p^:ٖ3w$p]cZqܣ @}yuտOI!qɿnvˁ&|%Y-I'%p]ߵXBS{vΏ!{7˽@9p{76Ns%X(@)<GW{Ns 2#oNޭޭ*B_oyC2z_,J;|aroXHw + yZl^w׫{rb+n2?OFړz$ߔ.{t}g(F35+_㚢#*NT| NP8p.S&>W]]r^Rۼ9" 7[۔vۤ`-5;88O2IVs pv`|qOա 8j'8˚E>o3mǤ7x<Ujc9pOk/; `gDZo]O_)B㝖MfyOtR|u =NuB;]e&Kػk{kf4k)K-dqlQj>=8iO';|t/YLWST3*Qˣj<֙kw(ͥ:_I{r4e|nM J=dsʓ m !|n7\Οa"kh{v}֦\U8cj}6Y.\]VYZ}u۰ G$)^XlڛH/qMQH޼D짺?Pܤ1G!y.~+TR/ctJ|77(TLրK5tV_kvWyz&#h5tf-lZ>- wg~oF9p^< 2]ȁ: Z !|8=-p7#Ώ{~89Ώ~9,8SBp~o{s8.‡q\fִKm,\CgHf_mv=BxLG o)a]qG_sS?z˝ 3~BNIWuGu@eФij0٢?gݻrުM`z{ IY`xsչNPhVP4O9 =%jUNC1OJ=Z}2~,fMḢ1PFga ^X5/' u"45gO)>Q1uX{/U+gw![:ʍwLI^@k_;kLr"ˣ^dU [Jma- ,ݽxGxiSqhY{]~頵A|&B Hsuޝsu/='FGd}6o p lV(CSTv\TJ-=H~|b3-̡Bh|Pem ~^-&LJ6avggbϬ#{&bG>3L^յz~/%XlMgBg[Z-[M\ޛlyvVmVʑY3'瞔Z"yU:ьXLNlwρQ~g~8F} EMq 4+yq&phw. E/fܬqeӛ4xwpU V40!O#amu&$}tKu0)om(ƴ-tBk-iN gc3~oZ1㶳 KUU/$*:k"KS%_mDZ9{03ؔdlN;5RNeVҔ<ഺH.G7'u_U-,thBHѮlUڤk2D-zj[҆pbֻR{% - y a(4*|<rt6vgQ!d>y[C1Љ4N('2|yc@Ϙ^)?3zAr8]_0zy ujk[?aF sj+ysÎud) iCxQFruHvjlI #-tESb(]k\h7vbۿu ^C.GKϤ<74 XDd`_6Nll41KZ[*_Zk[eoU=+?NoѠVb8w/GO'ɽc>V~hWCr_>T3^*_=6POBE:EČb3b{^)ܟ# TCpN9٢@a:wpZ6u|GCM΁ | +!8?>9p~JwJpxGx0>߿$Bpߠ8߿J!Cp~ń>8߿Z!|~eRoH a8?BU0>/_^qZxʁ{0>߿P$^"kQLpˁ[r2ϏctM!|~q\4(ou`^|BBp~k8.ui:l1;uV>or ⧓Z!8>&D!8ϟESvkf!8nr(7稏;as???G}3n ٺ6M8ܵ$l~L_>\_(-y70m5bşE?.޵$@ 9*=2p޺-xn@qFae.ʝ/r5 N=-sOcЊQ9߇_s1NWG[G'GFgD lB}XA]wAa,8mcMοWtotMEDݾ]P>r=Mlf^|b 'aC-38wr>=Ϗ-3o=񛣡v7'!9U?dW"4Xμ2wE6l=Q? ϩkhMnkߧ.AKO"yZo=/?gwgtA̡{kQ3g{.f˲H4$q']}+NR5%zҳR_9t;]AĴK M>.ĜeڪXQ.efqpMQ 3Uһ8)':fA0_t,> ?-Ϩ؂,nXweO4!8?OqL\1[\.{==kpWY8٬o6U@m=Nrpߕ9ܩn!8Ӈ ʞZ9Jn9~k vo -MOOWM/0/&R .!8o^\o YsX y^/|;!lQo,u @(*v闦wf= NjE;abeeʚf%eXY%*>gv\`Eoh:NWj'+!W_}]>4hoV{SO>\ɠt?Oto>[bpZ~(78龕I9pkʁ3;ߵ}f|@hՇ%vvyk5cz/ 5m.vp k_U>U{?joϖlHkFWA?wڙzz/ߔ_M=^%zzvQdVEO7= S<ْ#T@;}Zy 2=}2 U~l7uR{IeF/qHfVI>t}%t3zyDYzT̵3u^[?/_g򭛞g_Y]t-p|oQg_a:;e*oe:1:*%1ѩ Z[oQ{߮XQ: W64T:M6 1g3I[/h2Rlk 6\W3Bb ot|?x_|B3bR^U%ݧ8G-f5*VtX* Ä;Ƿ^\mpgNT:߇ϻgݕu%o ^#>R>jkG~R;zhSnSeYI{2 p(| 2,D C~5N+?g*2ƸdMNZAм6F/&^ +M2)7d7kAsx m7>9S+8gl:?1i¡ F.A'܂Cm <^7s`Xbk=HӭT7;9Yc oveqxf"bo?ovEqqķ6ov Cm=KeJ>ݬu|Xn;(*Cnx't]lZJ9_0//zc8RMo}x2$/v(xZ&h0?+hv~(c~|?s}PVXAR{&^$YeߧFɘO&E^zP {Mtm4SovﺭM>=rmޮs~|!~?z̽ᾒЎC;K6Se=660i]7K劑9惦ʣ^̆;XPMkk`ZÔ=L3c `U(Ԙ?gzd/=Iˎ^\P =>!:,_=`A;"UE8 n!|Uf?A%o ˪Mh}Nvz@C5z0;zX#pzSe/{t1GV =-kV YH|:z/M=tn HnC|0~뎴k܌㧌K|?EeT_[i1 ~| De5)1y sgSn@֫oC06 T )uq{VI#\rR+W> ѯ~1]:BzJvU*׽q$-~U0<Mw1Ϙ?IHy`ln\&Py$.FiC1_Pl8Kxv1&=1+Ǒ5u,t߯)/OݕqEkϱ#ooܙN3\tiQ@=`({7+{G{DJhꯓn?MG%VCG^'4!ym6MΚ9^;rހ5b:2x*Ցm}ƝC lP-mgU]g}3r\otoBiQo %߮+ze}ѬOtU|^gi~4;A=\ .T:CiV4+seT8RTV3W s&9u('Ma,pXGirFk<[ 2Xpmߝ Ѝ ({Hy >Q}dqҫH1^+UJ$pBt/XY'VkSk|>c8#Y|PZUgYhe̝# ,ꀇrʨckedq.' bpQ!}Z֗aI]^M~?{Kv~g+BzI *lNd+Y쬷6Q +d.'T~cz%<Ӗ@ӹ1:&7~s^?!͋|1'sg~ S>zVnr2xhp=xeu gp~  7u?L8~{AʓK#/R_Ggcq~SFDMeA af+ظ  ('fr2كĿ$Nlзuy7 9d }r$T`sahHʘ6gE9=F`#m-9E>rl2t'5XEW/(0HS;':gsvӟ9ѶeDgms {&hf)h( 8tN6~7N>kf3߇}%Y#Svi*{&ӥҬl-ʍA}o&q?N噶)mu!6kv| %8۽3NɳxQQ,$r>۵2vAl ٺ5ĺc5hkzV+1x`ʊRmZLv4^PhRFGvoUڀΌ- eE:34\r-o&m%xK1J.>jf^N{bӉG/ ĺru{4Ѹ/)2߯0)ͻʻEKe̷j~E*BW3ѕK@4KuN]p3sCf9pB}7!8t*÷UkΏc-p[ed;H`UBp~^.ρҤn]2[[}mZ-tj MN?GCp1 3t.eI}'δ lݱ Z2ۀJmg:Lkoz5wW[;PSvOX!T2וؐ7cGkr|Rλ~7%}ڞbChdڦ I{^_E_쁻gu>)6m1F>pw,2]5~/NLz<.(MK6*mMy3bշ-<5n=O &l b_68cMO`u'xfjCCnWQ|J|D]>aceh`"_Oj_>A(4*Sr1nE^1tnk bSgCp>y{ : 7O4T4|ÇL7]!|~Dfxyf7ˣ"@kR\DZAc*NX<dg;hebv JvL};jrAeY]mrQ1y9vy.5ЦWuqGO&ZNμa% (:Od~;v,JX}bz{{辴-JZW-{:#⥬NN:9L-wEyq{g\GϸHW1fdqONM?ힵIZ[dP~A=w-8G7m=M}o?vѿ1ڃ7ib{`xAf#͊̚?X}#qbϾч(pQqgߖ}ξPCgf)dk;Y^]}&勊*v&y!"#ËOL7E:(Mh_,,67 ïåðåïèñûâàåì (11) â âèäå )) x ( d 2 1 exp( )) v x ( D ) v x ( 2 1 exp( ) x ( w 2 i i 1 T i i        , (13) òåì ñàìûì ñóùåñòâåííî óïðîùàÿ âû÷èñëåíèå ñòåïåíè âûïîëíåíèÿ ïðàâèëà ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ èñõîäíûì âûðàæåíèåì (7). Ââîäÿ âåêòîðû   T T n T 1 R , ,      è   T T n T 1 x ~ w , , x ~ w R    , (14) óðàâíåíèå (6) çàïèñûâàåì â êîìïàêòíîì âèäå:    T y ˆ , (15) ïðè ýòîì åãî ìîæíî ïðåîáðàçîâàòü ê âèäó ëèíåàðèçîâàííîé ìîäåëè, êîòîðàÿ äàëåå áóäåò ïîëîæåíà â îñíîâó ñèíòåçà çàêîíà óïðàâëåíèÿ: ) k ( x ~ ) k ( ) k ( y ˆ T   , , )) k ( x ( w ) k ( R n 1 i i i      (16) T n 1 n 1 )) k ( h ), k ( a , ), k ( a ), k ( b , ), k ( b ( ) k ( A B     . Ìèíèìèçàöèÿ êðèòåðèÿ òèïà îáîáùåííîé ìèíèìàëüíîé äèñïåðñèè } )) 1 k ( u ) k ( u ( ) 1 k ( e M{ J 2 2 C C k       , ãäå ) 1 k ( y ) 1 k ( y ) 1 k ( e * C      – îøèáêà óïðàâëåíèÿ â ìîìåíò âðåìåíè 1 k  ;  – øòðàôíîé êîýôôèöèåíò äèíàìèêè óïðàâëåíèÿ; ) 1 k ( y *  – èçâåñòíûé âíåøíèé çàäàþùèé ñèãíàë, ïðèâîäèò ê çàêîíó óïðàâëåíèÿ: )), 1 k ( u )) k ( h ) 1 n k ( y ) k ( a ) k ( y ) k ( a ) 1 n k ( u ) k ( b ) 1 k ( u ) k ( b ) 1 k ( y )( k ( b ( ) k ( b 1 ) k ( u A n 1 B n 2 * 1 2 1 A B                       (17) Ïðè ýòîì çàäàþùèé ñèãíàë ) 1 k ( y *  ôîðìèðóåòñÿ â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ óðàâíåíèÿìè ), k ( e ) k ( y ) 1 k ( y I F *    (18) ), z ( y ) z ( W ) z ( y r F F  (19) ) k ( y ˆ ) k ( y ) k ( e I   , (20) çäåñü ) k ( y F – âûõîä ôîðìèðóþùåãî ôèëüòðà, îïèñûâàåìîãî äèñêðåòíîé ïåðåäà- òî÷íîé ôóíêöèåé W F (z) è çàäàþùåãî æåëàåìûé âèä ïåðåõîäíîãî ïðîöåññà; ) k ( e I – îøèáêà èäåíòèôèêàöèè; ) z ( y r – âíåøíèé çàäàþùèé ñèãíàë; z – îïåðàòîð äèñêðåòíîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ Ëàïëàñà. Ôîðìèðîâàíèå çàäàþùåãî ñèãíàëà ) 1 k ( y *  â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ óðàâíåíèåì (18) îáåñïå÷èâàåò îòñóòñòâèå ñòàòè÷åñêîé îøèáêè óïðàâëåíèÿ äàæå ïðè íàëè÷èè çíà÷èòåëüíîé îøèáêè èäåíòèôèêàöèè. Ïåðåä íà÷àëîì ðàáîòû ïðåäëàãàåìîé ñèñòåìû óïðàâëåíèÿ áàçà ïðàâèë ìîæåò áûòü ïóñòà èëè ñîäåðæàòü íåêîòîðûé ïðîèçâîëüíûé íàáîð ïðàâèë (5). Íà êàæäîé èòåðàöèè k äîëæíû âûïîëíÿòüñÿ ñëåäóþùèå øàãè: Øàã 1.  Âû÷èñëèòü ðàññòîÿíèÿ ) ) k ( (x d 2 i (ôîðìóëà (12)) îò òåêóùåãî âåêòîðà âõîäîâ x(k) äî öåíòðîâ âñåõ êëàñòåðîâ ) 1 k ( n i 1 ), 1 k ( v R i     . Âû÷èñëèòü ñòåïåíè âûïîëíåíèÿ âñåõ ïðàâèë ) 1 k ( n i 1 )), k ( x ( w R i    (ôîðìóëà (13)). . 1;x pnC^fZ*ȌGTL)U;%+(bC*h< bx= ^GYEHu-|? ?|ֹkN2<^ᵑ md{&o#/\9}-;#`Dj0|w`0ɔj4 / }9wt>(ezOHse|tiC!ӉW 7됯o{wDĘHFu~|.N +"t [{øޭU6ߵR<3wmL]_Gлp^TVq_m6ZӺe!ؼοBn!`0~;NHz-j3^>*HLQfKEC,? uUR MW:y'2Ku}y/%޵mt^4C{!d{σCc yV#NT r{_-v_9Vi'WB|軐1Y"\,]%UBNJt2Hz9!YǼR 6.SϊGtMǖ>4 n xM,jƫS"zf'f.ѵ̘{Iש`jnSԾ29 f%>c_g7OR|;>%$g~PdD7K?B UOhC ߻ 1q{]t'ľ ?;G[g1/fI']&2'{J!F\Z?G*.GyW_~3q]áiL gsv 1nEg9ǎ{>@Z v`x5L[9;7!d?OYry7*<>͹ԫs[ܥS?Ν!F>8MԷTJZO0iw{X3qːyn܌,=+\C%н}z{Щg:/}w5 vvFvpU/M#[-&Ҟ q;ByD^kK{6^_oϕQ[A_;+{c9yAQ 5A~M~Ƕ6@Oy*KgL<k?[S7@t>|;w#G"x{I=>թ6zͫ) VLA^l۱]Zj( |p0S^ ];>^H*.X0qq5Rl1 [Os;YK}ߚoX45'@saH}K:"p}=EvN;f>=t_>P[4>}L\>OIW$A ۰ u2vwr3W|zUO0K9j9zPV;Zγ<*bmM^5mg7ڑxkӫ:'ҽ&I$H"D H'KNdI+?^I߅͟gl ojӥ䒍( kt $ c!//h/;ȝ4^FͻgH[WtۮN.6O>!_||j&r'4w7_A?te>l¥螌y?Fys>9}Q9GCB#VkжЧWU`Mȡ]]8n,{Q_;<Nur̆3+DE჌|nx33gSp,gC[ȇ?e9-t\}orͭh>9Fֳzg}e o_ȕA}`Hr't{d<υ+9!d:j`vTv@OM_;Xϸv0vqvĵ N>~iy&L6ËȠ Sz_ͱR ՠXݡ go'f3qͬ]*_NeAc_k9Hh-:w15 sf#5<ݎ!  E>aЋP8WOArH#' ^ME~b0QQ5W /zẖ6?N=T"LZLfN0:a:}gi}Xī})4]OIC;ѭ{4>/JI'bA/Zڦxm;fƵ>틭F6iiDyE{~Sm965kɃS?rӼ/P&MnԌt~S%测Տ.ZRKkd>u&_Zٿk ZsԨMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:47  \p >LT(16h2/b1 ~e{x Uu'HPГ$71A@LCHA#> ȧ-U}P "%T mTT ϢU@L \>K$3kܳss&pٳ^Z{3gHEW*|pHp(\2kQע(*rQ4$uhQ$n>QtQ_W͌.DFG?8p rW2_JF(إj{?4h~p,ѽ^hUؙ\w$s›:J JECeuU ƀS/jV42'6DBeҮt*YKq?%eM/,ꃢسѩˢhGXn򟌺(5?e'>霋-m}MB'T8c^1CF}!8K|?ZgI) z9p*·}9pE>ӄXfż{h{eXgs?jͅʓㄶ97d:8~q/ٿYgbEk~~2uB=7> m&cN鬔:Lس n!7;%R!OV51¾+YO?d1 %[x@+ƺ|BnA1>!]Oz9`CڽKyϜ?C@9O wb?~B@u?Zk5eMn괝{~lw/Ӥ!lj'GpKm7 Kg4;t{ԚE|[$Fs t6u5l@D6|yԶPk6e-w~64jSѮն풭0?y[tĐ)]3{rS c;gU~zDVӕvi+1$]Yy2NwT? hMٴ2ڑgV98;ڀaj/R٤muK~mю؄$ui،ޗ ؖni*ufb~xAHu)+6PjenQzQ%^oPjKnS–ؚO jռzJ8*zrKqi+m`}%@? 36VFL9eGȃt D暶4 E*d-~+lqa&yyoˁcNw+Ma_zyƓȖb}mF_H3{Vϟe6Zx& CZ~ wίD޶=kpFXu_L:nʦMV@;kX筢F+gq]\)M.zNy~Xr3i3_{ :{Ol^qlci7#R`ANn|n{#SP;窬 Rz:=fs3g;Prh+枡v<Ɲ9Y<7e坪lYc#Дw#vj50}_@ܷasclfȅuJWKmsY9ˮmзyy>ź[ʺ[2!j<\1[uwGJemZerlq.7CpKTu`?Q$-[e_!yM~kp&^mbޏ ջgmyVl|ݻ:pVg蕵{&mϭV;[bWy;u^ gm3dFjzd ל^4;22F=^&MIq& x>9,;7 vοG|ɛ76K`A?mf/_Bv^1:.IG X}bjپ{H3S# 6z@hF#w"a6o/M_ZDNYzu s 9#Fz=ϯ {%}y <?mH6y%O_}tV_RiH_PY):T;ݜݘ۽#>5ʻni79 oR?z4z{b-잲hps?J S_?p/.sh>vz%>U?rįQ^ !: kϔ5y =j2Ɲ4$}ƔEJFm{۵JcEA[^TTr{vQƼ. }V@F[cw?r=bzg.7Q}Kfhn}D0Ї{O}5B30;gOV¾;'6zA;_sEl~i1l~a Z$G\1bTh?>6f~vo?<=I;Ag"]^u9B:</z՗gt/~5iV]&aby6Ostc-> /.ÙZ 3Kˢy kתϬhyM4Kܟys~^.י^kO"N|ma^ћ kұLfNk>q?זvi~"9?H7;i̱Q5V~׶Φb}i~/X'R&ݾBv),T&5nNw'|voqf`k=_+<8g+O%ߝٔg*ʓ*3xϽhGOWMkq}~K8?2Soʐ'eiw(Dӟ+e?Bp!Jeսɷkf _a6}GzcJ7(w}|Wҳ-3bZ~s'ՙ x)7ߜ]KrLc- Mg [ȮUt|d3`j1RE|Sk=׷shM"+6GF5_C~ۙ,f_c[tլWwxWn͏Pz_Ԅ .l1Ha88?~K6RJWo>Q^?~3sݢ 1>2OdD}j̯9)#^#^>Y)R^;⧥FiࠩݠBpŪ0>d[@ȗvX{>O#>By_vGs'hG6Mi+@%+I. ~C#!XΤ|IwKiMSH׵&nRƙ;X7f=t&V@F[<\g~GICuVr铔ep's784!&[-dy. W<ǹ ҿ!8_Ds+>5tn##v٢C6,ٳFn1~%O+8<\DWj56>Dbc|/Cp:#4vq}yYb^h~ux)z%/_}Q5Px~o;Sfxs~Bٽ5+%nzhᆃ:s3h5qxo- K$]^w-o5㩢M?߳kwɝ:pFE#6>{!S% 97Cؐ # G.ԏzCY$2gDn|?20~n}[}}{>>O_G_ꯧpfB…  QFa &2y~ [$o1Ȭfm#D?q2R;/YA+r=m1\5aLvGi׉GyS%_=nWh3; |!ϴ^ eNڕ}Ȱ<|w5qЮkBρ'42dF4eGIkzG@:wЮWsV)oeU,矎?Πؽ'_YM2G$ldSQ0EWc»^u{N3}!wYh>XmLvH6a"4..'eַ5M62GV|M@칇ˌw2FA[Hj.d7FE[l?j?h}R<ǯͦr:UV?3/mſUޜ/Ϟ^{waMV=f璮g2F/hv( ^~wLeV7{ڔgoU9ЭUVЭ2":?zq]wzgRd^ڨp1q7=~w.>u-#{H5-}/Wݿ/BUC3jWC")wG}?>OTʁC~XPB~o-V >XU.i^5cɻ&t4p>_OΓa-ճa]sdRͽ376_xO˲yorBWfT%y?xtkΟc|Fڀb=y1kt ۯO3|oja42K:[pf}Dqf UlYg|Nʵ%/ŖONoKZْ<ɳ%Ŗ\.yFEؒE %Le^VOE%OρuTVg3Lr-wC+5<Otk?<+ֿ86b< n +<]1^ʒYр i|ޭBL{OFtFqHۯ ޅxW{=~fݔMy"GY#{G ̖xN_cl$綿Hٙ;Py] =ׅ| NzvJ QEOخ긚3|_{t 6߬{5_:Lmb6_Eͳ? zm{gHW65r\_HurGy||OirMM8e[s&{!9^g۷N7MCptt͠ыqdyJ7t'C6;2Zd˷v#Ps1oDbby6+?kaٴ g߫rp`A?kRm:Jp] 2{z`cTҗVȪ~jGu׈}mQ ^,T}FU|ȹPfkm>NicƀvH]B},ί*c2uSFݴ'TLV`Lf)/i NΘfqRβ`C8Wٿ6P_Eܔ.A)Ճꉏ~{a\'΂q4ROhu^#U)J/*9ѓ=.UњuI,"Vϑ/yg`㝠4e=eӈ =C!MxX 128([LkźrW7]oA-+f~l8"WE]_1 ~.j$fze߂xW6̟Ÿ_|A$@tmoMe;Q0|_ X$Cp~,zI׹tɀ[(y:$M.YpiZ}oͻ4=·Pe6_ѵ32Z~=͉fwoNΉEZqws GVd_rDǂ csu֔m?v.#& }MN}y#p#מl=l+מ!EFͦu }LrZ[|]CYN_g)>XFX*]Q_ץ|s2VJ]ߛ N]\ziʲVR8'(`sOl`}<%7({ |Xyy(|7lT41v17k3 ߒhQ-ڔz6]2GӟlGKJfUuN?wZ. E6[q;lV<'y86V ze0 FFc3@1}AeCb=mqI]z,*ƦCTpyCt)l4MYTc/gꦌ T:go[do||ۥ9E=O;1*`(wf 3x˳DOleؐ155>V.x bf^)+?!lqv/]N?kO>q/%|K>k34<0f A5ʞyz"v?#)\#ރGyKgT.85O=|·%S|01ydsp!8o&BΟ+EB4!8߾g^pM| y{wâ=oJ> R#x e؅\9V/2O.&&nz?3p~ 78qw6 \9.S*Tzuz*WbS,7́0>߾szjwgqwxlF7E6\b +Ώ_Ec7L^*32!6Ј*v'7Uܭ4՚o~\h~2Lz7wzgw|?VJ?yg)p;#_o4TqyZ>QU'o>9p}&C"={^蹚$:;$9W4!57ߟ<8;M_Y{1?M6l Mb_(V oy;}hU!>YtǷ^/I]jEu) 5Se%M/}ԕ{r"#%?gxKG*&HeM퓤SLi5&/4N>vk=^TQ9Gtm>I#Ε{!BoD1M c9xFa ?C:+)C] =U,߅|Z+:S[tތf~R; ?~}Epf׎o <'(xւ7ÓrJ]=k,nV!KuW<glÏUF_+q+pYރE[2uSFݼc]*[}_cmҴ7z( *tcǪ6o將UWڒT.oTTQXJ N[ћ&5|hc| <0`1gG 8vxBWphHxW3僋4geq&kМR_* f#~+u igZ~W"lignIEz$Yh4LE4os~{=ߵhԈx*+,/G(35w!CyoLHxIZMGS·v*sMlxz=<0&iG-{u9z6 e$Z^I ֹ‹n=V[-tӭd\ ZҘ[-VՉ;j\> o{>~{?D]q4˹s.{>['!8 Gc&+Wu{7x{mJ9A7Q)>_ˣuU!&k}ˣcϚY۱ /tn;Rb}9_yyeE'V+e}0Uhbƛd6ixTC5bh[>Nc=\o jfm(?tgp 4B>.ښ/mnYEYW[B_I+<ərҾtϓfISl~Jx"=;6EvOxحHb?"H=bÞYiY;pǫ}Zpw>߁V~`Ϯq&B#h.lgM:!8שEKc=$60ξ@oy in\HQ|_}Cp|ƹ#Vt JFH;^*wrt{X10yrW_mqɩg2 F瓃eXLGwTEyб-:{:0o+S>fx~gT]]tG5uMpMkׁ3<7Y&f~S^0T'$(οrjf 2xBp:p'd`y8懵!|g~̌4B|/|ޝw՚!|]η8߾Ԇ>߾o 53HT}8߾O}j1Y`>^!|Cs<_ëQa8߾%{4Ϸa8?.'z$wHnx]7G%6BpSs|/}e0oy9p,9H?~l{{iQ n ؅- VvTdeGhjvoocOd|Wb_s7HF.\,~7Ock!ُ]g3e?455$VxJQ|,h~lXOQُ+'8 Yb"T%! .HE:`H¯["[_᭔7מNJ_bODQ귖J}RiL>qbbKGC_NgyN 3 6o0αʃֆvi;8H޴~p+O ?NA˗OU[&N+/8}CJ@>E~l hoq"E7{I衿? vh$خF_3&.F/~w\~:ɥly:o^VQΓy3UH,ЗW;N1uCVw)Iw\oז~gE%Pܨ7tNˁ&^ FwB֒F3FXM0F=cUf1OC}2[{s}z3LݔQsYeߡ}֑hy7}F+[k:vUcjci:8{ʈF+#myF3:yxlÞv@c]5ߧ_g%7{`NRѱ`rA~W=O xu}+0Gj;@sޞh>,Lْ|eAJׄ~_9ܕJڕm/W1=f-f]е-Ma`cfmʰY.-حLjDgG@X={m_*nHwb%{٭UCmj}d$ a E 6O6۞н\;ku&<M,l9ʛmҀ wFJVԟIr|kI\G70[T-ʢRdM}yBp&yRhBpgDk_[~!;ՙmF߾oKE J "o|4i1 # B3G={&.A!=y\'KZ˗{G-'[1_=[f@VuH=W7=^goeĦ,&9@ ,{ uOt{n|m<6\x趲}EF; V`1b%Te3Uf 4+u,T`~wb%SiuNۻ;C:%äN3uSFcr^5~⋣DkώEϯ3wh&(BIzW,18lvplO<MR q~(M+m *VxK&rq$ct_9euÉlTV#_'^gEK͂K YGW$KplpPF=c0Xʀ'X;2ڧ+gx&[DW8NƼm])}ZSI~W~\FW_Ӻ/d[L+ =Olrkpd\LWGlneyg<݆e:{<7Y4.FF/hgZ(ŔKb5bTB 4VӋvۈM_{xꭣC`~Esh~E;̯2z %3Cϭ̪{^9igIoL>4E^u\uϵ]_g~_;Vhu`}޷ ]윥қ%nWIfc$6Q -pVP<ʧgvsNh\Bp\|%Zȹx^,8?."z>.z47L}h.D_ߏ9p}F`xqzg|8S@<g7*0b5.d6# {_lwODx3rZzͳ7iQKr o$ܷնz,F3d}-:_A>A!H;vIϯ!9IWϿ,LboX8翣!G3pfg*r>T;_ebTg [ğ$?scAs^>||ӟzLo$䘇F] 'ӽ5F}(_N43ɉRNxk J|>r6 _'|x`L_<5 o;Sb:QF+K_vz2KiAWW|p^>[c%*V2W;Tg,/p"z1q|Js^z{oT0YtqocPy bxo7X9:dJ{Y I%x]1=h{K fvMUH\(4t 'c 7LQƸSVV8KxG iAmզO6ٜ.L"/7fԙh:oxw+0 sEv'~2$YZk'?oٹ~;par1|ݷN09f-vOU*r;!)C'";ev|eERYfcEzg,)H#MΛ|Ҕo7|ʬ3 A?<ʰ&Ol]r2o>^9|nXՄEX#9|~_.i%қ;F=G0{l_|9`cY>eϘ vwcH^~,J*i_坮иFe}]o/oMVI ]ꊈ#F5o2z>w}oìnogB*k |^Nh%Q,q# 7ik 5:emM^6mppkQ`C̙jDl?Wt@]w %m oWU߽^[īsʯX?g7+U昿}~<'xXM3<=x8~FCFbcs?WR >h <|,i6 ?VVz&DUVk>:*1ɨDzEa2UYcwx7 =W+jc`10:8y=P0<78by^19k=^ ,<a|G2>'0VF,ڀg)s~{5k_櫬?Z&i&v1f42WR^f'2y6 )Y,,68 Øàã 2.  Åñëè min R i w )] 1 k ( n i 1 )), k ( x ( w max[     è max R R n ) 1 k ( n   , òî âû÷èñëèòü íîðìàëèçîâàííûå ñòåïåíè âûïîëíåíèÿ ïðàâèë )) k ( x ( w i , ) 1 k ( n i 1 R    (ôîðìóëà (8)); óâåëè÷èòü íà îäèí êîëè÷åñòâî êëàñòåðîâ 1 ) 1 k ( n ) k ( n R R    è ââåñòè íîâûé êëàñòåð ñ ) k ( x v ) k ( n R  è 1 w ) k ( n R  (çäåñü min w – ìèíèìàëüíàÿ ñòåïåíü âûïîëíå- íèÿ ïðàâèëà; max R n – ìàêñèìàëüíîå äîïóñòèìîå êîëè÷åñòâî êëàñòåðîâ). Ïîëîæèòü   T       I , (21) ãäå I – åäèíè÷íàÿ ìàòðèöà ðàçìåðà )) 1 n )( 1 k ( n ) 1 n )( 1 k ( n ( x R x R      , , w 0 0 w W , W W i i i ) 1 k ( n 1 R                                  (22) à i W – ìàòðèöû ðàçìåðà ) 1 n ( ) 1 n ( x x    , ) 1 k ( n i 1 R    . Ïåðåéòè ê øàãó 5. Èíà÷å ïîëîæèòü ) 1 k ( n ) k ( n R R   è ïåðåéòè ê øàãó 3. Øàã 3.  Îïðåäåëèòü íîìåð êëàñòåðà, áëèæàéøåãî ê òåêóùåìó âåêòîðó âõîäîâ: (k)}] n i 1 ), ) k ( (x {d min [ arg p R 2 i    . Ïîëîæèòü I    . Øàã 4.  Óòî÷íèòü ïîëîæåíèå öåíòðîâ êëàñòåðîâ:                    , 1 0 )), 1 k ( v ) k ( x ( ) 1 k ( v ) k ( v , p i ), k ( n i 1 ), 1 k ( v ) k ( v p p p R i i çäåñü  – ñêàëÿðíûé øàãîâûé êîýôôèöèåíò. Øàã 5.  Âû÷èñëèòü íîðìàëèçîâàííûå ñòåïåíè âûïîëíåíèÿ ïðàâèë i w , ) k ( n i 1 R   (ôîðìóëà (8)); âû÷èñëèòü âåêòîð ) k (  (ôîðìóëà (14)). Øàã 6.  Óòî÷íèòü çíà÷åíèÿ ïàðàìåòðîâ êîíñåêâåíòîâ [5]:                             , 1 0 , ) k ( ) 1 k ( r ) k ( r ), k ( )) k ( ) 1 k ( ) k ( y ( ) k ( r ) 1 k ( ) k ( 2 T T 1 ãäå y(k) – çíà÷åíèå âûõîäà ìîäåëèðóåìîãî ïðîöåññà (îáó÷àþùèé ñèãíàë);  – êîýôôèöèåíò çàáûâàíèÿ. Øàã 7.  Âû÷èñëèòü âåêòîð ëèíåàðèçîâàííûõ ïàðàìåòðîâ ) k (  (ôîðìóëà (16)). Âû÷èñëèòü âûõîä ìîäåëè ) k ( y ˆ (ôîðìóëà (15)) è îøèáêó èäåíòèôèêàöèè ) k ( e I (ôîðìóëà (20)). Âû÷èñëèòü óïðàâëÿþùåå âîçäåéñòâèå u(k) (ôîðìóëû (17)–(19)). Øàã 8.  Ïîëîæèòü k=k+1. Ïåðåéòè ê øàãó 1. Ñîîòíîøåíèÿ (21), (22) ãàðàíòèðóþò âûïîëíåíèå ðàâåíñòâà , w w Θ w Θ w w Θ w 1 n n 1 i i 1 n 1 n n 1 i i i n 1 i i n 1 i i i R R R R R R R               (23) îáåñïå÷èâàþùåãî îòñóòñòâèå ñêà÷êîâ ëèíåàðèçîâàííûõ ïàðàìåòðîâ  ïðè äîáàâ- ëåíèè íîâîãî ïðàâèëà. Âûïîëíåíèå óñëîâèÿ (23) ïîçâîëÿåò íà÷èíàòü ðàáîòó ïðè îòñóòñòâèè ïðàâèë (ò.å. ïðè 0 ) 0 ( n R  ), â îòëè÷èå îò ðàíåå ïðåäëîæåííûõ ñõåì óïðàâëåíèÿ [6, 7], è ãàðàíòèðóåò êîððåêòíîñòü ëèíåàðèçàöèè ïðè èçìåíåíèè ñòðóêòóðû íå÷åòêîé ìîäåëè ïî ìåðå äîáàâëåíèÿ íîâûõ ïðàâèë. Òåì ñàìûì îáåñïå÷èâàåòñÿ àñòàòèçì, à òàêæå îòñóòñòâèå ñêà÷êîâ âûõîäà ìîäåëè è ñèãíàëà óïðàâëåíèÿ. @x pϷ@bBAFqxEbν߽ss'"Jr#2TgȦPWLR_ܙkZv%x026(PΥYq O4E)#Ų#)ۜ{td)ȋn,se%Wd׾ǓwLDFe`3P%`3gϸe:~-4MߋØWyFdl(ɑh_a<[EUF3D i;E#l{2>t-;qYe!R/7}wɁBy':P7W~Om`g5&O_sLnYY3*2q8j;G-zV5 7!\,j/ u>+`-z|N۶{c{:Zsg52qJ86| '{k$u`H4&8|jU#~<W Wsee0LgdvYgRZ)asa3s[zK6T`K#D[u֢cֱ9wc {<ޔ;nOVt0ށdR;l ̜jGgx|83u[xPm6U7\(?1蜦RFJ\B2`2RJ{޻*` O#2iKu_a|uҙ҆*\D Bw?kR;OU5eds@SzC=nK_{/W]ݲV3G wS Y1q5cm9 =弓\siIGˇV>xGHR:{F{a$(-C :vu8:E[<5qޜ]Ұɓ-bֈ6+ӯv؛huخ Ӯ:[ᩭǕfմ6/AW^EYc#>;{yItn"rG696гDϔa]̃؇mHo~C乴 ;k:gNFk|Y}5:ʍ>>>>>>>ӑgtY֕o[gi-N5_CF Ƃco21s^@@23f+ϹkinfW7ko/73_RpӋ3ckFuHF]iy&[f(ܗpQ>BZ9rw{CTy9&|N,9||N|LK9[,ɫ`t,:r5|- cyl)ٹ9H=T7\0),d-k)ϓH,|2QFEE虉} 8զreC]FWu2\bT1{r&r%_C}W_`Yu9ҭ?FrM~7UgD0yE)7C,ǚ5=L}p x6p4ʑ|YO1Pާ|e5ѿI+kyp*p%_Ic')!L:v|—k\dO8dM39 9 dR0\\C{=SVN lΞߔS=ܹ'z7i17:;T7cT}|c_.4co3ߜ1Zmk2M{dz7L3Qԓԍ<rfFܩ5֚dO$QmiΊd1̭yXSN%S*Q> Y ܾ3R&qMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:48  nG C^GfG(16|e2e/ tG1 Y{Gx|UE DjPTPD,HD4iT)J MAAWĶkĆu]j(JDTw;e˙;s3gfΝވySN9DĎN:Z}EZG9t ==q󎟞u..z#,0_d!6œÕ )= TvPp.yFX:2Fqr#!`Wx"v=ޛ4]d ,s">g/s'`}tne(=T7\YhCHs~tīkj^ydN8‘U5oΤFy/) Q7 ױӧ?xˎь2SFg6R2ͧԚdΪmO>Yu5ͧm)c%y6Z7*mȧ+_*%![qߌwnJ#k:OvC{::a3 ;TĎ84/ng#>n#?n] _)3QHGAW:")TGsZ2=IW$Rd%K#n̘^-D_MF_mdD_ʗW})_2Z _b:/&& 2J/KF_+/}pp!o2j@_5%ї%/D_ʗ23}GU)h_╾`I8~5lrǰWgg+حL,:ruQ")_2:_It|\~LA;or:a:ؙ%3DgʗnY#t%;79EG0LљJ3KFgsuPLg љxYtәK3KFgvO_qWk:\ݎB}dKFgsuv*;MFg,|}Pdto|a$~"߯k/bߌF8МhI?-~|'I_T})_Q#}DGx>ii{HrzxҿKWIK_ȗךQXMF_4dD_ʗJ"_JF"oP}P?du<|aZAZI|$dKcbX>7}5/L_/V})_2*|+klri x .J/KF_%/}%#_-&xїBi|$dK_c:}]o2:0}i$|$dK_=E,?."fۤ0}i.(/}D|KwL_ W}x בW_vS \&_Sz o;Ҵ# ğc#ǘ 3?+{(&j{nDNko#Ӝ3ˎgv  ڃ#8tΠ <@o9B bp  0 er0$v 'yWQ`4Ƃ+U`& d0L0̀Zp f `6n7-Vpw=^ژ  x<  $x R |_,{9XVU+5X ր`X6 l[`+qAd;OP~v' ~ ")Hi<~"W$#+? P d@p8HjD<jZ6r@]P p,h1841;12k N'S8 4tZVLmY18rvdp=:s@'p. =@O /c -ƻE` \.`0 pp#`[d  Wq`<&|0 LST0 \  p-|,,np# np' >0 x<  $x < \\ox<^/b2x ^7-6'x ދx#| >R |_+}魊}|6` lw`;?՚5_ǎ0Wmշ7W2owAGpnGnGooG/o(ЎQ !Q!"lFQ49 j|wd68 :zYК1Y(P:y5G,?&8Qp⺐օ.ԡ +|݈O7;=ߝU9S4?<ޛ| gtЄtphK[r@m>%ۿWy^ [.hp t=M-P9dڠW%Quj.A9t^^]'O>P侩r~G4 q? A[׀]Qσ+@wGݐq%(K*húG{HW!Xt{`([Vu/?z| Duʿ[L\o2/SPW{W}3J7p|^+6v︂ǵ`O$M}|r#Vom.pX>s6x ^/q_"x9F_ς`> Y< =h>}, S"j UKEx@|O?cd|LǤOE~B')qt>txȧ_ܥ]/|Sg+I0,cOQ_vp3p%..AZ=9e :tYX[{(: *Q B:@{,,䁎@k@{p.h<h8p@7oB&Z_f⢴=45bg_2%~+eli+hGp6mG(ZNtmv{;vz;-=W ؟:;wp#?K?#>֏?roOL?GIN~'ÎD> ~/.xvޅExʋwu/r!D.}bt H9q_rTSK\zGȟy2"")~ |QADu09LIz!Giohw֟@nEDBm0Vl?SN;^X AГuPXkZ.WteǀC"h>+Ȏl#JH jF/p ^ȳ`1pmhȋ>YB0R <ly]dԅƋ,Y0< 's@kpOёc`SI/O)X:cy,r%! 9oHFȈ' XϛS>A{)1Dx'k ǽ#{^M'pwRF z5 z i1:;52\ '{"ׁF8?-2 L#0zM`Bs5HO'tOLZ--{2΀ O-#4Zt2Z'@3i]5ulnC6>NagL Oe t:CV^*p/Xb} Vz$kDSA+pky;~`h]?z G!`( 0 C0zE`FOp0Rz0 \ .V# 0 dT0\ .fZ(0 ~n. "x`#pp %ܗYuqvAqZԾ8 TA:Z,4Ӥm̐[վ[f -QZfu` /W`ĺ*קE_լWo_׬_o+FJ=F>:o27rq>3.#e_ Ṝˑ-:@Hʿ߀`>z"(Ҵ&hFyaYk'S)L*reh :."AtEFa㰮q'IG;zzP^b= ek_`e^MޫD :W t]3LnNf wg{-k_zy\z~xf7+Z&#A*R#7 ހ߀Ϧf~Qt_1ü;7b7FdC|i,K`%/ct9S;>/rէB>e?d9 |`oD4FW$w ʼz݁}މ;'>B~>J ,_|_c{Ir/G]zsK\xRseG}șGA>g_J =&q3t"{NW|ig^3ͧɻ^Hx!<=ЩSM3c:[wúwu eKz6z?EL{^/"i/E;b(}y@?J{W W)5^#kF¯C_ב:6:ioOﵽ7&ioqoE;؃< w;ٓ<ͽnކOrW]Kw=w{ߣ FAЋ=>#h ;4dDph~`#p,8Ѡ?"Q6=/| yD!Ap4A-P c끺߸s;.|8_Fh9qi_ ο ⾤/%i_ٳ[P.u Vx |%񢫐*rǃ)$:@n6c353 mZ쉶-@X5{m^i4܂=tn`q6 {AF6a~Co&76wILoo36-m %Ϸ%]m%9&n#nr;ʉv^vҶ#{ktv ўo-6] -J3WI*lgۂv~<گw?r@ggR|GRI9K4w<,@U,V+Va}!n|;[ kѸ5PIDzo'J+ yZ*;z{,,[d{<_XaTa=k:U^_e s(,Wx䋿3H':`ryk%*JD#v$Rz =Go_ȿoXBm Xo]vꥺ*,)\3F'(Nu^zM7J;Tw[czl`42T[9l)=zX~vcxܱ,+-CQܱ읩ѱDc:2Qeiѱ, Zܱ6k,X&6I֖XVxً=gO"-OxQy6OϣĽKȢ_؈ֈ3E_CJW?LZ1~?Rߑ귤4߻i{7V%*^SduM KcEGPX|*OaQQixYw$Ή,׸wiz?!ϑ3P+V$~>Tnp<8_nao$,xxV}޹ް˫yyNZ^x\Ya|Jɭc|zƔ::w(kXŻaDEדL;6&C}]uVGl'j\\Z!xߧ?;:;չ{HY<=dUŮ_/*~m@5FmL"lyA;Bi nkg_l ׎*).BOa_t)P܉Z_\ihwҎHmzV 'HSch = wV6xߗ}I3[OXۇ9]` ء:Tfйd88drݱFykƚ6c;ڵJofg\;[:dzW}Kf {?ѿwOZχ7* ˉLZ]c;XN VX1C4z(,`p67 {u]muyQj*= ~< ؜ڌP_r*;%5/,m]NV6'Mn 2{C{u3mcodGɠw9ڻе旬{q yqsF+o;~Iܾ:X~I^}cיcǺ}d㗴(;q969+ܾam&%X9Ќ9!IS|!HS_G74g\>Ot/(A/(/+dKftT㺙/DS6{++nKW[?g$WvldU޶>8~rT͇6+ʇ?z*$m in,Vй~үS-O]蚊]vO*w>z᫊eˢ|xḢyI}.IOo06gmV8.;2]cT62dSZ վ~C+ @ޕ~PiH|ޢ<ǭL%YոZT\J>lhtuWmUsӓ 迭5:j~F;dEѱ2~zdjxy]Kvv]c<约3^%D%Įk[FMߖ/#x]V6-,5jiA}d#[>}?)F6&C*)|_DkzS8E-PJ{=˧<:⇭ tfd[ kt8T3'v}Ywx:{&4]Z+=JL/GؗW/V__gm_D홸{yҧVh|ٙ֫^RNq-Nm;9Nt%\lhKnIbj˧$I?f/۵k6.[zM%\}%^ } ڧӸV/x NDuDכ ɸ eiۖO}jY߶| ӝ|v kkP/Z>^Ok?uUԣ$4D_}WH_'/GuC[aۜ2;)ִ|;|ű5}ȚB'nZ4<Υ^/KНLZ/zYu&m.?Ȯ`htiCݯJ_vmP_}VޢS1.XYi0Fck.eF6=,n14;WT4|vKdkwPCL"P[WTdg5A2rm}Eֻ1},D_}>@eWښH~9&S6[sj݀Z-/g߾vq#d9K2K:hiֵ*K+Lw{Oᓶ=-}#58I aھ_d |dKs7<|kQw"*">}-2^ M֪x4?ƨOizKZ[(ӹne‹ oJ߼Psmѯ,ms~ˀ8wP7*I=-Gj}=^G_`/5f5_u:|#!OP&O?Sy aHr=Ļ_6I?~6^a=HSj`K?-~r ۋk<쐯NjJJkoJv|~*R88Db󋿗e{wޫO h b}\_GmZ {ҷF`/_4ޮ1;w=)y* y.b#un{50jB:9,Q{<׵G{f΋kk/g914ݹ tn^I 'QW0~n5(C|m.$_7 i*i릲Ss(>o^cxM'1mkg$ZyqM]K'*t"c0?ՏuԟkJ'o2TWA$G>(XwwɭT-´g|2 rPz]v?6,-ǽVLx3߉jBKCWŕ'O/o%\{raFXثIB Ym7s,^zlM:@o\dbrHr[%G/F~oPw)c·|Xvp_)w.eAEV{j|}3q8,,Yrܰƻr'-0' jnL̍;7*oؕjn-_QsD9Գ{Z s N6oY:|n q-e\B0|HƨDfGoaG;l~HDfVχ;؞[F0 ӝf{ڢ3ٞt|EN!V8!:oLfQvg$e;-L6žKz%m-TruggԾKvE-$;彔 ;\(uug]fVY{Csazr4]秜4 3XX^l>?x٘+Gj=n DWASՕ8N@~o[~i'&u[[2W[ynlWy8~=TOt?!2e ޱH;v%i+ +,v*_{9JⲴJq-^7矹UؽX|j L9`fJt'>.{FIw[ݾj׮;7Kݳuq-%^DMX(]+dJz؜{q&_^Cqӷ;{:L.kG kHOѴL6~Żݴo?.8ٷ{: [f4ܨi=*t2& =V~vFa0I߃ƍg$Yv׶k \cmT]_Ďm#=R}t}Fz&qgo~A{IPx$g*[-S(?kQqUZ]ugtLGjFſسIWF9ւokWWcbnHvfp k}drƧrNT;9<o7k9˽~pؽY{Ҷ58N1(;QDEIXo|oxni/dG^'-sͥ^_EK^ű5⃾h64/a㗏K<434?M/~X~Y8 _?{յn~7*?ec˯ &1P:WRUeǴT'Wy˛w }:$oa;|ʑ.]]/oQ2,AȐl|:|ڤ}N%}ut][{nV/'1>zee{ῷF7Ͻ)>Ci=|n|(vdm;8m>Yu쵏6 %<}+ќ^#(9}RKmZ {Hҿ كWفgNW|^E]^Eknާ7xzLJ٨V+#6fK^j;w3l6UXMf:xWh!>]wF5!HY@ [uUau ^,,[p%',Y~g7,^NXz|ù^-ӂow_Gh5LM=M59"\-hqK}O( mv+pI_홏Ї0c0m&.<:f[o~Jr&D'm+]u8VѤnJtʧQ+4Y@tpmg:N]k]l*i_+#qgOH{+[ѫ7qg+D;/|jS#/ y%9o}}@ro%Jo kd @TқX ,/ [x4?7lLůWaAaمx,]y-oVѨyDhoM&-a]@ښX}Zc~a_I΢jY y|c}HtoH:h뗮LA=J iAaW^M<  ҿˣtk4/YXyκ&Xݼ59.٥]l]sl`mvV^*&%y=3]u]_ŎjOS_kk=*ǫUWOԛ?~!L_'ŧqVT:Lg#}/VXTz%KiW\- B/4cT2rҌ_NP;'R(^sVSX+S*,/ްkKd~d%z@Vt KS{E@Z}G 7~ =ȶ [?5N~ [?4A%si[ّGʳ6=xHx PoG}v}#E=\ox{]?h|a')ʼnm/fa.CDQ ~|њ꼨=\[E-Ltly)xne 6r Es+9Yi50#'̫zo.XQdo'>l.jɄYN-_7D-&6׫{k6ϰ<@ {Η;֚ggقBAe1?/lVgs4\zt^X}(ZVz@}l`ϧj^YQ>k/>w~&ʳr]&÷ww f[y7&oSt^ ?8G^y$Ͻ?aa|ucs/Z_#~zdv J+m0>z%s|+pە|ױ{s]ϵ0y^Kev&ϵؽ hw3|<מ0>:ױ|n{sۣ(ϽpZ)mQ зCuc[z8{ױ '&\:O^'ZavhZ8{{ ^G${z>MB-ϭ_|_' _ŴPإ.{GuVT2Kj'#!ǯWY2zFvuFϑ<%݋s ^#Dq۵c.gU/hqʔo:΋?]֮8v_k ۊWKuۀ&,|:l es4>~\yTϕn7$_u;'[_r妻TyVk*ld(wT>R]/EL7CFśE/au5:/Kֿ5g%| sZ/['๕MCu֮ka`gz*lO{rs%.C^=Xrjݗ,`k @4~\?/xv%k R/ɓoEJ=%5 ]Q*JWxS=;XX '~~-?s+Ky$KeZ9L~)ެXT_נpMVk!l<Ԛ "8y%B!^t.'nѨsLPHx=SᢦzOC}?}*C=NzJ( {J6KOpnZnsSץJߢo?mmzdn&mo_hUf_&v k7黰vK63k̼ e`Tڇ#2mlCȘ ]eIo5J~_0 Aw:qKo(TϼiԘfע@tA"+IW?ʒ0}E } Ki82A})5:C&4/I_iK:oƓ ,Ƥ7#@zP߸?udt>EtxԡҒa?dsj`5;2sA*4l3r/+(/%D67җԗJK_'}`*/%gs)O:<ԡҒѡVȐA:TZr:Ln{tfܨ_FOAD@I^a| 6g(lRy]ƽA1w^Qo|^zSFKKjoX k/9llo? ~pk.~U~) `ӼoE:/jHRY{i<=|9ώyUk.N{%~1E+'KEWsY=̏MAڃsK|A_Ii RG{ R#/t0\eޣ|OKv K1?๕zd #qA>9qC]ǡ=h}^>NY';׊^ |d}͙>NYڨ4q"̓a>N 0'A+%'d}to1go>g*;g꼸sI8_eDBqqqY>鵢>N:>΋j/3l --Vtɐ 8J߆ϤcxY+`_o֛~tZfUDq-xD0:u|:|:m|w/x!(E練C>eecHn{EszS^n$9,/[7^3EK2+lmy)xܞoeiN3񛭦ĝE\^@fMzjwl\_qw|zyGy6ї{޹ÏRG=P\%{׾R^>|`6c(M~gi,s5L;wuOYinTi&KU|;]Z&TM dj} ({ivZHdTj#wkBz/0[bmfo:F oH}-0>tMҫt8FuI/+5VZ(M|ֆn~fk:-xLQ:Hڊ#oߖB<7)Z=NEu=ξ܋d1>^^iYwO 4Įr+#6d浆w`݋Q&| 6/u|ӲlsNOBv k4oޚiN l+dDq9ڃKf}Jć^$>A}꼸>Wm)vu#|?J7gt挰\sqKSԞ( _Uc+|?#o~sT?@$Cf5&_S|͎Dҁۆzd>X~N"%a2?$M-fY"}pﯺF>j_& [wuN5\WKp*NHGo)*Fv3Tʳ$_\[vZ>ʼnOFU'HEm6J(׆6^FZ0շfm w)J/6z-qrY O#{c{9_6kV>Ҭ-tj4cL־M->=4 EXr5>k{(VQMy$Wcbc|wCdh)Ưx SK>ptA%CxCcPnٯqkT*;l? &H +iҡS]{ӵO$1(B=GDμ+soeyaߡ1:|~䂪 {xA&r+l*j_uy={\ՆŽr^y!zqzo4: Xu=RuQ7O}\۩L[$^G1N[;[>lSZf,.OÝ#ώޣ(ޮ*o>Po|T*VJ_rVԹ`raWVF~3Ţfn9hI&7|~#jr~3;FTF4߸onޅ u^%7ǷS?ff,, 69 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Ðèñ. 2. Ãðàôèê ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè ïðåäëîæåííîé ñèñòåìû óïðàâëåíèÿ Íà ðèñ. 1 ïîêàçàíà ñòðóêòóðà ñèñòåìû óïðàâëåíèÿ. Объект Регулятор Нейро-фаззи модель Адаптация Линеаризация Формирующий фильтр y r (k) e I (k) y F (k) y * (k) ) k (  ) k (  ) k ( ), k ( v  y(k) ) k ( y ˆ u(k) – + + – R n 1 w , , w  ) k (  Ðèñ. 1. Ñõåìà ñèñòåìû óïðàâëåíèÿ 3. Èìèòàöèîííîå ìîäåëèðîâàíèå Äëÿ ïðîâåðêè ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîñòè ðàçðàáîòàííûõ àëãîðèòìîâ áûëî ïðîâåäåíî èìèòàöèîííîå ìîäåëèðîâàíèå ïðîöåññà óïðàâëåíèÿ òåñòîâûì íåëèíåéíûì îáúåê- òîì, ïðåäëîæåííûì â [8], è ìîäèôèöèðîâàííûì ââåäåíèåì íåíàáëþäàåìîãî âîçìóùåíèÿ ) k (  : ). k ( ) 3 k ( y ) 2 k ( y 1 ) 1 k ( u ) 1 ) 3 k ( y )( 2 k ( u ) 3 k ( y ) 2 k ( y ) 1 k ( y ) k ( y 2 2                Íà÷àëüíàÿ áàçà ïðàâèë áûëà ïóñòà. Ïàðàìåòðû àëãîðèòìà ñëåäóþùèå: x 1 min =x 2 min =0, x 1 max =x 2 max =3, x 3 min =x 4 min =x 5 min =0, x 3 max =x 4 max =x 5 max =1, K=0,2, w min =0,25, 01 , 0 α  , 99 , 0 β  , 1 , 0 ρ  , 3 n A  , 2 n B  .  êà÷åñòâå âîçìóùåíèÿ ) k (  èñïîëüçîâàëàñü íîðìàëüíî ðàñïðåäåëåííàÿ ñëó÷àéíàÿ âåëè÷èíà ñ íóëåâûì ìàòå- ìàòè÷åñêèì îæèäàíèåì è ñðåäíåêâàäðàòè÷íûì îòêëîíåíèåì 01 , 0    . Çà 2000 òàêòîâ ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ áûëî ñãåíåðèðîâàíî 6 ïðàâèë. Ðåçóëüòàòû èìèòàöèîííîãî ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ ïðèâåäåíû íà ðèñ. 2. Ëèíèåé 1 ïîêàçàí ãðàôèê 2 1 xWklUvm*.mw(-Eڠ}IK)@RшeCa&Fab,B%j}J$F@}mٙKDZV8|9̹wν3sPe2$'f%h5X+.#r7ה'z"N @Jc28"a4t0cq71F1Gq|'uЬ ;_ٵ7s.իQkmÅ`gwZbx|蒬;" ٳF{RL8hA٨Aqw X-)BL>+9=Ga4ϖ%,4)I cD{0@>p=A'];};FFgldɱ5Z>՟ɹ,ۖ Ra{Xe*_"[cR|ѥ0<2ssI$V Ls߇YK(g/FMX*Lұxxx$kuݒ!b1!2]dcw^#q#~+Y⼅gucy 1 >m&ӾXA1G2S鿂x␁0m9Dhg"vnߴޞOҙ̷)c;#ۑ@-ܓaq|%؈|K{26gy$vڜq%Ecb|y16g+9» xgS0,K1](_}:QF9OLamyQ 7%#fy+W%b+S9V ȭAj^h5 .!='.v%wu.xrS ԋ;RM R.DD6SaǦFoX U64wF@y%\g3z3I{_QJ'WɳP YO o-rp,߸bb1JdUĻ,=IbjT7z㘜Hcd7KrcM}Nc&XrWO%fybd-7r榷~9{;W1zo1>nwy2e 2ed/(Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:49  f Q(16R2/ 1D{|x Uu'6"c@my4B M(15ny6BeQq I:&5:2I)ʉh1U$@A1aƱ(H M 8}g92VZ{Z{w纮{kw̮wC׍N=]7׽w=!tl|zl]7S>*eۺ (p~sx4}USܑbO_ G_9)G']O)v <-)fd. XXs=Z0~00+-hcIy1sL]~Y6ڿU[эF;z׭.?ZqⳆ []:/tq̈́_Cn;h+ClEsmWrPwҸ>y]/;'o/lz޻dwيV򉝺4zv'5'~c]@1V3|aW4_jV柈烣L?7 S7_]]pqwq2oE\>7Mv6>}/K^Z~o˧^7N:7㶝H䴾_o^to}sR)]j}sO?YnC>|Nbo8:d\twYeJjoVo֦рoHo O[s {֜bou_ҍtukc3˞=;0XxR@ 2y*W6isDYbVtA7dd~忄K|7?N_}h{Em\5`OYme3 _dHk~?~]tk-?o yuwNc7k~_w_v{LS햻ꎼ6[am+80{OUޔM|܊~+ߟsC_;@'G+2ӻgC?zV7gM-r0y#}Gt`%^;g?tbb9ݹݪk=]ۻw$_Iqيt̓6d%xWwLw٪l1emRzhiܬyо9(~11\zڷZ= =>|7798!:0 8l -<8UOsƩzʣ@~8Vlv*Oleѓ>eAش{6|qE:-}X]#-9P[&{yXoD㭿?9anߚ5S'K9'>Mu~>~u&x89o0o/wБ$pV: <phpC?2P_GGxGRs,uJ}zRgUmu][t~VEt>9/ BXLL#>D4G3`G/;Y~=ܹ y:h~mfy*_N[,\7>˾ܤm#oCڑ'G#>t|J7%|x*ۮ֍??%Ѯ[ߒtWu9ҒֿJ[ml]HU*JgV. /2u/9~vҠv2{yp|оmn6u=ҍ若ۜ ` R8])6ww&I7{wox7Ywt[nM+{Yxz‡ζ+-}eg-* Ev|Iz>ɫ_2nų6ҲdÓ fΚ)6ieM7o]m}={kw[>v{fkO= }ECiBZv*ݔ~9mҲ>yV=Px|=4d/ȓy@A#K&+޵?<7ۛOKCAX{ep|5+Zwo뭯ҁ5s?^k|v!mgiL|dC譿dGV'yٻK%n//웵{_lUh3j5fbawhdNΗ75ɱ⟴]{}7-s]ǁeL|&Ƌ1S;kݣUgi'}$:;.[g ]m !#k=;& ;]3hKF໹9Zg':r41.¡%\=*UEkmRu˓A.96J 7Y<ŧ^ Gֶs_5vd9;M`}q+kN'lǚvE?P^)O9JQp4Z(]z+[oWdˣ)LpG:j|浲,S|_5U|nKRw*|G:@&1Y r8eڡ,\;3I <~kN7|/=)ݗēCFK[]ҰnJ&_:,[kg*(00IkWǧ~[<ʕSknr T?dJ3,SaUp;W$Zڼ1>aOsv/t{jUy$-@ATZ^e'iO!}^|GS|?V寶sfg{_ܯw!~*;,~llf^{>PVwV֕}pvR2,-{֘>~Qږ^;/ɫ^NK ڶYep%G*ҢWo[:|`wwUGvupwo mM(ӭRV鮤Z[k;nȰx3pɸKR:(@Gpҟ<*znWS-wfY}\yxlkn?<ۃ{UxgxShuy[vW,wvT' gQ6cY}{g7Lub=:S:)^l/ sycGGɀuf ՝|k#׵Ox;{=>ofॡ%3 >ʧy&A:홄S$lL$,OyNy3 *=<;}bQ{ 3~;)Sk^>U}x2=!~G' y?M4Q#`9D!IVj2J6R>w|hޘ/5Wk~JkNt<0ZY[s\bz(V'WE#ؔkIf _'GZ/Owms`ww_IKFn؋S=Ma=zw8惛S|'-yD;|>#h?6H߮.^bk!OYw<%D!n,?7>0-]Z h_z-:]ó|@IKg|U QZ|u9Ybت'qZZu, Ojݿ1wӒY Rߥu_jݗZ{Zh̙ΝOho Y魡# ԳQv,;m^6?ҟ FOxnKv7Y8>=&^o fZ˪ aocN\i!bڐWc':mdﺛdge;%y6>:X]8mOܱY%x?<9^óy?,>a+b禌L~8c۰oo!jG:}2ƲClYݔճ;%+=QlWNِObJmOOPgJ/3`oPN~9pS?[쿇g^,/.L}ғɬ^5y܏Z}[鏝ѝuMOphꗾ~+u˕ ԫ 姝 -yUd?/?27ٟc5S;+Y~Ky6> sv}1Mm}X'RxdB_$7ޝ!p{(}T,U|_Z^<+h|[_|Sm}eTۮ~:RssǞubeeBY?sn!w{:9/>U8bivgFvَlg;tَP_vs7i:)iv;Yݺ:o\6 BZrZ!/ەIn۞9MnYvﲕS=ŗ4%|Rvj~۾Iwekprw2ҒͩYޓtohݤFen{7?wW>]خ9G/OM^YCyDCqA%pTukt~ hY$Q]X.=k=vݹ]4jmyO(,k҃1L?)Aӟeᛥ3Bs"%s֘O(tRh{2'mއ2N1f>`u<"ic~\c/JYchh]޽;zomCr΍u/ n/ȿ 73C;!e>[{c OMjg~I :(<#SȓE'Cj:=/`ۥd?ڛ;.wӆ޶_D86_Թ>7mh:ꞛFM9L;99uKSOysҞw[ì^ӽ8A:ߕJMU3|uشں;'SrP\_r񉟳|o]rԩk e[y}Sx%}c|)>റh?lrMoQޡ5XrMJb&$; .m__E_oRmx+⟌CB`,y194cYc9/3G/ƫ>,S:wyrY<}ҷ9oh.U?_Ț?6+f{N4~EvqA8vYiܟ'_tO۟m#ѴuĤޯ"0?h蘭vѴ!^̲Gs_8^Gyjyo^tqSK6i4$sV? Md,}=_ŬJiߺFեl$/&WwCzurC&xisNgfgTX~۵XWI'2g݅.hFy45y{}zj_{k{%WX1NLY<+=IK/d>h}soohuS2Ϝ63P93uY~/5f=e\NKM3j](o˿JK%]Z^N7>GckR|,-.(.Y>V=96Or6˻ba4%1l,;ms]|>~yO;8բG٣]wuhXN qwiiex\k^ﰆHy] (=*b 9.ZxL#j!ֶUtjN_GV9]ɨTi]eik>˛ ?OI?A'/OŚnS=߭u>1Q`@g6=|w$K|3>#4WOJG5Rwmdhx.ڨ.ydx7Kats7 Ҿw-j#? Wux~{x c̓q7q\މ͛7L{"zxu8BRKhW,e'8yg )_F/UzWmkSxy~Fh<զ2>j'r&4+W܏/ua֜XIYJfr{[YьOtflb2Rq93Ϳ G})}E$3jՙV{Dp9nlp& ugc}h>;c!1än~@]ϧmoI|0Gm|;LMydтk9}?kkx7'4}:&2f kᴷ>}uJb\5~=ߐQ\eG:?_v1Uj|X>2^|Y=d9GMՃj/\\8+-%JăȇlOý=58?1uNNbc3p=-I}ְ=7er֦}kd^呴󭴛CGJIYv O8v+ihy2+V!yEc;<hN]Oi|uJ|S.M뛱i}mOw.W^ޅ@)!vo=NꕱxP^ɿiyX=Z[nU%p(ƿLo5=5T.^u{'M<[|q؉= 5iG4v Sv\ VH~i\QZ=K'֞YkYiS{wztW;'u S9/{A'}ݔ՞AI,i%?rfaP>56=4EM78>1ivjvN; ]IM6kYzy.|er hȚ5[C܌ŷNeuJnew8/K֝nr3>vXyYU7VenXVqK< ,D(ݒ>u-J&_q%Q֖S79@ؠ=ű&{q~qu5Oص{qF3@9dtzgg8u?;tӏ|uq|^?C>krv_pp;]_'R8qلW~ɕȨ2lu\HmE25>}ïec'd\Ɂ^VCn峜쐇? |?O{ 8~h?s|nno-_ө$9fLWW3Fc׳J{hdf_mOqglM8KCJ)k:AE#*XK^F?ݕ^r>zh渍Τ^д! ?JS~}897173]ܳn'_>rJAoO_TW7x~;M,]%GV?>al cÓ0ҶqZ+&큦Ԭ>\_Λ$H_wo75G;;lU~&2z~|xZU?Mb-*_MZsDlƦFMtwkkg6߾z*tܱw.j,3q-~ks?sc-UO ʇ~IZ⯟ \9Yuy'6^ېpc{>c]馥ҍ1?>\tTu'cӢK3^tc;7;о}7+mF^bwuwܿ{~];E#a|> ^uk|._/\H[ˣ#?UA-ggMCun# '/v>{!~SYޞKFRq+K]TY=PuJ'ͷDE' щzt6sxgDbxCۃx[9/{{{7c7&>d؎)\ :dCcUMѪ o lNb-Aڷhx m{7O x7 +vFv|n>w~+onnldj%swrGeO閞ZZM: rP?hp|>.z\}}}ٕ}3\uB}7=6sxo’w{!p].Ms3Pxe, ٠]-Jt#yeC/KQ2#?s!px*_)ڛ+Syeԩ~K[ Ձ >ܩ[C[|=u}tc/(Fݦ#^}S ҳ;rqzk9" [{{2ߪ<>׏]+5 :=+)jՓ _}ҟjs-<(~_c*vOdv}UW?E7>w),,70 ÓÄÊ 621.375.7 Ä.Ë. ËÛÑÅÍÊÎ, Å.Â. ÕÎÌßÊÎÂ, Ï.È. ×ÅÐÅÄÍÈÊΠÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÝËÅÌÅÍÒΠ“ È ” , “ ÈËÈ ” , “ ÍÅ ” ÍÀ ÏÀÐÀÌÅÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÇÎÍÍÛÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ Ïðåäëàãàþòñÿ âàðèàíòû òåõíè÷åñêîé ðåàëèçàöèè ëîãè÷åñêèõ ýëåìåíòîâ “ È ” , “ ÈËÈ ” , “ ÍÅ ” íà ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêèõ çîííûõ ñèñòåìàõ. Ïðèâîäèòñÿ àíàëèç ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêèõ çîííûõ ñèñòåì â êà÷åñòâå ëîãè÷åñêèõ ýëåìåíòîâ. Ðàçðàáîòàííàÿ îáîáùåííàÿ ñõåìà ëîãè÷åñêèõ ýëåìåíòîâ ìîæåò áûòü îñíîâîé áàçîâûõ ëîãè÷åñêèõ ýëåìåíòîâ ñåðèé àíàëîãîâûõ è öèôðîâûõ, èíòåã- ðàëüíûõ è êâàíòîâûõ ñõåì. Ëîãè÷åñêèå ýëåìåíòû ÿâëÿþòñÿ îñíîâíûì “ ñòðîèòåëüíûì ìàòåðèàëîì ” ÝÂÌ è óñòðîéñòâ àâòîìàòèêè, ÷òî âìåñòå ñ òðèããåðàìè ñîñòàâëÿåò 70-80% îò îáùåãî êîëè÷åñòâà ýëåìåíòîâ ÝÂÌ è, â îñíîâíîì, îïðåäåëÿåò ïîíÿòèå “ ýëåìåíòíàÿ áàçà ÝÂÌ ” [1]. Íàáîð ïðîñòûõ ëîãè÷åñêèõ ýëåìåíòîâ “ È ” , “ ÈËÈ ” , “ ÍÅ ” , ÿâëÿÿñü ôóíêöèîíàëüíî ïîëíûì, ïîçâîëÿåò ðåàëèçîâàòü ëþáóþ öèôðîâóþ ÝÂÌ. Ïðîèç- âîäèòåëüíîñòü ñîâðåìåííûõ óñòðîéñòâ àâòîìàòèêè è âû÷èñëèòåëüíîé òåõíèêè ìîæåò áûòü óâåëè÷åíà êàê ïóòåì ðàçðàáîòêè íîâûõ ëîãè÷åñêèõ ýëåìåíòîâ (ñòðóêòóð), òàê è ïîâûøåíèåì èõ áûñòðîäåéñòâèÿ. Îäíèì èç íàïðàâëåíèé ïîâû- øåíèÿ áûñòðîäåéñòâèÿ ïàðàìåòðîíîâ, ðàáîòàþùèõ íà ñóáãàðìîíèêå [2], ÿâëÿåòñÿ èññëåäîâàíèå è ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèå ïàðàìåòðîíîâ, ðàáîòàþùèõ â âûñøèõ çîíàõ èçìåíåíèÿ âî âðåìåíè âûõîäà îáúåêòà óïðàâëåíèÿ, ëèíèåé 2 – ãðàôèê çàäàþùå- ãî ñèãíàëà. Êàê âèäíî èç ðèñ. 2, ïðè óïðàâëåíèè îòñóòñòâóåò ñòàòè÷åñêàÿ îøèáêà. Âûõîä îáúåêòà óïðàâëåíèÿ òî÷íî ñëåäóåò æåëàåìîé òðàåêòîðèè. 4. Âûâîäû Ïðåäëîæåííàÿ ñèñòåìà îáåñïå÷èâàåò âûñîêîå êà÷åñòâî óïðàâëåíèÿ íåëèíåé- íûì îáúåêòîì. Äëÿ åå ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ íå òðåáóåòñÿ íàëè÷èÿ íà÷àëüíûõ íå÷åòêèõ ïðàâèë, ïðè ýòîì ãàðàíòèðóåòñÿ îòñóòñòâèå ñòàòè÷åñêîé îøèáêè óï- ðàâëåíèÿ, à òàêæå ñêà÷êîâ âûõîäà ìîäåëè è ñèãíàëà óïðàâëåíèÿ ïðè èçìåíåíèè ñòðóêòóðû íå÷åòêîé ìîäåëè ïî ìåðå äîáàâëåíèÿ íîâûõ ïðàâèë. Ðåçóëüòàòû ýêñïåðèìåíòà õîðîøî ñîãëàñóþòñÿ ñ òåîðåòè÷åñêèìè ïîëîæåíèÿìè. Ñïèñîê ëèòåðàòóðû : 1. Takagi T., Sugeno M. Fuzzy identification of systems and its application to modeling and control // IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. 1985. 15. P. 116–132. 2. Roubos J.A., Babuska R., Bruijn P., Verbruggen H. Predictive control by local linearization of a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model // Proc. of FUZZ-IEEE-98. 1998. P. 37-42. 3. Isermann R. Digitale Regelsysteme. Band II: Stochastische Regelungen, Mehrgroessenregelungen Anwendungen. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988. 354 S. 4. Ãàéäûøåâ È. Àíàëèç è îáðàáîòêà äàííûõ: ñïåöèàëüíûé ñïðàâî÷íèê. ÑÏá: Ïèòåð, 2001. 752 ñ. 5. Bodyanskiy Ye., Kolodyazhniy V., Stephan A. An adaptive learning algorithm for a neuro- fuzzy network / Ed. by B. Reusch “ Computational Intelligence. Theory and Applications. ” Berlin – Heidelberg – New York: Springer, 2001. P. 68-75. 6. Bodyanskiy Ye.V., Kolodyazhniy V.V., Kotlyarevskiy S.V. Direct single-step fuzzy controller // Proc. of the 1st International Conference on Mechatronics and Robotics “ M&R 2000 ” . St.-Petersburg, 2000. ¹1. P. 10-13. 7. Áîäÿíñêèé Å.Â., Êîëîäÿæíûé Â.Â., Êóëèøîâà Í.Å., Îòòî Ï. Íåéðî-ôàççè-ðåãóëÿòîð äëÿ ìåõàòðîííûõ ñèñòåì // Âåñòíèê Õàðüêîâñêîãî àâòîìîáèëüíî-äîðîæíîãî òåõíè÷åñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà. Õàðüêîâ: ÕÍÀÄÓ, 2001. Âûï. 15-16. Ñ. 134-136. 8. Narendra K.S., Parthasarathy K. Identification and Control of Dynamical Systems Using Neural Networks // IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks. 1990. 1. P. 4-27. Ïîñòóïèëà â ðåäêîëëåãèþ 01.10.2001 Êîëîäÿæíûé Âèòàëèé Âëàäèìèðîâè÷ , àñïèðàíò êàôåäðû èñêóññòâåííîãî èí- òåëëåêòà, ìëàäøèé íàó÷íûé ñîòðóäíèê ÏÍÈË ÀÑÓ ÕÍÓÐÝ. Íàó÷íûå èíòåðå- ñû: àäàïòèâíûå, íåéðîííûå, íå÷åòêèå ñèñòåìû îáðàáîòêè èíôîðìàöèè è óïðàâ- ëåíèÿ. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, 61166, Õàðüêîâ, ïð. Ëåíèíà, 14. òåë. 40-98-90. /xilTUϛ.PB`i  B*H Ԁ(֖U,D 1j4Ib`DP ͘t\'v:4||%Ϲg{{wpX"-2bZL` %wedjW>_XHߢNS˱EVxA-{oOuŵ[cDĜv/2w:#yAkk>94hR <8Fx=uPڡocXC`l=p}A WmG, 'V<  uX+b3_;FYՎ3xښu?Sb&'~Er!W`3 hplƼWvH\+:J njjԦܘSy6k8t\g|$9vvX$,DxU\(` iLޅ=^S`, / r9X>q i+!1N3rxZ>ħy/ur,1b,.mb;B֮V\d?;jZx ȹVM$ҐO,g: ?-kB џh .g2ށ)IV+,+`<`&RQpl.w&RIk_.TgÂmG?+Vky}\>zg-uKw`[.T:QFWj|Ё|mW}ú}#/ *.a )pnp>  9Z' R7.} ؅9 $r*c;E:EO+ވ&1`BXk3ɹozt{A-7{-|l7|W9yƀ9/W x$>?үTj/7rrC@wXI'|/A9J 랩Q|zg.`< ^{`=K?I1w6@2׀Q.8.{;|C.2g~' -cyjn`# Dw/3]{9gY ++Ko.Tܭx<d}d8 E1Ib=p:t}z#ҒttGA66/{!=(wZ]~zNv3rNq)pa]U B࿿{; Ƴ׀瑗_[Uy)$8JFYHaDoC[Y4w`H)/?+W&7~g[[28me"R'+~&_$i[i<<< |5qyoȿQiR&tZ^hKp+V&3ݩ̧lxz WWm^!J<|zħ$LSK_?0\>4 ʳTg%RYA^*RXWu P4pK%|WM#)yQ}MUSʀu2RD6A6?qi"d M`C/DdxBٜ/<!7*T>lwI~+&6B/Dce/;֤AkMQZgiKSu:96]*ܞ$21~)~rF2GɬdB?dW9ҞRxgr@>]yh/20>tB #˦yh1^Cp N7mUS'_G\kJۮ#a$%IbIq;Luf1_czQJ3/dckiHtfO+t@Rk[0lO6bO~ry^Sme$G!c7}3ދ< @G;Ә< ]qH;Yg3.pβ5^|C'|-_G֠".T\J{:1Շqo@L{v@n9HC1vnRt$?#$+X*Ld\LJ{$%ALPL?ӈ6vpЄw`qN3pfF8h Ni8`H'SNy|'83 5.z[\2%S% WK_^{ +Ko[ӿHz{R;Տ%[c-=7"!)?-ί` ?S76wy}LH;`BY |v~.pxOΰ3MYC~ >'q jx8pYXq2cJے'RoOʼn8;<L[Rߗ߬ܿL,PcwK:6 fހOI7'xޭot`y~Z֜fZ49eC9\.Fus71g? +ƌKewʧ~ԇq1FQnDŽ9P.iCqolGs*WS~0YX(:R aFATPwWcF 7ǔ#QC٧؜i_e 7 7>1FwMbvӼi;!6M4֮.eN|x@˻y6+L(/1^^5i*"xݯ48x̸TJEwWnX7Kv`lX>ReA#C"}1Mcpf:F2Lu"qPVeΐu\!;:/]g#ޞ+͊ety[;|z"n$JHY:<$4a `FrayK>mq4of74x@2I`]&{ށL ~!es<օ8rX`;3| j>RCϬxjhX[l%m;f}C_'YbvbZa;a3M[44|Kpnr~:GmpHv3> W\>?G2VWGDhUѷwy&O#W1=δְ+x W_L_7q}lkj{\;R<q (==.|cЛ>*UO]ߒm;`ʬvFVkw*ԣhf䁴goc{k3.X?GV+:zpȹ >q\rֹ  OaH2t'0{uZRc 2lgqy7N ?1.R]roQAhdʸRiN3dgCCMo}Q {z|\e/f.Pܹae{P,eIP}EJ+ B}BB7M]x)Öb}#l;2h9DciE^qy8|` O9Kf(Lx% |9͸'ĵס?WGuN`>+{z{'܎GxuR./}^?[\Q}yS۞fҟ~XDLGqйg[\NJ6%=Y|RFߖuM3<&MmW2\m=̖(u8gVgS 6CEsYҦɊm =XXbݠRWh| \*ub+}>:iӚȫxjSY9r+?-$퇊 M/Ykf=C*SrZ OmO-V rϑ 5{j= DžSw4G߫ߞS3]o9 ,<6=1NɝS\fI>=|x2Ko}k5Sg|o wͯ5_'"1GNmG#mn_eZknZ'?ίSbu'_57kq/ԉ̯!r{*).G5_釣ggi3?~MpCVfiY~X|e3/8?ú$gqgCS#>ֳ?HۿJ;;,tc)SWYv}whok8|&zy-:}%?=|uhKy͸ s=\s^' I:S&ԁqz8O=LA?pWM?X/PDhMzqMΓL {c(ŤGe6Gczʙ\nfΡm6Mw  PeM׼&{zQe~izdxlbp9/t-;姹缲ؚX#i6_+:{q}|gz# oZ^R|wzTZ;EUɿHY9/Җ(ȅ>Ȣ7MG|:>y튴P45ì7[Knhe/u$~ceɒxs'Y3WKN yo8yˑ2GJ垩WG w1|;557$=s6GW09\1̯\,wGV?il=ZOnAͽX֯z&O^}=lAt/|~Rzc˵5k=˦yٕVÊ i' '7~⛔/&;[bt`z[|la`wD?TܣCZֱHcŝX>4FNq X$ɾ殨loY#_m`wnyv[i#'lG;p!m'.eX|# \7N_;DxH[7 >FGܗڟ~ݠݥݔ$g{^Ю-0|q>',•Ci@{qilz2 gyuh]֋y7lXt/m ~ߏ-RԴI[r/k c xg~ vI_/#k'Mk{˴(_M#|N^Cq!~{-wS$KLuec˄z/* 8ױ]:i#>HvH# z7I[!~CǾt.j:xI>Awttl l8|r=G|;?rmW\.ðސZza#[qoV\)Ce=)<欶8o9 cEmGSÇЎt; KgX>[aswpCq_#|7ExG|缮7]~ /WBߗ+ҾdL(o.ڨLFuyvݗ+ 8 / {w4}i_plˏ^ {}A;˝.ҳwW%g7rߐ颞+>h}F܈](ռc)VOҾOw<*A5{.@-⤡/{"]t3ki~w*O3<{0aL%9 lz>tn |h8ʷ]2BeP_l7s~lc;_q1~ Z_-iz{:x nm]%Zwhbgڎ gtVϴ*oh鳊iޡ`~ݫdi?@ohs#{mAd?H{{F/=h~u Oaѿ~dl͍KM7:-|ab֎`./n+eDZ A7_p,XoW_^_om )wíg8wL7j"/l,)Z];wd^Q#}qq9^^-*񡼆Ck9^)s|g^6{MZp#nʩ;nI2Q|x/}"ҵBY=?? 8I~G1+A2rʜŶhyBƞ재t5~(5ٯ}`nA);lbgzҽ$w/o0 5'PXb P|zqPXi G50L|a>·ox }%;N4ǝE{b|_GR@{ù zfq3=>=r_uO85),O;]yg6ܗ#i )0Pfؐ?!EdO E/t^O]rhq{PM85}k5S\~^}.f's _nklsy@yd>q5]Sҗgh-LLQ.2Dq k:>Qy8@5lgC'v6 풚]Y5m;aˡi~|LChj}ҋsqe N?ܱ?pSŇ9DK(w<.Z9awpoo7Qio?W"4aެ9?_n AӗwQ~}Qv̜$7EVܹd}]'%" ;wfTh[aBkv Ju,#kPx'-Ӊkay\60;qxj/6c6%8m!񤓏<8|ivNpN?!rO]ߩaaq]SpOtVSxxx8q~=UZzJ~eZ)\0݃OP^~ɵj+, t>$0ca'caaY~[X&Tȱs9 _'$+ؖg1L:Ap=jݮo71~nԖ,{nr~ U.;і9szx1UN-ތe;Kyzf]" [+[ݫp J ]|Hd`̩wx:ZY3WhN"w03Ԗ!E|se^*up_T~kPկ+__Wܰ~ bpgؠA)* ܜWobp"Ktt?Buq\Ҥ=쾣zOH~˝<؏ϼ&}ŲB_ZM\gZ ý'{=NM7e)<| r^\{8_TgWw#4 u .t )=[=n$w_{{[2kzȂ^)ZW'7]L x .l8~V)[i _X\XUV V7"Ƨ_H1ێ}W|F$B`K{]pl=*Mqط=r>(;/1*;:{+Z&6"u&[xMa㰋0gXcN9~'/iZEhZ!`w"M+ 6F5JT[G_vVY*ip:S_;ۅi ȺbZ#SzC|B4,zܟ =hRe^8]A7ˋ,JqAk M|ho8+»<(wo8bj|,$\\nn_%|L:%Ҧ]lLL54ZKw~*ڸkPYAlMۯ{;YrhΕl-.|b|a|~77Ko o\(.TǾ('Lpg=9 r4ns!|N7<&e4g( q#ic ,<В!厸 i=S׸.,Aq_Ne[B >;_d"|.ˇŻWҾT88`kp 7]rCrsb/S*wa91O'%}fhBvغ s?wtsq;L>`K:Ӎwwty;q3N]i#yxק;bq*;Z2C*wbrҲ;ۏxܑgP4}%:(ޝ3 ྤQ.Cj84,oʢ? WeʘO6qCC~!,a`*r?Sa<r ߁%Ύwdu͐LI#>9q3jx)~x},jJ.K[d{^rߟ! f#F!?-Ln^B7ӥѾY9+aq)r qOg|pBq<>x෾J' o+Bݯ4nxݮ[wAHⶩ'?;GiO{F:xޑ䂸Tɜm̜/Ѕ4S J| k~;"_zOM{|]'i\t>pX樛2|p!7q}׹]i |8oWCM{.ƵWLJ2ede@ =f~agTZZdx-Q tFЙ"Ox\>;w.na] \6>}%sǪ.Eץ,ʧ9yv23P:˳{iuuWTմ7C79|8C<$ 6I޼k-;+z'˰PbHw^6|LVsƏr"_I1}JTߒj +xCh<ͷȳP43t\YGyBX E~L}x2<+rQyCgˑI*9~J꣝+:"[WǕN<2D> =B#"3%JcP/:m-߷&\n oJ$;0Sʴ7x}erׯNz%V>vQuOh[򉪯_ѝo,m[0 fy7*[ 򲝷uG[r^^^2Xgr W5_59|(G7͗Vzx 4~ |^.:;$o7ڳ,s/,K,`<KdMʵ;k ariMYj;jEhNoh JzH_yJ²޴g$svLL;G6[tH+YVNv 6s ^&@~̴~_^ :GJ_16 Ou7s8ݧ[#eUd=|g~um;<) ؟aeF7IkYodW~-Xfgy$$o ;)(o"O[3t.(^}Ce}xl1/-?5~Kߦj۵cy2ȿo.?eiXҴRl$Y)cwA\2j:_8sj;˶grN6B{g3;Xq9>g#/Iu_?ұ%ߑ,_*N]%{8DlSVY-:æMS:2\޲ 7s{2kg4;e:})YozgaOm*^6>1 .aqj_FÎ&o|:ܶc.w'8vKF/Rֵ՘.:)wٰ_Y &=a]f]b|h lRx.}ŴOSGộڛ z lc&گe-*` 7-pX<nac3W` Y.ԇlY_d0n6ng~ )`K9S.Rʗ ;A cwDm2n(s<{Gc+.kw$'vE.2.c \  " YKҟ&/{cQﶎ6"r+<ȘsWux!WhujsLa=\܊ވnXבٲ}PJD)7>ߟX4P1p<]4_A|5J \#twDCe]ɩlc]Ŏc~6Nw~K;[77FN>}ʼy.ud^om%1ԶۯıUbTjx'ٺIcO=]6op]ӓBm'F-k{?7Y3Fk޾~VeeTr&m=[N;8YndT$g>:^~n?R=qF>"E/^x"Epx"E/^x/ubMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:49  N ,:NN(16q2q/ON1 8h{x ]UuNI`B/s^ڿ1絆KR瑋TeZ~lk[5TikX*}Nm/j|T|$!$'Is}\cιWڏ}6Ls9c9c=}Iܬ$Y|$di%I2=I2p&I_[}ɕ/J#5=/N{ڧN~3W:+Yܐ+.yO2$ -RՏpfQyJe"OzrYi:˕Jdu/Ȭ%J\1JwҌKkS_\jЎ9-L߻|],Lb`]{PϴiCNu~gUnPܷNd W'Ru2Ϟ{*^:+o|(Ct5@9s/T>wPJZ}Au526vɹ W:pPZ~h+͚^mQO:JZ'Sy'GW}WJ81W*_2ȖbY2DX0tpdO^$+fG:_VN1|IV&֟G9"My6F>Ya>=.m/<ߝ;Nepl,o걾cYmX2Ycnyck [:A^ lQ|$y7rYRUpH!7,QAXߦKh~pw~g,_?&.IoUNsݻ|{==?7Hg̾3_8hϙ7@Vczt_eO${xah-RO蘒zNExAN>02U3ߵeA3NH ~gq m|/Yc 1oi%ɪ])=}y?:[G7?eCtOe<}ʫԒ+6Ci y |fOK6\;oWmD26hv(]w?MLoi4UO 4.̔L?jTވ|L-:iU7Sk*>Hc@ o?@MO&$}WjFP7Ӵ~Os\o5.i/A)WyTӇ>h5ZfoZCWB.j+4۹Mq8zٕ xbNSڃpA^Ua"6@/wN R{P#U ?K (^MGw'QZ AtsAJZGjAP+䯁|W!R7o~5Gjaz]lY_aiǴ] ܁~Ȝ|!y?@:#d]Ar>7xHlt&_^5;Rox]8\?p6A@2p''uD?sj;Y U  NCGs< ]+ۦhS #t&HAmb5Pp]u>kV R{]~Gcf?6ռ~ ;ZzU|ʴ~2m""Hm__(S%y(62/ a|>P@P2Q:A`P7Ҁ}AGG:|evG;?~.hA._KC[A 7SCA = c|f5IJM5Lă5pGm{S "x }4o=lM3Ua"u&E?H~!մ}X?iV`U1#wC1 >kj~~WMqaFH ~Ťeeb2:99K_S }$ &?" L{|+#Eժ+Rjي/rk&ZuE 1g۽֚xhh 2$f)|@ ܑ~I"EFTx-h_B&n;DѦWZV=.L/uҵzmC~&RZ/De@ʛ1=vGʞNW4i@:pF'uiGմ2wX}̨kxп=zүeز)?Rz}KZCٕvFz0SyJ H=Z ڣOKFk 71SLP@( oحygg QTĄ; Fw|>zUQIU9>z}gkRާ~=(=\s 05u2V1{meۿ\LѾX A߁骔wͬb|m%S+_| dOn Egw^xnǖ_(;.g^5(ov>UHvg۱A&?~^$K]H"N٤7dFaMk@+-^i-%߳Q>#?dU?f?]!F_pRP6OGHJ_TJKB pD|=g?Ǥ#5U>Zf3LOI*땆z9}I,In2&^@+x3(_SO ôTq:@FU)~i*@T4~Nª6wJWD?}O~M6~:*R5ӯGZ5Z)"~nIMUZ3 6W-_5r*٧TDU;$VN@_ 0+76rSJ_0-q%ۿڒ*qJE&pE9K9k-ϸj6xRݺ; hէ l`ă+\:P'#F~K)Ps$UO}ށ@V[jSS]tU<}>ХO}EQAU= -g~$үrk(=)Z]q.ʟOjG 2UR~4LEfCc8~ S8w[?NDTS9-Z\Q#K P C?ҰW]щtH*zF7O?d=Uh_?tD }-E9V9>h +쿖 t[=h B|I}GavfXH8|*|V4U\`E< 18S`nWU@ P~[#KD3m~")RՂDWѷ/iMfWAtp+\DifeDȃ:>P[_$~"5_Z- ZDmHifeDȃj~%4U2"AtKJ T$֗gTkVZԃ hwxe=T_ξmC^82Kw, `߯ʁ΍vz@[G|A1ӏ(V#@@<غ||,?@j[w177h([EeCAtpXL`1Q*5=Ѓp_B~caDAoY֊uX~Aoz\X%?0 |zo%#07H A~Ҕ/o5)HA^K_Hڂ~4 A)_@HFRH%Gk}jwU-2T3HEO_Zк FVK!UAi3B:^ذR/~-OC٥xOVw D!8GFпHzAtpKZZ0^5ԃ MӟQY@Ǜ>(jRA['bY=^ xzB?p\Y%HAt BoV)լ#h/DE12i#اAhPWmbF WZVF<疾 OܖKD3Ss#b/?>k4rGM/_A (VȑV4U\GF䫺 " Ʃ )Vo &*p}4z6Dj΀xpV;tf D%Iѿ)#"#ojJ쳊ʽOT"Od`u# э^P}œ }<_!Sg_$, Okv0G?v>GlO2Awu~KZ4=F{Db~+^޽zx}?6Z-_~?#ZJo;3LZݥ}Y);>Пx@f"Cw\?5(ѭn} ?X;S7g~_ue !R{xUWG_O- ^S N)i$$"VODR0]>Z_˃N珆M?E~"^ᣕ߳gU!Joٲ'"K;}1fjN+~h6;@6St,#\uEC,UTI?ӏiA2O-rlAմRTI?Z& '4;V?X/n/u~?I3"}0g*V|1KMONZβj [ʼ~|5ZW7pTv~5ki|@E3`P YY4id@Q5hd?#M>yrVLjXA([f,*k֏ji1]M/զ42(cZ?Z|uZ?^i{V(rp㍁P^;8A }L@~/lZDنYGA;"{ʧ{a"?/O\{a}A(Ӂ^ 9k{a;~5}/_сa{aF vB߄ zx1&A ˿ A19Ui԰jF6nيQ e[Z lņ,;kз1kkZ?i;,`Mۻ1O f<_kJ|QêӯW`F÷#g p2gڝOc*Яφ홰[mz);?ҟ ܳ !~&L lPDP_A;6 GceYǤ{7|J6x 1U?dҦ/ߕ*}k?X{{vj?[I_g?P?XζVSy-"UX,w FMoiL맹Nϴ~kyL맹N7*)<|۫Aiy#>/I>}މg$e4IF.THyE*(ϼf<|1Z WÒY˲1*/Q^# bio uɯ&xp'9-L>}NuI0sn¡$IYIES]uػݠ:o[]'$[N^,.g|ʣN<7\>֡Ĉѹ9;Is7%UV}_P'tZݶ 97#W''j凖ެ˕K >֊uzp[7'nw0yusUQu"nT6[f9:F'^PfQ-֍u,[~u:J3.Z"E*Ygxf R8aU(˦}! p򚌖ѧ2wdk39S|N?JKF')uW%]⭪HN4f ٔZt;LLqlTRlGs:1EoavU. V1[t=١َi?<"Н=<#-Y>!m<+Ng{jS.-8lF+Ӧѡ -ꔬ>7]*r6X9c ͍ud;]lR16&]l.AK_ք!!Nlj z F0+窌m p`lfgoMgz?&A뎮c:m_!=C6 l6GG1os5< 0o;lOhV[yLwJ3tEC+C8+W\M9-6n1p)83P/o#Y'b7ҭn|hOiA'Xgӵߑi غ!/sfs`~jpxϝ9c; hs|W;U~Zz ZoLuU0v$"3?[s.'(#9ڼLwLQcܗ(jlhZ&o,}{h3O`DԏP֜L򝢌6_Jdg]D1z]0w̙u`o lۖn{?)f|RK,x*6ascܱ͘o :>C =P‹2=R֬j\UmѮ߯QYz%["l/l3?ƜL^[?J[_'(/pX듔 mp }TU\_p킌5r٧ƮG;7;iv]s'J_|Et~uͣ*;\c了}6܋ f7aW'X>'R9Na+}2Y`Cl^B˔#9SEQo[շ4m\ XTz-hwN35dL甋MɱM2~U]~UC}Z-kf`ǹpjI['^|Z pkLdJ92?l~bel'4L3)pOmU_|\זܚ` lMRCN= &2ωqYt]?Fk'͍9!‰ٚX69O)XzDɼ>C+7ȝ,\KnG 3)MV !3됶 Wc<'9Usfi~0O+w\%d;kpnϣӨ/p׈+ j!T^8YFzteeO%Ao7Q7wc)#:$eK}qVB@Vv>e,tͥ<xRr/M{&_ue}o/X_X>ᕭ*E9;2쑼MWFr&pO90XRgMLva[![: R~v䵢1^}xe{ʟ7۹k`;$cāwSxi'0no$~fؙ^i cӂ?)m}雵}@omX[bzxܫXͯ-}8RxeF}wߤ{koMQGF>gK.dGsr`e2?>󟣒8;)Vp7 cwz}^ R6isz=qy]>d2``ô %|[h-Gecc Nf,3.S2K.o>6`GdNɚ%֗>3&Р_Kҁ7xX~mސjMϘ-X -[ﯩ/^ Y[BcYhtscqnyn{'}.l[鈱:5z[dkHGxy1а3Ȅ<ƃ~x pNi Li \uO|np~laW?9Q(*[ X\Y%'$7 r}{4 ]=[KwmҋΘwY+k5uE(/USBH1G6/6 P{x2zo2S#e'ex|7c6!!$k4ek[C&Me~CQ%6I:Gb}ާIry@/o-û6"T=[&>i|&!/IYx,la7|k> ỔI=ëp|ߵM#1׵/d\'ݗ|>pYsͧv 3nR?M }c u*04<g ]}3f,a]-??\zYf˒n覓u?պ"#s_2BY?Lv I)[+uEqbuG{}[>yoRR26@f-*6ȱD| LO+oP>Qv c4_Eb(F3xJB#n@#8 ,F+ bvucJ֫K׏G.f߯>B^L<*;[|%uW]'v׎ޥj~/0nH3ν2gZ_gv`cNn2<=ex1J2|1L2#[2.t2^vָd./n_d\۹vQpQORKz=G[04vTӥo`<^'F|P֗{pf#U[@cywl!r`>fcm %s}+gjnq`1Gs}C K;tˤ'^#}8Ec1-FQf{cG/.ycS}!ݙ)ѡݝG{hm`_N&~*Vz;^AKSlvC_>_So' l-T@=6 ;Zo#}1?{Dw/.)\xXԍn~c:@}{h/dƂgS RTjf+AuM=բe>Uާ+xK&_{8,p{=J$%뗎8~羧ϞzZ{sI6xV=9vwdexgG|]–q۵ֈ٤k.=;8LMz=Y5Wh߳4}INOʏEN eoګ /ݮkvĻ1{}jџ]gK@s('soqˤ?~={C+g(ex8,GV_S\Fv^|ԖkoP'kɵw;x{CP]NCZUt5>si&Xm5*zε68D _?ܮ)5~tpg}q]:~T\?J'Q^<_km.NugFx#RI,^8qܺ8q\^QW7$|8nj둩K8{XryM~u[W\/+^.H%Ym?"׷:+^6zk쳉ҳ@ȡ?(m{޲:}Vm:+.:댏\g^L* 3v3bfwSb@JK}ݗ!1ng:`.ޅo_BYnw_newyˮ\gX\kn|  > y69ؤ]g)`+QvUFw%|+ճwSmK@yo\l{_$HB]}OߥVӭu0>B9=ߞUЏ3{B<{b}J[iP 8hǞ6>lc'CЦ9Ncyƚ*kOjyxSWl?KݷJen'vm s,o-[q}wWg5ͯ)aBLncuX20c%0XƲk-Ki2 Mf gZƔb37F?ílj`Y9q\U}ϗ>}.1{ʺwSCaO^n4)Y}*|_VïHo`Hw}xw,ʖM%l `}G蓺3z ?5mRozd!8OY=Ƶq m쁵dͱ\Vz)7nƚotޛ*WP}3t)Mn1_ E67Ɛ;#{cRCͯR߀2wd4iMY#)moq{%|7ߒ\EC3bݙȽV?)v9Az4Y}d8Oez[yoηW]} ņ[.nfͭg>yTEDɺ^Vasl`o.8[S=E0Ɓeo}x&x6&'}def}i1֕ 6^0ֶl}XgqgwVotLV=>י':"tc1,u~O>Ǹ֚Їng 2̔6+mNZt.~lo2l[e l⛂A&>>wJSY{}۝]ݶ7m6?mmqyyg}A<  ǕʷJb@ N7yr_t>xe^>Y]A\}Lt ,}+XPlxqu.g0b l /{ny{g ߀{BL"ӄ^, R8AJ3Ek5Wr4DW _?%. nGf|I?gpKؾ{{7?Fh6m}čql L| Ś'N\ 8yF&O଱59bY#;t~]uQktJ nqq»HvPQ)t@ɚ/q-"ŵwצҳI(ӂ'5{-eOSD*k,kQF精ʿ]aZ\Ceq-1i-y'/uqiZ2s#&H;xL[td>6V𪲹2<—ᭈ9v#)Ëx+HX'x͊xҥUxwk!+\[Qo7ޗk.][9~|M+&5-f=e} [z_k!ޟE;x7J+~y@6JK}i‘|HMr靧#('Iiv@wA\f]~|l^`K29ؒX $oS%ރ2J=*_\2Z>'M%Xg/фgS] esФG5F|Sbd#6qT^ Υ!E\xm_qo^7{~&Xm,njW6vNܔ?7amR^ٺzq7#~)mrĢ{>mx ȥed-֟PI-ycu'}=;ml3i"OtNȱrY/+[']>Fw-կ霚s✷̽?eu2\iJb1%JҜN{`' LQ_Cvs- Oy87x1[:FElCnnm3װ!>ccѴ~pGic/:"w~ߖ薜`^lJuaU߫]pgU`+hyS NIfo1b=K %x0te t>R}# t9R+4{/e4ц6AGa~p:4}7.m[ѢxaI5Du2mS)mDV*yz#%4[S^\=ƤޑvLkz:%tC2wL/9BS>S#pёutm떼 )GՇ~=obg[O8Vյ '7sRez2k|i>μLq̟>+.tȱEWClU@0֪LWĹ9 oQ_I~ZT{Wn6O3sᚗyP7݀Ma/6_YJxƂc|MЧ-n*ZNn>Z;nk {B oFu8Ϗy3''1 0k;e̓%fa.߃2I]>#4+;1><{wyyl #-v`ѡ>tC?u)ɦoxCWwk3~ӷbB`l 8=sf/]X,;xOgFVdޔ͖ЃϽ)a]mc>u2LgcR>ӏg_Dj8 :Gw^ij7EۉZQw^@zt\tL^ E~ta/߇=5 X%8<|ЩfPf=+3:4س_}tFEH!%nzfTi{)"mH.v]y@/Q۾G:Zf"go~sݓFjǿzћ0o^}W߇e0e$_>8O3 _w_U2櫮zׯs׾:z>ݷ0>\ZئaS:Y|&39+;؈GU5 {5/YĭrkW^?N޹]:o:8-ECZ9igio)sۺk8~;^?u9g W.پ:u(m@s$r^\'!ûB87_Y;C Zxh3!rTrE߈ |L\nLWeHi@1'ǎ3/xo;X[b7X'T~Z%}2勷 ٚ[#';V 2_4 Y\`jnxs2g!4n.h":, ]Z/[Os>A3u|߸`%GE+~^)FJ/I>OΙ#lS3 cg#{v_/ۍY+Y Y&Sa7ln, 2:7t޹ 4) rnRb7yn ͯKpۍY+Y,yrF؍$\&6ym\+y^M})'+p|ʿ.U9rki^O! 4\Ðdiirzd2~eL> }! NFxVL{y0'=lds2UW~qƛ`Uxb~8`nd̛9ռO3k71ML׫漁7 9oz5ob:xW欃7g9z5oψ'*-*ҷ7W7{Wsxc{[7olm*x,UegWHWU@_|_qV*Kt"* 2WMh܇݇s5I_#> ãuufuo/O= y~St{?.?"|_ީlƽсS&o y,ȫTr݉Ewl4İCE弜þV f׌Ѝ>obqbb2%fE&bּڸV2%NS}j]lbVbfΕ\y]T+Ĭ&f71+{›3 ޜi71+YM ?>:<7)9O{5obVx{]ƻYorxsjĬ&f71+{1oxG8W&f}D<-/ŷ1~)-ĬfÛ+1xo9^[ Eg-1]-; U?1C̺B%}q8`+MK݊YRxQd"FT2M&&!)q2q/'7z2)/#qTL!n"ķWoy*p&x7 ޽8OƯګy7 MUo|:齚7qMԫ<7 9Oz5o&x7W,7g9z5o#ـo^MfÛ+Mf=+9sxc⍭[76⦗j*yUhl2ii㦋$ qӺLMG!S'q2'!2'B dXe^n`s= (B99O=&wx_ռ{Mox*7>^͛=&zsޜ7q{MӫysޜE7q> ߂O÷̕Wz owx=oXxc፝7ol T;4MsIThseV*c8s؋CD'*?ƵCLF2Eym\/d$)8 _u[F|~y&x7 ޽_7~W&n7qݫ tx{5o&x7WyoxsjM&n7qSYo2xsjM_/|d^MfÛ+Mf=+9sxc⍭[76x4M!n7mV!n(R[ԍihMNԿ1'qZt0qSzZ.xT$q2p(/qP7d0otJ|#ZyT|M7]c䩎{Mox*7~^͛=&wxOռ{Moxb9yo΃^͛=jޜE,7gQM܃O÷-(]Wz owx=oXxc፝7ol Tn'9V{.V!;JelRd @ ~]De 5@\25/}|߭Gz`S59{׫y05U\o|.񹽚7q #M\ӫϼ7q kM\ӫysޜ57q > ߂O÷+]W:/eߜ/b oT7K¼ʼ{SYo|*Ozϙ77{sx?w9:ǟsytNμͼ+sޜ%stY9Kzsx3ox3oxJc7Xt999Xto o ^WLro{+6b8~`MRuruOCi%7v dm{ev)s\_רDۥ]%qTs%,_(7שʹ_㗾g g-g8~[ [Q,HG>>xF>27n(ћ{)z:!;OEYm,,72 Ðèñ. 1. Ðåàëüíàÿ PZnS íà òðè âõîäà êîâ (îò åäèíèö äî ñîòåí ìèëëèàð- äîâ îïåðàöèé â ñåêóíäó).  íà- ñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ òàêèõ ñïîñîáîâ ïîêà íå ñóùåñòâóåò. Êðîìå òîãî, ââåäåíèå àêòèâíûõ ïîòåðü, ðàâ- íûõ êðèòè÷åñêîìó çíà÷åíèþ â ðå- çîíàíñíûõ êîíòóðàõ, ïðè êîòî- ðûõ ñðûâàþòñÿ êîëåáàíèÿ, äàåò âîçìîæíîñòü ñîçäàâàòü òðåõ- è ìíîãîçíà÷íûå ëîãè÷åñêèå ýëåìåí- òû, èñïîëüçóþùèå äâå ôàçû êî- ëåáàíèé 0, p è îòñóòñòâèå PZ n K (ôàçîâî-ïîòåíöèàëüíûå ëîãè÷åñ- êèå ýëåìåíòû), ìíîãî÷àñòîòíûå ïîðîãîâûå è óñèëèòåëüíûå óñò- ðîéñòâà, ÷òî çíà÷èòåëüíî ðàñøè- ðÿåò âîçìîæíîñòü ïðåäëîæåííîãî ñïîñîáà ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ èíôîðìàöèè. Ðàññìîòðèì ðåàëüíóþ ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêóþ çîííóþ ñèñòåìó íà òðè âõîäà, ïðåä- ñòàâëåííóþ íà ðèñ.1. Çäåñü À,  è Ñ – óïðàâëÿþùèå âõîäû ñèñòåìû, à Q – âûõîä PZnK. Ïîñòðîèì ïîëíóþ ñèñòåìó ëîãè÷åñêèõ ýëåìåíòîâ íà PZnS. Åñëè íà âñå òðè âõîäà ñèñòåìû ïîäàþòñÿ óïðàâëÿþùèå íàïðÿæåíèÿ, òî âûõîäíîé ñèãíàë ïðåä- ñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé àëãåáðàè÷åñêóþ ñóììó òð¸õ âõîäíûõ ñèãíàëîâ. Óïðàâëÿþùèå ñèãíàëû, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèå íóëü è åäèíèöó, ìîæíî çàïèñàòü â âèäå: t sin U ) t ( U 0 m 0   , . (t) U t sinω U π) t sin(ω U (t) U 0 0 m 0 m 1        Ïðè âîçäåéñòâèè íà âõîäû PZnS òð¸õ óïðàâëÿþùèõ ñèãíàëîâ ðåçóëüòèðóþ- ùèé âûõîäíîé ñèãíàë äëÿ äâóõ èíòåðåñóþùèõ íàñ êîìáèíàöèé áóäåò: 0 0 0 1 0 0 p U U U 2 U U U U       , èëè . U U U 2 U U U U 1 1 1 0 1 1 p       Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ñîñòîÿíèå äàííîé ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêîé çîííîé ñèñòåìû îïðåäåëÿ- åòñÿ â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ïðåîáëàäàíèåì ôàçû òð¸õ äâîè÷íûõ ñèãíàëîâ. Âûâåäåì ôîðìóëó ýòîé ñèñòåìû íà òðè âõîäà, äëÿ ÷åãî ñîñòàâèì òàáëèöó ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîé ðàáîòû. Ñèãíàë íà âûõîäå Q, îïðåäåëÿåìûé â ïðèâåäåííîé òàáëèöå, ðàâåí íóëþ íà òåõ íàáîðàõ, ãäå áîëüøèíñòâî àðãóìåíòîâ ðîâíî íóëþ, è ðàâåí åäèíèöå íà íàáîðàõ, ãäå áîëüøèíñòâî àðãóìåíòîâ ðàâíî åäèíèöå. Ñîñòàâèì ïåðâîíà÷àëüíóþ ôîðìóëó ðåàëüíîé PZnS ïî åäèíèöàì: ABC C AB C B A BC A Q     . Ïðåîáðàçóåì ïîëó÷åííóþ ôîðìóëó â öåëÿõ å¸ óïðîùåíèÿ: ) B B ( AC ) A A ( BC ) C C ( AB Q       , òîãäà îêîí÷àòåëüíî èìååì: AC BC AB Q    . (1) Ïîïóòíî çàìåòèì, ÷òî êîëè÷åñòâî ÷ëå- íîâ, âõîäÿùèõ â ôîðìóëó (1) ñîñòîÿíèÿ PZnS, ðàâíî ÷èñëó ñî÷åòàíèé èç 3 ïî 2, ò.å. èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ìàæîðèòàðíûé ïðèíöèï. Ñ ïîìîùüþ ðàçðàáîòàííîé ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêîé çîííîé ñèñòåìû ëåãêî ïîñòðîèòü îñíîâíûå ëîãè÷åñêèå ýëåìåíòû “ È ” , “ ÈËÈ ” è “ ÍÅ ” . Åñëè íà îäèí èç å¸ óïðàâëÿþùèõ âõîäîâ ïîäàòü ñèãíàë ñ ôàçîé íóëü, òî ïîëó÷èì ëîãè÷åñêèé ýëåìåíò “ È ” (ïðè Ñ = 0): А В С Q 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0  0 0 0     0 0 0  0     0      Óñëîâèÿ ðàáîòû ðåàëüíîé PZnS +xklTEϽݶm麕 Rh15>" b@ (jb JH%aUԨ~0񙅖6j99s̵EKE$$2dTSEg0Bd?m9ui䣐PdKҢ U:XVGSPxO"#RzMm`$#YKar Y\ e)NDh)NH8;9Gh|IcAع^&.Y$G.SI9&"X!$ (B^8mHzEA|)` Xt.s/VyC2`Pn;䀝.; 1V1ڱ~ 40~"dk\T>ux5ly==ǸuEz©y.Fot^9岖9,u:rTIlEک2TN zgɔ-{ZNԮ@VXS5T0,!r 9kx=u^ósoʑp-҇aT5p% ZjiP³ \ ӟf kz3I>[Ю@9aSk{3<Y3ƃ;oF>C߻ KZ<bM',Udmjz OdS<[]ZP sy<"ja,I "~~kg[u-4gM%Ձ@Y[yJT}ɗMf%Q6鳹ݓ20^=ފgbxY9f{g=4,oc/3Ǚ&.1w&{wUsvvӸߨܞ+u뽺} ;;WW}r{st;k';_W,fWb/$QgW{Dk[q;bv?Ž6wŘ:{'v^N??nw>&;3wP[?~ 3g&\?~ 3ѴMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:50  Jr KQ:B(162/P1zP({xݝ ]U}fz .< 0LK BPRJb2%%AiEˢDD?*F;`Q| -@$w߷=o |u>kk=s9µs+!40O zy'M i7 ۅ9Bx`>fKçEP._qdI;̽Saƒc S{w>;k+?-K#c]sk9_TLYRI7e,:\0lv]e^Ֆᯏ+3TWm_N:~:V>=^܀ɇ_9`2y_Uum)Y/b)U,FzP>M HFI}F2G scJWsk9$6IcsݐUmYL ;.<wg,-'ͯbX!6&,6}foi<$ <^K FS~ L>c nυQʘYzҸ08'5C⚱}< JNڱd6ϑir.ccد6r-|DPSً5VЛcӦ|Ιnloe&v޷͛FyɂayG\?cE \a#j}ȫ ~p]oiT(kxxC]];'SaVv#;pL8" '+uz8)L _ǙZ \_§*@QNSާybۃFNGTg<|Xi˅V! 61A 7=o=yJ'ߎr<|&dy/+`&'|e|?+zzUS;Uz?<Ǥ-&U2p,~cS!ų5X*$&fY_s<}@S_*HYVvQ@:s~ re|'ԙRy7J2>ḣoPw;6h[qDwIo}*c! #o$c3֜ØL;<2ٌ#H \q,|0sZz.^)Mܵ*8߰cpގ;b̩NtޤANgpm)_={/n-nlY$sye T S׾}#==1S^go|_p}^2{LPdX:ĵ0, KfXmyhaΖ+^8f*SZ`]BY_p>F_8n;Б/tL@,yvf[S [93ǵ>95h뗭aycUdSbQX[ʫ3 /jY\-Z#Ig47ڕL,Uabwl;0b9v2< ɱo9"u2G <+AqPz^he6VyKB-Vz"rw==j5tThC?2FOa5.d[ ?ȣZM0J]XR_%ȣo6S<*;(cbG#t)ΐͺS(CS`핮hOز{ۤ1S[K:qO1Eqzyo6L{ M|7S-'wp7|&|cձPvk]Ɨw/y7|ӗ=&[b~?Ov./io4>kdzxKxZ[S=#Lq8`{'5ї{/iARƗ;Ioop@2/ WD]D!H8l."q+'x~[x9:zkEz5"^Z%+xE ϶!|eQYEY& X2&:u:M9SiNc#=ND)u˳8z{b5(C]UeZ`fagaXQ vƶ3ЖԯGi_Ͱ1yG6 B6SU͹*}M6/K('r#Úl]k[~W1m1 i5]˹>;/3 ](e)y,~.YWOuZɻCy=F_3V_Vȟq=K}S4e^dX?q:"yඃil:|{3% i!C397. eKw Z(X3F܅y=:wjWr=3 vq_9ͦcyzq~N؈Lۖ咶͋\gRQ>ˢn3F@Y&y,lyzm=+9^9c<ı>,==n綡Ea휎,|1C#,&!6y@K}C;H6u~&:Xy֧ov^!i(ۊ аϱ vFE~Cmvx{VyaAA)"9.:G-blꜫKFv]_v􂍙ikOc?6/،s6~iLSfu^B64ds ?>%8Z R=!q?V^Wonb?2WҵdPRNqwYmr[fN C>k+Pe}f lM>4!ǾO~wƌ}þbENwSʟ&A?-Au_*/jgIٸzC^mkz~N|)?R@[3Ř<__q^؊:u߂1m.Vw{Hnx'Q}qL2JX6d[vq b7I6s_:I#r̓fʋ|} ϟG9S(ʒr':7 YMaM4.iW+<:[wtMBy}4Ї SWƸ}$/ btg, ِҟXJ^t+ލ#IPD_}Ƈ v[ڇ>)/y5_yCN~xĠu[Ө0?tb=11-ю Azx~bx )};f{g"댯e+4@7Huґccۧ`-_"m̹̗ɦ :r!7_[;N[oʦOYJ\ܑWю2?xUᄋJ I;ЫEy?AN_N|kA#ێbgʂdɯil #6qNy\d T?ǥ噟F6}k?I~o)q̿(';<I9nTS[etyuj~& edE@_sZ/r|$eBY?&5ieߓY9F heӸ^ͺ(E/ӵ>|8?itb ]5ՏGei>đer5c*}Uz /e}WhocOc5ǖ7mN~5t'aUm {|&Ty};U9+ xWސsB2a#c*#ºtǯw1zw"gkޚsoexC黁/~є}?T0Whپw42S@Y|"nxusQNnٻz1CJ)+ W+Y:?Lt8*AC4|Ra?qP1౨Mbا-{$kqN& S#Ǿɚ%-kxFw]ӽM7~f?_{XֽAq?u79KܽzW +>c/w(;::Ij[Cs ^cpO 3nbOx<Hvb ٻ~-(9Ne:9֗4GQ_֗6YOk;^D넭Nez/[_E}[_tƽїr}WYz/uK/ti})}[dlӺiz/rju1(g%P7!TG Nm=(xOT}T3\U L+SV1Sy5c%>*H }nˡ }0NuKjh3&٘TĚ} b3҅|\8./Uo52yi Rnk`#}Љ>`Qbr=K 6m5}M9Jn]ٗ"j/F④8>CLIqogy|F;h }VKoCtJ}Mٗ]6;2CmK\gD򈬾S{&;>!J{(':5O{'/az3OH$}U}o޹yߩ~U^%|U]~_v}}>CU˰w:.yCzIms{>#ݢ ] yۛ5)G }0#j|v.GVO~zB0ka$Uyl:\'`׾I9yO$ <-(CBEo]嵓1\ɣsYx|5q"$=c.\— imuHG"?2hx/ k9|M'Tסy./.mL:UO yW|b]Ko%wT. TP6o_H}ոo Oқvk:[Ӗh-/>L\9f?Rױ=~ttUƼћW{]/xۘYr-|0m?F?pvb5D̿.,ʭ[%~@$5:GOnZx\T }"rpn0~m.Mn:`Y{1μĴoTE}-n>Ժ~X嘳hxfoQV;Zɜ1s P|?J sկ']H/ NDA9Gϣ.빗ydݭ~Vq} ݾʷow|Q >Zc8}K+[÷OK' Peo]ֶO}{?,z4قk%d}ۭjvöu?(]''[}NeL6z4oyίvx*@fzu2Zs$sn7rIx _CY\^,]Zm_L_!ھaИʊ1{i%IJ@ۗ^>xLeYˎ:GU50=\#^~d>'`/ivT\XCYۼwոTc̯oZҲ~싳닒}aohy^h;1t"}àWUV!r7^J1p+>yYz~'7H'bYcJz{i;1VcyI?m+evN _M+?tg{iuwK4aױ=mtzϜS'4Oii{G}PX(Ѽ?4Qx{m)õܼ;5i;ѷԁz}0EeU:͕N?N_Hotsso_"_/ "o67m7Lw^"m_&c%?yۇ@5-wv+R+/Swmϒ /^p\[zq'$>J%ܗ=eWSys#"6w{|=7<7r eύO3 3 /~OMV_F)ggz`=kpK\=B\)z*O_WEeV0Z0A@s9>#r!:t M 3eIU|2S\[%X%!$mr3C&SP mx{Ms:+wcՈίlDUr5ݗ%(qt)}r|,R}SF.95R-mަzm%p8۔5Ddy~7zJBY؆E۸\Oe/9E-Z6'/:g.KՄuYJm7_nzaⁿL/s!,_tI핦#6"˰gK_^ڎr[vv^vgO*]jN}= "e>Dsm^a.wۚ>h}^oQ/|@|0K>ݑִ]#l;"~za;dCqw PwO ZdO)5mH/za;dUJv;nVAQ k{:k@xNѹKo΋q Gp~w~{N>Og31~W%~2Gsxȟdx>ƸO}GSN,cl\f)wٚ ٖM8vXv`˹VuXέ*`ʂ\؝޾y.;d0%a$yaT[>:I?ߚ[쩚x%]#,Q-1&}Cv1Gm_ħo}de[ B7u+W"[yOx،ݮu&t~-uQG4džyu6~,1꺡z-sC` ~HOM8xP[\=Ҽovl%ȑoEWTOU4~{#[SivNvn Ӎݗ'm v2觤A'E8SHcرQ+x\7e@?z$~h'L)w=3cB\~w:ߤ:'~2;+{^l~FũG;TJzn\=L+Нv4jɳ ?3v]2u"M,u r?K9$^sn n9d|֗sb>x(G1<1A ENo: @7D{]5/gSz^u*i,IW:W}MuhBRB4T6r} B(egAy_OIH{ חgWb'Oo=xGyC.~_IF560nl[Ûڗ|d_ @ڗSdgeKꂝ{U/ʋ"-ԹۏGYa_fTa5.~;e8K'k dgOsKM@=פmؐ6Cr6&>2 4v'4chyҮؾ^/6 9ʆbcz]=]W&U/gU]xU]*z3^HGj^͙O~$۟?+˸"į?Fd#>V[)cHھ^ |(,|B C9xc&>2Мo?4 <(<|m]=0p3Di|ż=]k>!߰b<;$띘uM$1>uԿn7?\,ܶ}9@C~].O>7g]G>m5/y"CLEYsC1 P:^1,,73 AB 0 A 0 B AB Q       . Ïðè âêëþ÷åíèè íà îäèí èç âõîäîâ PZnS ãåíåðàòîðà åäèíèö ïîëó÷àåì ëîãè÷åñ- êèé ýëåìåíò “ ÈËÈ ” (ïðè Ñ=1): B A B ) 1 B ( A A B AB 1 A 1 B AB Q              . Ýëåìåíò “ ÍÅ ” íà ïðåäëîæåííîé ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìå ðåàëèçóåòñÿ íàèáî- ëåå ïðîñòî ïóò¸ì èçìåíåíèÿ ïîëÿðíîñòè âûõîäíîãî ñèãíàëà. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, òåõíè÷åñêè ïîëíàÿ ñèñòåìà ëîãè÷åñêèõ ýëåìåíòîâ ñîñòîèò èç ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêîé çîííîé ñèñòåìû, ãåíåðàòîðà íóëåé è ãåíåðàòîðà åäèíèö (ñõåìà ÍÅ íå òðåáóåò äîïîëíèòåëüíîãî îáîðóäîâàíèÿ). Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ñ ïîìîùüþ ïåðå÷èñëåííûõ ýëå- ìåíòîâ ìîæíî ïîñòðîèòü ëþáóþ ñêîëü óãîäíî ñëîæíóþ ëîãè÷åñêóþ ñõåìó. Íåîáõîäèìî îòìåòèòü, ÷òî ìíîãîâõîäîâàÿ ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêàÿ çîííàÿ ñèñòåìà îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò äðóãèõ âû÷èñëèòåëüíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ ë¸ãêîñòüþ, ñ êîòîðîé ìîæíî èçìåíèòü å¸ ôóíêöèîíàëüíîå íàçíà÷åíèå. Íàïðèìåð, äèîäíûå ëîãè÷åñêèå ñõåìû ðåàëèçóþò òîëüêî òå ïåðåêëþ÷àòåëüíûå ôóíêöèè, êîòîðûå ðàç è íàâñåãäà çàäà- íû íàáîðîì îïåðàöèé “ È ” è “ ÈËÈ ” . Ëîãè÷åñêàÿ ñòðóêòóðà ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêîé çîííîé ñõåìû ìîæåò áûòü ëåãêî ïåðåñòðîåíà â çàâèñèìîñòè îò íàáîðà åäèíè÷íûõ è íóëåâûõ îïîðíûõ ñèãíàëîâ, ïîäàâàåìûõ íà ðàçëè÷íûå PZnS.  ÷àñòíîñòè, ëîãè÷åñêàÿ îïåðàöèÿ “ È ” ëåãêî ïðåîáðàçóåòñÿ â “ ÈËÈ ” èëè ìàæîðèòàðíóþ îïåðàöèþ. Ýòà ìíîãîôóíêöèîíàëüíàÿ âîçìîæíîñòü PZnS ïîçâîëÿåò êîíñòðóèðî- âàòü ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî ãèáêèå ëîãè÷åñêèå ñèñòåìû, ïðèìåíÿÿ ïðè ýòîì ìèíèìàëüíîå êîëè÷åñòâî PZnS. Ïîäîáíàÿ ñõåìà ìîæåò áûòü ïðåäñòàâëåíà íà áëîê-ñõåìå (ðèñ.2). Çäåñü x , y , z, u , v - ñèãíàëû, ïðèõîäÿùèå ñ ðàçíûõ óñòðîéñòâ íà âõîäû ëîãè÷åñêîé îáðàáàòû- âàþùåé ñõåìû ñ ïåðåñòðàèâàåìîé âíóòðåííåé ñòðóêòóðîé. Íàáîðû ýòèõ ñèãíàëîâ îáðàáàòûâàþòñÿ ïîýòàïíî, à ðåçóëüòàòû ðàññûëàþòñÿ ïî äðóãèì óñòðîéñòâàì ñ ïîìîùüþ âûõîäíîãî êîììóòàòîðà. Óïðàâëåíèå ïåðåñòðîéêîé ëîãè÷åñêîé ñòðóê- òóðû è âûõîäíûì êîììóòàòîðîì îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ ñïåöèàëüíûì ãåíåðàòîðîì îïîðíûõ ñèãíàëîâ. Выходной коммутатор u v Генератор управляющих сигналов A B C D E F Логическая структура на PZnS x y z a b c d e f Ðèñ. 2. Ñõåìà ãèáêîé ëîãè÷åñêîé ñòðóêòóðû íà PZnS  ïðîöåññå îáðàáîòêè èíôîðìàöèè íà PZnS À, Â, Ñ, D, E, F ïîäàþòñÿ ðàçëè÷íûå íàáîðû åäèíè÷íûõ è íóëåâûõ ñèãíàëîâ â çàâèñèìîñòè îò âèäà ðåàëè- çóåìîé ïåðåêëþ÷àòåëüíîé ôóíêöèè íà êàæäîì ýòàïå. Âûõîäíûå ñèãíàëû êîììó- òèðóþòñÿ íà ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå øèíû a, b, c, d, e, f. Òàêàÿ ñèñòåìà ðàáîòàåò ñ æåñòêèì ïðîãðàììíûì óïðàâëåíèåì, íî â îáùåì ñëó÷àå ñõåìà îáðàáîòêè èíôîð- ìàöèè ìîæåò ïðåäñòàâëÿòü ñîáîé êîíå÷íûé àâòîìàò, âíóòðåííÿÿ ëîãè÷åñêàÿ ñòðóêòóðà êîòîðîãî ïåðåñòðàèâàåòñÿ â çàâèñèìîñòè îò çíà÷åíèÿ âõîäíûõ ñèãíà- ëîâ è îò âíóòðåííåãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ ñàìîãî àâòîìàòà. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, íà îñíîâå ìíîãîâõîäîâûõ ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêèõ çîííûõ ñèñòåì, ðàáîòàþùèõ íà âûñøèõ ãàðìîíèêàõ, ìîãóò áûòü ïîñòðîåíû ìîäåëè ñàìîîðãàíè- çóþùèõñÿ ñòðóêòóð. Íàïðèìåð, ñàìîíàñòðàèâàþùèåñÿ ñèñòåìû óïðàâëåíèÿ ïðî- 'x{Luǿ/ r!/S!Wͭ-/Д,/y!+̉sf MkZ/Ptl-ygja}>==!YIJEgXR2' iB?졌>q4H8j.F_0iQZb6;[ev;K٣*+?Cځ~Y+FZnGHd\QRrv.KSɽ?O6sΠD#o-06ByweOZbb}9Ը{ 3G`ꈉf*:wy@c쟕ݒz;Uu.b,MR4deH1MUuk.)n'i^$5pUF-)Q!kqjEj鱅Nء9fGF$jvOQPj Θ}FmPcfNS\wƝ\*P!Kumoy9 |w߁:<zl0{*( ;G7M0*9z}؍r2qMZŷ۽ux?Dxfk\YC1{_^+ӗm΢љh1w?Xzb5|, S#٬9b՗8vQcǷصll.pnXXmŎDw>BL+QH݉Yk S9}IIԑ0JbDerB%x_Cr#X'pƸj'+c!Jg ^5Y$?`LQ g?8ch?s4N5èG[&7^G߆|GNWB-$FZ 8Au䢏)kepPI#h$n&~ o@7h15t2+}AC:_P qs̿ ~ĭ=4?M\㙘2=&o O8 fqR֕U>Xm+Vi ?|>Q9`2Ao?vqs Cٝh,yA*Sp wwb w 'w8ps㇣Nb:ù/o%_Wv#pY}qvSr93=&wíS|,|R!@^⼊yu!JO G(ߠ2Ƃz~d,R^OM%#+8T{}<X4ƊV8D-QsBG_4츶9IwǗ0{ۏ}ZjaS,:~w(Ozߺ12:- RuݕӇ*=E鉣Ʊe͎yy,89sO&⍳J5HY]wz>a6;邻b۶G+x숝BVЮF?"Jzw _G[/yaf/}˒vب<_x<|sϩOJ?o^n w*>>SIwr7U&Ej}soVz$%8|L47IM*D߶Uo_c4^/Ϳ6} W囝͡+aWح\Oخ6Q33b ZMx=RrHX0ѐuPC?TKKjv®H;i|U}bm9QIOex^VO])u䙗y.2)ܢ8,@f>R#uO3cpG~vs=zn>SwKRw+v޽[#} ?YxQZyIWت=R+IAzue@fz. >E66܎ >Ք ~>Z/n}lT\ƶ7jQظWU٘ {d8UM}u|?{xI@;YUg-<?^U>=HO[#7.;#@iFf)Gr)uɻO)퐧}ڠ)>)F ~p6́zЬK<䡑' m麔h^%ObNYg| +;8R'bxψ+#y9z X?֡f}7K<8d5@m}m~Xet Cuo|^~E |h '17˒~vH뱋L;}VC芻~VT n[%qV"˾4 }|7CtB'r=[mq}dy/Aj~nE[GG}'f>Vy<ĉğ7wx O< VϽ{xckzLQHf>-D<蜔yzAN389>;c֚ 6Kf#⭲uh۳<;N z]ssO=1+_v{MG=6Vmc7RFZe7nGg~yL>fC5w(vXֲE[y;Oi}f q /.pnA .kDyeNUư@0L}R=;Kc_S|6hu%o}EBA=ֵ*,zi]:2MkՃ5nwC @ Yy2W'tsK$կE[G9}F6/B4_R/5ۄ4r'82I]f؟N_jtfmKJ]|`[K7qT)ZM97٥o»~|vhgnyAڣ󼖞6F`߭:;c oA u_0՞׿i;=\!TW1<~d"O >tG9ם |S{gaCl] l/eR>`G?A>g(lR顇vxu[(X?5cӽJ?~?y/ѿ׋ƼM~n5W6dCڧW(UqH?E;#v9EzwJ_俽]ixê&>lMq1Sέυug2S d13Ψ;Co\6bzHSRbBHybc~dW? d+چv;em綠< \lu)O? \,2r;G)Cpiݯ'&~upV^ўmE-n;q[l鴥|W*Y==eUr}.7zoW?#ޣ/޳cl&ϛ*:?mO(q$[یvF֛m5i^2!]RƇQ >z:yvmGsByqIxz8dPCP}ć&U^.5J\4 c]=O1#Zv`!{+{E E>=?{&bV-қ ;>oum612s[%EypR<džv#x/6],*X'گwJ=).!XΏ=nppq犕ZzuNրMܨ lKh֗-˶,h۾WgRf;R 1J۳,bcb@а1Zeㅢ=yɹ,Hoda{%p;eH|~ԇ[Zu8`_4T?%=16<̍ȻO iKMVIAs_տv*No8Kw?)r星44+ΠYNs5Mc,/x>q? B7Ozo)uǶkJ\Ǯg/<ƙw ~y4E(!G 3CK|VeGGϥ"k~Vaثg%Ya~7l0^n=ytj_Szfy#=ŹҧtΒ,komu|+tr973H4F,]dգGq 3:>(Cfc\4vhUˢ}dkއ;1-SE=D;,wR%$ :#E5ϊz58׶N!ykh9CN!p?c >/xu8]C:<UzjUphqux%XwNSUۆ,-"^l{QM}GM:\GJ;:q} <: kx1~R|^i՘y$6_;4>Nrqhܿc6ouF,dwZϢt􉒎 ~Vhh֯teڄNoqX ]9 /[Rtؙ7|<λ/:#=.Cuh<{URxeIri˱`sx9us󅂿5 'EU{hU̴YG:; ²|z 1o֪&,>ƾh "mt> [_G4۔zЬ>z-: 7z>A+22m6S7ǜGrŷJ[ c}?#Zpv8FxSyP`6xo|oRׯӀ8Yϔ1NQ1>(Z۵|<{'~o乌_z9dیqz,{>Cc[O zs0uj >Ψ'^.C`[KtntonxtAoP7D?\Gc~S6Sp~ʹQ /8lr\# yF:Ȳl >!%[bOlbE!5Uٚs΀`G|ڛ<<o L-։-0[yLm3jqNɇuX/SÎsP~tǼ̿B`C ) @>|аTqUp^;IxOUʎɿ __g͘[FOߒdUn%YM텭Ä;6.RS[+@>;{";UrqK[~/%-|E-ZR(y zZ-.4VxztJB.'ƌ)^zO, 7V \[Wc[!\ol>?o o K[µWy wEvC߶U30"Cަ1=s♸ yNk5ǟ_ O#Ə<bHO~W e{\HŹI8;kEJj9zEWz7FuXHYH7>3XƞMQmte̙L_#wF_ (;"HaMVNL1/TZ䡋!W }vhvH ӻoꏵ~1i'lZdvF6^1/r"}Xej2\{o汖S=ʱv|)fӏi䯬Xŧ9^PwP|zGyb\xw]c탊ვq}vpC]& ^-$~T8yӧ\^oVnek/ڼ]%Q~,>b)P.@.ybn!/`_ 1yJ=ot2Ro_UVhy)@fN F'j/K^V D-S{IƆ^۫I' XA~/~M_oh_IN=0_TwP>R5}+OJ걀w^+RyX8՟Oj`{>ޘ,ρ'7D";?|p*]:h_t?@{-gM@<hIy!W9kkQ/HAR%VN?I5NK&}%KHַ܇[w~V~EYX npU~A4ntO*3qGTⷰOH7۽Gtc _}D{TC:wxI0|>Fys,xRpeނ#f'o@N{V>QyeB`3v_~+l鐘~}H[NVu{F/]gӽmf$m'OQjϛ+xЛuh R]H[{nƖGjyy߶&eY}_(>Eߕ|t6g|?]nbMXJ>`(xKw,-7xF7th[q ^tf;63)`^c-2(?#_;FH4ڄ-v>:DM|⿄c?_E2clI9n-X##~1^poh\ǸF xUyh',iן:!ü/b5,,s74 èçâîäñòâåííûìè ïðîöåññàìè. Ëîãè÷åñêàÿ ãèáêîñòü PZnS â ñî÷åòàíèè ñ âûñîêîé íà䏿íîñòüþ îòâå÷àåò ñàìûì æåñòêèì òðåáîâàíèÿì, ïðåäúÿâëÿåìûì ê ýòèì ñòðóêòóðàì.  äàííîé ðàáîòå óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî ïîâûøåíèå áûñòðîäåéñòâèÿ è ïîìåõîóñòîé- ÷èâîñòè ëîãè÷åñêèõ ýëåìåíòîâ ìîæíî ïîëó÷èòü ïóò¸ì íåïðåðûâíîé íàêà÷êè PZnS è èõ ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ â îäíîé èç âûñøèõ çîí íåóñòîé÷èâîñòè ÌÕ×. Äîñòîâåðíîñòü ýòèõ ôàêòîâ ñîñòîèò â õîðîøåì ñîâïàäåíèè (3-5% ïîãðåøíîñòü) òåîðåòè÷åñêèõ è ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûõ ðåçóëüòàòîâ. Êðîìå òîãî, ïîëó÷åííûé ðå- çóëüòàò âûïîëíÿåòñÿ âñåãäà äëÿ äàííîãî ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêîãî óñòðîéñòâà (ñèñòåìû) ïðè çàäàííûõ óñëîâèÿõ íàêà÷êè è âõîäíûõ ñèãíàëàõ. Ðåçóëüòàò ïîâòîðÿåòñÿ è íà åìêîñòíûõ ïàðàìåòðîíàõ. Ïðàêòè÷åñêîå çíà÷åíèå ïîëó÷åííîãî ðåçóëüòàòà ñîñòî- èò â âîçìîæíîñòè ñîçäàíèÿ êàê ëîãè÷åñêèõ ýëåìåíòîâ, òàê è ãèáêèõ ëîãè÷åñêèõ ñòðóêòóð äëÿ âû÷èñëèòåëüíîé òåõíèêè è ÀÑÓ. Ðàññìîòðåííûå ëîãè÷åñêèå ýëåìåíòû “ È ” , “ ÈËÈ ” , “ ÍÅ ” ìîãóò áûòü îñíîâîé ëîãè÷åñêèõ ýëåìåíòîâ “ È-ÍÅ ” , “ ÈËÈ-ÍÅ ” , âûïîëíÿòü ëîãè÷åñêèå îïåðàöèè êîíú- þíêöèè, äèçúþíêöèè, èíâåðñèè è ïðî÷èå íàä âõîäíîé èíôîðìàöèåé, ïðåäñòàâ- ëåííîé êàê â äâîè÷íîé, òðîè÷íîé, òàê è â äðóãèõ ôîðìàõ. Ñïèñîê ëèòåðàòóðû: 1. Ñîëîìàòèí Í.Ì. Ëîãè÷åñêèå ýëåìåíòû ÝÂÌ: Ïðàêò. ïîñîáèå äëÿ âóçîâ, 2-å èçä., ïåðåðàá. è äîï. Ì.: Âûñø. øê., 1990. 160 ñ.: èë. 2. Ïàðàìåòðîíû. Ïåðåâîä ñ ÿïîíñêîãî è àíãëèéñêîãî. Ì.: Èíîñòðàííàÿ ëèòåðàòóðà, 1962. 335 ñ. 3. ÀÑ ¹1490722 (ÑÑÑÐ) Óñòðîéñòâî äëÿ ïåðåäà÷è èíôîðìàöèè // ÕÈÐÝ Ï. È. ×åðåäíèêîâ. Îïóáë. 30.06.1989. Áþë. ¹24; ÌÊÈ H 04 L 27/20. 4. ÀÑ ¹1216822 (ÑÑÑÐ) Ñïîñîá ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ ñèãíàëîâ // ÕÈÐÝ Ï. È. ×åðåäíèêîâ. Îïóáë. 07.03.1986. ¹9, ÌÊÈ Í 03 Ê 3/53. 5. Êîðîòêîâ À.Ì., Ëèõàðåâ Ê.Ê. Ëîãè÷åñêèé îäíîýëåêòðîííûé ïàðàìåòðîí: J. Appl. Phis. 1998, 84. Ð.6114. Ïîñòóïèëà â ðåäêîëëåãèþ 30.07.2001 Ëûñåíêî Äìèòðèé Ëåîíèäîâè÷, àñïèðàíò êàôåäðû ÏÝÝÀ ÕÍÓÐÝ. Íàó÷íûå èíòåðåñû: ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêèõ çîííûõ óñòðîéñòâ, èçó÷åíèå ìíî- ãîçíà÷íûõ ìàãíèòíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, 61045, Õàðüêîâ, óë. Êëî÷êîâ- ñêàÿ, 218. Õîìÿêîâ Åâãåíèé Âèêòîðîâè÷, ìàãèñòð êàôåäðû ÏÝÝÀ ÕÍÓÐÝ. Íàó÷íûå èíòåðåñû: ðàçðàáîòêà ôàçîìàíèïóëèðîâàííûõ ëîãè÷åñêèõ ýëåìåíòîâ. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, 61009, Õàðüêîâ, óë. Ïåòðà Àëåêñååâà, 15., òåë. 50-02-12. ×åðåäíèêîâ Ïàâåë Èëüè÷, êàíä. òåõí. íàóê, äîöåíò êàôåäðû ÏÝÝÀ ÕÍÓÐÝ. Íàó÷íûå èíòåðåñû: òåîðèÿ è ïðàêòèêà ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêèõ çîííûõ âçàèìîäåé- ñòâèé. Àäðåñ: Óêðàèíà, 61170, Õàðüêîâ, óë. Òèìóðîâöåâ, 17à, êâ. 96, òåë. 40-93-43. ÓÄÊ 338.24 ².Î. Ò²ÙÅÍÊÎ ÄÎÑË²ÄÆÅÍÍß ÔÓÍÊÖ²É ËÎò×ÍÈÕ ÅËÅÌÅÍҲ ÃÍÓ×ÊÈÕ ÂÈÐÎÁÍÈ×ÈÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌ Îïèñóºòüñÿ ìåòîä äîñë³äæåííÿ ôóíêö³é ëîã³÷íèõ åëåìåíò³â ç ìåòîþ êîíò- ðîëþ çíà÷åíü ¿õí³õ âíóòð³øí³õ ïàðàìåòð³â. Ïðè îáìåæåíîñò³ äîñòóïó äî âíóòð³øíüî¿ ñõåìè ëîã³÷íèõ åëåìåíò³â ãíó÷êèõ âèðîáíè÷èõ ñèñòåì (ÃÂÑ) çðîñòຠðîëü íåïðÿìèõ ìåòîä³â êîíòðîëþ ô³çè÷íèõ ïàðàìåòð³â. Ïîðóøåííÿ ëîã³÷íî¿ ôóíêö³¿ åëåìåíòà ÷àñòî ïîâ ’ ÿçàíå ç â³äõèëåííÿì ÿêîãî-íåáóäü ïàðàìåòðà éîãî âíóòð³øíüî¿ ñõåìè. Äëÿ êîíòðîëþ çíà÷åíü âíóòð³øí³õ ïàðàìåòð³â ëîã³÷íèõ åëåìåíò³â ïðîïîíóºòü- ñÿ ìåòîä äîñë³äæåííÿ ¿õí³õ ôóíêö³é ïðè âïëèâ³ ïóàñîí³âñüêîãî ïîòîêó ïåðåøêîä ïî ëàíöþãàõ æèâëåííÿ. &xLuǟp]ǘ$fh\[VZmLQgSҜ,Wi?4],Wn:l²Z +Wj欩hx빻^ p7I|.ZO\pI:ʁܧ/rŽ}Ih{FPnw' ~!\ fzp^R䂘w ܕOY-E16bz2_w9T=UlwDrG潴#bG[o17kq:޼\X#f>D';YsGY95_wk}Ł5HB.۸)ZhE.3TIm |KR7^xuB6Pu )ҥJO?Sf_=nRuW/ʵ@'[^JRVtA8>Ii}-^6kd6.Wi|,,-)EƲ"{fCƾvu/msh){3]b9m~Wy?U66mBM1RUlCIOw9QpmeW(>lQ ݡ+Px0l f\x-lNpxo-PD8`~'c4y#Gp;~b;\1oLjCKj7%rgUvJ02!;fv^` FM? s9 I6wu}Wg̙'z@^$xD6+q=:s}%CWy1BO|:q&v\sC[SV_8G K5퍒cںQaA._S5gXq9=躦p=]zK۸ABICwpŽ⛴0sOӔ^~׮pߖ׶{-Ϥ6~MlQj |z=i!ӷ㇇{$Kז#M˜8>عpz8kNzz~zXccPy&󕉏mP}}_8n^i}PhU8^j1dOr鼧n]2.F|X=ΗR.o`>ېBPpm9^S'㉼(9 opkqn/eONJxQϫ\|q;_;z@~Snc?y&y736]B_k_7;6~#*!ЮR.ܦ11fVazrZy)6^`g?ωAw~l>w~(ۡ7e(tq,';^jnecקW6Vjױ,(wg~0C߶;l'3N$ω^[g Ɵg<+?NdUIWa0NA1Ҝx=֌^1_uKgn'vɿ.ſ(ϴFkZLgsBZNAp:}?oQyysIx 6UI u:y7͵@3X.lKE٣z,%Gvxߡת:jtKŸt~P`fUt{?됒0bz1\⽊v*V:^EW}υZNW1})mah{W~*oӬ ۸*. TOcHqofrz/w7i>s%WaȫUϬoj>~ . x>GN5˅ \x!lԾ޺p6߭ɞ_.<loEgC6+mR׫zm ]Jٔ{or>:ݿRd'qkxY'\kAٿA/dO4LɊ[iPƉ4":͇ý˒G@eh+)4 V`؜ƌ<0Îp~YIFrJ[-,l{ f쐼vx^ OpNe)ۣ:rօIЫXN/7.8t>G`k6:,B8`|(!}6J_K3K<o>oV.y^KÓzk} ,x֎$Wbo5qڎnh3>A/y77aB !ܣ)5yBkDTI%J,]ܪԯ- "W=ɪ~tQ37iwg]` |yu8By˄ˣl$tCG7^,&K|E9*}!Ї,!mCz=9P=tJiXv/+wYPy;o%򶣕N]wRni@%^|~v~'JgKy?v97=޴I^(FOc or1Xcpz<5`N`FNu.A{E~&=eh+O93b$2噊M&I~T6Cyql`@ f9!ҭԮd۫_NRzk<8Z2@gQ(z"M˲~bj.,Ȃ#Jw?=!CҲt@2W{mQG 2ʹLf|ZyD 6(e'>ʸ ON6 Yg4,/=egϊz$m8QΊPF#"Gbj9_?TBw['J_S@foY6\xn~M~{{n1GMHV񺴿mhb]zl6mNxL|;د9$%tR$}oVlɷoO()5kx|ڝ%q^5CsgxZgiz }\l M뎼rtwtɗD*ѳ$lJ:yl݂kr K>xG?6G>Xޡюk\+]ľ#1rDS-v?T&~ ,++*%d?cjK}vҦ?*qiG-[^Q`;7%-3l]I=>s4 }@Gyˁ3ʸ<#v=fUt$Z+(ɸ,}-e M " 3$  <(%6g[4?z^ּ1jt]j=ɜ.ɲnot.`D:NYyܰ.U1|dg; `\^<>~-MaAJl/G=fo5(ey`oݙ&_=$#U rW>NV~S|ֺ1M5 dPr@S8i0|dP<Hp 锇u(|xFi)`WRHi˲+X:k=vd%k{bL/v[#D[-B:< WE-rk_8ʽNvxBxڗyѫY&t0g?HqC+ɘeT7?Y}YNu^S%)J*:{.'}w}gpw}P܃C/w-7CqcȞ]jY,T%G#|g\U7W >Uׁ8Q 5^d-8 wg<@(r|.G_%]׫=3;c͆{fvlС,gl6؂qGF247)p=Ay;ClY|9 I骜>BVêvôoH\U_ȍg4(u ףƋ2θ+JgW;ƫ>W/%sP\6^rv5˿Ⳬa_=YUIuBڤ4ᅾ:Ҏ+ygW=?}iGBgK]7w4:;)QTI=>9J_Tbn/:>DK-Z<y% …}0#o 9af?u+ НO2ùM2YzT;'hNOoVS6w9¹5z%>ۖ[Avd։=Oqm[yG.:bϸiO?7XsO{d,-u,8Oyl+PF1[ u[{v* eaG-쎰^wYnT9D%?/.ޮ~OW8I1>MLge{54z߃ #7n,W 1;PNҧ)~g9ƚ&x )m?.,ܟV^y}o{f!} 崟9$OΛs8ߤ/YC*P%JL,#m"*VnhgExWShUE$OҲF?X"(i?'8ò3u}%}hӇ3U }(y`0 m lAs W,%n?y`pVg ?gA%䒇vxRs=N꘬_|rv~u <۪j(ØtU(_"hVWd'pJW ׃W/ڥw+Cr" ,?YxAWxƯK=Sg'5L;Dն%1t(vB6~`v[t*xEg_UVQD7ƕo/W`fS)\Y::{*Mq{;5~Oe-=Y.ײ0~g]ނ;]׏_c*.Ƌv/UR?׾KC~gxloQES{j#C&їDG^O!m y\ S`!?I-{CO}x6K$˚G.J>t3sҳzd3UafwWd] m6|OxUw7F6/xہΧz\A$7_'MW|YEΟrK+sf3c;W~}I/ڷ?@:(UC r-/g`~"U=IQ=?e/;E2؏KR)ųG|,?{%tr˙t˅^|oom;E"ҽ}ës;y+h$Y{]00c'%Bf\g~y7m9yk$=X-,yzoJgỶ M: Z%~o1}x>Vξ46^`g?xUa ~n~ɗ-Q25^}Z)vճuY{Atre_(Rz24gr\m{ZС̟+{\ϟ>edkcNZ|_S| Ӿ7׃7ͱ"R*'cI߷ o c-ZX\e<,+=ǵ@9lܵ?K.kⵚӽV[|JrjZ: Mј2u6>8k7$06sK.9Y}8{HjjW sD}H9Ϣ }x 6g%k7 x.%c;5αn5:VI{e|L,_V*{Mk5=_=Qu,V3Zm?/^,V3߲Nt,|g+p~YsCS.^gr?}u?V3Z-˯%J?]nߡCrmR6^`gf?_ڝr*qM!xW ׁSTn+ܑCk%+)gtGv<J\mػ^h~X^h#fzLӦSd?c̷ kfX3O _1ݪDuxwuL149V({ ||5-+,({æU|o_ I/F/s&|8Ğ ФVa@6MqxV<·P{"2|C锃<%^y"^ E6n@'+aܓ67qw fǯlwF+ėF%/w`+o;~`=>iX&X{7黿qCc8bv!ެNyk|Ոoo-72Hj I=k0|c]{GIW=~s/B:v';ImB' n/o^xOX'6n8n>dvv6oV9pqopn y vҲpgd!~$]ɈEi;Uw0~(ZT*n # ƑtC]<=GASKEE+mi򽡨XFq5͹y zHt8cm5<.GA߼NzMO־jkzEݳYJޡnk޵7qSMx]Pmߚ=.iriii :jr0_>Q)|pxYm>txp ΫƊ!-uSw}(R'THC&h+68A#g*~Vܶ?N389հIN|GKjSTf;mUٕzf͆fս})}eWظ w~#sͷEn&mA}_i_"iEmsꞦ΍sƘI0oژYQ3MgNf(sE.J}sm.G|_0Fm\+X><8Wl-Nhv] eZPnoJU('Y 9~@Gb9U?V>wԦXWn+Ev+*kKDO+U%QAu98[ƕI؈΍i9R.U)lsT;NKt۷L6خMcK>[ƕƖtc΍i9R.LWɖ*1DW? cv*oQ*ŖY~A`>OW|Ecq-O+-i9R|6eYc2u9#)jS2&M]*5&<1yآ74nLMrƖomgaKEH`{Rl_U,lMMcraNyآ74nLMrEl5`|lIn Rl&jӷԦxQr.>3dg]a\IQ-uk=XbWHFu/~Fg>2R$EĚЪ)Y[}?F@[E}nGSv J.}?^40X^|s;&Q~f=h, Jߟ}NĆOn*ֱ7~&{Q޷ڞ13Rr?*~t ԩs}ݘj'7Ψ]7XǛVWn/u5ձ{eu5kk_({ܨ)[7,\VDgFwP;%;XmTBۦE픱?s:TǖBYܘG5>[Ͷ)E.]/ ڊ>9$w|HpQƨ?懢>Yer Y{􃐕/+qx7+9ɻVԢU랾B|վ~wbA=< yqš<\sa;ay2f/^==iy2'й-#ky&"j97Dr~Nn 3av5蒙B.۸)ZhE.*̤~%Ozd7*KF1P]0JcDчÕ; E_SNJ dRWlRg$l˜m`g#g!Q`8k?8Ki#s9N,z,r!-nH{+}s]4|9 8Un;e׭93\>N\\@N2ܨ0Wy3(SR 'r9/燠ä} &!|䛗{Oؖ.们R@Y܆"<.qv{\A6r:2{x[}Eio޽˟*}Y.8eNr.YO0 g⼧2z7Nj'E7 o$nNj{nWpƆOV@/{(K8]cCN4Pu@]C-|NJD{}l'߶Ḃld]0~V}`峚B_1̟ Jw0}Ey[mK'JZޞ],̿JYRJ"x>'>0@[tC zSq-61 q-i5oi⺸w]1/u^p{yoƈ-&@g7yT+Ww=a[bv Xn^Όz?ΟQΧƈZmLPY|^*ѢHMz?qL7,,f 75 Ïåðåäáà÷àºòüñÿ, ùî ) ; ); ( ( 1 S Z T X f Р сб  , (1) äå P ñá – éìîâ³ðí³ñòü çáîþ ëîã³÷íîãî åëåìåíòà íà ³íòåðâàë³ ÷àñó Ò; Õ(Ò) – ïåðåâ³ðÿþ÷à ïîñë³äîâí³ñòü âõ³äíèõ âïëèâ³â; Z – óçàãàëüíåíèé âåêòîð çíà÷åíü ïàðàìåòð³â ñõåìè ëîã³÷íîãî åëåìåíòà; S – óçàãàëüíåíèé âåêòîð çíà÷åíü æèâëÿ- ÷èõ íàïðóã. Éìîâ³ðí³ñòü çáîþ ëîã³÷íîãî åëåìåíòà íà ìíîæèí³ Õ(Ò) äîð³âíþº íóëþ, ÿêùî Z ³ S ëåæàòü â îáëàñò³ ïðèïóñòèìèõ çíà÷åíü. Ïàðàìåòðàìè æèâëÿ÷î¿ íàïðóãè áóäåìî ââàæàòè òàê³ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ïóàñîí- ³âñüêîãî ïîòîêó ³ìïóëüñíèõ ïåðåøêîä, ùî ñòâîðþþòüñÿ ó ëàíöþãàõ æèâëåííÿ ëîã³÷íîãî åëåìåíòà: ³íòåíñèâí³ñòü ïîòîêó  , òðèâàë³ñòü ïåðåøêîä  , àìïë³òóäà ïåðåøêîä À [1]. ϳä åôåêòèâíèì çíà÷åííÿì ïåðåøêîäè à n áóäåìî ðîçóì³òè óçàãàëüíåíó â³äñòàíü ä³þ÷î¿ ïåðåøêîäè â³ä çîâí³øíüî¿ ìåæ³ ¿¿ ïðèïóñòèìèõ çíà÷åíü. Íàìè âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî , k a сб n е Р   (2) òóò k – ÷èñëî ïåðåâ³ðÿþ÷èõ êîä³â ó ïîñë³äîâíîñò³ Õ(Ò). ³äõèëåííÿ ïàðàìåòð³â ñõåìè Z â³ä îïòèìàëüíîãî çíà÷åííÿ çìåíøóº îáëàñòü ïðèïóñòèìèõ çíà÷åíü ïåðåøêîäè. Ïðè ô³êñîâàíèõ çíà÷åííÿõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ïåðåøêîäè çñóâ îáëàñò³ ¿¿ ïðèïóñòèìèõ çíà÷åíü ïðèâîäèòü äî çì³íè ¿¿ åôåêòèâ- íîãî çíà÷åííÿ, òîáòî (  a n =f 2 (  Z). Îòæå: ; ) ( 2 k Z f сб е Р    ; ) ( ln 2 k Z f Р сб     ; ln ) ( 2 k Р Z f сб    ] ln [ 1 2 k Р f Z сб    . (3) ²ñíóº çàëåæí³ñòü ì³æ â³äõèëåííÿì ïàðàìåòð³â ñõåìè ³ ÷àñòîòîþ çáî¿â ëîã³÷íîãî åëåìåíòà ïðè âïëèâ³ ïåðåøêîä. Äëÿ åêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîãî ï³äòâåðäæåííÿ òåîðåòè÷íèõ âèêëàäåíü íàìè ðîçðîá- ëåíèé ãåíåðàòîð ïóàñîí³âñüêîãî ïîòîêó ³ìïóëüñíèõ ïåðåøêîä, áëîê-ñõåìà ÿêîãî çîáðàæåíà íà ðèñ. 1. 4 3 2 1 5 6 7 8 9 Ðèñ. 1. Áëîê-ñõåìà ãåíåðàòîðà ïóàñîí³âñüêîãî ïîòîêó Ãåíåðàòîð ì³ñòèòü ó ñîá³: 1- ïåðâèííå äæåðåëî øóìó; 2 - øèðîêîïîëîñíèé ï³äñèëþâà÷; 3 - îáìåæíèê ïî ì³í³ìóìó ãðàíè÷íîãî ïðèñòðîþ; 4 - ³íòåíñèô³êîìåòð; 5 -áëîê óçãîäæåííÿ; 6 - ôîðìóâà÷; 7 - ï³äñèëþâà÷ ïîòóæíîñò³; 8 - äîñë³äæóâàíèé îá ’ ºêò; 9 -áëîê àíàë³çó. x}hUݜ/{{nmwSwHPZ(3%LFG)uKRaDQP2K(2Ji&̺sZh/lJzw6W|;zDI"2$QgO  R"+kd$9ɌLv@۞Ty}<^gbiש٤d'U Z:崤ɋ qz@Ǐ^W2X6zMtaKl*m֣k=2M yckFKTxB:=&&g/6޵2d< 9Kl knXi(']836!9*%_}/@m =g'|`̰768š@8uwy)rŬa|6y2{7FN}0ح&s&LgT9ĺAڹ65\WGHBmr϶51g4OMs^61ɑfp tFـ7hğx|J#%rd*䦯-ʹsc c\ QAb0_.Il#|MfKkEX/l> btlxV_@[7e^PC(~I ȚT9I:% W1ɖ JoeK|&N-f|=sp c> \BlOv=L,di\:H>} dxV"]gh l9ax^ty~)G,(m%++xg!ڟd{A Bqsm@*2{?XbY39Qȓv}QoXM6҉} ZoE8k%ښ{X!k1LI+@*%܏ qk"fO*,ާq3zv6d=_e>3[ڗf >X^×[};yë@.m?EgAg .ž:lsYn@;区t4KuALQi?Fꚡy3g|^z575n3ξӟ[Sc|:9okXwmk9{-3f\>['wwn[nZFw۞{BG xG ~ğxG wNMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:50  hFk ,X`(162R/l n1Aڤ{ x} @UcGdS@T4TRSs%V-kfYVfmKi?8닇W{̙̜;>R* A><@M)8m;Sʠ - h 6x* :QC ݤ5TTaH U[%[{r8Z݅ ۢ{c3@c҈oBpzUU`kca$A䱯iDC@H@0#2 =P$U}AT@ai"Rd& 2Gh|ozD njT.ZOR*P=4ݶmh<v9k4؞CCU©8DѝO]!`W6=EK(XĂG-j{ iURdaRt-lCŬ2YQG%O# rR* !Plqf0o&XWb_y%D5tR. k(,OFHٖ^n4/nvTF1ŎxK n-nz8MusiM7^u3sM7".N7׺P7 n~T7#Pɘؙn"+nn{/"|4oMMCh3odK)D.me& 8??aL|{my ngy{7F\m  e#A>c^Gr99.=/LX7qVYdAp->ň~$0g3UPXzx z˶zG #zWj x!}F P OX>.3=c!-iC8GxO2tpQ$ttnL'2=8)l/B"zy' WJ9R>Л> H]S{car>K7EOf>#>o] `uܔ/)p=}Y/¶ǡW9Vl,xʵ GF=h9܊qaSi+%zFEe,z~K='xAӆ 'N(0~q믿5|B<1ː_wv R6ݖu`0c u[w)#`N~S>/(/g?2.9Klsq>_X,Ix(ș"5w+dMI@3I)q!v&%ǝ|΢q,go2{!oz3xħ {=>a%iƬi#7/_7AdM414+g4 /AO % $AYmc,y-(Р֭TmǝR~3@>٫ _pV(=>Rw"&ja 70Af̂\m{R︤]|nD.\ao* 3&m|\_ |l$u7UT#Ou-k>ɗA*h|o!Oc|!_&p|>̗aƘ|qȃxK]"&LCxK\g` )f#mdYѡ  u@xpOҍy9ӉGfV`Amkf7,MJ2v܊a.Pgc$oiOBeJ>Ƙ …ӔORXBI݌YV?(%]tqHAX68\K_DX?S|эd9^ (B7Nu:ƽj·l#O!M`9\ٯq^ab+4m 9y+x .Bc?Cy+⒞W١yc"ur)OCPpb ldIF|X=}Λ#x16Vl:gq[y.0c ߢiz`ņGOE^0 Vt>,9(D6}a2hףu5k)ȳr?83^ig9A೿;yAOL G^ ? x%G8s O(pڵ5aU]UH+\>+݄9'((:S9[oXl/oEau_/Wbꁦлc]Oq. Rfe3>jVM?e~l^懾(eq\e3p*/l"}m((0]|emʗ Ĺ/kZx _yiSl{ıεcrAo?uA#9db|G O/x?.gx5uxQ3aoԉ>e#铳G8Q/OgQT4\y cp@㿃u;bW3Iuvy"E+4;^w:u;^gza|XkC:ٯ={sۡ˿i\$|Fd^|v=n)t;FI2iէW>A ,q_+@PYA]MVhf"\*"p棦J1Oʁ1}I&b^_ȓnع|8oJs* ,MeZl/A-m ۇ3<K @P6emɅk\SYT(/h\I/`_ڶPIYm6S+ .hv|ߌkLKk>xħ^wևCa>>'C{/.MPVua8χ}2+*Ҫα_oQ79NdTJ~)*U$;MF[Vs('ˋpփ 薒(kB{љ*o%\e0=C ۅAWpyMr7ϡ pX O2'-$}F3oY^Xx\쿍hy9c9 ivyfrC*eWZ~8u%nGz>Q.i'zJ1>Ͼ$ /e\Ozsp6gqVoy'>/3Zr<;g}&>d g8gL(G˓wtAggv#&dÙ9o""О>ؤOB)hF(#?G~r,~K]/3<]P_mnq7Q3 gt~ VIS)ҕK׾;Y6os[/9@w88QT-=h $@K*"0~v_y[:WW;_{9_|8tIwbʀ }9;hjğ8yم0gNDhA| //l;G{;|r߄"ch,;~vʈluwƽ'hSEsrQ:ڔI0&#R7yqi>\<΅P\y]|_~g onǾh{5>wlJf>!Ws92 iϨ'qòCp6 EG%ƘpA84Ȃ>>Jむ+k3YlFu+<=Oﶷz+ǷVkf?}Cѣ*z+gyӔ$13&=c LV mE`6B_0ld٬A|!p({w϶ 98)>6p`HW.]},tYp8X}}ÇϿ3rk>a(k9 7Wgdս>E M~G i WoƝOqMuxO=urf0^ei|L>ai<bxߢ|Ez6)N3'co)7%뭜ݧgm4ͯ$qXXϖr(^QZҒ$rEn^h AA"C'*C;ObLu&;4w}M e)7! .YplJopex/>6^W"nҨ0B-xOJ_v--u{#෻ c_L(ԇЇ%3}8<ʖpU4oŘ_h#ē/r KU'@9=_e4mwNA[yc*e,1ERG6# q#s==IeZlZrd GAL qr/ i$x|ߞ:±"te/`g±]o IP3ep_z jo m^|67}fMce-:%`? <.0PH8i`~c:DIaLy&XF)1a]=q_hOEx^2-~>uF?s Kx$_:GzZ<l O%S|/1{ S ǀ#헰)߳lD=3J"W<| cW^/r%ψ#& ңHƼ'y. H3_pHe^ƄxB1O"w}}/}>p@S]7qv$ //H۴ oB7)oʛu˜/< sC?7SRF_'qM0`o9+jL:?R2׶mĬ798ow (5F)Αu~{]GneG~ !O ן\pIx,<p,'<4eE\9< RVHL|ʟ~P=rnq{~/L:ՎmM,c"?qN~fB_z}a`%HIN<gZx竾3uI{αWϏ]1lF2g{A4C3ͅ@~\i:2 Q7i p))ѻ_ݎg wZ{8B<| Y[V: )sA Br0BڧJ53]30[U[F8|˿?{Q|?7qUsk6./- zV*%9 x+JxF J;'Y KDL^g7-E$;{S;+g[g`_~ŰmJYdgKd_~ş%$MIC̘o:PTqkW/ypZEǵV_kahp";{l|Nf! ">3ϴ d k1江\_Xدd_10`~e"Vŵ:[9>e' ڗl3e~\H_nuM/1Ϙ&]z0Y>*Un!Cy Xu+ʚ+}_?ss|m;jClN,}`Lg`K)=y$x\328GB[K~1^_q"h3E%`<_Yȋ5i_5mUm_)Ol}BcCҴ } GcVeD&'WK~:\ŮiYseM}og9?Yk9ƚXS3as{|^XG}3aT}mTV,S_f J|_^^/+vZol:/f 7Ny# )'a,ϮY_Wlxl^5}qS_9_*i;vȹ4)jg~e8-_fs 7KʚU6RܚzD mאc?mPH'H ` %:#rw 1H>K9+)C|<+ _ȟ Eg8`_g<>^8jITO\FB5G @]d,$} q.4g#Ir9W2L?v+^- \g6sg`k<#k{`{GvbơH{|"}a?"wJIxO>0I] a:%! ~AO ~́/{ 0_qʗD4$X u M3y#G;Luʙ<^X^Rbhf oyҷ%yMY3P&iFR8N_G1Iu*ل+x|81Pfg-vaW5VICV"ʥk6V^i~PlTy?&ގgwy~GO[`!Qq0XuW5@=މ$srش=f0_X;06دa28G@]=|?cDyye|dO4 @g~) 8{ӃuߦwH픹kϘp0K`Lƹ{?eXBU`LS-Ľ˼B&fq;Ѝ#fڣM`ig~0L @;ÙI/s u1};r&,0g;# p)+18k3\JOq;eq4.<GbL&/8<3[R;CȫbC-rRE;,jgҊ3gZBFvy93)gMKep(qIm Ď-nſ]?oa2  cG㍸x'cOɯ+<Pk|I] We2/84D{Vup1H39DM\?T% PyC<novFWyqcҤko_,X4nG-{ i YX9b ub١uR"_O~aHoN=HF/t3tH?AڎtrtŒXR{i#*WD]c]Y]\W CG`=lQ0>8y_ /D->+3@mmwlOWS>K`O=< :!\n>?a,kW95)8+ve LsxO8#gDžz `ՁD֙YߟݚUOXõu>bMR<:чC 8#s3p .)@pŝY)[{^Ycbi3ic+oӄ}&"$z|}Cd2aB! ^`5q7,#h*]:}@#Ag}j᪷!G9ߴGg'{7) U#P"F!(oyn(4kKaN@v,K`A9^f|Agyi==ScStLf&-F'H'!(; _h[*Լ9-0T^Bn;0:?a a@LCi \qG1CnV}Z!J=pP&\A0LhGAeeg4>b;˳uLUOtgTs-MnF:44'9ռeJؓVy9zr>:V̟z_nGxruӯxvl?6z1nzPnf&W w|Z̏.^=cDGE޷U~M>fgy9˂}6)$:X=$~Qe˼5{}b:6:U/=ql/<1flA[JIb܅e3`}OvTv_~bGʟ0iCǽfvyg57 WS+/Ұ}ҡq/wo۴#?D٥'_eFNO V\â+;x{En_޼mETrP]ѡY"ؔ6ev`G|J%jY2`EFWzjՓ+eb8j(Y[1ѭ51G?ynuh&[<*6<>5"4eݺq ~j]Q1t|ٻ÷qO 8=K,?2eˢm vX+GmbiwA>f.XcZm0ztQS|ۿa}QWH;^ce|߇ORG7]xoﵮj[_+k+gv`sy1鉉 :>vlV~1d^u?xWq3x꽺 b֨G', n蘞[ݩ^iGz0qCǡ/$]ePV"+rsVqVOadf2hzp.hxD+Rה |^kiZf5ҭw6.Sk2w?>|)%M~gԿ#??oO^ɛR> kϙr}4&N7-å iW?vdEFBUB`]#r8nDNY27Uˮ0.g~ m4bB3]Y.>xvMN߮*Go+lڈ@l/%~*3Ңo^XT˾. iG\ V3 7fY- ~{; 1T%[jᥩVSSGUh!KÄTx>X}IUK]h]кٔ8{|XkxsO} `)44xzg|?|QZr+y]-`KMg)Y9ч[P Qg;wXW”2t6a}b{x͊m-h?e(W!WNxWj I9*7Log1Kx̌dû}mlf$qAsݕ~R{Zbmn ;?oE}APէVzV[돎npe@w\WxT긵ieg/~x6vaم=>z&TLOu|HG\_692'g6u5sb m탍|X0g-d3և͙_5nܥ[[f^4?6 kם^zun+&PaKV׆fZac.|z}Yźd:,$6+yl觬&u㷽~鴬]+?h-2..{f5W Aʘmgs.c}~g5{>'֪Ӄ5XBvL OtK|ק hxfU$}NŔ Ԝ0{khkFt<yQͅWȹ_=bkoGyʰb7 7u ,M'3Fە[YFpg%>ߥ+'}>U߾:兖ۂMӽODSf~}tQ- $>>: ^mO?Z悑AR=׏q ,a:=Wƚba7̲3gy& 3eU]*5~Gm=,(ycmÀk+Լ-xc=O}uZsk<޼^ [:ik| *hE5&kmۑUwbxGv^q0bxsJESY0T1\,ZC][_T%O4&ߊzuiueG~,=,Moy2d-~ МS0/'nO̱ +}{' 7׎6kUwt!+e M=pGl!Avt85Ӵܣr+b^5 _UZg_-dssC-^t ̃-<)(Z{?n R,8Ni܉?$vJQ.q>ORh7ˠ#kG<2nyz/=+6ydڦZ\>vGq}26*f[ V% 633BsΊoڤ֨|aK?ߌScٴ{-[wrګoX{?ybm˯ʔb2-偂ͮA6i0;)ͣeaZ77{3P2+q]ZcG $G4bޭ>KO> 7=ܸh2sW H.7lc9}?oKVeyٳ.%%86fY3M76o|ZU.,Yߜ\ǭmT&6>1}8YI~0yVaxR_wxfOy'}OpL6ܷ(j ղ{]\<5ۥ]w5ϴ<ՑPoY[4$[1t{eh5z= 1Y1{}=ᑷe{=Ն.UUa]O<4i쎦ϫC|`d:Ƙ J0 ]UWveP3 ,= aeFEjfmfͽa;N6m% v2&_gז]1CԢ"wtξ6cMzm4\2.霸* %<T_J1CNfFes?Y ʒ8]`Ixn[^|į|"w̪qgxn>Y|4~- {9$YowIݚZv󱭹_M5]}>ȿN51ilhޣNAvD5TzT!{r尋oZڔ}'~|yo ~OezD}rSz%?ųY~_*fD=Gaˮ^ 9)gm:%W1ۥӖ;yhbLI: Lk.9S*;߫W0Ыv,7Ygʶݛw闙;Џ8՜;ܔYPn{MSϔ}-ԺܰllUM1%v\5h VMNr؜.Ou'_Z=Qً2T80WϾlq>*BzZE^|qYխ}:Ln211RBdtl;DfdQ*ͳ i^DЀy5^aLB!éVق*)'{K^~ioDZ?+wkǕ#?_˝8WvNyG~ȃSz4N_jy'Ll'/5<-'a4] ~Lʰҕz|R]InsqYOyc.m f,c~ NZk".n RM|яP~Wt C93~Ay)O\F C0t'Sqz[a^BXK.0DrH(=`y 6Sz=HEz*:^HG_jwڀzM.Ģzgʞlo>@X6iiـ^6OELH2Y6El(t?T]6@4[ B/VࣨH4mXm yqq6fBGoP~6 .<2<6ؙ/ *\o *J~)k>'y[/6%7ʆK8(tr[[(K*7ҦSnɍ{˭pʹ+6uz8le?DXqc^ߍ d$! DawHA\Ӂ>B]}ev9Kє"h b`GQH:9>ޝ:>vL؇ξ7~}b 쌺kf,tvItuYZO;cL;czwd Y bDv;c^m\sfh"榶z=phVhGQ=NiݩmwAy{!33:z{:h=~ccg=xQ01? noS*3{@4=E_SgɊR,,76 Îñîáëèâîñò³ ðîáîòè ãåíåðàòîðà òàê³. Øóì ³ç ð³âíîì³ðíîþ ñïåêòðàëüíîþ ù³ëüí³ñòþ  ó ä³àïàçîí³ â³ä ñîòåíü ãåðö äî 30 ÌÃö, ùî ãåíåðóºòüñÿ ïåðâèííèì äæåðåëîì øóìó 1 , íàäõîäèòü íà áàãàòîïîëîñíèé ï³äñèëþâà÷ 2 . Çàêîí ðîçïîä³ëó àìïë³òóä øóìó áëèçüêèé äî íîðìàëüíîãî. ϳäñèëþâà÷ çàáåçïå÷óº ë³í³éí³ñòü ó ä³àïàçîí³ íå ã³ðøå ±4  . Îáëàñòü íóëüî- âèõ ³ íèæí³õ ÷àñòîò (äî 1 êÃö) íå ï³äñèëþºòüñÿ. Ùîá îäåðæàòè ïîò³ê ³ìïóëüñ³â, áëèçüêèõ çà ðîçïîä³ëîì äî ïóàñîí³âñüêîãî, äëÿ íîðìàëüíîãî ñòàö³îíàðíîãî âèïàäêîâîãî ïðîöåñó x(t) ç ôóíêö³ºþ êîðåëÿö³¿ R(t), ùî äèôåðåíö³þºòüñÿ äâ³÷³, ³ ñåðåäí³ì çíà÷åííÿì, ð³âíèì íóëþ, íåîáõ³äíå âèêî- íàííÿ äâîõ ñïåö³àëüíèõ óìîâ [2]. Äëÿ äàíîãî øóìîâîãî ïðîöåñó óìîâè âèêîíóþòü- ñÿ. ×èñëî ðåàë³çîâàíèõ âèêèä³â N(Õ 0 ) íà äîâ³ëüíîìó ð³âí³ Õ 0 îö³íþºòüñÿ âèðàçîì: 1 2 0 2 / 0 52 . 0 ) (  Х Fe X N    . (4) Äëÿ ñìóãè 20   F ÌÃö íà ð³âí³ îáìåæåííÿ Õ î =3 1  , îäåðæóºìî N(X 0 )=110 êÃö. Äëÿ ð³âíÿ Õ î =3 1  ñï³ââ³äíîøåííÿ ì³æ ñåðåäí³ì ÷àñîì ïîâòîðåííÿ âèêèä³â âèïàäêîâîãî ïðîöåñó ³ ÷àñîì éîãî êîðåëÿö³¿ äîð³âíþº: 90 1 2 0 2 /    Х e K . (5) Ïðè òàêîìó ñï³ââ³äíîøåíí³ ââàæàºìî âèêèäè øóìó íà ð³âí³ 3 1  íåêîðåëüîâà- íèìè. Áëîê óçãîäæåííÿ 5 áëîêóº ïðîõîäæåííÿ ³ìïóëüñ³â ïåðåøêîäè â ñóâîðî âèçíà- ÷åí³ ïðîì³æêè ÷àñó. Ôîðìóâà÷ 6 çàáåçïå÷óº ðåãóëþâàííÿ ³ìïóëüñ³â ïî òðèâàëîñò³ é àìïë³òóä³. ×åðåç ï³äñèëþâà÷ ïîòóæíîñò³ 7 ïåðåøêîäà íàäõîäèòü íà äîñë³äæó- âàíèé îá ’ ºêò 8. Áëîê àíàë³çó 9 âèÿâëÿº çáî¿ ³ çàáåçïå÷óº àâòîìàòè÷íî áàãàòîêðàò- íå ïîâòîðåííÿ öèêëó ³ñïèòó ç íàêîïè÷åííÿì ðåçóëüòàòó. Ãåíåðàòîð ìຠó ñâîºìó ñêëàä³ ³íòåíñèô³êîìåòð 4. Ìàêñèìàëüíî ìîæëèâà ÷àñòîòà íàäõîäæåííÿ ³ìïóëüñ³â ó ïîòîö³ äîð³âíþº 3 ÌÃö. Ãåíåðàòîð ç³áðàíèé íà íàï³âïðîâ³äíèêîâèõ åëåìåíòàõ. Çàáåçïå÷åíî ñõ³ä÷àñòå ðåãóëþâàííÿ òðèâàëîñò³ â ³íòåðâàë³ çíà÷åíü 0 , 10 15 , 0    ìêñ ³ç çì³ííèì êðîêîì, ïëàâíå ðåãóëþâàííÿ àìïë³òóäè ïîçèòèâ- íèõ ³ íåãàòèâíèõ ³ìïóëüñ³â ó ä³àïàçîí³ 0...8 Â, ïëàâíå ðåãóëþâàííÿ ³íòåíñèâíîñò³ 400 0    êÃö. Åêñïåðèìåíòó ï³ääàâàëè òèïîâèé òðè- ãåð ó ñõåì³ ï³äñóìîâóâà÷à. Ç ãåíåðàòîðà ïóàñîí³âñüêîãî ïîòîêó ïåðåøêîä ïî ëàíöþãàõ æèâëåííÿ òðèãå- ðà ïîñèëàëèñÿ ³ìïóëüñí³ ïåðåøêîäè. ×àñ âïëèâó ïåðåøêîä áëîêóâàâñÿ ïîòåíö³à- ëîì “ òàêòó À ” îïåðàö³¿ ìíîæåííÿ. Ðåçóëüòàòè ö³º¿ îïåðàö³¿ ïîð³âíþâà- ëèñÿ ç êîíòðîëüíèìè çíà÷åííÿìè ³ çà ñïåö³àëüíîþ ïðîãðàìîþ ï³äðàõîâóâàëîñÿ ÷èñëî íåïðàâèëüíèõ ðåçóëüòàò³â n ñá . Éìîâ³ðí³ñòü çáîþ äëÿ ô³êñîâàíîãî Z  ï³äðàõîâóâàëàñÿ çà ôîðìóëîþ N n Р сб сб /  , äå N=125000 – çàãàëüíå ÷èñëî ðåàë³çàö³é îïåðàö³¿ ìíîæåííÿ. Ðåçóëüòàòè åêñïåðè- ìåíòó íàâåäåí³ íà ðèñ. 2. Ðèñ. 2. Ãðàô³ê çàëåæíîñò³ éìîâ³ðíîñò³ çáîþ òðèãåðà â³ä ³íòåíñèâíîñò³ ïîòîêó ïåðåøêîä à á Ð ñá 1,0 0,5 ['xkUÁy~J3#!Њ8Dl mDZJƘ`m:~:V䡌 V Nkklߺssˇ~ʵ{2gyը받r'99#qQ5zY a\+O,G^wz7~?{,pJx=Y>u':Bg+ϐ~Vvr.:bFG{|Hv4`Xj"u{,vӍ]={ҤծIP%1 Ϧo{\,7e'7Mڑ0 :E-҂68ס:>}nwi }zڵPr Ӥ u0\+z3 k LeoWaVlȫ9G(H?_w.:}6qruix"['/,UoۮIg. J_û.U3 Ag@LK|oNWYyEA1_PqJ TyOs5b .I}X'=bk6hpV=Z` r ͪgE6,Ll:>؉8눴zzDc.eZлlbCLKx#*6x[W@+}T3)߬b.-zTb: YZ =jvjX =E?v^= mDӨqV_PF^6,gt#\ b|CVbBA| |: |:Ǖ*O|?٧]^ކ/~-oEUMRׅ~+ v'0{/T3U:~h ؇|>Oxu\7vzpt`)7&ۋ{<|* ny{C:Gj|3m2ʭJ/3ٳ>q/$t]D텞Ew؟Z:X-x/ċ;Vj.P?QEBao7Wլnר̌mhk {Y tKV/F^Xn=:>{rεgzh>> `/=NXn6aǍ Ϗ}M/S>Hǣg=mf4~<|[OF~7( Ww~2Z.{o_fԗg ٽ&8}e9w?s1^57_+F&_d~v?ycpS_O'!X, RW,*¡toN~I`S!ŇwǔqC}蛳{oŧ79+|s|3M}-rS?JZͅ7&7ѷmU}9͗dh |ӂݾIǕ77n]ڑFNҮUi[lhVqQ?n-KAh-̘nRjٮQmT %6#ˬ1$NzNY_%(eTZ: 2zh)GyyAyle <a+yl懇<ꄞ?&t{[X3s;]{rjTjiρ4{>tj/ rS h ezfЛ<} fjΠnAsfD\tV;"/f6r̊*EnʛU1Soγnd'D B3d8𔰳ӂ4GpEW4~ KFZ_@qtֿy-:ꝐA]Ё7=}@]Ϭzh#-mz<3U̔0SNRYq?M~@*{&ҝelqrjK{eNdv:%D4QR6g_"G4ޤK/|e_KGo}yNPׯ+izֽg 6+7rJ[ +xv;G< ݀MvCvxi*ηGwie]"x }Y|ZNi_<\ n軛d/m%)F>%lsu7ǞiӾucLF+vUdwާ^ XpT4xbc=yӔ<~|1\KrLJ鳵1Psvf]!1t;h>N{h5Uü6|2C_Ϻ1eW7O:wqO]QtC^tI3IE{ϰuד'U`]c_jTVŽqKދp&٢se#vWvJвG(%Lx }n7 JA8-׼иJ-*A'̛[@&=3nc$FǤy&8oW絗{ zү>7 "<8E-;{vh6~ f4#8(o<<9E'\p$,4nZ|<}MAvCC)ygn'!N8_~@sJIc' ^yڠ)zh6zʱ6F鏘{O>>HB-k.e8'*ObF7&խ>M)!q[>9}{rS#Se,=" ==c`xi-:ਃ2LKf}3s}mڑS8!N`bPمlc-0+ni- tcBO;UR %ޫAݐpR*?\+d=6۲XuY눰D dGOG?{TcчE\Cw&~W捣My|kM KOȣ)q2U̾8}+u'_>z<\Vs2=9?u@us,sP;K(cꃫ/Bekx(y-J)2(;g}s{Isrr៭,kjbSרa)u Rq DjZgRD+T힡So:տv3O+o@1c7pwGOճq= /zW}h{FQ4~PtMy`c |+Ë,ث|5 6?oHTk$Vb^7Ms }m7UۃNOްTMp w7HGnZr[evbzfmso\#_=)=[V骛yZ |k"K^Z%:'3yeҥJzOn ta>-{L~W=g=zOzx*;#~譏kFo۪g֠7kB^N=qbpk!OC#ܑOU녽3׬ŽJwnݹU~0w*S%רּ5*Hb?R<4GH|ƛ|<4N?|ݟ)Ln;1n1ű>]rQn)nV z_+zXc[n7cc,b 뗩:eлԣC=2tF]34nA~(g,Zizد#x9>=Sre*?l]@S_Rz󿂷 BW=N}bխṊk}NTHs};ۗN@r7k9iˀSu͂W( n'VoK+/{dÏOk/,hʏcυ\{}uY<9')~˃w6/侊7v,7薄!%܁ƛtk;D^Pvw#qᮁ{ e}Li(3㮄6=ԃ$,.v,AzGH(@Xˀ;qⅲ-vsԽfoP[^ЖjYNnb?'>]|Ks[[)7q[mfb1^q4XӮy+  iȗsB\1QG<];WCJ'<>{?®Csݲ6dX>q""}lrz^X {D!#1Z_pM^v!a?K3tc$>CWҢ[|]ŧwc?y]c*ccwn}"3V>՚OPE.mOq~l8EwI2X#aq9~  =*{aACT,JE;q`ലA.bฎz$y]xlHh"϶&޶DCPvLHM9]xs޼/>l˪R|#}Px1:v||oNb޳|Sb~j?<)xbX>w{{G/yWxl" IÅ?kV:sWtzA<: VO^ dtn>t-H9aOUe!:Oƫ'qFv[qoƷg7y3ե~ty͈h2RWYD?X=Xe:_L~ɣck ԡwl[[[u{CK=|Λ22V"O1~8/ Vb_I 2vn/wL绾Q*q=f|j[O1cz59:l'x+݄q[+8jM <4c <uvܖ-48K Zz3hYАGtK~0*?.~,!I[X} CX1؅qKΓ5cX.N'%BN'Mb)wy 2\6lK-V'7m ͋X{0rO2d|^ Pǂl\ 8>h`%Vg{XI:;1Ug";8}<:gїm /zD?X,v pCsm'ꡭw3yt_=~䁣!=ϦVp^jïTwi9q6]H|G9lgv"  v!xj[N}1,Xku90A@W3zWr62s}huYӾlOo6rJhܶzy|~trJgvAӴfܤ:ODl}ۢ$0{+|<$I:XG*inY6u4@MpMe~Mu@)g 7rIkԡd(И 춁>=]dp;ugrx|G*pPdܵg!7 ;zrleC:}}KI!erȆ<3(S<O} L[/@ċ V~ЫU*N8Bu7T~|}6ՃovG~~ ;!/)DūAמj/8V|_^ (=oHzto|ւnÞ:'O$5-ky}ٔib?+haAuN؜pZnhl?:5к'|4Q˵?)W^^]|ϐRqh yY/=ؖkjxt'|;x;@ƹG6QϮk:$[M6RZwД5te fUΔl~y=sm8~<˄m"DoabvO 4I77'g`K3$q\gDw~|CwkASk /<þx/z!Y/@0=L 8dK3Z&L4 A]#f>#!:Y>t/k=R'V wh|bOixw#VGxIɲ]l9r<[v|M}U4uY_e1v zD~A 6e7Dk|vxiJy_ RGMh¼Nݻd ޚ-ymsw"l4tbHۢpѕmd}2Ci -<ޱ顃t&vC ivIGlZWRƗ |]|+&hwgәq~W|WKbxb)|-V"ߑx9sqOH>ƺa$th}u}A'5d~AAyƣk Fc<8λ9ssm#Z G~0{/`ݽ.~_½IM~ձxYۇ-T:O6֟bk5b,xd9ğ/Tq|/Bv_O|z㪝G*(RA"JDhb"&jh%(mwݎL&-;$~14ϹsΜ{V""Y"x&LٚtJe\G2bR%(9\]HZD'1RM ]/o :kW"Rȗx e.-;mfwE>y;rԇ%];6#2FKO6#!_"3OrdO|&5(A=z,@Z/U+~iD7"+Vz vgY;Az7&mcKXvz?FjNAʗg=T.FLXoWK?,ir W™` A_ƉW&er&|#j8Ie 4x9L_d}9vOҎ\Fvg2KYN@ u֎R%LO >M j_M'7iiZ\“/T"Oa2X_-%.pZv­`:%J<nFUs=<<=i"a{=?O5çppx |T`B=2tiw59N\esȫ0E#\؇\j/re<\r95x۱P-9\AŘ:/2kaP 7#tfP`PK5 u ir#\Lx|`x{C-2%lWPL.xx  .RPBYI77\Xi^˙$'ep.Ŧ5.A^ѰOAX \U"4tj- {`5y,՞T<dQT}7:g) +%|gßZ~c䁜VrD T~x|  ?/o(欽F 47&!'acz$|-܈o?1~K`L~'y'x߄=Z1Qtc k̬(yqN{)=>2&7E]o(?Yxwnd43l4/08*)]\*K]8l9{0(~x_v@l0IcҊ\ʩm (ם|\q1WpP8@]SD\\MbӀU`.V3f(B1[Կ l`̮-Ѳq7|1GQKto_[:ޞϴC'΍i>ms'~hntENֶ̍DhMLx'̍З*y^x Yw'Q|]i؊Ծ#mMNL=Fq|C[7<=8*+6QS.)ThSg: =tt }Yuթ^̕k  'KXӦ?aUezd ݵ_UC0>btvK?O 4($_.˾@rd=L.F]ۛs^j эW`ѯ,>K[eVZ4=#8cӛ.k.nU;rڷ j&-vks-{SE9/*~y>un| ν4DTnhݓ&]'IEɘg+1cc=1C}>>~~9_:`\7/`YهަAt棨|#v}PgATRψgr"7fÑ hUrrGts/gi'(;&CVl|Y\oBe7s'=rqswbt:|}վ>pߥ96rD= C9" :[-\$+}WիI_WJ̵(BbR.\s,Uz`Gh>]g_E=8K ҵ{}%#a;}ٮXǸ?ڄc!ߪߪ/uš1vq;[u?ȵz <4V@rZOW^;ytfavy2jwYH5cYAo_ֳQAz064}߆\sGv茈)/E>퓖y]??Y [п[ҞGe{_}9^<~+;A%g^Tucd AMJ:J1cdgޜ1z7;KWoY- `;I^ #an:O?kO_FuAS&sʝcد(^.avK_w!sTE3ʋ*Һ|&Ǟd-Uҿ |^}$i1kE-wM}ơ(=qӕ60@C~AU*Ū[C>xO1Vhoc~e|f8tkEͽ_X\iɛK}}?aGMoK>8OK7w3.Ƶfױ$ٲ k].Q+GoLߺjp,]?W<:g۱vTX9]%13x36Ƹ`ct;dhTr*?{k0޷3^wEc6Vg'(_9l0|y0^7iڇj X~nh}כ6>@yvI:z~*>mb[%~*GJ|*2ϴD6ڼө 3d/{v/++_}Z*7U[gڮBo ޹|Tm X*ʑVBPԮ8hqs+Ccۿe\]x0P%_mm`|QSh4[a+jgR1uJڱsT򾇽J2}O3Wy)\O8O C Zd:?֑!tiۇ6?Qb9dD{5}p 1gL{yd{鹩?mU3<pyN2#`>#3G D\i޼(70X`3"Y Ck~|P }$<v3qϠyfs0~UkWG2ǾG+Lc$_GBo Gv >>S+Chd̗;{2Yp a>g ձ='. ۧxg|T2dQs{`9Ss)|W wF-ܘ w0]>Os;a1UwPovSrspYy|c$;{Olb\{T֡@J Bwy-};-t9t(crOa}tg ]瞕ժ :&:J螪.{8_۾;wt;F?;~?6|GwדwtW(n#Cl<;o*q}G.;7%q;ȧy,;=r|#^ڏH#~GUvu*1*{$ZmԛhzwE4ꍞ:RtL\t\RQ}=jl"iػ2nGOr3==2 x@٤5;բí:PXeWnЧ̔iDDJ/֋^/ j^o/ڤZy|Jq%dgc;Ol<}v>cs(}L9|F֟.o| lDPXDX{ WxX;:K S碭[ߘBNџ7Su%v|lTvԁs:6[4s[#()Pޙzn']RjϜRWp^W98LQnJؙ+sd.m 5kkک#6"5Kbkf*dkr>!6D[zmM`k5Ez/dKS6 |?r NRY< 4Zys<:yjW x)9հfeI`Z3S14d5B)^"+e{ú=F״ CX`qSp}xg;3t6\Nž]+dmAl<)o=%.Sm= urt t]T 7nSER {Qo{Z~'re]eGuYVs̍pܾ37ꘛm^T_&w2cd'Q:,|ձjsbUh 67+Ѫ?1S~&}IZ/vgр1c3 {2PPރx|e⾁@{_|-Q}풜{* nΫWog(P,Pӛf{kJWvM,dUκ囻O.SX{WvK og=ܛ|;ǘÕѮ&DpPᷳw~ O\?c=leu/!i<󾱵y śĀjk^hO,=q!3v˱s)t(P/'qیl}3e~+< wemac9;T/SargWyVٵi=TmjUjRB;m[M&iJ|lWt U4ORa*+]?^ljJ5[/^kH6j'|Uggc mIimǘ$Bq+\uüߟ? E@x1Suk84~%+ŏgyMGU~h8^עn^9ѴCgӌ_!L;d⼃sha9v]~q/ b E;+/6y>Cl1dh>iIYA6 E+f>)6,lz0zH` o 7-疉7+]zybֺ^iq=m 1yֲ^<>x|zz+ z{qBJ imF6G}TZ/{L،Nkg;Wi⹊m;uge*/g50q_^p;nUbkpoU^4B>{I}>xںݬ`R2|~p>"<*<+߀ wP~4Fy96C?4reGZ Fޓ!`ub=sVD_߃ڃ!27|u|s~j1ORNm}mu2ۛtR{ Ѳʵ/-HE'0+wޟyOt| C?/sK59Z P{3Nчo#+؏ٚ%##+$(Gw]hƁo]4CycW^nyU9y›śDjz_ޔ)˯~Ѧ==)mYˣ-9K52ML\ŸL{1:,n?n-ټsnz_jϴCo uK w 7^l+7}ϼFЦ>_52.ϷQ!_i%:z_S@6y%Ud~Ѧ_ 76 UϜW-zȸXi!j*e~~x즊į{_(̹~բ_K_E.EQ= U_cca"{XϜW-w#_;9څUw(P2pxѭ ޱPCw|cuЦ֢|Lz$`v]|z}&{KgYjg zǂ-}} nbK޸Ы]9uGeRYBx6vĿv&?<8{q:)A[x*;g> Y*Ka(]ir|S tr#"HfSHQstb;Ei/?m_;;M3`8i(+9sIҍ;s'WY-Cn܇uP=spg.; ZV?suosţZ\PȯȞ_;esemg.Kkу,{=f!_mE1UdWxҫjOeZwk..Ey6w)$jgxY6з B\,OzNQ?'H'y*{SAJ\1zU^4=s\C֗eXɄpJ9Z63WM燻x0zHPV!FP 3=l:F!*?z_R' 0ï_UW \"=DsַsfkqˉZi$Ef7w8xYwLg.䫭1̯/Pm mzo^/gљK=sY-6&.W//xg~])?c~axJu].ܕ"}Ukr^zhXk9s|V:ZOy:EtWږ|ScY06p.wj|YY>s眧b+8XS<4uvCVX^{l}3J{˵1wc>S!e__ KQKodwJo%{ jEp;>*eZXS~vWY\E;o/IDÐ_7/g*R|Bf9*n:7U뾴 Yֲvប.TUϡ] s/Ayj}ͮs2vʖu\axjO=e}(aVU`*s%65{LZ۱jM=|Eg%}}b]k$_6j5ג<;M` 7pX+*\|w|Y;OT~ Ge+F}/)T7Ϳc5}O:Uq1XVnr EtYh^:GU8H ?X8ȇ&o-!nޯ zGݓAQ}孙 }ƶ~eAd;fͻoӌ٪za/?aϫ}oS7\׽o ~wpLm') uQԻ|π4ؗ'c5[4?|C%2UT/-VaeܕV4MA{7R/;\8Dz_6 iv mwqOHj.mR1zF଑$IK|1  Cb\AOcKa}|83 ih<0oK^}GyhNY;%7"aY;@e-WKA-_ *I7bUcjU9dܦ 9q8'uS y_<]/Cl:@@u&}X)WU}VkbiR VГy9_uFr s]z;c|ӈrȅu,]NxGl( uPY5٤U2|㴤>藱3cq@V؜FީYAWŵ4|<6wG4H \[;x}vZ-<:FC\ȶkf̕ۆb#_| zO v촊DZ7㨴zp[_[?T]Io<rf?fM_'-?C +7-Tyxy_1S(ЏC͸f sS\O]\OϽvxG8y8;jݪOm tw9c%4Z?y^q~hq&|ynyA !o m>uٖyaTxF]-Y߆Ɵӳ p< YS~c>& +|Ƃ6C~{~)2>KWDl+fy_>'Fy}󼽶ՠS ; ̯T̯"B/_տץ@jy~oC+ ^˷w Zk0}:ZGnZ!z0{V_gd:t-qE`Cz_s.KϹl f \h%YvWCoY}<{:)R() 3qټf4cjS f.\Z=FM^ެ0Ap }|6c`ߝZMW=1.}4v;9Pت<Ɋt"PV14 b%q]m] VnUo|2˦^K3سr8˰ӆ&iC;6,tUjݳx0zޛ u }|XŃaa?ͻoA?>Jp Ι*,9Di|$ N~%;PIz@~*mQ_ש'}ո6hFba|I;Fg{Cum`] 3^, hЮ^ZӲ"Z}?ps?N8I'2;i{UHkϋw19bs9T[c>V=^}=uazu9^%YzQzM.mJen{+ҍZrp#̥Uqv.1&Uyl{ go?u RV% tjV v@Μ.⢝mRVB*^2W<& m Kߝ:+(?%3}3P~jqu PcPem^x[ن,c"[:g?yɓu2,f|O-it 3t# y!ޫZ\g/>v>ٷ'}vyE kd~Xٲ^SeE4]uf^O&:>mVxVppJyӿ>-Ϟ|tY!+@sIlzXN:qӔذGnh<# A)3H7,̺eۼU4]oRPv_S)*T/E$Ja%uīge-DIns51^Q!yji!ozm?C7?+A1O~˓U_LRiʑybxn7GX7x_ 者S[EŽ?%9=JC~OA'oٕR|ł4,S٧Cw[ض^ UOXơ6343MucikP,ymiOq-ۇc" qOpXm Uޟ2X[<|-T1Nbi:ru: t % I7dq= O}Y,iAƐLK9uJ|3eZ IE7m;\i@KL`oo9 =2,Ė=ӗ<ЙrY}>hG2Hw:iC Pro2*"^δme9w0}J+ؒw <`Xg%6n/4q40酞7 mqXNZ m=,8=zƸh~0x ʜ"o=Fiդp_e`ԫE8V@;bJX3?/O|K[탰 W/WbyVhXK1*Kc~LJx=Gz7J`5=9[6L{pv^{Cs ?py.o(};R!g*}aj=Y>RJ)`5A{WOQ{?kyVŗt110E4-4;6g>1".P}nSq)YuGl\ՕRTKW tDhRDt :ܜ3NjbZ{FoK [WD~aJHd]jW@&I4"7qogdd,~yVQjƶLUyVfLľA]Ƕy9nSlWS 9?u_٠ةl_8Fu%O݋.̝>IVM,XF"{gڢkKŊvm?OU;A}R8>/}!~ƪ]jSD{T>/%Z(zGFyd{ 'Mh ]61xAtU|*qNJhv91 myEq~o458-m+_L+Q=i/ih/"\!N\!N^~[4jԡCn]sCaY^UkE^h";G9¡osJc9^ cXSjsX=G?A.O tźmvZŃ~~$G9-Y6{ke `-,S!5_B (*>$HN)m|/ɾN=e86fVЧ%ߍZ*z*>vRyG#9bBЄr` M0 }6Ǵ ikZ"Cei.ʀuӘ2i8iO=Uq/^WďFEq 2r׊w4W_K5…8=Zk4 ^_7Q.sKD%Ag8~ύ:w{G* )?K{rh'xWη ۆbO3~#Ǽ 4/~W\htnxCg^y{w79`Yz wDj0} ]9#{ufpz+M Ӏ.ʃCNl\oKߧdOE-Ш4,ɷ>jJ<哕Ec/g?9! +j ̪7΄ qwJߩ8Eo}@o'jMX>ϯ AmZ\j6 зYmonfZQdO~جoY3"~V;Jk b fۓ ܟϢ/ W4|E[M-敏.]@.]_]ֈEp} Rs- \Z~ {@L~F֣s }˾vl] ^dКTh.؛<8~|759ïZ;}?wWwPd>e_AG֦OSeS Θt 9Nך3ӟˠRS!u 9kn̿vN33>xG# 2i|)B_΃ɩ{,,78   1  2  3  k  4  Ðèñ. 1. ijàãðàìà Åéëåðà - Âåííà âèÿâëåííÿ â³äìîâ ì³êðîñõåì ïàì ’ ÿò³ ä³àãíîñòè÷íèìè òåñòàìè 1. Ìîäåëü â³äìîâ ì³êðîñõåì ïàì ’ ÿò³ ßêùî óÿâèòè ìíîæèíó óñ³õ ìîæëèâèõ â³äìîâ ì³êðîñõåì ïàì ’ ÿò³ ó âèãëÿä³ óí³âåðñàëüíî¿ ìíîæèíè ó , òî ¿¿ ï³äìíîæèíà  - öå ìíîæèíà òèõ â³äìîâ, ÿê³ âèÿâëÿþòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ äîñë³äíèõ òåñò³â. Ìíîæèíà ç óòâîðþºòüñÿ øëÿõîì îá ’ ºäíàííÿ ï³äìíîæèí  ³ :     1   i i , (1)        1 ; \    i i , (2) äå   k    ,..., 2 , 1 – ï³äìíîæèíè â³äìîâ, ÿê³ áóëè âèÿâëåí³ òåñòàìè     ,..., , 2 1 â³äïî- â³äíî;  – ìíîæèíà íåâèÿâëåíèõ â³äìîâ. Ìíîæèíó âñ³õ ìîæëèâèõ âèä³â â³äìîâ ìîæíà çîáðàçèòè ó âèãëÿä³ ä³àãðàìè Åé- ëåðà–Âåííà (ðèñ. 1). ßêùî ïîçíà÷èòè â³ðîã³äí³ñòü ä³àãíîñ- òóâàííÿ òåñòîì i  ÷åðåç d ³ =     1  i i i , (3) òî ä³àãíîñòè÷í³ âëàñòèâîñò³ òåñòó i  ìîæ- íà çîáðàçèòè ó âèãëÿä³ êîðòåæó j i = (d i , t i ) , (4) òóò t i – òðèâàë³ñòü âèêîíàííÿ ³-ãî òåñòó. 2. Ìåòîä âèáîðó åôåêòèâíî¿ ïîñë³äîâíîñò³ òåñò³â ×àñ âèêîíàííÿ òåñòó çàëåæèòü â³ä ñêëàäíîñò³ çàñòîñîâàíîãî àëãîðèòìó, ìຠôóíêö³îíàëüíó çàëåæí³ñòü â³ä îáñÿãó âèðîáó, ÿêèé ä³àãíîñòóºòüñÿ òà ëåãêî îá÷èñëþºòüñÿ. Çíà÷íî ñêëàäí³øå, à ³íîä³ é çîâñ³ì íåìîæëèâî àïð³îðíî âèçíà÷èòè òî÷íå çíà÷åííÿ â³ðîã³äíîñò³ ä³àãíîñòóâàííÿ ð³çíèõ òåñò³â, òîìó äàíó çì³ííó ìîæíà ââàæàòè íå÷³òêîþ ë³íãâ³ñòè÷íîþ çì³ííîþ, ÿêà ìîæå ïðèéìàòè òàê³ çíà÷åííÿ: l – íèçüêà; lm – íèæ÷å ñåðåäíüî¿; m – ñåðåäíÿ; hm – âèùå ñåðåäíüî¿; h – âèñîêà. Ãðàô³êè ôóíêö³é íàëåæíîñò³ äëÿ íàâåäåíèõ âèùå çíà÷åíü ë³íãâ³ñòè÷íî¿ çì³ííî¿ â³ðîã³äíîñò³ ä³àãíîñòóâàííÿ çîáðàæåí³ íà ðèñ. 2, äå d – â³ðîã³äí³ñòü ä³àãíîñòóâàí- íÿ. Ôóíêö³ÿ íàëåæíîñò³ íèçüêî¿ â³ðîã³äíîñò³ ä³àãíîñòóâàííÿ l  äîð³âíþº îäèíèö³, ÿêùî òåñòè íå âèÿâëÿþòü æîäíî¿ â³äìîâè. Çíà÷åííÿ ö³º¿ ôóíêö³¿ çìåíøóºòüñÿ ³ ñÿãຠ0,5, ÿêùî òåñòè âèÿâëÿþòü 18% âñ³õ â³äìîâ. Çíà÷åííÿ ö³º¿ ôóíêö³¿ íàáëè- æàºòüñÿ äî íóëÿ çà óìîâ âèÿâëåííÿ 20% â³äìîâ. Äëÿ íèçüêî¿ â³ðîã³äíîñò³ ä³àãíîñ- òóâàííÿ ôóíêö³ÿ íàëåæíîñò³ çàäàºòüñÿ òàêèì ð³âíÿííÿì: 1 2 02 . 0 2 . 0 1                   d l  . (5) s#x lU@[^k <[^ReuA ,(hhX"lJ5.mtװEn7ADd7(+FQD+2yvLk<DttNIG=>N:' u![89uӵ6(Ǫr0/;ڧ5@g=y3ւZm#?ƾ#b y1l {7!eW{m3XD]B7=`w!穎|tٙ6"}Y܍\+%כ/Gg^eǍvf ;AgZ_xDfzʛy=oqac`a]9W+n,޾h(It=Gst7tX< ?mW&6 ֘/NƆ3XJ3[-lsi1'rQ z\IAHWҺ|E87oSnf'nkqG\ mp]@qL-q-JNSO</ᅢy_MXHkcz\-[W `3Y T:p?M!%rXuct}ڇ:ðWt5A"7sVW 2}r\ J{|[G9U1θ~CNoW:7gu+P-}g"V0Pg LO37K2;Տ? &w9~*AOW߂2j6=}XAq TG|ۥA`u*p%yNT"W؏$J:|./R5\9_ۆt ןz""p*p,/c?)nVSKΣeU_n9'_B]XF:9̦&~vc pS9t*bM`/1ORW8q$A3x“hj8u'p;(/ b)p3prx)6Y6s%x*=xxl_'i ,*4f0%eM+K@>6/ia.97`%]f\m#k`;KCAj-_Ҷh6s>oP s< < qE|π[[`x\Fh(D8$D~2hZ:4m{E;MEyi4߂&$ Q;{~eoQF J4@?y U24MQ?ſe nK%|ſ>CLq+++`/Tn~?_SxyШ 2L <j/l񳸎:5Yd4-9ޑ`Kkp Hd1@4VDVqׅ_i1qBǿd)(q0oANim~W pzHEdwm4l{/G8'|QE3I`J"WX %|C)|CO*~@i Jƒb yʽl ]=];v ΃\[_$.]̧1迿^V@B44!NFc *+CM 1 g R 8:UGƐ +MIa.7x㥨%[>:OH/\Z#xͼ Pd'M ݥrS݀d4 HQ* I˰:TPezILD} Q`GhdzhdyZ$EwLV/`qk Ss$ZYesjzһWHL[*-5۱k#tîtKdASvDw1GUKԖ+q?U^\hUӠǏEw]]=//ND>RK4I$q3q=S7@>CJ;v0+P3D9T̷v:RQބ,4 \9Nw§F$;q2 eS@NA(.xS0? LkoI{g A+6N2 S21]MRTSaV+qLGom'$XN 7Ӏأ@>X1H;%,ț&`n#u<ɆSa48Uvh>i sTɯs˜:>݋@o4qI"pӪLi"D ˈaaI:IƯZMu- as@g":~gIQwg$~Ԣz!}7ؘU$2>P4w#q{4 4[?tS MdmA)xw[VǗ)-3l𾉪׽̞j?x-YrD#Y%*߃.Aq~("9e7؍/2돝5&e\>p\7"iq̳=o<Ӌ M;_[[9?fF˃C8C%m5kew=cuW k-g%-ܶ2a6&a}e㮍) #J'悒ɟ0񎧡G% onw3@2LAnˣ+97"FV&.rG bydT,>v24S>vq-ܩKWݱ0ݫ=i-z]Y:gPGOr:-ql=*b2x$ÁCKF:G.6?FE378ZQm/w{t+b2#'II1 njU#ʪH"!R[֬nf A -F3ª`?h)ݹU2A]̩]lT7/=091d~'*6^(aϺ/ߕYZgف+vR˭_&8;y/757E*Ϊk8h\ WlX*e^b3j {©X'0%ZWԬ#WnrŚdif I鋙NJboȈvsh&S\^kkl3>7Nl~*;쪓shvvZgTf{>"һq 5gϝ^B~5%>~5ל=7%;ExoUzK vs޷Jn=Ϧ| lv=#d+۸o"sWt"Qkʭ 6-'jN/5\Lb[leYqu %-|_U.@hQ%=t#ĭ.9:&d zEwЍ,5\8 ρlD3x) 4+4VL`.B>TBܳVwHɱEZ&C tA8i)ͿqB'-ѠpRylڈ~sO>t-;AAnE$tm~鿺clL?K<[1FV.9fwM;p!TKEռo=>bUIl]'e{s"[4&maui7ޗ4'A #VKa@Ec_#0Y]W&hL9Э8hbnYe&dOoqe:T[f [p3H틁=TC=Rtd}=4l~[1jcɆwB蟽a|mqϣK/N,RdQ KVΟL@^q;%qƑKӷCi^%goh?`|9$ȤPn+ _#HИCcrф/}6nj^ޱkLh F8h?̿'?$"%Ί :$߉l=nǻD;xD$IdLI|wf^мZڢܵz܄\ɮk~58@l^Bl` ԰w :mg~͇y&0_xFS&6&o+nl/>L$@?}hDcK }m+O4>df3ydn/7@'aUk6Gc&h 8W af"Ir8]Ue,UgcXO 6@4r#EMkܭF^oU.Xɛhf>M@5v AjRIuH&Y8T 7ߐO$0f(BrҵAE.ur;:rQ =[4a/Ӆh8҄C2&O=)lɔ "SPVV/>ƄᖧKZɏ^O meHN cs3I{&!R^1t2L(Vhm+]zp%XC{It";g+*m- 3)̬LP@%rZۼc j[>+]XJGYX8Vg)Et5pK``{"#ޓ/pdK5ŌZ#rvM #/ yjY0<%n1=we*& &59A}*TAuf ji"jsG}!<@?x>犯K{Jj^)VahŵMK+E[ZR1;JNKvTj RsըE=8#P`2#hW]x9JLHzvf^Ǹ&i|emBHY_,E$P3ԮqJ҇z i &_a'b{k,3ko`/-& !pi%KY $.$ ۖU alkQ"3jG5 ?1!-0 ]؈ʘ {IRƅOAzR#Ѓh<{[ՐB<*qB僅~ ,rJ4%e^eSd,Nf6.F޾!ƝC@{G ?$)#u԰NԉҮ1#sKI' hf?\p`@Ͽa;D3fjv1Ddq`>ݘtZb[Q-~fM$BcO!{#k{Q<$aˡ57/pSIQUTgZ ?d"6bP޴v@av9'2#4AKr'dk juz?JMFF/Wpm-gHyaWnTC̕=c$0ܽPyɳqPYDA눰Ν5Qj+oz"U)HśKɁvJΧ#ȢwårYuz(Q<#("sPNw_9okk{#Z{owaDAvifcvp }`U! ,$FC@Hvт\{uJz CVa=$i?foriUճxr0&5#/NIZQ7aNP]3d%sF2[ƸebI~z &jA{5@{vB]G7J#/cS¹L(xGgJºx3 |i>^B'Xx棏-YvBiqJrH#/W0J Xe]{*f}NdHۺ(IrDW9s dx[i#Q 8JλxP K؛o4Dt#g8NBOn"h!.M5!VL# `ɟz)se [Xͧ1RT-KI VٹWؔ+CvQ:cMga RTNﴧ_0{a"|ZrmeIxWWeEFY]n~h>LϤ@k/{(40{{#vd BϖCVɕϳ49HXxu|#ft:9sY PaUy6$`co]0#֜6c1=Bev %vgrua6w>ZLLeX(L](dO24 {MdΥ|8}i*2܈qZjwvac#`cYA[˖#ƿͰotcvB_RqM}F΀+`J$7V>tB;o7; nq=Fh}LlT4JMgz@\2eB gec!l܁<@uƏQ3$W5ti->=}Ċe@ m-^C@t1s cSBA۠gTn P/{w$ `{M~s3ن ԭ.Ӓ@N.(( Fr_Mypj!۞|\ͧZ.UUvϣxV bF.zq NH`7w{NeRHXWO!G% ΪRx/I.w>z`yΩX/ZĴB; ۞ğslyX%۷q:;m eg|0Z,̗&Y*:&R>SoBpq^.f̔6/j~^A4υ]'8Un9zl$Lj">q0عlk="@^KN }Vr]Dtmyn#z-OR?ي%2vӃ!j|V f 2,&JdI(t-ԡ; ϕ t@٨8n/,-p"gL"4 eb4m$9q>$S%#b}09eWG޹dï|m$P1?Dti0SY1Y,ű [_8yTr9LvY~ȣ=ULx^yA}}qԶ9{L/ "A9193x+Mbp;06\1IɖW\)!UTPrqoxV \}M4#_jZX'g0Y:2Âe0b#" 9: ry0>6Ƥ;U }e>/J"_mTh]|)6ӥ%kBuMv]pjYVlvEZjOSwM$(l>e oV:^]2yQ^TgvGqG/ 6=[P T*RV/}:ec;Oѵ1W4m*6B=u3nMZ [m~4~bܞxFGo}5oq*';6a*8ٍbV ,ei2:g:e* l&Ƒ#8,A_chHI2mXSvaYmeTPW!Saj +H&Ky_t 4^"W-QL"ISRQ Pi]rܻ뱐aG_ ٩Jw%ֳt;&Yр8*>QT]LT%DkI/h&+f5Jiw1̝ƻp|C4I} p'ƖfSK-rTbd*}e /t?9h{?У ԯ9;̚۔A&y$xsUzkS~!Zɪ-tVL $DVd2LnvD.$$,B->CR&eFQJjF0l)TIO%<2$?ħTy^VKH-k04B33:2D13Qi&j!_R<:֓hsGb[ؼDp7P8o<)c =7g{K<ĈC𢹀o9?7GHOT1{θ1ron.8/Ūz\bEaټ"OA:ѧ|}jn4%˜P~;|5yYK뺣=:E~}/_J:{> |V_fk^m^+$UvbܶY;Vە~MUes&6\3us0^D1!)5E@"qӳG[ԌvQe];/SBґ1Cd)kK&eŭvk+;-!A}w6N>4oL^ #ɥ>Z(qO2T:SbʄaUnkW!m7+Mϡ5XyMO}[n7=(vJt8cvxm"XvI^she t>!Ƒr֊/T{:/a)& w&)KɪV蔮pX 'fjvyC|2f($3T+޸8Xy+5K=J`D 95W۳o wh-H/\oRu)UJi49aZ9oR}~s6Fد~L{O(nKrޔ(/=fr.eAVXlȚћQH-7/iץ-P-Xsߥp@FN@YMgd; ~$`]}NU(ȤęúyUbh*׸JԨV&z/ډӀvەu["I{/ $tj3rGQrX;)"@4$7ϧYcpZTSɃtR~~n'Ö-*E~Lsw{ l~; ~*34B`/kP!uҬQqǾ£CERZa1;z}IN]װ7߃A t?|GEU{'B{"G6n-竽"L %- IaBѵ/4Y =TRq5;ky].GPfb=5N/oX@p+k?*͇,]o>fwTWk 0w,;@I 싙յ_VsD2omCR1Yi>څyG˲&,Dvo_){,d/vRW^]|)QY2#YZʀMBAS%D]5-ֻr8{R ^g1ꑃ:m&nB{,V-bzG!^`㶴A-DUG:F{5YuM$;Uվ!ء|@+ב  Rpd;zYikK(h^u:.˧r{>Xhwf"J,jhD~y𠝷@4 68mnnz^3}мƾpnؔ/e/bBMl9zidg;1L<7qsv[ u`\ٟs~\l6b Bo>]VvIbiޅE! 7}prSߚSc ğ;k׏["{l־k_3/wE-[6yN/?jdѲ)CV%j\8YvM6 }"y&^2˸D 5h^s#OLK+{4 Jh|!n)S]U‘"]̨n/d)mTeJ6YGp>B3o5=C婇-T/DT:Ֆ,v+!Zh_& nMO@bj{|PV"-s^TFPMw i.?5+ 1gLDZ |W+J acir?6 ߚEDԭv'9W`I^NGMzH{QIqYڪvN}-<'rmvv*}B?XH~TAԏzt; lMX*%\XgbpN4>y1 haW]¢< 57LjaS24#WĂBX!¡pgo ܏2Mw. Kp$8S9^cL0@.T vH ^a ~(UY(0!a;[lK:ˀ,[ᙗ8 kZey큃y[i;? TFڍ(n3X/ȊX pܽYؘEϱ5/dm]|g6~rЉ@JA(OVg`3SH;w\cgߺW]ZnuQ([1Z^3Ϟ0jm^Z2NFhYlw= ۮ$ 2ẦH9s G3}-'68&im\P粨zzmd\cI&rFn1#ܘY]Pg1da}(򣧄 qVvM_^A^חZDxb*έW]L\,ߤ&86hC&C״QMᔱG:~z"y`'z%/f9+ q$ՄE un:73GG$),yR$'~M5 ng&s_nߗ^3&*Xq>%H|0u!y;ث2J|Ya%dl|> JP*'6q.K u `{E%_54Ӟ[2(wvqpqJ<4%W5|D򊦝h 4!{o}Q@02bnXEJy^C9>&âi\"IEe@JjZ K{,ObպW ܂-`in5( ^]'(z%w+ڇBgaZa. /4td4ȣ7„?xN ۳fdwdPX5GCBZ`ӱ.xG=f%؏3MUuE2>\Cu saqV\#8dԵkaU\&l?v7,F5t7B> %$^$|1%0UVH=.\A26 sǡo>6޹ Uk*ct#sE7Z9fu%'b?OKn+jQr^gb'zuY’ϲU-7dT94NzctQh,;Mҟ+ ?-*%,↗6Njn3Rcs zՏb' ԁ3(W v;ToqG% ef;7o| A]Q)3XO V*L*)B7&/}6jw,V2g urm[PK6ޑȘYB$eJ>zد*%7+qG w,W=dxN5N~rO`HmwN6.[VR ,4$8^NDL]5CcF>Bx&X5yZ?gϩllahgu7hz>U{،{2ވ { gՓu x 4& &%.}LFYN2DY"kxfm+֑>kc3xkį`tJ&%*ťtCE;&$ƶUor88|8?hASruǭ^@l .AXe06DKlF9qF\cP9,6֎Gj~g`.wԖ-pÂʜI4 }]EAwm-+KRoNQvzQ6ZY ߇iDg®>ca'+V> y}֟>|8nFFHӞʣ'7 . K Wņ.*M& XȂhvՑT@!-xsjr<}~Aܗ+ۄ=尨䚓RNpNS?1㸘bU)>67`JF|75bԾpe`a5w9a@U\k^0! #k=S]LLSsd_g%m[@Z"WDGV^QBUp=DBT0uG-|UU$~H+k,x8kP*W-ϤXY18k" ,1G=ժ('S.ށm8%\Wƣ-~ZL#}MoW@KƔlT'靫U:,OeY7LJyN-Hӂ]˔&ţRc{yᇸEJanvJ$ 󫤦ks_@ R`\J;|'(Ԯ=gfF\5d m*V֬j گ&ڶ"cʤ4md+H6gAE$P X{0uڡ6qh\ڍ Edo!A _ֲ!DQP`%Χ"rB CHQLhom0 ћZ.:&] !i nHfE>m ilZ" 0s{#JXn2dRғ,/ }(/}])q-~.,?-DOh^.6b9{2۫H dpjٳ|YbdQHcMG{-6-Z^_MK=OaˑMsƖk>A orWI( %KyuOlL"M:-g̨w`"S/G~Acʼ|BڡRjRRM'8.hG17Oݞ9ksE!" ^H45 h=5/Z~k*e*iaL-BD402ͬsdzT̬Yff5k=kϜKw/JԣAhjI"}ҲZ̴tNT;>>ZX2bӦM)gn(S!;jm ̝dqƨܛ77Pwޞg|g?x5Umq&ϧqoV4k%-vħflU S#cY6zۊ2_VƻUɛ>zytqϜWhOh):ibZX[1nE# <Ά$q4Ŗ]Fv۱LK8S{_MF3C&ϭ8'׬3k-բg r ̼'";Oi|mrgnvz.s۱/_J~y*l/2?:VM]_F<7~XFdz;̼ͯ4l=׬~~˙nX&sLlӰI#YBM̘>+cڈL<3W֢̑QUh1ݏ75PnίL N9hanizC4oШG󾱌rߒҔ_C{j5%%Z{[/ 9\3y˳gߪcYRg tKl/伱63Y#Ψu?zvr}S^h~,݄~-~nmGBo?5oִȩ΋>}e ;p4O뙯݂%3;RGِ^Q=~}[郡S6 λM6T8VnCm}'nzj6XšV&֟U ΄&m 0ݣv$Hܖ)AJՒXw;:T ^yhNhc,mffX 'tKdʚܳy޾U}bޒztB|ԴA I_lN\Ҟ47<wW$'j6k6$u^Vdݝ^^| [v>-m>Z꛾Lʀ}'S֮{aͥ:i~VԹg۶nYm>uGx5D'g1qÊ+%Skk ~DaY>w~Yǘ+<6Yc[֜7{ּ7:o[}yXơַzpɕdCS%=6KyA-7ks/\*خ>x|bJ܀C~ȈkG#p܀zmTw֞^w<-,_lcMv$6|Y.yiUrC>ja/n=)Oعޭ#X齝gdF5mSsd,8g~.uuxnٵڶmkjr܁aYG\)z[E;Ǽǽ\M/3gZ}6ÿFY H=ԧ&ϝMq@* ^hRfȔk O[ճi:vZ۳jSkzye{->~?r%cIKWgvgYpr cYFyCKK )Is&Xncn뿾8bmj|M<oe鉞%<3mlBoEM7.7Eֲp xѴJJHf*wO'vlVG.y/٭FhbgUд)aND fJr87=&_K.݋LJ Վ=kɩؤ|m1 ]awܗfP0J.nu p[0 NSNk=cit8e,-<17p~{+porhK?իgh|s}zgvu^`쀫'vzȹ5[&G;s4gYZϽ7YCV 9tnxe -o Ӷרک>&L]h-^ܴM }\~uwc*N}+#tݸlSQ_ǽv|+ӳ)2d>d 67{.k,AXEͧgH徯ENwTmu7JՀ mЏDoK Ϡ(80O3- \<|pYG;]gw*g$Nx^sx~'q^p~KنlCD53sW;?#5z(bt#aKzF3 Fw"J Dd?~&M;rC ~,[ X` Ea-GYkc/ZvIU{O hײ +ysZ&brg9k\rR'egA% /\v[OGPߖ^7@ OAB1wt\‰Ϙs/XIG%i2z=نВ6HU cYm+mu/4yؘg=sG6at~k, 0ڙ8jU?g3Qor3ס9fhyhy]ڴ$!+(jQc*xyGt"> eS1yXXFܤpˆO\BGy7Dz)u&HiGu'}gLXΘNjߤ_}C2w V>܆mѮA.W Kf6Y)-C@.k-Y 9 Ln/ g;˳ȂR+~ Щmnzb|E _™n]IH]ˆ#OiOlg9 gBZ'rިt)w֧|َ1aw2-8ԇ`7!!wn!؇^2ynf<4Z"!K )^_(Y 8~GorO ^.K ɣ<5QOǸ9ItSN~h{.FL̀{̗B9=wWuJƹ8iò⌓OW8s>mKcOe>3e3eS /4B=Ĕ3q(Givx4qCɿ=_n#[,Ʋq)qnX%qX`-oCO-aex,p|V|:g .8p y8dYZJUb#關= UP[ tRW9C`2:tC7L1!yH|o427h>"_jel,@3Hc>i͚P.9ä΂Ǵצhf}0}@6?K^uWzLѫA^Bu7i (рi7'lo3-d_i?:4_+-_-P46Śndiצ=}NZ Riݵm0=ȟˆ`N(W׭/U _bV7`,cB7_0 \~H& 9k<%D%;e:~vYc,V$)GGG"`wBii/Q(os$צ*j8 W>FCw0;c:jz,֘,4ؕ._+kυW.|u&cU?ihkhp/~I)=66)i~WϘmNeml]wu 5!5)6α~ߢUѧvAlCNBy9'.WE#+b̮u0E^JEȞDA^UN:%r%/2+ʝwVnwsߨggԿ;zFVg'#*>|!>| hԮ:^xFűvnߢ/)x`Fx퀧wG/҅LA|FS_Jo/Y }p%,ǭQ3#2P$Ryyf]ISAl[m wķʲ(#8"=^kzk`(T_%pmO_-#%.Ǹ)tcg;F@J 6٫'3~6ȘkI!-__ge9nCTzH86GZ,,'L1fgL֑ L걌cz,#K /m}=|MRtA#V}ȷlQ*(_3+'b o~U囄 s<*G"YuxYhM3O|YWHe ,))HGbfgj{϶~B]hRU gLTX_$y5鋜 8O}S~uWˆ+t''ԃ\ș{(t;b3҃oPf[ iy@ӽ~Um]6/ 1͘翠 e_.\E-~`.}u0M>q2g<#4|.O<'X ROX`lO }d -%a=+ P֞(n iz.閙 PV@&@Stb}|a,p9mRo'~G1pKKz8i#`<| xeHW.wz`4c耺.6X/K|.zϽ'I>rl#']ꓴ]wJotA j_y}mM:c%.B(j2 ?~ ڇ2^;Nu$~SF7k$)U5rBy_@Z?_c~9*/W/rF1+kr(;_O@^2ܭLWs92kqrwA+,x?D>F٪Fk%II)'_Q\+wTЯz|Qd4rIsG\i'1"lҮ\K/G~Nfl,WM3;vJ~]WKfs3ծb%W!0a[vW[}s~"*yZޝliliD?. ˺81uHq, X#ԋx:Y3 !>9S8FpN<1gm|ćB~p dSSFI\0rYyc9ˤ>E<:U˩BKz*qYN:ye /RWpG>QRNwad ~`tk7tSgIsGuO}AGHY/}LZA> _0yԧ'渋&.yO}`K~\ҪYWʉK,Sȼ/xK`WiCz>iH9FiO,B:@h_:`aI(s}dmȎGC y?c$&?E26O\I25r5<{4s}*¾8}, U7H_N?`lɕ V7ube²"m` E)w ~;|O~8up?=L?bLgٗp/@UpXqNNY+GEtW?%4L|T79uNq_eco.mCheWkXk)Zkt!Z\'dl8*#1UW>_#b٣u2PVq/q~MY] Ymh.״`I;z佤K\iSʩ,~C\g^kjIe ҮzP zuʟz,[2A d/>uꅻ1/fi u.Hͺ[“8:!yA(ʋ˙)'/fLz4a[[1v z XW23"O0gDX]pK>P7>)9/H7̙w؋vBszrkʺώ\kݝC>Kh$@ S=\E>w⼐%XF(2| Ǽ#Y;".z/)#Scs&"{,Bcu==^#MP s𚃎#.eHϔďOR 05wI~Ss\ 08ikvrU9 B H#`7^\UGsŀ:k{J2產';[4ew}Dt iZO!UwRZwB 1w_"{r⩈6e@>WKlCQeE8yE\FQ]R3G4PT;#fAb\up\ eùM;G(.ލs$,, 79 Ðèñ. 2. Ôóíêö³¿ íàëåæíîñò³ ë³íãâ³ñòè÷íî¿ çì³ííî¿ â³ðîã³äíîñò³ ä³àãíîñòóâàííÿ ³ðîã³äí³ñòü ä³àãíîñòóâàííÿ íèæ÷å ñåðåäíüî¿ ìàþòü òåñòè, ôóíêö³ÿ íàëåæíîñò³ ÿêèõ òàêîæ äîð³âíþº îäèíèö³ ïðè íåâèÿâëåíí³ æîäíî¿ â³äìîâè, ñïàäຠòà ñÿãຠçíà÷åííÿ 0,5, ÿêùî âîíè âèÿâëÿþòü 36% âñ³õ â³äìîâ. Ôóíêö³ÿ íàëåæíîñò³ â öüîìó âèïàäêó ìຠâèãëÿä: 1 2 04 . 0 4 . 0 1                   d lm  . (6) Òåñòè, ôóíêö³ÿ íàëåæíîñò³ ÿêèõ äîð³âíþº îäèíèö³ ïðè âèÿâëåíí³ 50% â³äìîâ, ìàþòü ñåðåäíþ â³ðîã³äí³ñòü ä³àãíîñòóâàííÿ. Ïðè çðîñòàíí³ àáî çìåíøóâàíí³ â³ðîã³äíîñò³ ä³àãíîñòóâàííÿ çíà÷åííÿ ôóíêö³¿ íàëåæíîñò³ òàêèõ òåñò³â çìåí- øóºòüñÿ ³ ç äîñòàòíüî âèñîêîþ òî÷í³ñòþ ìîæå áóòè çàäàíå ìîäèô³êîâàíîþ êðèâîþ Ãàóñà:   2 5 . 0 20    d m e  . (7) Ôóíêö³ÿ íàëåæíîñò³ ë³íãâ³ñòè÷íî¿ çì³ííî¿, â³ðîã³äí³ñòü ä³àãíîñòóâàííÿ ÿêî¿ º âèùå ñåðåäíüî¿, ïî÷èíຠçðîñòàòè ïðè âèÿâëåíí³ 60% â³äìîâ ³ äîñÿãຠ0,5 ïðè âèÿâëåíí³ 64% â³äìîâ òà îäèíèö³ çà óìîâè âèÿâëåííÿ âñ³õ â³äìîâ. Äàíà ôóíêö³ÿ ìîæå áóòè çàäàíà ð³âíÿííÿì: 1 2 04 . 0 6 . 0 1                    d hm  . (8) Ôóíêö³ÿ íàëåæíîñò³ ë³íãâ³ñòè÷íî¿ çì³ííî¿, â³ðîã³äí³ñòü ä³àãíîñòóâàííÿ ÿêî¿ âèñîêà, çðîñòàº, ïî÷èíàþ÷è ç 80% âèÿâëåíèõ â³äìîâ, ³ òàêîæ äîñÿãຠçíà÷åííÿ 1 ïðè âèÿâëåíí³ âñ³õ â³äìîâ. Öÿ ôóíêö³ÿ âèçíà÷àºòüñÿ ð³âíÿííÿì: 1 2 02 . 0 8 . 0 1                    d h  . (9) ßê áà÷èìî ç ðèñ. 2, çíà÷åííÿ ë³íãâ³ñòè÷íî¿ çì³ííî¿ ìàþòü íå÷³òê³ ìåæ³. Òåñòè ç îäíàêîâèìè âåëè÷èíàìè ôóíêö³é íàëåæíîñò³ ìîæóòü ìàòè ð³çí³ çíà÷åííÿ ö³º¿ çì³ííî¿: íèæ÷å ñåðåäíüîãî àáî ñåðåäíº, ñåðåäíº àáî âèùå ñåðåäíüîãî. Êð³ì òîãî, *xohUǿm[mwݖ #c榯D_h/2@h)Q- d{5lFJ0s+XPNG 7҂6k5хgvsd t={='9%gIM%[Z+ϧk9}ewUǺ.ĆwYu'DsdaoV.WWJPxN m ֋@l9+g@L_?rV9#v )5jJM5S^S|_ m7z :VЄuTo͜l^F_ZGE2E5PnS%Zf2WfS j=伛2n @ǩ.&VGmLB\KqJgGd"Si|naJ.&y| Exh \9Хkq^jq1n=)Ij!Ӥ\)M+kR$_40WO@.6oL-ewfG0hbSg#2lkJ}/P}^]wB.n}\sSqagrxP,Z:a AsA#=N^}h-cZhVB]h?C^q-[7Ļon\\y'WmU`6A#0 -M{psUj8z=O 9?W뜰O`^eG@C)| 'k "s߫EZus G!̚}ZM^G{#$v'8'!|[NX [/:Zk!Yߠv;\6hw`j5|o%OK{Bl^L_xkJLg߹s˞9lxٮB-mZۭϫ;^/Tk:Grܚ2d8q Lu?@Ɓ#96Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:51  <޴ Nh,4(16-2-/ B1(ڇ{,nx ]Uw x ) `ABR$BA"5 @p£(͌ K0"mB"4= D y aM s[N{+wWs:ܭ 97S}A5qpYq΍:{jzǹtnS?u1ջjw] sg/XRm1uvS|("ØGҊ{]-{ ')=ViA+}QЪЮPPUufL9=h%oSȋ`-kLDR&z5E*Vo]M'.$ݭׄBf{@)=7NqؖzOY_aؽmm&k"`my7Ե~(c:8Ճ%kԿ)৔)/OV n2Z)٭w8$IzCPVnnjlP5[)F(ڽ;2u IyUMͺ/([]،fii7>LsYk0} hK93`oe>_}ZF#a}VA[.Y# ͊/XiӍe*[jr\І#nV_:nj6 Pwah[`#}ao/!8&CAcHsg2҇Z{sOp?_ ?qQoRι- k8TA^?Hy'd?SeI~>61tlR\UI~^zEcz㮳үHE٫Zs5ku+l^|ۦ 5&3kr-X}0 7"6ݱ֎|yCۑ6 h䓶~:]Cηs)Eyn2#I`}iǵg/*^WŜpyVJ¬l=K/&+ik(yzI3:M͵}vShC}-HӯYJ!#geMMdDJIfC+ݗ =vC;z})3Fn[?ڿQq픹jBBgoSw&ޥ}IzTsZ{e?V^td %.ozU`.B#ԡ1]%5PisfLOnޘU'S]Ofm>]~0߈-dh&kt̹ٛ54[kNcG=.z܇m>y|:6T鬿ұ2X:oY֟p;du춡~pjCԆuu8oߥ֮J=5cO24gֽ8~MCuԥ?bb>kM<s߶YG|ky۶56NzoUCur72/$3ګ앗K.9S\ACuM &~7=tYٹd̓tocfG`cކmݍnBst015* ?MѦxO^n-+핒ʅVr%>U(+_&_gyϦ̏_&9ry&\*mN=\r߶&2?8sfim;U1em˖|dF^Ml}[Nシч4+۷oU7t˰F>Yv(t섑?qHuuuKw\51߫yĚ~~HkfӲKY7iKm*'_[Ϻ3tS'j4) #/|c޷%Yӻ޾v1ĸc.c2Jul_"B{3϶+ұoֿwr'՟\*2t 9IӔ觪+30/;s$5zr9JW?4ޱ>%Wq]*㶽l~NSRI[!R:#/ݧңUY^<򫩟Roa#C/4&/朲10 :oW=7)>[y\τ=:O, S6Φ\8ȷt1^)?a{?R]G9IDL?pUC小Ko|cSu_kotߜbϡ%RZ0{I})SW y$6kNf9E1k֮="s/~"ž'&tC_Ţ{tb^XR9ۃ>r =:yB-5l9f-6{ %Yf=<6k*ج`f]u lֵXج-`x5ca3f~vhʳL)Vy&z{?TL֎vM563Ѡכt'>ygAb-OsH[_h&gK>_Y]zXy߱qkP)Y|nm6oW87_(IsPqHa+_դ?T=XF~R\ ῂKc4rlpd/Mi YYA'#yÂgEgYsXCf+p{b(H$5;a lt9lƇ6>,aˇ6vƇ6>,aˇ66<Ƈ6>,aˇ6[Ƈ6>,aˇ6zƇ6>,aˇ6vXtwˇ66.ظfA?PDAjf)ڇ6ca^6{I,l|X`z ج`Ƈ6جka l7Z`7jkN7_+g֟ShG^I }XG+O%&Ew?q>⧈uXcsޏDbG3FXkB( %짃jVcЫ6PG5J!|׊t{XK7%mG*ErM*dDV4]H1chd:#ф 8K4K*Ez Aeivn-NpUk?]u32+|K`/ l`svE7>(A X>(nE7>(A зZj,`cn|P`ر|P`c/n|P`ر|P`cn|P`ر|P`c'zykE7>(Ayyر|P`cnGʾ:YiUu} l1balXج`z ج`6جkA l7Z`;wZyev|P>5( }P#󶊋W胊ۖ;5 U\$'vAM7$`A1J}P|Pogud%'W*rD2c0F鰒>_(/ ݳq07㋢XK@hM3giU MGCA,M֮&Jy4Ꮒ&QY` R)M4Y;__{RlK3g.ŜUZbw6<;? l`sE7(G? X(!ƆE7(G? X(_~E7(G? X(vE7(G? X(nE7(G? X(_ŢSX(W^E7d5=~nB-f},6(Kf/? lsYca5lXf]u-6(Y[<ݚ߱G] <_Y*GubEQ#3$73R(E>yTqk'ϥD;SB ?BHg<Гk'lU巅II:goH\3c]suU5~oU SZ|BJxj梨'vEzOM/}^ROo;2e[:쾒nU_'-9򟥲[[R _M E9^a¡ ^ս izb+P[xUj^0yo @!kLsU~BHg-U(~2,=NP*E2OMOڕk`/u#gedt.(E2-hG RFc5Fl87)|Z7V lxЍm6E,񑁍 l|d`򑁍]6vM,񑁍 l|d`򑁍M66U,񑁍 l|d`򑁍=6\,񑁍 l|d`򑁍- 6d,񑁍 l|d`򑁍}'Gb򑁍 66t,CzbzR7K{(c`G6{ %z6y,l|d`͚ جk`G6k[;6>2`3k]ʎ᝭y_fjzgkƃC1e;[#󶊋WV-w[|]&kGԂwUUc?P.LХkl/ӥ*kGub}}UmK)LPXSWgI kU0WҷGQ}Wy. U%AkH0p(GKNA|WЃ*K@*&v;^Y]9<_!'҄v&Ph24K?4Yr{Y-kks]ago|m?l1^bX+9͹?6+c#6+c{'6+c[+6+c;/6+c~nW`Ncƾ6졧 =:졟QW`> %`69ج籰_͚ 6kj,lW`ͺ ج-nXf~vh o})9ShGmA?dؤq3|q_׎Gkk~svcDW=W_eu 2Ct*/}O_rԏ5V}Q@/[+Ƈ)&J}M~y_ ^V%rn :k9/OZЃ_+Kz@hrM[õ4P~{$oAc`Ư6{ %kz6y,lZ`͚ جk`Ư6k[;6~-`3k̆ů5Y5zYgŔ~-ڑy[+k~-ϯ{spѯuw`k1JZ׋/Х:&K?W S) UxVg%}M~y_ ^T%j9L!洲h)i1R_ zKevl/U&luR4ᗪDFYo)|Rs⬌]<6=Jуoy,=nunɺücyG7GsOb9ر|R`s|,IO l|R`I6vD,IO l|R`I 66L,IO l|R`I6S,IO l|R`I6[,IO l|R`I=+'bI 66k,C9˰'yK ,ZVl1balXf=<6>)YSfMO l5Ybaӭ oߵmT_I}Gl[M^>nB㼭j+IMVnlʸ܎>n?cE>)XOa>)tMVI!QKTH/5Coz}MoO?!յi6 5%n0o.ǂÏU\+ZSu@ ׈h%?V)z̏=ǢT&WҏU&cA3%h5e?*Xs⬌]y[B]5=G~,Yz]9zj9XXss 81sR $ l|X``/{U`s,a l|X`a}sn|X`Ân|X`a66O,a l|X`a{+Ƈ[llXt;گbэ l|X^)v,ظ`cƢ=t0CGICnB-}X`s)~;݊)z9;@7guv@ޜ7gX& v,ysnA8͹Xx~<jl;93͙ lL`:3sL3S,㣆nX<6599skxonc"؜v"<9+9$l;99lΩ`:sΩ^uVs@7^υ眑<ŎuF眑9gX<t `y,_X󡏺i\Wp;;Iw֤mfGtux>%k3FuOڜOP!צ:^ǡC}:YS’kZXܖ?/w L>얎KǪyT /=p3|ԓ~ʁR5oiuS|tա iA;SMr+(Ps[:|K-iyrR=66bɧc/-VdqYQFQ2i*Nv)oxNy={xV݌b< Os"I*趨cq9h5:w@a4m hRq[;[DSjoPhQt ۤRz`9r`@&/%3g}S;Ɣ7| L1ħOO=2XP<>~YeǤ\[/>$lLRM6yS6+<\5dR6fx،^/FGG=ʡ X?6 iD /c@oXXtwʃyX>Lhk zo)^XB0{έ j&>ֽ]ju7J*e+T`<04(8;>$ݪ/&!i_guþM;vog-#b/ݓ&tb:g!#.*c 9Vi*$cc fW@~SFǫn^UXC_څ>vJ~,;ڏ5V]( mG=L5e֞ɚF3P ?'ȇOGY, Is}Z?GԡO6X ϳ2L^jPJ^Ǫmz\9so^u/ͺHw=qG&+󘹇N܃V[3sT21uIskJÈ.;OWs>9ޖPJo9_Zy' ͽ<6?<\vɵJJCP #j*'/u#C/Niɋrʛǩlke /HTxf|ӂݞ Ĕ:8_^ɋv⾜oq=+;JsE\s/]s5h*_Ɨ/>_/'uQ(̹2ٺcARb[7g痼}rmY\i\!L4:Msf l.(cy_aaQTyJBx<xѢ //w&Ō|WcePnV 3ObS*"7B#WHI6ͧt<}ZUU'p&>Gmt|;3{w:ADWmO] X{|b _>zVIyMP=9k}mm>JŒy%>mn('$R=0ge**^kMuho4 Fҙ,=:LE٢ܗۣ <\tAs uͯ녦|!*y藯08_^掝vK7&<+<#oQg}U͵Cs-lƥu6q}9ye痝[LCLTrsb8y6$K3 ]ó*gLagÔq>\u‹*pk3 JcF-La;ߞKҶ>%⇢e2!/j=sp'[;=hzN~?"=uX4gmxx\ws\V7g<=u:5fՁ[<ͧoU?\L?Y?_o)=zTi􄿤uxmchXNNp^/N_kR͒gpX9Xyel>?K(/AS?cA1지~sEP.0_.}ԧgϕ~Cy #$_<o{LFұs/oUJgxUC1oʋ!󧔼.Vɋ6ͮgKJ-ؕgK4;Wl ~3XṭӬ͖VNm}${o،3a>%ZvO=E Tƻ;jWP:3foe_?-i2t:VN{a7[}bЎL6_/%Cr3Ce9c /5tGSF1Tvd;UG)YwiV u;v)=v.(t2-ћ=Boi'~ٰ9=;meji̸yo_կ"oޓK^SD74#M=}K|c:L}r{CҴ>m,6kO}Ysou e, muyy2<ʛe E';{F#{޵Ycx3[ëx2#F4/OY'hOYӶAokaΙKĆa4Pz#aXhcsہy;Y;@ESUeP^Vo5#Z/ o%0gJHxoT&%&bh3!SdBY؞6gm3k)7YY3˷z8c O=DG3|i^g$藮!-GMKڙco m) tYٙmgb(_/+pq4*&-3ovf3*03Ϫ]+3_vJάkJ̣5OUYMP7Œϗ]%Y=#?v,հG+G;Mzq M|\j._GjeT`oC3?h7-?&s_G־>56%=V[ڿdϿl8ꨣ7IU/\OJ铚W]F> #L+w+yq2?|}(p_NXY-tSW/&/zܪzJXX}3=a]%5Ix=r]yFu\|=Jpᾜd;r~5;۹9{h_~5Es?eY3Յ#VH'W~/*趗vNU^BxLye>+z]vϳ{bzzrufǼY;~YŎ$<ǯ'Ƕ"`7`/^ 6Yf=N]P&:m_k1e l@ښ7.-' ꒦n)[_k їe|M]2$y6#cQ8Q /?_4_()6GHMI־k^k =FРu`xvgJ_gkY6ifO߮3ޥsʻŞ.h/ٵkNf;ڏc_{W8M5yovɯ<[E06ȟ4Fߠ Nyӕ7u*Ku/~ u)_Wgب=}#Y₾?}k ; )'O6<~|Y70;|I -5G[KHӯٓ5.( (DyQ%ʛX뼦R zG W7|v\L#r yoG'ǽ!>DsC}dl>Orb0:ȷ 1vĦ6āY?㔦_Quu*3FO<[>F6? u?˧ɣЇ꒵ =JowS*ۤ]oɥ7Fw'ވ⋕^uaB'ul!.iʐ&!%dF2hse6CeS#2tHW~#zY |9hX-~g n4w7 S| m~g_L߯RߖZ-ߖ&Uy PF}Z&m)WGҒSҏ*kпr`x:;.T`_Rc~U7i]|?m߯?0سݪ~\_+|<ʵW%;>1w\0#% ;C[{VL=s띖s+ ߛwf>e8&o*OmtL?[\+W%h|Z_գwQ>ܕosoo[O_N\칼dvP{zẃ]\}7Y<~p]dJAMBU=@6РЯς#IsNWޑkW/{2V?~9Q_^ih?[)&}[iXW](~M2|4/3g?KiRyK7[M/%={4}7(4*]4>8)ϋ_(G5,!|Q,so+LNA3~Mh澔B[#]} j~6xzop- vJ$p,R*?Q a-_ax^Z!w˥Rk)#Q{o0*l󏧋mv2Jɋm8Xgjwu/}鲃ەoO\A\FZdž~Z[j.[߱w3ʚHdVe*}n7e7S$9rKk_7-y67VkCY@mT}Q6Ry-k7Icq1AzھJs8˰qNɾo='m'sOx 34 Z PYf,s7tGSF=ox1?v(E/%s*3i۔?'D={e9KeG;- )~>9e~7۩\fܦxg=bol,`m垶Я)3هoM~TyywsKA'J _M>}Xw,ĺYmMX[N8?vIom/u|՘uc=g‡\k|';H }9F1J3Ok8& ò#xlLY?v&32k` !M{`, {@N WYӁ*KQmtIKkJ͉`IM) QK0h\)uBG7OE>0^&#~Snz@yX0\ڒoǽeMcfn0&bDDi|]XWZ),,80 ïðàêòè÷íî íåìîæëèâî àïð³îðíî âñòàíîâèòè ä³àãíîñòè÷í³ âëàñòèâîñò³ òåñò³â ïî âèÿâëåííþ âñ³õ ìîæëèâèõ â³äìîâ, îñê³ëüêè êîæíèé òåñò, ÿê ïðàâèëî, áóâ ðîçðîá- ëåíèé ç ìåòîþ ëîêàë³çàö³¿ îêðåìèõ âèä³â â³äìîâ îñíîâíèõ âóçë³â ì³êðîñõåì ïàì ’ ÿò³. ˳íãâ³ñòè÷í³ îö³íêè ä³àãíîñòè÷íèõ âëàñòèâîñòåé íàéá³ëüø ðîçïîâñþäæåíèõ òåñò³â ïî âèÿâëåííþ îêðåìèõ â³äìîâ ì³êðîñõåì ïàì ’ ÿò³ íàâåäåí³ â òàáë. 1. Òàáëèöÿ 1 Àïð³îðí³ ä³àãíîñòè÷í³ âëàñòèâîñò³ òåñò³â № Назва тесту Діагностичні властивості виявлення відмов 1 2 3 4 5 1 Запис-зчитування l l lm l l 2 Марш hm m lm lm l 3 Хрест hm lm lm lm l 4 1/0, що біжить h hm l hm l 5 Галоп по рядку h hm lm lm h 6 Галоп по стовпчику h hm lm lm l 7 Метелик h hm m m hm 8 Обертання адреси h hm h l h  òàáë. 1 íàâåäåí³ òàê³ ïîçíà÷åííÿ îêðåìèõ âèä³â â³äìîâ: 1 – â³äìîâà êîì³ðîê ïàì ’ ÿò³; 2 – â³äìîâà äåøèôðàòîð³â àäðåñè; 3 – íåâ³äïîâ³äí³ñòü ÷àñó âèá³ðêè àäðåñè; 4 – ïåðåâèùåííÿ ÷àñó â³äíîâëåííÿ ï³äñèëþâà÷³â íîðìàòèâíîãî çíà÷åííÿ; 5 – íåâ³äïîâ³äí³ñòü ÷àñó ðåãåíåðàö³¿ âñòàíîâëåíîìó çíà÷åííþ. ϳä ÷àñ çä³éñíåííÿ ä³àãíîñòóâàííÿ ì³êðîñõåì ïàì ’ ÿò³ ìîæíà âèçíà÷èòè ³ìîâ³ðí³ñòü âèíèêíåííÿ â³äìîâ ð³çíèõ âèä³â: 1 5 1    i i c , 1 , 0  i c , (10) äå i c – ³ìîâ³ðí³ñòü âèíèêíåííÿ â³äìîâè ³-ãî âèäó. Òâåðäæåííÿ (10) áóäå ñïðàâåäëèâèì ò³ëüêè ï³ä ÷àñ ïðîöåñó ä³àãíîñòóâàííÿ íåïîëàãîäæåíèõ ì³êðîñõåì ïàì ’ ÿò³, êîëè âæå â³äîìî ïðî ³ñíóâàííÿ â³äìîâè. Ïðè ð³âíî³ìîâ³ðíîìó ðîçïîä³ëó âñ³õ âèä³â â³äìîâ 2 0 5 2 1 . c ... c c     . Îäíàê ó äåÿêèõ âèïàäêàõ òàêèé ðîçïîä³ë ìîæå íå ³ñíóâàòè íà ïðàêòèö³. Íàïðèêëàä, äëÿ ì³êðîñõåì ïàì ’ ÿò³ ñòàòè÷íîãî òèïó 0 5  c . Äëÿ äàíèõ ì³êðîñõåì â³äñóòí³é òàêèé ïàðàìåòð, ÿê ÷àñ ðåãåíåðàö³¿ äàíèõ, ³ òîìó â³äìîâ 5-ãî âèäó äëÿ íèõ íå ³ñíóº. Òàêèì ÷èíîì, çàäàþ÷è ³ìîâ³ðí³ñòü âèíèêíåííÿ â³äìîâ ð³çíîãî âèäó, ìîæíà âðàõîâóâàòè îñîáëèâîñò³ ñòðóêòóðè âèðîá³â, ÿê³ ä³àãíîñòóþòüñÿ, òà âèçíà÷àòè ñåðåäíº çíà÷åííÿ â³ðîã³äíîñò³ âèÿâëåííÿ â³äìîâ êîæíèì òåñòîì:    5 1 * i i j i j cp c d d , (11) j – íîìåð òåñòó; ³ – âèä â³äìîâè; i c – ³ìîâ³ðí³ñòü âèíèêíåííÿ â³äìîâè ³-ãî âèäó; j i d – â³ðîã³äí³ñòü âèÿâëåííÿ â³äìîâ ³-ãî âèäó j-ì òåñòîì. Àëå íå çàâæäè ìîæíà çàñòîñóâàòè íàâ³òü íàéåôåêòèâí³ø³ òåñòè, áî çâè÷àéíî çàäàºòüñÿ ùå é ìàêñèìàëüíî äîïóñòèìèé ÷àñ max t , ÿêèé âèçíà÷àºòüñÿ âèðîáíè÷è- ìè îáìåæåííÿìè. Ö³ îáìåæåííÿ çóìîâëåí³ äîñÿãíåííÿì âèñîêî¿ ïðîäóêòèâíîñò³ ïðîöåñó ä³àãíîñòóâàííÿ, ÿêà çàáåçïå÷óº âèïóñê íåîáõ³äíîãî îáñÿãó ïðîäóêö³¿ çà y&x lUCk-rm VK6H11G5Ed#VT6lv]#Fb"(bD|1(uܹܝ^oL^oə,)U*r @KtO6sɍhV? c?,竲 <GLWY?ܧ7I4Q=v7yNY=5jwuhw0b-ܳ]:Oilctv6z1rg)BnD]HCpG.ٜVK9/q^G['ݬ ɋ| ^jgh&CIT<`g앒ܔUz-pn>qjj[uڔBGw-ݬ䝢Y}?@z]=LSvb^qdq*W;#xhpu;yN6<7^+Xc5k|߫u0xYu3`6{XCR/q3ǞVΕ%ij{ƂFg "pG. _o/ۢ2Eѽs҅zupM]ef5&ig8$$c+ULDBq3YM tVÉZ㞯Fzw'Qfm_b~Qz!k;<໎6$Bϧ9,37YX _$ )\}Sh矅 kײ9#gRR'ݜݳ&lA=jR㿸 =çX0%aaƸkUU^?? "7C.`~߂Np;xvx~gR|NGį[; Nȯ!_W*R_N?V*WұTJ];:Rcd;= ,At8o zܠ{oE@Wi/=d@ AWs$>iD z |:&Ӳ\|~_{to =>`5A pysV-N]\:d<r?gfͳ*GF>Ӝ ,ֆuEĈ;?w".Azh!xw#Ƚ9lGUZgvj> LC >>ٞNrߑ>J][v~k`!u`ȗge1tblz5K85w3Zx7guRu#۷ 0nDx'hG~~G~9&?IFEMwޏEgҧfٍMN5g3SNs؝ zugΕe*l6K2J7 c8 BߍE?'SZʉuጋh|tq݋Vk;6qʐF=Y؂h-gE}OvEk/D%4F8w-q{0 F4vA;gr.XyUFj逤o+:6ԇ<:7Sλ(j +dGG|Sz\%~D>czsEc!*\yf)qztP,+K,@٘^axҠqHϒ7)I^ eBFsksJ`Sl^!nL٤L(>k:2oe󚿭 eǪk9ds9GuM|d?O6ypӲG&|l%(-O6*oE6Z=rZ艨ݮW`R^\B4C5Ѻ VED˕CMKFn{>S[ F/ ~]-UK US֪kro/PxmGn􆒓fI$̔~īfڕ3]yųf,5S~I+i:1rӄs3*t *Un]P]` r ʭVܭjk Vr=:(&zy˼uh*G%QE<߹iyZ'>V\ eXތSq<%߿1LjBN{i5SrW:YH5S{7\%w:妩Z>5rѽ:B(Ǭ_95a]c^u+MnՉ5(x >kvCkkd7l2ɚ3Yk+e1#ӖR%Їk6jhT$}JjP4*w6YEiҘh\KFq7~H6STIF<֍7tX`~X;I`~07g+fۍ-SAJrrۍMUzYeޫ-ڣv_ ƿ/~bk)4֞`<F݃Msڙ i2$UKٻ`']Z:s rrûGlKǭ[jL鑣?-8= ~|MO.|h %Vo6GǸN4,(HpdGA=[u5tUYڝyE(>+˺ HyWϣ~%yԒ]ΌϵNx5{Q=O?:7jO;B&=6{M?EuqtY/-y+Msv8U>=?#װȴߢ>ZR3ƐGK-ȟ*' ˋ-q>ə 7}W#\eV [ڵ3O]GU[tkڷqDծ] ή=['i {SVtEGpվArǠch⪙^܎؞,>Hq볇z6,o /['x񼔎oਧtJ`h9vMϱ1r\J4R`frƙ*9N^9|)Ltb>|L}&8uHu=\8ٵ`shѵhNZ:p\Z:pɨ!P s;z-@޲*"``鈬E8\Z1&7(BCk"nj?r GG9uxk(\ sh5yz@-_xd]p6{Spnt3[ot\Wc?<$~/bsבt,^PI=y"sejn.f-D~W}('# o?KG\-ΰ9I>󮵲 qśѭ>uJtp/=Oq&4 >멫-n}J~ۋINX#Y|gIߞg̑u:_]ut?w{:zu$oVF2BwIIINN Wm: kf eeNs}]y<_."=9%m{ޢ4<<=-豹qNVw}ГBRZ:O'z;: +_hĝ_KG=!L=%4|ә6Gaڣ 򧧮nuhuQ䨃ntVzmjc{ѭƴnuHV#y>5z^5[~ -T2efeja{^vh$y ]m'  Wn^P.K3Ӻ_3jm83F5)ƫnUWϻU\șp3?zʙ0FYP_6]Ưdz|kǯ"8W3w/s|1?Skh=2e;#}cTExH֧}hYm%e>=6%N*#7ћC22<~eg겴q =u Lj|ӽO8Zi'cK`>] }BܽN߶#7N }j[Kߵ={NgIǛf_ɽEm)A9EkzyQڻ'ܨ<ݱmܿ{:nߺo>+k(۱b .mC;!eYSNĩk۠}gzn۱}6CSVu&ɱ\vh mҴ]4h+v>U.>yʹ閣KLڜEMhS*e.̳᱅Vm;J}ϱ} >&nq9?^mެȇփW3'KI$_!^0]mz]T5&Ȧ-c l|8Uq;|ߘ/sB"~qCJ,O |#wadL[vIQE:e܎}P40nxȧ\}w=!0|#wx/('S|=`=>7snp'gi7:3L.G׌ 3/tol| CПƨ\ ; a:6v\j!6Ie~^H~3)l:AXM# o`ϗm+:d|S#bj{苯J4|?_>~C<<ɷ[t6h@Vi=YivFSůXs E2&?ӦuCK|n۴E29{69mgԫ=PtY_2_O܀~#")fΨ)QOmq/Iu _C1J嬳0ƳWmݞsa.#jkbWW|jE|mv3_bmwE;=/m/q?h<ڗ,UI]?E!VsmÙrTz 1)*ˆ8WDC{+i}7 Hu/~C\$>|^r#\9sW!IGGpFGU[[@ u֣<~}>ur- {έm,mԫ$jecea_3Bj iW׼riAAk[1аvpP}6߆Gi*ˉ7 suҾu~ɫEօ(T+o wZJ\X;3vP=`2`%X yR}}Msqۗ˟dF>[mΪfwekq|* kGΤ"ȷvݫL(*ׯ7.02LT[3 {U)+ߔ@rp3-뗤r9:Pzu<Fnç,m8$6я)s.Oac[VhrL=ctxdHX_bfa{Py+1W{dfP;AQhO*_冼sD y6_7iVv-t0M9iu{LِϴM=s[QDz6I7 ;?l'GtqmIsnc;ec2Q*1~j RR_S}r)RܩHvwũk,#[+C-T߷mZdw3?T[Y`ghdZcik?9ʆsy3(]t3w4 0}(G\NG?.cx쓇c^]P,|]JE7w(mdbncF]u!@s]vEQ'շ]_m^u5 )]MpGЈIToX>O>훶ʸŽӶDg\4P#Ե#T"^[Sn;®bJϳ#t0}U#Yw}-֣%3k5 J_lG8-7L~5Ty^kdhʷK$e+7\/F BrKrrS+~o⿒[tZ;/wkbλ#ڥO程٤?+: |Ĝѽ+jL&9ήFo^E}A|9!|W..뛦ڳ}X}U=MjMO\˫PI7pGjd u/cxC>6%]{n XGCq~^p괢-ڰ.K5r؍ ~1|{ݤ4Gw{`g^ D+[緾m6`L5;Ȁ<Rrm++9/NO^3vhIrMhstR*>S~I'?**ZsJbmļ{8\7qiKދ,ݏCv GthA Dg"_6E>dQ^a^zC!h /Wxl~Lk/B'K5~hZdw,s~5c`'{|*з1o~Sfm|%׿["*09<9, ^-jsvOOIoNʜnVo!^/b9{O)9O.|l_aϴ*>Eڟz~} ǣ?.Pއ&{C{/#sg]~ɻJF?woYGGFGE\#_ỷ8Ko[7;Kږz>g?g?K͜%䌯/k ߽7׼rỷ,#ٿ?LҾ\|<;:NwI}L_$e΃z7eH_j<ϯwo"R\L[M[41gGX(^!q6|6o,֌Z+sܩx^8,R":y,63gŘ_jƯ–/ttMݵ ='O=[=Z;߃?w毝 Nډ>U{xﵼKǑ z{S_g䱟G_nNx,9;j{&{.|A5?Q5:UۿE:KybT]+wO7R"M~,O?WS|u65Fp-D|3vMh>HN_kɹ#6#!>$vC\~Z"1'>R"2)G{܉>_}^I܅PDkso#o6ٖІځj"L](h4tB߅rpQ<R>}4!P[@@>4y4ER;T4&W(otP_G>`_V8]piE`'9Ovԡ>P ?p\.,+Z;#Si»C 7q'hHǁqA]tha9! 0~ "fk'G6F's/fzC53tƽ3Ro:D Q":#kqҌYE/浩Fy/o{PՅVŲZk3k6Jf=_|p>^:˘rn_tŏH HFУ=@?Ǵ'ohȺ\m|ŘֿXnMțk{k#EwO?=Y<5|tx-ȯSwн8ejډ_:Y:[d-f竇sȯF:@3iY,/,zD(Л:<7m׼Ep.¯fκ/ϺWPFi_Ժ8L GmqUqHp6c7r' `Y*G{"ewҰSɅ-X;%|iNE&8yāG;,|$Wd'-J.{ `Tp#_{V)o՗Zg_9@sҰ`̎6$´M: I):`**[{ikFp'с5|7t`uW4S#A8#[Z!\@3hqyX_ubuX΍}Bl>I[#aGf68y ˒vn4e. ܬ}T6.(b|+q(^t ߑ䫩_  i# ס<Ѐ0#i?Lw!¦_(;y"FVZ#Y# 1K]YΏ `lE+5U1gȫDXZ")e7e|0p3sYdgP޲hZA7IBPХ2:L貗PRm`'>^'l̫`7%кx yP|A‘T3&/̝[2N4 OC9ڃ)O[soxW@OTp ك2U#iTƋ?{}u+$z!'GGl~tN-X˖<} /9uNl' NMN5fhuWt7vE].F~&c`0r&]X%kgϻ3ʉgq+ǝw?F(!i$xk8Jqk0|ig^8ڱ;ROb^ tEx%O5j{4xu <|GѸSDf%O?IQsTO_oZ6c]~nۜ?NПf{20>)/=Fa%rwyܥh"[g3^cg?Jؽ:>qv؁^9E ǡk kӦ_ٴ)Jp~ x/Tyg47C2se\ ~TDž!?؎{;*|\p8Gt S] .=V9 i4Z4hth3C4A#V#:Stv삦TP3W)QuN9K+|)~'E)mnO_vH9^ΥI.#_||q߶:7?0+U*?VZNqGt_Ny~`Fy;6Y~ԗP{g{]|r4i;G͊jh?82SG{K=榇%sKOKny7Ky9t*˶ LKoż<IzwjBy9B4-/H^13^]ZX6A^<.y2@tAF6Oˈm+\'o1e>yr)fW~`RM^{J CCƏUnAr{!3 JC?;$Oyp?ҏ!oX9tۖtq~}"+vʊiaK[++c8%m6ۏ7^ef8,|[GsR|5}S|60n;%|EsG5Wqy|5gQ(&j8۟&|E;;ZC}oyE"z 05Ef pc 7ef810y>+7a܈ōnE1]6nø[߰܂CξVh[FF?A6\ȰU ΝTxycg^ܴڴM|Pr+i(ҰO֝^e`=hln"ܿN0a-[yO*xq$)7Ge.?wlq|b˳y^΢yϝ|T™RM~l=%=Gy#;oϸ̴8jk zy˾~܁iP`ǿO!k9Fssd<Ûۍg?lKpiG𹇛cq}E{No1g 7ħ*K=\m~3Ϸ́ȑOaHrr>W0~iSe|X*ۚORhd׎_򦟏G6&d⍾v 7t=\ŬysyPUu~eP-֎vhWg̵ͬ;̯ALOi~SR8)>rkǟ=tlY'AIڵiY;7x9w^/׵!ᘵvkGEs֬o#v<2];a ׎c_;skWV{Nm.Em|oċp0/s^1K:^w8_Jb~x>kZ>ᘵv >@ܚv@ۑ];Kb!Uu2lrΡkybOc?s˵w r֎m_;fk3WȮdwdY8 `}py;7w@o mt>9dJ(s^y *VWo1\pl;4O̐!e;Tqw#u_Y qwZ60nܡ '^3,.K q_543 60n?NpxM/O's %pzgy||j8w'^G|5x1x%7Q6_ q'^%svepzN+wjYԀ(øq/|ExpFg|^~\Y0+7zY(7a܈ Ζn^p7Eqc7Op:T6nø/kݚ湸l q#^7Qpcop7p$|TUjU 2'w9Vw %˧]r)+SvyDG_ ŻS&+7Y*X0CO# ]BݙYJ9L׃|CD+͗YSޫNw=p LM[(̻z`~ /x^3/{EQ~sDi_4\OKJCh߶_pC6MpGŸpϑ㗱xſoLhncdN?\p`Fst>o12/v1GDW7tepsepoB+6Fpl!_KO7 60_|M/WlG6 a܇`nmWaܰ|M/WlG|5}8{(F|5 [t>|}Wa'I`M1j86Ɛ|Eq|^~\6Fp15M׌NnMfl q#^7tp;[>y .7a܈ōX?PٸF(n!vkq3ƍxQܘGyy>*7a܈-yQ~ YK4M[(S}d㭚 mSV6UT*X0ODŊ¶<j2pHo/_V;8pܾIZOףqA[A,Wf<Ιr.v}{Tpc nnl/k:xQbw>0[7 &F|5 ;gt>|Eg|B83/E˺#W\;pgA ЛGٸF(nv|p\6nø/'~סq3ƍxQXC7ef81(||T6nø[hz**v%s.V,aevN{v=8[))*tҀ>rA|y ;q5_e?G.`uD\m+.v, f{}/zC)c~s7=þڙwpw ^7kw-pmw3joHhnc>퍸 |q*ceCpw` q. n60߰|M/W{}G;BGEG7ttpsepؼBG+=pǾl{0ٟpsep7l^!_ċcwQ6_ q77Q6_ q5O(_;=pwepF{IB=˾nKmWaܰ|M/W{茗ʷɕi\\cЛ ܬ0nċng\6nø/'~סq3ƍxQXC7ef8a7Ql q#^BUjU{ %yc߻\Mq}z*Rԥw?,tÎ+O,yBk \P‘2p̽Q"6,ރ Mxm3{Ir,ܐklm3fw&p<4Wo8}A~?k4n~;e~7f?k#r6 vM/[ /P[Ҕ}ܗI}}3}8,z:(|5O(_o;Mpw` :== G7Q6_ /k:xQbw>ʶ>= 3pcnnl/k:xQbw>0ٿ7760nB+MpǾ lh:ID}ؗ(øa '^7(Wʷȕi\S'PMn?p7EqCw僛q3ƍxQX?ܼ0nċn&y..7a܈ &17Gef8z7Rۯb<\sY';=oROڸc4:Nͱe:G`Wyi\]Oÿ.؄ʼ<=ܰqÞ mztp<4~ůofb{aKzaW\%oHhnc| |+sPiq_ܗI}=/}8z)(|5O(_;|Ş}Wa&IȲPpsep7y!_ċ{θc O+Ӟ.Q uBpC&F|5. ]B})gw'M|_ >L_ 0^ 0^S=^ ev7ponj8{ps}v2_Tf gGf_e1|.n 7\Y0nkBM/*=uBaYp,{8d{!xZ |3}ʖYaس2'^Tfٟ;Spweˬ0ъ,SdVȬyeˬZ7ӧl5ƍh(|Ee7wQr̲Ff-[f  >eˬ0nBM/*7|t9Pvymk Txe<0Mh_Q\KE+GĨ"=sv:xwh*_*OV k0!.fja Z\9 ֨GMz&$ayq=}O;_ >΋.>͍wy|tӞ'zׅ3.Qq݋Vk;h4 ?!Q?sU؏-rVdWvjރwZ KgUި2-Cq7"0tI߮;v]WtlÙ-~tboCwQzWc.Mhߺ\lPu>W>ύ9ȋC'\y(`(hV)s)9H,,81 âèçíà÷åíèé ³íòåðâàë ÷àñó: çì³íó, äîáó, ì³ñÿöü ³ ò.ä. Âðàõîâóþ÷è öþ îáñòàâèíó, ââåäåìî êîåô³ö³ºíò ÿêîñò³ òåñò³â çà ÷àñîì ¿õ çä³éñíåííÿ:               , , , , , , 0 max max max max max t t npu t t t t t npu t t npu k j j j j j  (12) äå  – íàïåðåä çàäàíå ìàëå ÷èñëî; j t – ÷àñ çä³éñíåííÿ j-ãî òåñòó; max t – ìàêñèìàëüíèé ÷àñ, â³äâåäåíèé íà ä³àãíîñòóâàííÿ; j k – êîåô³ö³ºíò ÿêîñò³ çà ÷àñîì äëÿ j-ãî òåñòó. Êîìïëåêñíèé êðèòåð³é ÿêîñò³ j Q êîæíîãî òåñòó ìîæíà âèçíà÷èòè çà éîãî ë³íãâ³ñòè÷íèì òà ÷àñîâèì ïàðàìåòðàìè: j j j k d Q *  , (13) j d – â³ðîã³äí³ñòü ä³àãíîñòóâàííÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ j-ãî òåñòó. Ïîò³ì, âèõîäÿ÷è ç àêñ³îìàòè÷íèõ âèçíà÷åíü, ÿê³ íàâåäåí³ â [3], ìîæíà çä³éñíè- òè ðîçïîä³ë òåñò³â íà íåïåðñïåêòèâí³, ïåðñïåêòèâí³ òà îïòèìàëüí³ çà Ïàðåòî. Ç óïîðÿäêîâàíî¿ ïîñë³äîâíîñò³ íàñ ö³êàâëÿòü òåñòè, ÿê³ ìàþòü âèñîê³ çíà÷åííÿ êîìïëåêñíîãî êðèòåð³þ ÿêîñò³ òà â³äïîâ³äàþòü åêîíîì³÷íèì ìîæëèâîñòÿì âèðîá- íèöòâà:      k k t t max , (14) òóò      ,..., ,  k - íîìåðè òèõ òåñò³â, ÿê³ áóëè âêëþ÷åí³ ó åôåêòèâíó òåñòîâó ïîñë³äîâí³ñòü; k t – ÷àñ ðîáîòè k-ãî òåñòó. Êîìïëåêñíèé êðèòåð³é ÿêîñò³ áàæàíî îá÷èñëþâàòè çà äîïîìîãîþ (13), ÿêùî âïëèâ ÷àñîâèõ òà ë³íãâ³ñòè÷íèõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê äëÿ êîðèñòóâà÷à ð³âíîâàæíèé. Àëå êîëè á³ëüø âàæëèâèì º âèêîðèñòàííÿ íàéá³ëüøî¿ ê³ëüêîñò³ òåñò³â ó çàäàíèé ³íòåðâàë ÷àñó, ìîæíà çàì³ñòü (13) âèêîðèñòîâóâàòè ð³âíÿííÿ j j j k d Q   . (15) Äëÿ êîæíîãî ³-ãî âèäó â³äìîâ âèçíà÷àºìî â³ðîã³äí³ñòü éîãî âèÿâëåííÿ, ÿêó ìîæíà ñïðîãíîçóâàòè: i k i np d d max  , (16) äå      ,..., ,  k , 5 , 1  i . Ñåðåäíº çíà÷åííÿ â³ðîã³äíîñò³ âè- ÿâëåííÿ âñ³õ ðîçãëÿíóòèõ âèä³â â³äìîâ, ÿêó ìîæíà ñïðîãíîçóâàòè cp d , ìຠòàêèé âèãëÿä:    5 1 5 1 i i np cp d d . (17) Ìîæíà âèä³ëèòè ïåñèì³ñòè÷íèé òà îïòèì³ñòè÷íèé âèäè ïðîãíîçó. Ïå- ñèì³çì çàñíîâàíèé íà íåâïåâíåíîñò³ ó â³ðîã³äíîñò³ àïð³îðíèõ äàíèõ ³, çà çâè÷àé, ïðèòàìàííèé ñïåö³àë³ñòàì ç ìàëèì äîñâ³äîì. Îïòèì³ñòè âïåâíåí³, Значення лінгвістичної змінної Песимістичний прогноз Оптимістичний прогноз nec  nec d onm  onm d Низьке 0.95 0.11 0.5 0.18 Нижче середнього 0.95 0.23 0.5 0.36 Середнє 0.5 0.31 0.5 0.69 Вище середнього 0.5 0.64 0.95 0.78 Вище 0.5 0.82 0.95 0.89 Òàáëèöÿ 2 ³ðîã³äí³ñòü ä³àãíîñòóâàííÿ äëÿ ð³çíèõ âèä³â ïðîãíîçó 'x{pƟod)&$KpSij*&DޠqlAu:0Z4@"0P`ѱ (BQR%U[u j3ﹼ罝Y䌒j'DNqjP;__RUIX uHK)Z489{EsMĆ`v!6mcS"MUΚ"f\'qɯȡNR [+r/*S*/㕣&Guf<ȱ̧#?@.K?wN'&BEt;1q8xg9vl1ۙQ<Ƕ+fmM O0z9.-XӔpn7}{'YLO=\4$yGD5ݵk1M$xl=ؠ!:jt#1>fSF/+WiD F+u/6FG3M/=j2~4!hS'8S\)}M괔as>N'2<6(`s-l쥧WբFGVlm{qzϵcM^Goc|mV~><Ҧ"ck ׫ wE?)WGU3z&섛6 zU?(j8Cb=Yh WD[ aBnd~(6GT 7>67Wz^NNӳM[;6݌b~w?'tT }m{0>o@11}fnV>vj{"I0H̔)iUJJy_Ri~Ľ42>hqڅM{w@Ͻcں/bmlYX{64^a애eY{ia%M9Z2jl$Nk/["؅[v:6Hg}~<_֎m}9cZa/;w{MtBbnK`wʎZ3fu|Zwbzr-+6y/!fྛ`֦EܟCI|$ꔼ {ۉ {և{ǹu]ʖ^u7Gԉc"ğV [˭>Yg˧W-x? r|||Ԁ1zှOO$ t} "s |||'˸Ow@ U5N,/#@.-迋i#ymT` ٣=S7?uS3?5 F'RDdJv>,lfmPN\'q@肯v|zrXN7뜞y4*$52a'78ri' (rum173600 kVn@^n NvE:B !G@GxW-D@wy0239A^hJbr$s>]C?O~/(P?'HM`E#"@ /w:QqԱLbu<) ȡ@Ayy L31n"cDbxeQ%tqK >@5!7ak@XCg}M,8woX 逧JweN#A5?#g)ONHyؾS}W>SS8;aPԾGx٭-1 [ޚ|uX_-'@-uKF|:}[7`Ӊ[o]N=yl~ 24Ŋx;1pLAL>BSl| B拈r{at9joD~ ~l^]%R G4RzPnݩШu˵TH5///<'d_j23~@nf{iq9B^&ol3϶uꤹ^Z|\oQhvYZR,KXg g+إf+Tzq[& W\3C +ۡWe Sެp Cj)_)yB\l:7* Y& _?b2uGEN >bq#O;7imˮ+ =^:ͷC-p:4*M|M QpK]H)oS|9 9. Gb7 UBeƬ(5lp<'>/>"3Km]TWmG-=8vκd EjVO)zwSg*r(U۝/|)ʫt]?~4=S0t`2K-zk$M4o~ X,84*6ye<֚Io^r!SQ 7'Oqbͷ͏(o>Mb|87ѷ*WfI拳iW%ߤlu*{%?8*`H]RT~HAů8>$)MÂS%GuP4<̍_U@Fb eA:CVny.p_4uh:sn u^_m!ʓMelN?[`cd?6*`qWvglvHAҠ,W' ֨Ӱbw~CEiXA hCAVTuS\xb71zA=Q[Fv.3&iy+Ppx42kAPnyڔ{ _+L,C_ݣ~J;.`bv6'mpa<tSf6U꒦ yrpM.p>8?>V{dz*kn\0㬋]&l=44Tbްoya {JP J#3z!Z^Mfb8Z_p I '*7yJ:6Y {Jk=)gwȃ/_o.пJ^MMַ)ܦ^j~(F]*>)-d3!AKt߭qr>2$*:|ЯiTʸ1ufΜWU5V233i9܏fe_~ʵ,<~PcWTo<^IWxF.` B4?ρǞz EmfYZ'maӿSw$=EAҜFw8.P>zH V|AVج1gTʌ7dF&nuoN{.)2Պ-u._eǎ~2"D^l|G}nޣO5gmwwh{K⋱c6~[+ziu8 N(=FвHm`E=SfxpZ}r+7 m6z~pqVe {B⬎k]uNJXK ƆdO{@dz;/jD%'?|߭/lpa>f+b~d:cO䡇B |ڱ6)-ʠCzaS@}'>t `XҔ[?̓9~pϩA5cRXsEO<>ה}+Ǎy'!;匍f6n0Cl:4[PI|`g kW8XR~'N콺0X,н7e˃ /s ~9x/>Ceouj_+[1tfs-/o(>0˛G#/-09%>Om'vGz~yFG%CN]OaWi5fh?/&svݘ~1z nԦж`x03Wc5|lWGCGʠ YL/'*\/Z X+9Tf{V1``hѧڣ{Kuƥ'UM^r@Qno"NvVhi=!p#iA7(+T%Vݛܘ Ǥk61MV;?n}ZsЗ%)6h4ut(@DypE'sc qXv/ 'v7K|Awh=r,]ʠ{}Ϩ^_\b;[Hb6.JSò>+]86Pm 9;'*p3Т 8Q8:IC Vf/VFxC9egJxY_5JvmQ\>h]1ѳ‹koA> ̍t)n;:֞;8y7F1kﱑXO2>;⽍tj6_[v2b7ѫퟀu/'0~X:kFjMODrm`V5 ?zRdΓ䇷)VG`S*"ؒO|F5IF+V8?]#_Tv_+萱pKu)džF}K=Y}0RfxXEu 0ڔEx7Uvd`ƃYU >SRݷ8oF}JK6ݗoϺ67l˪ZA,țѭقi f }eԇ.ij0Y2j{t=XQ_bϭ5;f=RݫV={Tv~5ڬ<z{Xٟ"+vPB؛'VgQyvb#ٔtԶ]}̞ǰ<8VC4 шٚzƋZח)zK@=UC5(g\Vpow5xjεʫ—e#N鷭%7屭_!bM3 i5- Ȍ^9rCrSh4lL4=Rl / :rZͶ f_bfG+3BzC>oQٰp@}` gVٹ̪u9?dfV\Ӟ$O|؍gQЏ9G'fCM)7zQ}ilI}tM(Jui)C?N7Z^/nL!~t}`GNa?z7fF2|pA ̾`>ϩeV AdD,} Yx /8]c03L ^9_lJ@=`GR߹ kZ3PE8,TYηַ~h7:aoEfbb|U|RQ0l E׍h֯X}bi͵}M^;:33pNVku[^6x)To|F= 7ԣ{ݣ^N@@Q"o xt~G96?WCΗc5n.qk!v={;WY8H1_<+|2S@?Pc%jv F;q2wvCa =]2*< Wd4w:C/ 'ms=ueD6dRC4!cN(+cru6V" ?ohxKXN2c/>x:JcǭT2>/4x#zu+5Q_q~Ey5'Mjv ~=k{vt=SzhBlu/1u t_0t *Y(h3N]*k$ ڦ? :o_^T -:4M`!' "7r!݂zr2z1v:,zȀᅘ~꘭v =S?*#a֐q}2̯eCf ɣ&:Ox2m^1eDa2Уciڤt:-fFW z/9$+V<7qTV҆C=d4>_}D-o:Y]C'+~q:o]ftg ­7 <ʾm|Ct중 Y MVNlx֯c:4ѠXB/`+ݟ=?}9Y)LXWXo6?L0/uezrb[}hc5t+Xp|>y}ۚa~3gc6GfGGE&o<2_?WzJ{CV'[ p7_nJ෸8£lja|5:f8zxnkhQpӨ:!{8_We_14qpi'xŸ黤y悽GN[ o (æ4z%Ȍ)X3xJ쉌cxk~xi1o} e~/0pÃ6:'O6XA75tuRm7w')[Gu^&dW@V`pb#g5BCS hx?6}'Ͼ`||v62_tW~9&mWɇ\&уlnA:(./)qaXF" )19e\Ka?}孮z_$}E931ZiOK2Us]JcP_{v_k&U2fwޒs|Avu֒!.bSI+fm\[_鵎VZx_Rű sĀ&xEeOqڔoYTw$G;u\m<k)?FtA_QM 7 P =)?.Cv Ήb0[rO%VO136\#YG֚ ʉx&玤HpCgnd'_9Gk,u7w$Z~(;p*d|N2:}V2c9Rzx;袥uDdtw<3ŹPgi"{;xAy;(qhڙ\ȗSoZ+̍&]呂khq;4\*ɹYu0YQ!œ*T[i'F_hǩJZצ<k=}m>vucXxe} Kzs!-g!ercqogDIMJ_[Lnk:~Zh%<2Svΐhvٶu5ze2M@W[Qb%Zڕ덖1khپ\;Z/M\5GssmszZ'~7. ?|5TQEP_xu_A%Xi;9f紡izE9 ٦h\ɫ7s36.]Qqs;CZG퀖͵ӯetvIVes2D7N Zعh%-,OVvqVh Vi_h̵%*ɹ64lɹYMz?sGT|43kIF:n}"{.cٽ?9֪ڵ_.P]y* :;&oՋůSzN,퇶L*[%U*d 9Z7-Zɗ!hJ6͵wC53cM,z,gzhuE$wu$&v]t6|J}V,I C\{4&՝%ZVol_hV6Z εbt_EsÎhcZ%" +տi*_%U+$B]]݇<_bZ'O案&~YP8%u2 < ͵Brt ,yw˿tYnJ ϵKo>GV>fۘ1!~%IɏKo] p͹6SDC{&w8,<6ңIɨ6fK=gf뫻5~{gjٮ3d'Ui=QG+w!f+]aw)1^Zoބ;=Ÿ֕~SP_O>_׷+.x\1rŤ4 i'iԗi HsP9[p bߧߧZyUY/]9#YsK۵힎Um[\񷟽.CtKy;I +}e;r`}*sh#:`\;.KwfQׯl~PԽZ1J+i<՞V"<7?wT 7~cҬhh)I97伇@ KkZsؚ\;|ngevtG#s@2zg6wbdt/NO#9G.v7^k}Y ݟZض >j 3Ap S*+&ĺ -dXk3=nO+s%ZwmpZ;ciQ,jm\@$"%-o#gts98fJT͵^'~s}x'iO}U:q':Ѵ8z_!‚)]aSŽWz`)aW5+\IO|z)Dkvz z[ם?퍫_(Yw?ձwIz_X7̿knuW Lz!p|]8g ?6Οhi {/vٻ?YΘp ճ}{>my?v {w\5'1}rJ߽UAkyVjEH*P]=gzj㫗֑\6BٻW ΚY;f2ws"i1 s7ԫSM2F# \k(}e>`p06ud\`](P~BKVl߈oTƃmi<,LZ߷nzoH2 T"}/dYY}/`axwPfr{EsoT97P[e=8J_ӂ`C9soWAYྑ=OCkӡClt\+\gN+TQi|/5lp<'>/s\|Lإ7DVGEr Rm )AgȇN Mч}K{`7(D/dzPg])8_{F_pA~m/ r_܂~| $okI^WRe1O޾aĔA|gߪ28rE 5 RE;R[6J6mJOJmř" ]P?S#q_WM`iƢ!]E2 JZPC PɁ* uک-q췡Vi] D*_otf\6~PPԣַ<<&}6oCq{5J_oC,mW/6ԇI߆𙯻z\G~'36!}j߻߼J.d ]rn5EmP_ %[]6ӀxEltOv!Шw4qMgYrMm5q[-sS`v_8a +6er[.P!):y#d[$DƷ)mM8q6հתa%Z6*tIWXpcYMjHWmXHWzfWp|q>nZ`J-pc˂[X!n81by:)}#7^4d]v8Y7V^?NXc}0X?y+N%~[ݶbJ9Vސz>Y]\7־n>XOމJj]?XWϾt/o16Ƹ-\Z6wOk`oqwb|#Vޱ-cYc˛^h-ncֳpٟ?6{>UvA;mwA)۔WKbquuvt9:@7TnKn" GpF+ꪩv銴[Oޒ_kxy#c] n|qckh>݌~-Z7V^+_ōw4NF)4'o4N֑7Y'cpc-tXyU?ǟn[,c1j%sgN6MɛpF(n+ۭk_~NU 2oWo`t9y;9y%-JArP}7^(>L d[b华«哱FXyni=c}z8VItEƜXyUn[RJDڍvۢHa:[FGS=6l{;&|yURvٵ[nD^,yydҧ wRwӵeWJAUNϽ蹘u^+;\cq e;؟xlVWzھL*l+샒˕jI;p^h&Nq_Ia~p#}PO욈/$EڻH; ]S{MuwF^=XwZDy^Rz z pޯ )kj$;=OwM-5^55ojƽD55GwM=xzpx1"{=&A3hp]]SG>dbnl`mV䲎|`]S;6acjTWSz{pJ A{~c) -64eW O`x`wE>*:[Q,,B82 ùî äàíèì òåñòàì âëàñòèâ³ íàéêðàù³ ä³àãíîñòè÷í³ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè. Çíà÷åííÿ â³ðîã³äíîñò³ ä³àãíîñòóâàííÿ, ÿêó ìîæíà ñïðîãíîçóâàòè, íàâåäåí³ â òàáë. 2. ßê áà÷èìî ç òàáë. 2, â³ðîã³äí³ñòü ä³àãíîñòóâàííÿ â³äìîâ ì³êðîñõåì ïàì ’ ÿò³, ÿêó ìîæíà ñïðîãíîçóâàòè äëÿ îêðåìîãî ðîçãëÿíóòîãî òåñòó, ìîæå çì³íþâàòèñü ó ìåæàõ [0,11- 0,89], ùî â³äïîâ³äຠïðàêòè÷íî âñüîìó ä³àïàçîíó çì³ííî¿, ÿêà íàìè äîñë³äæóºòüñÿ. 3. Îïèñ ïðîãðàìíî¿ ðåàë³çàö³¿ ñèñòåìè Äëÿ ïðàêòè÷íîãî çàñòîñóâàííÿ äàíîãî ìåòîäó áóëà ñòâîðåíà ñèñòåìà ïðîãíîçó- âàííÿ éìîâ³ðíîñò³ âèÿâëåííÿ â³äìîâ ì³êðîñõåì ïàì ’ ÿò³ ïðè íå÷³òêèõ àïð³îðíèõ äàíèõ, ÿêà ðåàë³çîâàíà íà ìîâ³ ïðîãðàìóâàííÿ “ Delphi 5.0 ” . Öÿ ñèñòåìà ïðèçíà÷åíà äëÿ âèêîðèñòàííÿ ìåíåäæåðîì âèðîáíè÷î-òåõí³÷íîãî â³ää³ëó ô³ðìè, ùî âèãîòîâëÿº ìîäóë³ íàï³âïðîâ³äíèêîâî¿ ïàì ’ ÿò³. Ìåòîþ ðîçðîáêè º çá³ëüøåííÿ ïðîäóêòèâíîñò³ ïðàö³ ìåíåäæåðà ïðè ï³äáîð³ åôåêòèâíî¿ ïîñë³äîâ- íîñò³ òåñò³â äëÿ çìåíøåííÿ ÷àñó òåñòóâàííÿ ³ çàïîá³ãàííÿ íàäëèøêîâîìó òåñòó- âàííþ. Ãîëîâíå ìåíþ ïðîãðàìè expert.exe âåðñ³¿ 1.55 ìຠòàê³ ïóíêòè: 1) “ Ôàéë ” , â ÿêîìó çíàõîäèòüñÿ ï³äïóíêò “ Âèõ³ä “ äëÿ âèõîäó ç ïðîãðàìè; 2) “ Ïðîãíîç “ , öå ãîëîâíèé ïóíêò ïðîãðàìè, â íüîìó ïðîâîäèòüñÿ ïðîãíîç äëÿ ïðèéíÿòòÿ ð³øåíü ïðè ä³àãíîñòóâàíí³ íàï³âïðîâ³äíèêîâî¿ ïàì ’ ÿò³; 3) “ Ðåäàãóâàííÿ áàç ” - äëÿ çì³íè âëàñòèâîñòåé òåñò³â; 4) “ Äîïîâíåííÿ ” , â ÿêîìó äîáàâëÿþòüñÿ íîâ³ òåñòè òà â³äìîâè. ϳñëÿ çàïóñêó ïóíêòó 2 ç ’ ÿâëÿºòüñÿ ôîðìà, â ÿê³é íåîáõ³äíî âêàçàòè: – ïàðàìåòðè ì³êðîñõåìè, ÿêà áóäå ä³àãíîñòóâàòèñü; – îá ’ ºì ì³êðîñõåìè; – ÷àñ äîñòóïó; – ³ìîâ³ðí³ñòü âèíèêíåííÿ êîæíî¿ â³äìîâè, ïî çàìîâ÷àííþ âîíè ìàþòü ð³âíîì³- ðíèé ðîçïîä³ë; – ãðàíè÷íèé ÷àñ, ÿêèé ìè ìîæåìî âèä³ëèòè íà ä³àãíîñòóâàííÿ. ϳñëÿ íàòèñêàííÿ êíîï- êè ÎÊ áóäå ïðîâåäåíèé ïðîãíîç òà ç ’ ÿâèòüñÿ â³êíî (ðèñ. 3), â ÿêîìó áóäóòü òå- ñòè â³äñîðòîâàí³ çà çìåí- øåííÿì åôåêòèâíîñò³ ä³àã- íîñòóâàííÿ.  ðÿäêàõ òàáëèö³ âêà- çóþòüñÿ: íîìåð òåñòó, éîãî íàçâà, åôåêòèâí³ñòü òåñòó çà âèäàìè â³äìîâ, çíà÷åí- íÿ éîãî êîìïëåêñíîãî êðè- òåð³þ òà ÷àñ ä³àãíîñòóâàííÿ öèì òåñ- òîì.  îñòàííüîìó ðÿäêó ì³ñòèòüñÿ ³íôîðìàö³ÿ ïðî åôåêòèâí³ñòü äîá³ðêè òåñò³â ïî êîæíîìó âèäó â³äìîâ, à òà- êîæ ñóìàðíà åôåêòèâí³ñòü äîá³ðêè òåñò³â ïî âñ³õ â³äìîâàõ.  íèæíüîìó êóò³ â³êíà çíàõîäèòüñÿ êíîïêà “ Àíàë³ç ” , ïðè íàòèñêàíí³ íà íå¿ ç ’ ÿ- âèòüñÿ íîâå â³êíî (ðèñ. 4), â ÿêîìó áóäå çä³éñíåíèé àíàë³ç ïîñë³äîâíîñò³ òåñò³â. Ðèñ. 3. Ðîçïîä³ë òåñò³â çà ¿õ åôåêòèâí³ñòþ Ðèñ 4. Ðåçóëüòàòè ïðîãíîçóâàííÿ  xhe?~%nnJ[ .#P\8sNi~9J ],PgE8Ǵe.,7XP7I?r]=m'߃ޟ|4seH3h!gBCCkX"XȖhlLUMWh.g5{u͘'ۙCY9Q *q Ԛ B^AHŸ5V-27m2{g26`$e25Ppx Lx҆õqUV݉,ظksєOէ=Y _U3jDgo-'?]w)ZvU)-Qy*ٰA5<^gPWh]ʚ FE^ +,1[Y#W[Xo &2z|8}>@. }5Iߏt粿\Ğ{j~ʓ~]g2~#0{-19Zv&u{j]^;U}Ğgx~+{JX*ۑ zm?vGi1wl)3^>gp)q-R)SI!='Aϗ'ޞA ~땿kѐk{1{= W>coPaXߓɠdvkK|Z{*lsM%kYy2nμəoT[3z~SgOTHQ}uۚ׻~ud~[6Ι~kwڦykS*?q-O̟ʗ,amu?YlqVdMǝ;w p'NO_ǝ;w &?/\Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:51  $ 6;$$(16:2;/H$$1ml5pw{ix͝ u*XQh.ᣂMStj$kd2C[m&ִآRBkltSmv&6Δvl3Z&F4$4GD']`X*}}0uýsϽ{) ê\1c+b<69t\ٳ$'89#Sԇؤ$6)b{Wyl|96zxn\*\Ul. ae P a`0[.SkÆPazÛjOf`ئ^[@蓤 ':߾)Tm@AI,=K_ N?uJN M<,1謹X[Ro^}<s-8$+{iwh WUw仕;}7yPܐ8ވ5zNI v'74-aGJF?kA?uncm|؛w;~>籑 E4VtZ+国VZZ#P\ݺnl[i9P:5Vs&>vM[Uz-i[d<7)>E]o(.sX9g)g?v)_6@h)hPc`1#ϻ@Ն}@iUah/I7NyX ~~[Tg-ҟ|>XX̽] hDǩv5{@c:5 1~h[6Ek~MaS+m: ,SWd ]\<kuyH)Wn &|<V%:1|G ])mk쏝_iKk[6}pGpE!F$-D3BM'vb]j_tcnaζ1f&Sn?;wڮc7m(6niF>:/4e{lGαɪ{l>Xϒ8˒OGR)gɵhfu 8 Ԕ1+oˏ[6D8USM=$jl"Gitrs涇( xlg#uJclpا\FfY"6;_t@='K:1.YkЏц & ;[FpoUlk"}Gu?]u>FO䌔9;(;[O'Ǵyi(l3%~+5/t N,Jɶ4cGM#>E7|}Ǥμ) X/p,a.1lY,ܥU{Dӳ#~PmQtj/o!psЫ!GE87 }c0z_z-Lc΂Hجzzb `ri綄64uie2c9nٗ?mx9cjw~nw}ib?*\MU~[4ާ5ɩ BZxȏ)sQ'Wɫ'1G{sigj/}}9Wߗ CD3꽼C]5fTg~tzʃݡ>r@|O@i9OX>GzD}C{kr¬Q'xOIg{Ucо(>+E{F<ss=> ;I܁uXk,חZj]ɾYʧVs6$eđ9SZ-yi+k5ֵnkdkۀ8C*`54:);p^str<Če8O0xP=(籨Cc./m,6x⡦Xd% p5q mh*.qroߝq!oQm8)kn<}9|-!cY Ǿ nseY/v1E|LPb<񤝸7>qQ<%:5>tZkc.nPqߩ7JHF-N `9 ȱ ^ۗ>9th;/SOc  |Y[oش+G. ~ xX":xt6Np;'&rO%lV_zྸtVW867[~Ou6m>(wƥθА>3?r'A{x{OݿWHr{怓{pۓnY&Tҭw@~7rNz{.Czs }~zmm{#6¶@wyn[izExg`b!c<ı>_g{>b{|ahpoUlEc_" VhS..p0ZlD6oRf>@/O1'*O< mII_͛'e]G<-n5E޲1oЈ_T Gpڿ-xj"6I8Ϥg`Vso8_Nv|SgLDͧ\rEK]m?m-͟ks< y@ج#CwlYznCu|΅u/|״;A32!sdI'O[Gnv`n[AK~w_)...?{يEtdsFkt≿9[!>w,Ow[%e΂Mv?Bl6o((g @>xlo{L'=dMG~#J[*@=f WGDc/"s-0_2 GC=w~c?:g_1l\~c|!sj/X_I]#㶧;tCWYMo;Q|Li9]? .~#_>SrOYu' Fgo|ߡN͋w|~wESoOi9~*9ÂEmw(*;U~ޭvx [n N?黯1;N(moy۝*Sk(-'M~ _8r-S_F([HOUW1Q |5PO-%ryˮx⪇ |u^N$߃cg{GZb k?< ]:QRԴs};BacgjǃxYU6C4ӥ}=}ƹkfu[٦-`f{ y&%_*؏6}n[OkU;gز}W5jT6'q]zc(L5L/ɹ(. MC? XgxiƠNb+ic[d(]5Vp̩VDm1"f3ya1m3+sg)t(iw rB^ zJ64˙V#&¦ x_ylh=GU6]%B_̂/7kTY>1I> a+H5znkشK/; {/>nex ˥}1?RQ O)?)oWWDKKo[IW~lGy~Hd>R֍NB_'_ 43\u3'RgAncgJ|,2ӶL־`nS"qr^rm*GYeCȬ"ўkͱRXa<`ºP2Ou쀝Я&@WlM / Ƚ儿RfS\.r,i;?X$҈ǂ}[U Kyy3нnmѯGAY7hvt[-3Ryw:Kwd;Nu6IIԑs!Ԛѯ[ _Rb~vje҇{lм/4֙ɅVds'ֵ7_|G TS=*\|N T 830.=َdV5V¿ 1]/չQ;W~o[a60NP7Ͼ6KeOCɘ4)U gc\˲7FG~ï_WƯ2^ g?N%?'`yu luj6τ#tY$LZgֹ9u zFcÚ+s9Cc՜׈FܧSkWm4Aʹ83rbZǥo7yS :z '^G:y74dʗey>)9tA/g ŤfS;* Y(:ٙ}tF?/yxkګy/~czK¿!GK#́͛#qN([yrKc[6N 4% }~R>ȡ~G-GXݏq#tyxl1_$ re!TB[7mWLogv?_kug꯴/sN)zQ֕;)zoq7޷r /As^ȱ =s?4| ͱ(8p!0B=m x@vОаc#!{OeACxUhhχ:|큧EG m=76a oiuk݂㏗D딆'kh?A8]Ͽ 5f&˜IƆS;y_A?goㆢ 6>\)[^7#,gGw >>Q%psX"wM"]ubB<#vƳ O>Kk1Lz\XZ qK wth֋s?ozAC~W_.t" 'a6݈[Y0=)Q` WhSgP&5kcSdA7綧QdbsX_hahD 6ר~{!.r[7~wog:O_f.e< ~Me)nfղ+Ope>CxJL=k~{N^~~o7K7>cN:/q5ؤjO@|Ǝ9wݡ _ wC.1X h%bקȟ g)g>enQYd>puM)EdTep>깾{^]XST-_\R<QF͜ߟ!︀+8vxǏB5 ;Lʗ+D:oLY7^ k}Б8FvO*5޼6?|^5ebŽJvp|#Gd[?͑[-O;55Ύ%tSǷ}3ey` XUjWA9[⫊Ej${^̃zW^ uu{I24߁vZ{pa}hk rSi;qo7Bx|m?c2 ѩ&p?~jc|ex͚H&а7D5G_菾֕6CC_x 2IW6?|C_ I aE%ATٮ./v3;' m+6Mæ ɜOOȡeY.9>FLxױὒ 6k˅;^Ipݺ5߫;O } HN=mQ&&GLж9k5 kƤ?r೎?4n/X' |]ʵ-IG̴LHBɣ5Gf1|/㏕,97%_Eoum9|fUǘ}sC;?:0b$>HBBڌB%s^D IV I7ѩ8<#~ˣdRU= ףb%:klt3aM79PG!U<ώچC3Н丟MԺ=߂)GgѭP<#vYpU҂;®>$UÓ$+#ϓz({WDƛkbր?]d tf|YOUi5E=؏b`5s3CaqGȑ $EF}V&Ufby60_IWXC]w* yք*BA}3o 8|:&uxɝra&qtsq]|>&iI=W(c}[߯o됇}JC!A:txJT.w z6uC?,j(Bih:|PahZCgF̤ϩJ>> Xėrt9쇟8t@1xHY qKaM~.瞚M`2N@e:ź NkB{1>O[:;<y\B `|$Ne| 5ob]k_cֆh15Z3yͷk#h6oq=\ў5{5p-VߍTd}ьuc|oVt^ oϯz)g9Wkq5D1="o?es:tN8p:t`lN8p:tځ.Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:51  *]< !]"](16&w2\w/Z0]1q{xݝ ^UyL&$ ːIbI@"[z$ Ax 6V[cOkb-"jv$D r[(of};{eBF{>Xy~ߵֻ^{4|)UZ>*²Bx9E%Y{𸮏s[¬pE(\ HxiŮZ_6@Ѱ5ן5c^VoE |uqTQٙ}~caJ >EiJZVi|zJ PtXahVrQ\H Rٲgf 4]°}cޟ\-Ll~Px. sQahX?la-' [=C&"zyӒ:|\>`4gIħ{0B~:n 4&}[7 'g2\xp}ZoBƧN@5^}E<~O!QALA$xsN:A'Ap5C%+YBN SX!^b)UM?b+ #_%@e*K՜RmP%;,Mıy`˖$86_y5͕f46זO:Q؜.٩M ,Mm_ű(>uJ!l{,br,1D^ՉOLQ^k拰O;Mc)'|ߡ_+3ց9Ts ڭB+\ٜ'Hc4& 09-**UPa|@lt)ȥO 84|eD|/ә';.Bw'n aT5qם5Hv֧{AurCC{/܏?(miY)6m4)ۤ6*xZz~˝Ĉڑ;|U*sm ,FKpl<<ݛ>yiK yIS{#M=.|< O<)CGey$7b1<}RqbyGP01mp'mYme [Fm;T{[a"gk6𦮹Z6lRk@ٚbr*n׵Inq^gᥤm^r5gLRTTӎy34ORǚ5xx:4i\,-floJ=ħ'|JN8Jն̧ϊA6^ع倊|Vn1]jrrz3w==\wV#cbaZ9/jzUM¼^#v=NE#.Ա?8JEA[6O?O 8Ljp=.tuesB/}#C`f =^ݬ^3T]v_x٧@&QG?G65mn Ėi5%j ᯄ`ә 㼱L=(;n䍊p*ؗgǶqmpK АA?gS:}Ɵ9OT2WVn[fVYLLNs+m%]Ö;\=cۂN />1nGgYLG*v4Z&(Tu)]np3T9wOQ|#YYUjڞu}Y5a}Fxw]iMKxbkp;pkpKrmyG?z'xg>u[ſߏh -ӢcJ3t]Tʲsb\oo3$ ܎|ຢsv̵yR} ul>\S+f?nyr.Ob9\)s =Cj_o:zE~#g^_5=%*,: (3{~~+*wb+-6`nV?I;|I2o_r]?h(@xY?nȄlN:>_. e_#wBW;5O&1 'mcY ?U7 /OWqv]qD&(k2cr\^\!zSl+ې}mD[v5q;M-G[x6hO1_ X7,'8>8y\8rMQuY@z{ڻs;t`뇌=dҀܜjNQ۲|Rv ýy!ܷkpmgu:HVu“7+ӻC-Fg4UQvwM~\hn^QqO<28ߖ,l>p{pU2vV.=/iIseG$$~Rp/OIw%DSnk;a#h3LlOwx}nǵqHRG^,c7kmK bߟ9~NA Lcj[ ̻=s{ VvٕW4'T({mWGfxr16OxMxDžϹu <.2Ǥ uyn_6nk?m\_:5COgNv?zqzSzUT׾m.ml?p?6Ó#oH\Pw1_x.qMqXQ0Ͻ̿reqpd`v@t`2{J)\1Sn#(ς7zN4^9'DI>϶G8O[z>uor_xiǽ=4G?|kXnc}9'ñO$nU6s,,/-ӛɬORZMe$!<%=S 4dӶT6޳x[7rKC;\tY_C*\ǒ)Ov}z#>Өǵk홞e5˚E[oz϶NcǮۅk8Rc_BsA8 >ˇ'm=*x˜\Vy@$qQN- -Gm#7oG{ >\۞ 5˼cZ{t֦Cм:mk(gyAwMjWYVI2ϳ3Wėyg2_) Gr^/$OuOJu?O4VdV]1ЦRf{cޡ~u+nF3E1@;NɂLZ 4dڝX#;VOh(ՓzLo- dY5"kwxZ>z6%n#{% qA\3<Ǿ'٠5o~^Im xBkg엉 f:8yg _|}]efy󙏽YdEL^ԇLXzcz{H,!mg슿(m_hO=<-$ړ}Z{|b'H҈TWd5+N^V緯I+o1~kױo?6itg@~=ӆM3Yhg>2ӹnKLryS.Ԥgw&.w;>I!V~ajSowwO;sJN~p  g֎QQ3W-xs méVCh>ߎԦT2߀ X7]Fy*OO^AN sS#Q*L[}kPxpe9yxLR%f.`^h裥T6c`W|_|>'>.L^ 3\o:L")`^h耟zKRU%1E}k{g^8a+\%(P'ОNjɝT OTT.{ q=f6@Õ5I㓕]îy\{ҕg DZd?iHۂ羙6^ܞmhh,ǂ/3>3 siu@<|IEx.7 mhryx CC~di,"8i|*.Z#:'6;UЁ:LEgE;.Th^\씓ȹOyW촔Y>9*\bO,MkǾkpb6<܋cPǧ1FZFMzꪪMφ;^/$vƏؓ+<b?wL52Ǣ-|b|>1t|IS{K9` U˄(\5w7g"o}g9%'C-ɉ*ޮ?9mݬG|bm~䈌F ~5@헲|<[!rN|~N05j_fGEN^#3fAg@e%׎9*@6* lm/m=lӎB wEVrO)L%-`ȥo=}_.}"fٍ֮mUrQ!烆<:} 6ǃ\OJYsCfmτ.Aͪ-umma[⩌{Kw j~JHܤ)!Lɋi't?Za#s6qNN4p ~xxDF ז1/|ﳝj&{p3T%dfZjM; !J 4`?X{V/}Nlmml5058ڂO)xMslڑw'Mg<|w,X^Moҟ:<}GbLpծ,ƷfTgdq^rUNoXV WsplnC*_4C7v.@kJNXz3>-A ub˾inXDXdG0,ab׺B?tN_@$'+ t0ÕaxRR)GWCě}kc@CkTyZ<`^~h_7U_'CCzsxqN G'73;2H,T:4MȄlw6 _br'eU5&K {* q5m\b~@G;^k3*#rx^Y~h9ִٯbS 4~[4R{S}s}6-V$9^Ҙ/'}2\ ]Dܝ#⁾ }ծ7p݂y5T/zt`uشLDݷOr8>7 rqt G 8?>hc_R6{uN%Kq/%*|C2!#1E9PNދSgG;zK >:mh=>~@x:} O_Uz+}ӳ 廵gb+JϯXfƈel54 uqE0ge5|hk})q֮;+AN|sD;M>Gt[<&5,}s|wg<) YYֈ'{{=haOʉ Q xBD/ͅY/3g#^++&oh+PɆYޗ!Y)u.GhiޛQ%Z֪L~-ZV?OO,]7: ;ro~ g2ԑϺxxyv{qlpp/^/'ƒO-~*&_njv-|)f MUTn'SW?9'\K}gK_7-=Ev]_kt Il~^-ZU߱chk;:Zw'm筿R+)>{قP`E̯zW}fPjߥTnԾhWobsTfeDٺ̬#~Zf;?Ig:l/_Yr{;n&Pdk{eZ:[OԷy,s3;I}o j]*=wFG?0L&oW?4:di؛=㧚/K|Du9kHh}KӗfhUxerˉ-S[No9化c[*CrhUƨ xy7N|&~ ;wvi8ulp #qpt1Z],?!~zsE;Ir)-4?"7~B} E:|b=:ZU[k~E]+xN9܏e]?W:6u>g_푽:f1DQ9-=QB$84?30+p]漕gt}ؿyHXuz:ٱ${5;8mƈɩhr¢9jNBx~Bw{zVT2K+s{;6(oŁ1noq09uY:{e9T~j$>-Wlz`>4j/"5ss53kv5k|H˴9_6ii3[iYQy#71-Z1}wFAz/998Wm\Z'ӖSonڹ^%sQN xͼMZ-@+IbK|_D@O}ĨE-f/VeLs~̑YD= s[&xη C>*ms?3\^+_.mii+TaA"$\?qu/Lx]xEW}^guCY^Tɂ8!hۙY_EFu~oM]YL&+V'Ll9N{"w~h ;N6~Wu#<ٿ.  *[ϡv*02>+E=9L|>^e2>Rݽ"?9bB >VDOl^_.!ms {'|kZ59H~D.o'~R|~b]`,jul|,W<k2{!uܯ\k-o2{+Փ˾^>rzr^VfZ_WOcd/?a/O_GՓZ݋FH{_=xЗ=D{}^WVսzkHgI%xUco ճn\Ee}xtzr5^(Փ>k*`5rzr^ z^ ~G{}{]ڷW{}{ "'FVGrO9T؛9=c`l_{ &16fO)=cמɵʵ7{ fO蝍_{ &36y^ ~Yc2ǖTgUٛs3cMجM%c56:co{c_eUkEk9z|+06y356y3356y3McMcF՚u>Ykm/7c'6esΦu6Yӱ9kzٜz36z3vټƎ2q}6Z~k_7^!u5Y̽?Y3]S5TT6r ;&/\Q =:ꇫ@}xE.ɳ"ۡ*Y^V9+:0I?wq W8'iBp m3^ky}mƸ?7"4״& Ձ[}{eIͿ['>|҉*Ϳ邻7:5>xͿ;X ?g}W^pK9AWNu @C+_ⷈ_S{o^qɸbNK[56U=Ϫ? ƒImKs,,84 ÓÄÊ 681.325 Í.ß. ÊÀÊÓÐÈÍ, È.Â. ÊÓÏÐÅÉ×ÈÊ, À.Í. ÌÀÊÀÐÅÍÊÎ ÏÎÂÛØÅÍÈÅ ÁÛÑÒÐÎÄÅÉÑÒÂÈß ÏÐÅÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÒÅËÅÉ ÊÎÄÀ ÑÎÊ Ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ ñïîñîáû ïîâûøåíèÿ áûñòðîäåéñòâèÿ ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëåé êîäîâ ÑÎÊ â äâîè÷íóþ ñèñòåìó ñ÷èñëåíèÿ. Ïðèâîäÿòñÿ îïòèìàëüíûå çíà÷åíèÿ øàãîâ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ.  ðàáîòå [1] îïèñûâàåòñÿ ðÿä ñïîñîáîâ ïîñòðîåíèÿ ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëåé êîäà ÑÎÊ â äâîè÷íóþ ñèñòåìó ñ÷èñëåíèÿ. Íàèìåíüøåå áûñòðîäåéñòâèå èìåþò ïðåîáðàçî- âàòåëè êîäà ÑÎÊ, èñïîëüçóþùèå ïðèíöèï ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ öèôð îñòàòêîâ. ×èñëî òàêòîâ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ ó ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëåé ýòîãî òèïà ñîñòàâëÿåò íåñêîëüêî äåñÿòêîâ è ðàñòåò ñ óâåëè÷åíèåì ÷èñëà ìîäóëåé ÑÎÊ è èõ çíà÷åíèé. Åùå áîëüøåãî áûñòðîäåéñòâèÿ ïðè ïåðåâîäå ÷èñåë èç ÑÎÊ â ïîçèöèîííóþ ñèñòåìó ñ÷èñëåíèÿ ìîæíî äîñòè÷ü, èñïîëüçóÿ ïðèíöèï ïàðàëëåëüíîãî ïðåîáðà- çîâàíèÿ öèôð îñòàòêîâ âìåñòî ïðèíöèïà èõ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ. Òàêîé ïðèíöèï â ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿõ ÷èñåë èç ÑÎÊ â ïîçèöèîííûå ñèñòåìû ðàíåå íå ïðèìåíÿëñÿ, íî èçâåñòåí â ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿõ äâîè÷íî-Ê-è÷íîãî êîäà â äâîè÷íûé êîä [2]. Ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëü äâîè÷íî-Ê-è÷íîãî êîäà â äâîè÷íûé êîä èìååò ãðóïïó ðàç- ðÿäíûõ ñ÷åò÷èêîâ 1, ãåíåðàòîð èìïóëüñîâ 2, ñîäåðæàùèé ïðÿìîé “ Ï ” , ïðÿìîé çàäåðæàííûé “ ÏÇ ” è èíâåðñíûé “ È ” âûõîäû, ãðóïïó òðèããåðîâ 3 ñîñòîÿíèÿ, ôîðìèðîâàòåëü ýêâèâàëåíòà 4, êîìáèíàöèîííûé äâîè÷íûé ñóììàòîð 5, ðåãèñòð ðåçóëüòàòà 6, ïåðâóþ ãðóïïó ýëåìåíòîâ È7, ãðóïïó äåøèôðàòîðîâ íóëÿ 8, äåøèôðàòîð 9 ñîñòîÿíèé òðèããåðîâ, øèôðàòîð 10 è âòîðóþ ãðóïïó ýëåìåíòîâ È11 (ðèñ. 1). Ôîðìèðîâàòåëü ýêâèâàëåíòà 4 ïðè Ê=12 è n=3 ðåàëèçóåò ôóíêöèþ S=KC 1 +K 2 C 2 =12C 1 +144C 2 , ãäå Ñ 1 ,Ñ 2 -çíà÷åíèÿ ðàçðÿäîâ äâîè÷íîãî êîäà ñîñòîÿíèÿ òðèããåðíîãî ðåãèñòðà 3 1 ,3 2 ; S - äâîè÷íûé êîä ýêâèâàëåíòà íà âûõîäå ôîðìèðîâàòåëÿ è, ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, íà âõîäå ñóììàòîðà 5. Êîìáèíàöèîííûé ñóììàòîð 5 è ðåãèñòð 6 ðåçóëüòàòà â ñîâîêóïíîñòè îáðàçóþò íàêàïëèâàþùèé ñóììàòîð 12. Öåïè èíèöèèðîâàíèÿ, óïðàâëåíèÿ è ñáðîñà íà ÷åðòåæå íå ïîêàçàíû. Òàê êàê n=3, òî äèàïàçîí èçìåíåíèÿ âõîäíîãî êîäà 0-(12 3 -1). Êîä ñîñòîÿíèÿ äâóõ ñòàðøèõ ðàçðÿäîâ äâîè÷íî-12-ðè÷íîãî ñ÷åò÷èêà èìååò 2 2 =4 çíà÷åíèÿ îò 00 äî 11, êàæäûé èç ðàçðÿäîâ Ñ i êîòîðîãî ñîîòâåòñòâóåò íàëè÷èþ (1) èëè îòñóòñòâèþ (0) èíôîðìàöèè â ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåì ñòàðøåì ðàçðÿäå äâîè÷íî-12-ðè÷íîãî ñ÷åò- ÷èêà. Ôîðìèðîâàòåëü ýêâèâàëåíòà 4 ïðåîá- ðàçóåò êîä ñîñòîÿíèÿ Ñ 1 Ñ 2 ñòàðøèõ ðàç- ðÿäíûõ ñ÷åò÷èêîâ â äâîè÷íûé êîä ýêâè- âàëåíòà S 1 -S 8 â ñîîò- âåòñòâèè ñ òàáë. 1. Ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëü êîäà ðàáîòàåò ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì. Ïóñòü òðåáóåòñÿ ïðåîáðàçîâàòü âõîäíîé äâîè÷íî-12-ðè÷íûé êîä ÷èñëà À 0 =Â57 12 =1011 0101 0111 2,12 =11•12 2 +5•12 1 +7•12 0 =11•144+5•12+7=1651 10 . Двоичный код состояния С 2 С 1 Десятичный код эквивалента S Двоичный код эквивалента S 8 S 7 S 6 S 5 S 4 S 3 S 2 S 1 00 X Трансляция младшей тетрады 01 12 0000 1100 10 144 1001 0000 11 156 1001 1100 Òàáëèöà 1 (xklTU甖B " 0Ě( hB* A0QߤH" "(,@JAL^{Oz,lCd6̙9gzrϜ4s䥋+|@[e!0V<.YvV/6/txr"`9zόػif ҋbi*>1Zغ1lRPEF8zYf9cˢVCѲ3"9vJ8: q~(l0\;4-vu\I+q]kNg]j4JNtDUu͖5fDΌ[' ^ 522Y!pyڇWnum`zf"W}î~m٨1}e]= NS4=> 牸~CvH#M)2\/w'opP{!2t#g@!=Ntث9WV+[?nۯX~wjqU~p9ꙫиyA]ݣAޒ r x(A"7MSLHLM I$馓˗$ߴ{+Mctd27})ëpbln<{PۃVX¸~yjp\e&[2>}D͓*^m+2ҕutW@ 2U!/gwz}5pݴEƕp7xzOc7GɑR] 96٬#ʖ1boa Qfj9rɑKo8t"&W3VT Gk v 9yʄ& [XUY g>p,)sV1Fx\\nyr ; *taơL,>~Q`8-+382kMx#8A"X >CauVvpֳy'Y ]ܿwgv>^X!> ι' 3xy<3git.PÑs]Bpq0#eMS,GN` r1|@.bNxΰl i< a󷱏:xw!/F=蝌w3_) j`P  ⻰JA9ylB|"̩ޓoP 8 @6N0Zr約$Mb~6OZe\  3Yzȇ(Ƶo#u)yLC-녿[d$bK{o&IOksx9ր7G̩,}rg]~gUfokel}^h'Wcuڧz}7l~]r|X?ofhTiiTqZ2Gže6_osY?7NזH6ϟosokcz9պ4xc{ekse1w^;G}m<׎mlo\}^\=lu7qZ٘VnXz7 ~A *T @PA *T @PAn Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:51  Nx a.(16x2/Ʀ1|"{Sxݝ ŝ{.Hp J/bOY̢x0F(5$h7YW1'5.Iu!B(o75M;7qjuUuuJ<ϻZ[%w)U:%W+Rǝrx/VPʧjuW{M:2yxL"/pwr P-udq݆n!(S&Bwmo1%Ru~z+l XYcY_a8E(KyJ~5(:O!kO"X^ N8%"okW y[j^ƪ.=%_-zas77šcΘ]r߷qV,Q)Xt}~vUہZ;W;tvوƼ=,zQzjiHзխ[`4oshoHSFSf$WmBG-ޖt䈜uIN7QADI֥:S}Sp/5^|]A_tŪ"M z#X#=N7ԦHxywwLЧsusrYqusA_nZt{Z;nޡ)O櫛ꠛPtdf[ң,ݦP+E7ETڱJKוV{z[kQtnSjKy;~O߯>xdRYュZO)딟Wmj? וQWy;=jq7 uQ`m3H|X=̽Km^M`:vR<ʑ~8(}{>*I+=?"_ Sv&M`84{O}WP9~OV9R7HL;\ɥ{. o ]gP8vol8Fcꅵ05DҚ;# ? "k巤4e2%5qj+ 鉢_4? MsM^oV&g&/;b I:Ey[}ַCul9י 11g=8}cZn+iIXˌPڇ_ ht1~$O;x gd<ygO%*xxFee4eꧺ{O2ogMfW6f>> _O3֖1deG{nl^5jꖣ-P'<'BCGG%[l Eu}{^i'*-IךWqq,9@XIV2+9RFk5O~߭V:SIF>x}o{Mz&ZB ~Zu, Xܨ>9SǰM^֞<ӏ4[ɧ"  gd(ڥfG$Ћ$6جK6hjY6˥;NM?<I[$cRzÔe+oA~j﹐()Ev` 9f M}֐j%-ϼU*42B#؋xA]5SzFidIt G9k~ h|1"D=}@ 1}΋dޟǘҒ])o%/,,J4MhR4(ύlk+k<49p)7ю[YxL?P0[#6ܶ /1lnyң6L>,"12&8b+:MTm"hSH6_ڴʰ4_ωK^.Xs~lXmm.Ky"Ln_}qOlg\Zp՘CinCW-rġJ[FY '`+w%V(m"-/^j횿]t>2.GK3G^сgv&@ǎ$>g%fɘU|ڏ=:~uFڭ<=)o^K3[ j.i<"NnA@+i7S4%=rI><&Cڣ?fJۮ5G>pf8; =xTk-;XeQeEEXhgP_`W{}/Njgo{zD?cfLx}33e/e 8yԵt (ckOP0.+X/#E:bg$]"!o$D0_Tw7?rGٓ${pb{Ɨi<sht<2Ƴ@' ƃo2yGlLg6cȳY@oV@F(gm q!.FԡٿKyf[%KdC:)yTMit I=mI^.m>vdHBMri]?TmuEM ')$}0,\yLvϠ?MLS_Iy?PZKvYnԿy8Yס)b쥼;Uӳj83閍mlg x`jIGljEo[J?[m߷E%V\Rwj3#W`n:+6*SqǸ2Qy 4Ǽ4HOzUޯſЋzxD#WP@-PW6-[u%i/G/*;'RZW+۶~KzuO>46[1 3V(2rq8򄲌NzSFWL7y*O$7'Ȼ^jޠQސoFec ?}.*Bie/~=$vAɆg tOF2|t;nP_MS""tzSq ޶miݭIgX{tGLZ8_/!7W.CPE&Cc k2w'ڳIvԧFYmX=ʥg+%KJ=KEdF0e97nޝ+6z$ Dg_im_]ѱF&malC叢c#Yƶݻ ;-qZ}LmBg2gB&gDn*IޤD?S ^Z4mS"#jp:u1X\՚Eŕ4^ʣ 'cc/֎B'jkXm8,ubrHuHc. (LV>ztRX9;ZĿ^xzMBR>ˣu?X^elv-WsxU~]~/YTާI@$xU>3)+ M81AY+L_6y>׽j_|7H߷&vK4sq#m?mLԴ-駌wu^%@;{#b ߴw<+fûV@Ƭz͚[_cPs?\ulD?;v^aLߧ"!IL[\4{0$]EѷKkO-;Ac$ﶣۦuy aםZq 8xi|Zn;H7*%+5}kͺsXqfrsܻgќa*ŷ7vF?<+/ꧨnǎ>_Y^9c舼nl,g#ۈSj24e=f<8.\3n |5)s8 bKovmHßzS^u}BOzp+i\\BybpYl7W48SmDOy2nuIy[nӼM sœGѤy>(h%jM'9OQkyTjvqVc0L2S I2s6!)W@\;_a/Q$B-Ԩkz$ƞFeۃg}2p% cpYl atyx̞2ڊ<cl̮ިG .*1SJcvT2|n }uuymŵAJWI[eKjkoxMS.r\"Lkj(*.K39Qe]NP0TVSv/|4ppkyݲ.s5HUs/W|a6˼c6aKYB s4ϥ;byv /q(^ҭMw~#7t~?\z09Kϥ.5MglRH+/;o˅d+AĄDm?U uuIdO)+hO}K"ǼTt8 yžzK4Po>Ї=/=_￰%8%Qy<}.kʇT/Լ?T5==(Lj2sP}휃fo9(ڔ pbv}{X1QسSt{6O Qh~]+ )\FsYwkn )>B0_xb+A r5H9ˍRy^zCLrL@B_Njӎ%Kuxgx~ҧK;8W/醗vLWOC= ާf9Vh>-K;8W/VW,i8(@|_}*BKJ"Bc.5MglRH+!0mx~{/i|qy}Rk~N}geK*ݱ)cgsxݸR| z\It6p؛HC%=蘩}+b>hVb l+o&y?w^.͏`?G7T~$jhkӎ%%!!~NQTJ3D#' ~g #.5MoO?rƃy[ԕÛD?2AuLmGj/ȗDsHˤX6C {ԏLFmҭƓX6 cՏPO8f>ߠ2C06-Ԩgr#ԣ|&yT~*`\s~dK4ީHK+GH6]?BG&o%#.uMoO?RqG~$M{G扢^6:#w$c(va+\1SO3>r#&=W?vuAQ?~sU>5}#s Uz9SϏ֏m!K]?0G8Cҏ8u867=#~+{7~aՍ[y[4jS˦GJ5Ɲ#_U1Ga-?Bl8P G2*^]kٯ[! {+?}ඣ_k\7&iE5$5q[R1$'w}_&,7SWڔCNm=~G mmVXbAvlӮx23}YYNk]>W[q0!l𱵬 ~yGma.,ޮw;:̠%g-DkL-&eQ~y?[P|pbH˴~ᙹ\pf47hpG7+Jt0v]%sEM[_Ts< 3mK^,Ǫ|9K'\✥(, 򻼻r>g9:Dg}4e-gGJ&uM m"&3%g1凫PE[냣ܦSTYGW[y ?V`-X}V`hL3:wZwddOtd= p] (. . &el}Z֕Fᘖɱ>#yE [ ͥ V]_h.&Yz~z ĵPgQ!5,*#K^D/5_I^q! )DO<+={=L/V^xl usGkpaj% 9F_)҇)ǵ3okh L+*o/WD_~o$A*[˖Φۚ[keOz-ݝh'#?amW8y@SVU-zQbtm2>>Wn^(T_>|G U GP!tO)W!)_꨽AIח+w> kgMn) F=7X=3r; Tq >eـ8ɻBq{d>sV=WB@o7_InxЃ5mՃ!WCP/"p~spe)\x~v;u yyߙ*n>@WoP$*~Mߎ8Ѓ+=ĘΤkG˴V6ݵ3k - _}t5{lp(MWfti\=K';j ړ˦Ō.)3zMq9on`<|t1p+|tlًy;G\lxܞj5#2P]X9R%Ꚋs;^\qlvl b4=b +x,6V/dIJ뢓0%|V]SUywNh|#WۘR}Q{$,U<(nӸy~Q{LLȳ=3G8 /͗zOC\mՃ90-t&=_AP/~į+D᛫V/lkKq\qTh̋DS34ԃT!A/\=z}!9ꁶBwG&{Qe*S0M7D[ TgυI4?ݪ:G+~7z`$B?3 ^6\/m܊Akk9x8xF#9Q^^ΜmܔQ\m^6\#{#WaMbk}gk66knlG}ZX3Hq(^ҭ!9OQlJm8 wgxgO'(nY`Omomo=Ylz;P`h88@limzθrl;ygUr676NueӃ|h g7 T9Tpiu,%pDEtqkX+Mz׸륢:0up^t\_6 qͬlgץU-=88gjSSW\~ WwpW=QJ>~\/pj WqggI9hul҆.g lrbb\~xr;9TQU/yFU‡-RVt֫뫒@Sx:b| {õp Fr ׉k׍]gXT\p__ ;+jwW(&{*Sݭ \ p߅~=P[ ~UG9.vvE  ]v\>vk3h'Я4N&pUos IhꅩfRad/Hl9=grT5XG' ҙ5RecVS'E!巗5w\ ezظF {_q=U.e6y6?Dr7#:?lBQu$muj#*Kcl]xD%.d}5 ߤ`}?l] U늺Lxl L^gHgePP# dZO_H~dnw](^qpU[UVA_e+]ȌDTl_xV_EZ^{3 {⟬ZI0,;3v_fڿQlQڟo>db1=$fa[ކ]!\g 2?Vzcx9ȴt\ ^[rsuq\m4\ݭtX:Ofq.wN$L6u] dj~V!'п8RH] 0^T[޼cї4>; 4)ε@*]%}#zߍr=[IgtEPLޒ}VUo%^ErD1C6&.(Ȫt/(_VN)R.uɹ:~3e[0]oXr]'L>c^03:glʸg}uͷX 3.Y#\Pg<=ϸ($]Yv}2#mW -'ÄŋϠ^6#Ue++\ꪕ7\gT'r-L>ƳUgܡ:gH#XVGOzO3& 33Yv}2#mWԯ4&"xgD3 /߹Q|Z9rIWT 'Tt>g;?-Zs)}6Mo^6=vz=fyQyc5|!ӂ{U.gjiV~;us\iu)e+jj yFCDG>Nd>ǎi=ʏQEþ ` 7S7n6E}YXGJϭXopczSHzQgokp4ZX;hk|qѸbxy]6w45$Ug`gD᛫V/9]v1X{$^H j-vv؏CvSrG|yo>Wl,o:Fx(lʵ8I:Wޙ/}<&W0 5AX+.ۜqZ\_a+v/x|oSذأ"76u z|!|r  /ʝ{乾\}@ηes6_л}q`4 2L|JR3 PzcQƺfH!gvT4<{8[ Ei\Vǟ-ޕ (3jwYX(AbnrT)e㖗n2>Na~/|Ƌ>/:\x(D>?=c+T׿|5Ѫsů;ůωjHqxscZAv9I|\QS/k)4̗S&r*;>vx#kT4Չokzdݛ~j<ܓZ,\'Z'<ߗ&.. A_6n݆}2\ѹоQXE T&3@&FG?[uy>59!W{μ\GM:o|i(y(|7:obKl܊7=qŖ#ڙ|7䩟GU䄾 V/~vQΚ,Q|Ú#+3bՉ=ʇ_'EdoR1̬I&+D͢E6h=W"NIv$&\%oR}v$&;5IgxaaM2'OٳKudϚ&o^!do%n X5ɵ\I W>eROîMǫ\/z'|csֽg -. =h8a63~g ޲kc&o&({6Z@#$|bow7R5VuMՒ6wHUS.{}}{ʐ|i>OS@q3ymo{==aFM/.GiXth?N;\u-?vN;'o)y{7]=8{ho[7&0ui^shoHSF.PdX-h)k_kꌞ:"Ƭo]Zy̡+!لq XV+jo7Ky#/{zmfob+D?PSjz{AQJ{O[T'Uٓ^> >W N4=<,ҸN>tu[[1SKET" CѦB:~%X$[qmoww$F aLm_M./6 >A;(_Juf^rځZ;ߨw)`E*֡: CٷkmI:M d" ?%xj]d~먺ށxğҺX%I+@W/W "|u?u.Bt~b[tѓלLuuS/UVuj:sufL8t֎5-Ѡ.'.^Pt;Nےʼnjzp/E]]$v%=&#􏹾Q⽖cوg }P\Y&7ƌzפi(InKK4mFNWnKzEn$8囎~grt~Vk ! -ӜI)N6ao0LA[~# -Si|o곣(uSg 騫D3%:qu_Wק> Ct~S;G-_@߮~ztZnf۬v֎+T/ "ܦr"7p -;Nn#8oFp- " -(Q/A[Ȼ9HH5(3&\ZY$x+7=IQo)=-(Xye5 +֭W:4οmЗwT8۾om66儴dcffv\[+`ckcUbc$ے嗤7*]{*6F yU5͔B.QMV~fEtd={Vl/N!:L]P_ƟD35v\;RB4_;:;&ف7N%=+:_t/kuWH\Q; Ɯdg>Whv@{^)O?CM];̴dU:֎kw(`ωkU;b$;p>o!Co͈΁+j^' q|WʫjhSH;,Q(Zc|? ji;+YCnWG(4\=p-Q;"S'Iwk]_ T trQGF/rN]H\a;Q|uLXA)AP$Q\ Xl;蜬.bܐ5mr<8EsSlN{77xd\eJd8|2QN V秚]L_NcV[ɴV1Z7霯Z. ï[/_%YE&KFòW²4aՀ?iCg/ګRN!wYk=nm.]_5(m\8Wscl% ga& ú!IVOVJr oLY5JXHTTY0z #o8S_G(!)ߋ}xt S0Nsp< G0  |zwr%(B 9PBb {?j4fu,÷L*X?v5V@9:ݰy{LE3D$@߂r7WxׇgS/"bg~r?MJe>K {-bZ&8|2= J.Sao{b ;EX9#xqqzx=I%3>+Z'hc~>D'@A[v vZ /N=o1=J0kehʙ!tP&k~f9$">* w*3O0SgDv*0h eUc+I>mg3\sεtf1jvع6kH^.{>9kϵzLNFoxڌްћaW6ggj0:o>cggagj/t&3c>yf;Wd;>+ہlO:  {$>0qfUQEa@ uQi |q sO{W/):V~W:nKdʅmIXe$DϨs$ϒ-پ>Iƶ'mY[%>VtN'~]{0,$ywryRQ(yϧKZu]_k>2ZM[s}K8X`ͧSW79B0\F8dU&WSZ N-xUSA뀹^,b+i]^g(YF9 Ut>#Iz?#Y];VolsڎbUʸW?nΑ5}~Lsx_퇧N4w;/Iqc&Ru^yC,MeՋh^sq4t^NVvN2CJV&4)c;6I<윓g`_ѷm;;#;%IxMz79wG1|Y,TW2_*.?`|ީ6t`᥌eI>.o'B9ecS7GRQG&}MJ>g)Oz Z7{>4osUł?&|}VEl9E>[1甎evO=k9v vU=cvCevv?r pmrjG oЦx֢U>rw}VT9DڷTCLdJZ*9djMNtW,7̳u\Iur`pd?-dZr&~sd+u!B}C_Љ#\EMLK6;I+JcG-Cf~ k] u]4ZӰ9d`(38dn4DZT6<|oWa=&~&vV6Q]>)OIRI^J^L'}gtLr5<~d[B3٢ܢ^/&&`fQڠ&g얔V?y>ۯ^5bz {i vr5vN!}C}Bq,'.do!8hSLv2?ϴ^kh~T;,&ׯX\-"mct^|UƲYemnu=KGAE ڨ=#{,mmHB6x @ y[LZs)Gk>?Mqw|ߦ6<p*@f5T;Ua7kem:Y~yt:5)MG_cߡ%/28iav2]i^i*E6uܭ|;cʹPFk}..8thc7|ģczd@ML.b6*]y, &S/&៘ '&٘vc$:!&Cd8c}I1`5&OTdΈa1>#&11ꘘD1.P$l4G,&GL~TP&&?IL. bƀ>1ymOlOL8&W\' 1ꄘD'苘 ELݏ,1yVh1P$:ֿ=ItIL$&e9b1y 7=ϋ1@@vOjOLlLzd:脘 uBLI_"&d՘)ggO=<G$_w"[uoݟ:@ô<_E8d*u}tvQm $cgmKKt~zx>$f{MfEO;`EL& 2kNiue:VtLidx, ;dB&2]//C;/ < CFJh!`?f̥r 5բ!8a)9k.d\(elͿ5F`0;4ogzh' ; )рo SU4{!?fq Pl*㓊V>WT2?'\Y9q:XJ ~BNdNnڹ>.s< (k)e6ZzAPvEN-S in?w\y!bDáOæpyy0&e OK6OIV]g^xT^KѿXKt8۲h[ضcixENu61P&^MX?z8/ջKXvo kQ#/iێ 댾kF8Xq0ycߤҩMhv<[{ ]6?(e3r|pd0,eZ:̾'Nl;n ZHeG[2\+^3[_$#KnR=r}}(dOCwWϟ>-?1F?}#Y{\q~n^63\3~5Mhݷ?m7jݯ.\icOYmy<ŹfNgo@A+y c>"y*HAww-l =ʧ5+* ܚч6*=aO5TL?!sfpт7 ׌~b{M~ȵ~ɒ9R}pdɳ!uA8{}˓,} &y|?:~ǴOa?}'<9xn|7 p}j/|xuj)>AgoߔSU8CA_i]"rbNyݏ`:~DzOkd|@@`P~pO[L~rj,0X4wxO{h|;ΝS?wF';:hypޜߙ@_< Ś𓘽33s>{v2,,(1gxO؀3mtɳPe9bςGL.3򶘍iAL.  xOLlLY:!&Cd8brHܡogB}C_c2?ǔ`5&㭉K>Y{:U .ץҡ"[]&58t(nݣ2D(:m4G,6Bckjbʼ-ffb" 6 MП!&!&7;X/ D'^L/b}jl:2؜بR] %K%oKNtKPuiO:`Sp؄o5mObDؼ7Ol~ 3S؄b3؄fc&:!6Cd8c}MEb16oV&&6C]Q4 uJlFsbzA|*o۝- }pֈz^s Pp\|^ ^n  G|r9$7C}C_C1׬Y,=\#k&u nO} .w,.5|%ϪihpU!(r{}bo#U[#yÁ53n{@\2CfU&^P/p%7C}kw2b\zzItL|:לNE]n u ]6COr = &.L[}穼1lS?G@xb>Uױ늞0{ ٓuz>mQ} jsH㻍v<ltv]ҁ~F=15}is-|vO[yv|C/\F#xôO!KlrWW'wGкp;8B?ІEُs U%X\;G $? ^y[,T ?]q ~< &hƞg.<_ wJh?pO ɻ<;Ft4FxPGvGGGi:\3:ǷS2(:}].{o|4 }6ץjjwyⷊ;):>lW>[}bT&@8;Afd缷M~N|ߪ3λ1Hwys$N|#y" 6 !OE? {'~,ͺ*ꎜ9_]3csЗ t/v* <[%v^e\||X;΃oi*/(ڼ-j:1_V GMXwx'ryar}`Wtu~QK 8@iiSx\:mu9hpLt(H%k=y${w,\7< Ucs[닺uホ#ƀ/Ƒi iWx}|eNcތKSkZ_%8o` ;y|/~m~[-DW^ZkDoD]6hL-A^0s8ݦ:g yC(8d@1 7;=3yCpE{- QF9qwcpW[oJi=w"`c|ǹ |mmO5xO;42(x^͋qXӂ!b/vl1eG,j4W :+zTٝDxמW\QE^(ث1+kl>1z ;qjCv%3A?c4.sj;Km1~#<ߞྙyMn/=/CF¬}ERq.m񧢟Y>Rw_hP D>Cc pQOG~~kmy>?!Yjj8f)M7{5Xt])]ZOV${xz+ŹYW5rs o=xۛ:4)o}!}v£ &vcYgSɋH1&.<+8rUlV~q5% 5'm|~?۷Uo.]t^PWvGWiJ+pjx/J_#芼 jt=:bWEnǢ ya.k2 3RF)L|od bgZ=(dM;eZKf5V& qG|Z~bq59踦ucM 8/pMxM1@A߼z.h`[2M_sB6h@"dtR*ϩmb~}_V}ʜ=ٹU?+w/Jmy_E:gE}!s >Yفы~Fm-Ӥa"?OqԡaxA\ f|Jv7BrJ[Y3ޭ/r1?!_~?QIp*OK鹁}Z_~M4SyJ(>fי2߈]s,RQ˲g7푻x-a:1M}cLmv2_ԙ_g~y#4iN)pרr-拜?Zo[鷥Ӎⷽ'k/_uI؞|T$;!a=؍X>Cf Yv{XW֭5ucC@ 麏 _1>׼At= cǵ3mB U̓e+y ldW)~|6}P#;>͖-y&eՐ6uMxpԑJhe.UIjpp? C/g{jI=M ׾a:)c_vE;{Ck.ppŹCۥ3{X?׸Kwny6_B5Ksv}'ʁדgh"OȡkF隣>6]!Cb"&2|k_L'=3=Q7@9WWݠ/Qv`ڽw!g|Fmsp[=uTbڈ[5 Vq7Qdg-1F;/Ѕunb~8㱆3g8? 37thiѿ̋o@,ke -y[f E^,~W4姡O'Ed߀1y<PpjEyPpùnL_Kє퀸s}xGSGdk9oO #]cbaȌWZۖ!'zũ`o@SۗgjųbFxuv68DAB? ;&^K(gZ2ȫbY#m?:j~#{Z-ZΩ,C΍[}KO x#wJvax ~~=*WS@Vr!kHh=[geyo;!盶scc۷C/4݇6N{ ?-W%0Mm4fJ}w(7*Z5vOfd; FΑDu`hz#6 H9styDpnSpN뭟4E m Dm-\EәFr=&ȵV0 \3r~ͿN4Lo‘SjS4SlȳjW7=/Ko ƲFm 21~}i.krjcΘK<;n1d `p衹}Tt\O < ׌(~eꌱ;Tɢ\&YCkFHC_@z?EuΑ郢{ AvOf{Da.YK%Iҋ^;ꋺw2qԉתP'-c|4y}u?}c$*rA&}K߄P}wzg`$H7JM!mȃyw׹x1f]=#:9&7_57_⑧$}uc-߮߂\s^^ՏIXec_^~fLV0,NNOQdArFwXE[>?Y0p ~ﱟv*e!K6\3L}1CEۛ=d>(\3ߒ,|E@gjs,C.˅LwU~}Nj6d8^ULJ}׆,67iÿ3ꔣTs^ϔFgpl>1/ܿUw-:U**eq6ͱI:<8 ܨ-6Bэޯ e,WJ&(i~&fhS7RE.ܞ[s!d`p?BNuu y>g"}v=Byj MpЬgD#\:)˛uh*Ю]?!:/ !/- kC5cЮi>]B\34ٕ͢mN5o t2 \3n*x39]pXߞNOx'fMsE.$4ߑDpn0/Yy[lzG\$wNB!y$F>!sQQ)w%vPpq=`( ]y**e d&Y2CEYf6yY2s]yT >~ dC;}ӏ2N^]6hW)~ӫzSn֥ѧ[޸ Rg[٨c੻ (Т+.b27K.o '5KՀa+2AsSo ,S>,*_TkSB?w[ך&Ǚ,tmϢXhGE<{'r86 yxwk8G:/eK^Msj}aGg_ GޡBbK\qAy.G " y[V%*Z~E F~NdG?=H-Fmj+fp};e߉<쓽ad:Eh՝وvMv^Q)˿K=oɵPteh7l zklNv. V3MV1rNx3zS~ ިbxisq5cO;^ߚ˰,jFL^ᆾEĺ\~Θ}ggG\[x/}'LQAd@6\Rɸ\8~w`6`+ts5s?o|xדjÇ>/=6hZ8ޝM.Έ^Zɲ5&@Y}b}75rkۧSul5u{lVȃ\h`ڊlpɵR adzZ|ocJj-~c^(@eWi a 8ƈGO y%'\"qjnL^X 40Wǟ6| בSvng?>%<zW @w{x1'4˞;'IyHa mWߪ{>}}|hճsU3>s?]5~ɱޤډ{ȋ1;HW\| K㊵ ْ䝗}8sŗy^n0#RF= n z,y3K=<6!צr)gjY_YyI%sGOj;6]xtr\b7k?G3\;* cG-m>}FIx' ~E*UӼ_zv``E*|j|KumzyQuཁ|G| 1}5 M}a^_5NI ?ɤI|M2꿍KN]zσ|w t]|`S6cW+3ߵVqOf̆&=#PbzZߥR˕_#]ѭRj  YQ 2n_AFPw~v>@S<32}UΧ?H⟿ |_#2U>}#kǢ;xCwȡBy4wGw;~ݝ(Z9JF17t7DwHwSwQwD9ź-e!).\<α8! 0Wk<gjEx{J2KÉ3'F(Gr\g2)/(cny/e*ŇE>qCc.nAiuZ7Kْ|ِa UAvm{"G@*䅛TJ|`}:ԯ|$٩["6BCl5ho1fÿ1)q߄͊[Ў=\,croT[$4}iL&4jb|mVbs_-jtND޺/Z;h4|%/rn ~Is"|s>H܏K^/{ڇ?՜D>-snr;$79ArmZw171Xϙ?gnUscoט_GGk=̞ݪ c 8x\uJ k~,D7Use*ֽ;~d|&w`(ǵ4STG-/Ah&uO=IF/wh0~X0eLU~|]KI^E^ y!q g^c[} sjT&Jn-;ٷ0w-M>gnyfߒ-Ggn-͡~k[5'soܪJٯ!|n~Sqf EnPf m8# HnyDvFa7%M|37ݪ3171Xϙ?gnꭚ_c>|ᘻl?þk{"Ukk7jWܯ1nwkANR)˼7C_+[Wgw`(Iނ) ! :Tu-lɞ-$BO@{_^e.\=[ȯIټ6.W ٳ$yx[WVM^en*sW[57yɫMkU&27yu8Uk⇼@\12N ƪwoUyL>U#W(NSOPʫe|y>ɫ!UI|oloK~,Wᗼqdժnw./˫o_ToU^en*sW[57yɫM^mU&27yUsW;W7ɷTɫyjApż85G+˫V2WG^e\:֡ޭZghW3ׁȫQ;xjj*c؜ P'wU"yuʫM^enj&27yɫU&jn*sW:s 7ɫ]WW̫Ss4>Wܥe9"y589TS2>{4y>ɫ!'|z/_lN^_jȯIr ~u׮.yvA*KUyɫM^mU&27yUsWVM^en*sWcX^SyNC^}J0̫Ss4>}Se9"y58G^j= ՐO*$BگɫK^ %2N38 ϓWዼzxiU^en*sW[57yɫM^mU&27yUsW;Wcy⇼zx *ㄎ1Vͫ՚Mʫe9"y58:]Ovu/Ufc= ՐOQ>_z7%?ɫK^ 8Ҁɫ_3y@VU&27yUsWVM^en*sW[57yɫM^sKX^}x! *v4>WͦZor#^+

**'sкTj=ȓ1~ɯK~ 2~=~ɯ!'QwX^Aߪ"`w>7}̹yy*Ubo4͚*{,ϝ̍*{,:YYn蜵J#[sMVbcnen6a9{tU:gnfTn*0s?.fnfV7ٻsn9FfnfVUsHzWSB^Qs/{lw{߮9*Ƥ*-{B}s۵kk7-js{EYwh7T?WeB|V98[}2m vX1jI!wŬ-6qSK5}`Y\e睿4KϏI.M^lcAGç9[4*IRUG|n8&C&oј_vI3%m_ç\ߝv3Pi?L>|xٚœM+mõ|5sL6^L8*;xRG;4q 牅#_p1W~Rh}?p mM2=pjթdZު ss~~U^ϯ芽gݙU-26ֵ=3{eab0P󟰞mm";i+BzzpLYR9x+_j08 uw:V}RJ;?o0wX|c݉\~/kUyvb[6x;S?E|?_W/-I›>KHƻDx##|U|Yw0UKvɋ?enZ,F&Gy"9*X;աfwc:l&iԢLhN7֛<>=p=ѹ&j{(*Eƾt#Gw @܁(S_W7лEl'`6лR'ƶ ~~?r%r«A)AsL~o/E{s!IVl ֞אۃӬ$7T躩7ɲJ|oטz41c ),Yf/IzЇo"x60ǠL[lxIʙOis' xISIRC=Lu7ScWO^Uy dѧtϚGQst*NG_8{i\~ ?ya0{ۤk 6o{r@f6 9l[fح y32r|< oG}`O=3:a(#wR~[=q}?1{#o-[AwT.7 rI[Xgjz;A)oEj{`:p3 c"9ϒoSIaq1nmz%XA0 ɦك&xF}u֥p3={=!|p(Ij$; x 33 z> Vlӹs'́]\Ͱ~Ep'ˑw9`|BOU[[~7`0YH㓒?‡:5=WKԑfi!-7߳7֭󍕳Y+ri 2d%C}-u^ lާ~$| 4{܉|7N{M NF-jފ]ɚo3`73ˌWѭf(,{ݢA }ZTo@_4ZQ@;FI_ח Ч1o pS=Xrfz3~h:e9gsQ~<չsrڻAɵoy4se7+w2?[Tx9sY=qFǚ+C7޹6'7g7ɶ6z[C4h~y瓭i|J=ύqnLT<3QNwnW]dʮ}4}%vsDe}8lSekJڢQ_}q}m~55rLljG{fSEaM}_L_)<^ǟ'ߌ;w @܁q;pF;w @܁qtSMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:52  H 5HH(16e2f/H1G]R{pxݝ U`/ ). 첨\- j)%^CD-r-{L-}5M"d^2DIPe "7ARfafgfe}>9w?癙q]AZG:=ǹ' 7U8޹iUQ)}rK+^ =P\ q?qgqn;˝惡 w܅?IcFs.h<.a^ Ƥ ߓ1C]\/i[p=A1sIH5zRBK)'2d՗LR"j<г"i.rA^{yaFDn z8z ϋ};JӢ[ ;p73袑8}7]{=Di^mTlSSɋ>e\rd>, Y>92WArb]$qtm-?P8Wx8%^^@S76x܍0}[.Bzd: U6YIG-ߚrQrBNM 塧SelR;qqQ2=_qw""}K>V4?WR&%x*e`Ǻ﹋C6L)ͭ]fiquSm|M|锨酯[W-:qDm_7kgJc=4]\󥛢MD)~|L|J>4S=P^ⷨۗۧ? hKr{xCq|p!G$qt嶈Knh"nSVRv?\OQ%ɮF6&os+z*&[>nVPvUZFl3 $?pNIy¤{v*67J>Ti .sz :3f<(K4_гHZ|~Vr/؝$3 ^}-t(8D.=K6l^d-Zyf$Qd1UAsnR$+mO EIb3XV\۶-ZQ|ͮ G#Tes}ɀƏiW9qrWH#582e~Zn<䒚\u;5Lg6Uʉ{ni+k- Un&# Nq_vci1biGՎDJN^NwQϓ/A2Uo7@N$Ҝua ɳyR1]K[WT/̭vOD9$'I]5M ZHuag[4^DTO4+=?E˳DkS(y:O§4qqb]C-K_<ō6][8RI_A2 *alҞj#NObGuZo"ݻ!n?&h ZLQ;vkj%ȚlU3:[lJmwd,ƯW SWuz۳Wuڨ-Fї.Vo,||m~*(K۟R!ߛZVyUpO|Eʭna7)i>ڊʋ'6Y^ujdeƩ IeGJGqs s?D _T7/(Kėqa1/is'0.AO4lAmv7N-Ғ5HB0Z9Ռ+?gxdr/FtSXÏѺp15U^IcQ\ (KϕEc>`(ᨾ6ë u5+"k)]O]}VR)ـoLH&6QDuaIOd#XkDj|ߤg/VBL6d#9^<ʫ]joxqٙڙl0Xj+qWߛ{ӃX0I^P@ʡ߳SFPtuD.HkQF.$uؖ7[D@:}予Ic^] h@qy,eKur1=CTϩKL*S2Z_# */3=zã|'z/HAs׃%Ʒ`_Kڊ7>vS}'ˋBҫ#wj"]C$j5SE;d>|f8A*M.5޽ʍ&k{Uʌjoϰ2j:M TgCU*dOTY7=]$?88z@SO/ŧP=ʩ\Ԓ?^%+@͑/z }hyd) kt+i^lՉ_LόF}>j|kg{Om*HD|z/hef{,(ܿP/)ƐLtQLŃDO.^*yY&_k+ecu;/J@^(|d#_9 C F >&NVI,} ϼ$Kѥy<ɽX4&V~V뎀DuS11(QJT/yt5$#4Fsv*A"WK-y^m3Kn w<'= pb<'xqu'qv9sGFք'[[ǻ˜mO71\GϻIKs8K9]󝟏W|'9K:=u3r=|PS<`P+w_嬝W~hk]~Jku܆-s9X)@헢u{ro=.PB[Ry=iii3 u(jCU:TIjDV֜ڳ}h.frz&qOzh<X-]ft,TFݐNk06j㺠ǏA)(X͟@._ЃDXYdvNQs0mkd8Oi3i ~;ս+뮼:GIv(UGA*j#lfAmtK?l  c54KQ>O6|||ΜleO "TtSH'w]WR|xjW/S)/}8sG LS~9f}R'A ;*]>U맲tuҹtu/iTc[5Tk\.Sr/*Iu55RJ 4Ska5/m&|.c^>/7L?GUrM o;Cu8r@ ] 2XsDnOݲ:?;/2յ.=Skxz!~^Eh{$ՙ T&50>8v/YH?a6az%Øz!~Joc.}bx'~p ]{_JX\kQ;#ebOadwDkؕk{L/#ֱWDR_OҾ ׋Ŕ׽LS|UP/LeY0bJz<\_K_2}v݁ʡ_)>;#vwe9E敎 /*Oo¯ǠِKTpE?l񕓻)U_9yxhws6og1>Wm9?[^&TOҿԠA(;x G"9 K+5N={WoOr(s[ \ IXG6rY; 5LɊ4!t"pؑOJ}s)sDx.% ,duNYyo |SY=)Ѿ Og-rO,)ҙʾ(V.Mgl. 3ɡx07:g>1g|!ЃIqdQ^z16$5=+ 7|G>3ƥ(_q}璘Oog7¯YPՙ~*KWb_ }9M-dSch }\|ܕB_07ڿso@u/}@lA|A] ?2*TR,Ub_n~C~²MyϗnʳT=Ӡic[` ]7]TpUB۰s2iE3-eWA$=[蒵*.|jëX*1SU.44AKPņgQ7Yaù[x+I|<6_g?a #+ˆ">ss4U]U/NDTut>; z#yүŞ(S>1ww(vm|bY'}G#e˒>\mߏw#A.Vf8ac{ :*]GK& \z<{zV . KQq);TBendr[GG[?u ɜ/&ZGL{>, }Ʃ&IWymA֑`:`4**+H\Gb>ZG΄jeoϖNij~IdOZdOݠd<5tSwȞ>' W:WJzS~X{sS8Togݒo2+ij|]׉p591fO\>0Ֆ:p]q N+*.DO:**,Z|iB#/퓄K$u{׮p Y;fFSYoPnQ'긼yq b7ۘ o*MIW@Oz|&I>/mi'YMZNœP%[Gv&^3x\/a4]EٓDs5U֬jR2=ٓEٓEٓLۓОr`=)^=)^Lמ%'Ib=Ydz3b"{R({RkO3mOيn*^| .{4y#zx .aX}\?E0Ֆu~ ū9iYƥxq/njƋ /V?TcosɿYetg#Kẽ봂RU da׺c&^CCwQ :f>O|ëƋ)^Ux(X:Rx$Q8 nx}e Zhl~ַ'%xQ_T8(EKk(Ƌ'ŋiWċ'ŋ'ŋ'?.DT }EL/ʞ/kOٓ.ٓX{~vgDxQx1֞/fڞ/jT8 .۷SG$Qfcp.i`iq.ŋ/a-Sm~ C9iO 6Z/F3|(Ex}GC٥k/v-.Y_ڮ¨ {؎񰢾]F>FG0XM ~y&8/%wtiVJoW0 jOpϐm1w*Y v`ZSuK>qgp-"wJ渗KI'\oB72]Z;祒95& 1PkiBp-:_~⚒R)W'|%qKO(x䄔j\e]O>wᾖ6ЭL|Ï96n !?YEe)"uxHvHC^WfӉ Gf>H|i|M_`=~d߷ҽy߹Z$g[|V],>t/޹= e銜{@',k^tW#{|NϚm =U cuxFז}6CN}e.T/lS $%ߗHql9;M%Ͽ # uvPLM,}:oYɂ<c4<h \Z֮',KvJ\@: זJtN_0MIxuٲ`}ykmM= wױۨ?5R&TCk_.5U1~ ) uѝ!odCdT֒gkɶ}ΔQ: x5Id4]ُO"ٗ/^|Y3٫ZP-h3d<>R?^G`~I8Dv,Bce~dReSsdqB|y̼ґ^Yg=WwݬŠow}1z+ A%S;Od>=te$rAP%{K&ޟ? {t^ϟґbē|o_27?mA^W~_H/_{͗K&m,{3;3nUA$%o]sGPpVCSM^^WT6'Uy=ie>L=  ?*u282_dO\0W:~>Sm-u1~Ig=s!A)%{L<܋:gJELwVtWLwf~;0RP*+VwUncrT{.Jw?Su#ùm6< ]ݭO<ՙK{4Vw-kI;-$+t>e5 G3LBulphUW6&M|TFFq]smѵq߅kk\.q ˽hxw׋WC\<>Я-:үK\̿YݕrU^ q\ogW<hTW\[tewFT5(>7y1N ֋·. e"V R& |zﻊy-c%{z"SwCUggDOe-`R_KT%>늧)fi]&$!U?u犻kڙ}vrӏT^OD@9ҹeJo} /o+<Üa~ydzE6;F:[Gqz?[,+]׉ti&K@$-!Y2^Gω-R:^KB+?WWݶT#>Wh \\^c[^g&R@ZHf&3[F~ٞA6Zh}2_D:N =z\0u¼g^(ObRꊨ:bTVO" }:2K-8Fx2]X{ 2 v-T]]Ώ+qhUC\zuK W*T+T/Yx:e?!omh02q bۘ~|rمb?!#-% SgS`pn~y[Ŋ6\xļ?zwz!}eS.H5L|N?$lB;ນgZ?kB|\/!%\!>Or/F3:{MsK)1;Rs3;>}f4Ih f*+UncvzF0-g@,}\ꦒ2q`pn~9lB t8Luxô5u};6n|Pՙ[?ڢ=LF /@ f1s|e~ E= >N&о Sn+ +t5>c&3ZeOtbaj1:ws=zyG8" Wo0|SY=)QLا51ٷy pKAG~p W{ܞ.]*;={=o1MtOxW]t]K \]Xy]N*J\}\|SW5{WWXbkvv=N<;aY b1Wy=IxJPOM]aù儰m[|3WW:ZӬx*~iM34vM~bkпo<\^p-. #/LTIz{R?zګ2N\ uJQ2AI6&I$۫Er-T{Y48?^U^%=i;x#K{ՕPHF(i{<E{CۍgT~nf>ګ>.h3>î٫~KBNwf.(Jir[^5_ɽjPmɌpwګNcګ΁joWźqi^敎֞s}b}U/_ګ.FGW^>.UڵW+ #G@!U*p&,ar,dtz x'zk[SZ6.pMqU+6 p)FHؽ->5Ylj_Ŏw4kjëX*1aG[\~W Nw)U㯵T<_k5]{5%ҟZO6sPaX%Õi-}V@qRtV,_oenףJGb L:0}ҴyoH,2Lo§;祦#ߑ&ܙ8/` ض1 $j}_OQ#G%|f>_>H6rY|[&l<&k-ū7wSA۪f~B7/Y(t,Ш)5nny^ݬchVn֔=nCaʶ`&l \\nGW,ef&3>VOn_,utƨGQޏT$ٮ,M[)T$p,L5mthxeW;^)U?Tx=Dx5?󛱱WX x',J>K t)-eڸ/84m?fO0T`}?Wg3vGV9!c^2W>e | ۉPߏX?Փh^揣Hҡ$_lP^W. ʵO& = ̃SHZ.=|zxLf|4YH/A4V/E{!w1Yз5U6s׿W:zГ>?M ꯆ%Ǩ%MxDXw87%S[7Cߊe<+\m39t~*yK ґS~~~>&'+>!FŽOK;&%uTs;:hM~ZGV҃)1{\OIYPՙ~` }ڋ<Ï] 6t1=EG30斗f҃19IKz0*XvVTZsn~HFMW)JkT", ǽ9@ ϭ :'ـMV N-i>PM{O= IHY'p!t5WgS Æ<˙~_w>2̭cOϞ7&{1|;U̞\_O]A.,e#=HW7 'q@A,Z00^GPGם pg~p e6| iLW~C#Iw:|{krO/҃3I~`KfUgK?< :h>҃VWO/Hz~`gԊ^&I?7Rd2??QłjU\~Hv!U\,q̗RpmTT(+mL?Sy=⿏XdOh${)S뾏aù@hu_=]MׯO"{?@Ko÷X{Rdz;fdүZ?d҃G=Nv$=|wAՃIK~q@U;K~Uͥ_Udts}&(2%|~# }r1}yEnaJO+\uP=Rrs~_Wԅ˾>қ;g@/BzNև ETYNp P(Ǜ4%۸{'ɼeluCr N]%Ǘr5kytjZ }6ד,}&bnTx_&w$[_T{g^Yw21EAՍI絕*t~_ˋ ̽/7Z}rYUdP{FM7a7mp >J>m%Wyh+yϔ2QUk t-T~剂.%3HƗlKW4놲7f ""\KQ\/uQ4~p7K2Q{6a ógiKnuV+l %7]5|k\&8˦~_=_4UT:6'N&u@ecr/|_6*#97s{֒zC&ȳG')ya^cX{`<aj6f%jk8^{mOiu\DcEj߉ֆN=\' h%\UнY'Cyt6M%/:nrkxޅC3ݳ|rdĺH^Rpv/#j\OMNnyLl m}+w gv6޳pVE}Tϖ\&]!|ot)%g\}~v_CړN1c?yԈ;R!AY=ɿ4W])|ɭv ĭOlp[]{}ŸpnˡMHM?ʭuRTn{7s%"SuN$6[Od| wvHHm~4r<C}N㩭%ݫ+߫OeXAsZ3WeJ$yP6*]'d}RMt!B5۫¿F=[ o'H/-0{kOUc Vr/yX[]гheW{;t _Bl;MGЖ#8)pH-I~@h~gϗMw|=@Mn)%Oܓo)=[n~GuSzGR,bO[kI] Dž*v V z.&I;xu+;5`뢨4B[k"븨A؀vPMNQفh";֔dz_;yЋPT]a+]vrks3 ~5I;xVvPW7["v jv0q$;,Qفh";֔dzѡv"FhK~܍}q|}|Hǭtq }GD(~53an?bTrDuoQL!V%9m3nAy_1,,87 ðàçðÿäíûõ ñ÷åò÷èêîâ íà Õð i  1, çàïèñè çíà÷åíèé âûõîäíûõ ñèãíàëîâ äåøèôðà- òîðîâ íóëÿ â ðåãèñòð òðèããåðîâ Ñ i ñîñòîÿíèé ðàçðÿäíûõ ñ÷åò÷èêîâ, â ïîëó÷åíèè íà âûõîäå ôîðìèðîâàòåëÿ ýêâèâàëåíòà äâîè÷íîãî êîäà ñëàãàåìîãî S è â ïðèáàâ- ëåíèè êîäà ýêâèâàëåíòà ê ñîäåðæèìîìó ñóììàòîðà. Îäíîâðåìåííî ñ ïðèáàâëåíè- åì êîäà îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ âû÷èòàíèå åäèíèö èç ïîêàçàíèÿ òåõ ðàçðÿäíûõ ñ÷åò÷è- êîâ, êîòîðûì ñîîòâåòñòâóåò åäèíè÷íîå çíà÷åíèå Ñ i â ðåãèñòðå ñîñòîÿíèé. Хp 1 Хp 2 Хp 3 “ ПЗ ” “ П ” “ И ” 5 1 6 1 5 7 6 7 5 2 6 2 . . . 1 2 7 7 1 3 2 10 9 4 -1 Ст 1 1 8 1 -1 Ст 1 2 8 2 -1 Ст 1 3 8 3 2 Пуск Остановка D C 3 2 3 3 D C T T D C 3 1 T & 7 2 & 7 1 & 7 3 Ðèñ. 2. Îäíîøàãîâûé ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëü êîäà ÑÎÊ â äâîè÷íóþ ñèñòåìó ÑÒ ÑÒ ÑÒ 11 \xU[HTQ]w|(8ch}DDFebG"!(/+ "H"GO% )SӲQ:s b.,9^1Z!@%ӲD=j*6CT3S$ ǰ'I{3 Wf"UaAQqO[ amk9L>d'%¦|)1~O"‚ae wt3kFfw:ԃU^ݕ!pUKAHa5cvjR/A"D"kVYa7AhxLP.0Aϟ2 &cY'l>L:+lx)l('$B+1$#tfܳs' k<{'mWw.1r'odʺ [u)}ҭϚ)YOԜ{Rqs'W5-D2ɺ^:z^Ǟ{K|;1 {H]-0fU _owE_vMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:52  | g a5lt(162>/1mR{8x ^Uy0\L@&2@Bs! 1XZ.9ԟ )ؖ{WlQP=XFjy7= 6mq]gALYNs?Qh: S/b_7yP8[iU}QjiVP*=SCHw>)eV:Xj=gv3 ؐzyZ5ת=MM3<dd:' Og2) ny.uc۠nܛzvi#;Uq0ýS~|{Gb)N]6 h?LU8v?^컛Mvz[׆VMlyLشv`tIl:EM\;Go荸JoȻLoͦޮ@J-)ݵJ`S.Tc#zk򱳖,R}1ǣ;I_EYQ)-ӧ]2~z2ԃ O>gbW@l-XIu~*(=*ّLӺ0#9Jku둞oY\W)jNOkMJNPML!r,i;C:14Ҭhͽzt0*>dD7( [&Mm&;1|sr_LvO7}Z힫ĉ ZȞQY)Bٛ~u7$KΟ#Ф0{O:կRk;SE |mm1n=_՗Q 24ܖk_|}IwL?zw#/J.~w [$^u8{ŗ^xQ+/  *L^dyϘEk6'I6ݓ?6#Oj˫$6-%| [B[~-@,oLMޚI-yw)\Kޔ;U6i2p"Aɽ-!*;7{ gɼG;[:yN#K/s0AoTl1On6{Р$>UC֣7# tK.߳e,r]w^ɝw|+[w|n#*O 3߰e_!yW(Sֶ,}LK_yύ Vs'"oM6xlbyhۺX'h@VP`G`2}ֱ¦Ŋz}F(q82m⶟ lxBhîרٰ*taV"!ӫB^vM`tj5T[LWPר;+Ӆ¬땇LWk /Vj32PרBAg|NJvcի)A?-5j`^-/dzPר;+ӣWtڃLoVک5j`VJ%od:]q(SkjWLS{iC^vw{VvM.ǯNB9k1u&j:SaJI3ZOn=Ca"y3q:>v>|Y^+8xD {b=inɛ4KxuN΅ |e}=XΚ==ZΠJe0ᑹ!4<;:fiulР,R{y!x?!l'4W@n[3+cN],[ϦLџ]GKYݟ}9z^rQ۟M[Ɵm?)Jx)?SyWҟ}?fٱ@m6 EF.7=eރzKluHZ b[:] }޹yJg?]+YZx?B鴿Cbv]v-zL/ѷ.V~YqȫQ;NQrzZyU=QF!_jQ1209Uqȏ 7~&襫gK(zÍo{8]ٿON*xqCW1Xgț gnwtD<&]Vw\RLۋgpYioUZ gzh^oҩomo3Y8mN_f(~s1;WUvÉ s9Z蕟띬6sLgg:o\ge }>wK4HrĔ!Py I #]!.#t@lb0{N[--7idwغAfRi<2'{ӷ98'&q={Z%˒}6CoƖ.LOGfzW*/_֗_3;(gzAv%}%8uغoS>rߍ\ƿr3x,`<MгH31mНY@M $yZ  v ݣ+Һ-x$YD^_ 1/ eLZrl|k ;7s\[UCɓ>nOYM>yh;ynMyg*nX6ݡ;'%uO5ӱ)t*/Hj nzt_>,|66^1w- c|co1rUw^WY01f|lVlc c"1C# wqx[Be}/[}E1rNfRZKQ\?{5osO|/ =I):jv<c+ȁ{˅{{<LXuMxb^7<(C鹌[:y$nqEWWoVy' ?6&&(^\:r{AGU(/{B{2Dez"<~_ǟfx<47$vLٜ&߾uA^34 ڹh{[ Myڨi;Rh~)M~)*T޿&=-WFBk,~C>xQ M>==i)<ה[Uߏ~ܷ8ޏSsb>}=1:ܻ/qCb0x1~G ߖgtK>iN(H#34E4㘮?S\lLܦPKnϐŁ.{_V˲D@j+'EcsEi>6g #ִR͏.Ml~(MFx YO+-hCO(c#)WW26#oj";ޜEgy?ɻӡ~e>MF43/p[ڞۦmu ;cR-փv@ۀin+6|h=e mQg˂kb7+OJSe'?*R*ۘbX<bjx g"n @UmSy$5=Fl5&"c~Лnf|+#&:ĔN\k.˳C %d +_ dK yZl/cQ?)#knVg.^+E%6J u /|,_d4,'BytZ/9)GUHkS8>JMVU~.h[Ү"MоT.> p H ;Wzvה%ֶ/>l}>i}+Ծׇ򴇚}ab^t>mlOm?ؒDy@:occ{zHznoP(5AW;-y867Vyf閸+)ݪ^jjs{@U}CM*LԣK3>ҥ *XE fӴ\=}m" EwG:'@q3`+{ގ . ު>`2n8UHkiF'om/d,@-Eޤ_}I 嶉q;oPz#/sI;noM@$Q7%4!lu%4!l-š}~R f\Y;g@ 5j~ "[vWg ټ}ӱofng~Bv? agǿ $Bg 6<a_}$R z9;[o }H1<{8]ž.CP}0`!wU,>x ;ܡ>x胉c;ߕJ4et}XllѨ}0>&>hZ`-:;\Z"gkkvZd D^K"yvx9={b֌[K_/| *0ymE+zUV =>BH+f֞}wNxf~A6G=<;~;PsYb-}H_,Og6Nj/8!}+^V+|і⚙b:jJ={xXi{;Va52i _da9ih֠G:k*bdO)MGοۿ7Biڇr{KZgȸ]0#癸@'襦@yɃO{SK\VeC -q7{c/׻랶heI9-MPڎG8;Xh"/5ykUje|!xH%Vir3ty,:,:6! 3*-JȻDi|}ycG78_(dv?6^Fgg]y۞'  ^JiV:Ҟn7?Yv]eD"o_Q_)xBF5N1 ҸEȏqr-ƮS_t-uh֝mm nKyʖB[ۋxG(^ ɻPiƄi(ߨרx{~̏Sgb^Cێ|OY4pxJx!^R V^4*I^34]l;5CZO{9jꑼf\&t޺c}6YKw"z|OQ94Ά!#T6N~a&zuF ]ikQ9FnVRU[*zBM}rГ/e\mJ߱ E Ǐ4*I^34sI%4kfQ/D{9MІȃS0䴯F8x-J|s(*o /ӄo6}\c2e;Y3~EA=xvR J>wìJe2J}?mȅ~+O3.g=eàoh@:S:ƴfHˇvbnmu(pƘQ#2oݵ֢b坭*(/os)blv:/?y4grkajfߚ}&ӗ,Kf6(9NZ^Zȫ({{뜲ԣτ<ɣ^#; uֽi;.Ң}[eBrM&,;lv3Y4ub7?} S|1{{[_OfM<4ːk^(gL=1'u[Ϙo?ϊKP]= /tF0<}`ɉ#;\52;3_oKHoWOϾ]ݡ(GWy+GOEޔ|'s/ /q\~26|=%) ZtTf@m`.=Smn3;/C}\շiemEk 6kkg2f9*;~qf.sKs̷uޝҪWf]a({9d>\e1;(徶яAޖ=˾w^}4=vYG' g莾{.nq_I9guzo*&sHR~pR:qbӧ|w-ov}I&vݦO}Bwv^v]*zoڥr[FnsR-2' 1~Oupe} LDݦuR?a^OVf+E]b{[B{p=#U֓%Zg(kɴ[OiTPKޢ b;{b&*@|rSzF<|tǘUkS Ka\s1]DvSRwn<ݱAcxU ryk9|ߗcٚ -L| Z s=8֖ccߕc.ȱ/̱玎9;ɱ)Hn=F6}9v ;c#"c;"ߗؗؗh"KWc~c;lPW>4ǎao&v~("lIDՅW>O<}71bOҞ^;Ğceo˾Y'cPPW̵?`w,l`5p,l֡`uh,lւ``,lc`X,lD`&5Q,l%`.uI,l`_c6l<6sd#96T<56sE+\165|-*Ι yPa3w ➅ϕ3'gZ>gF%ɗ$U<k:b/=kO=ba~q{U?^#~b{U?peTw6l^#~bQ{U ;!?׈F?|g~F٠^#~;e;w6B~ 8FqЮvk9- lS@1CC{EiL>؜;ֹ;)ߜs`s~e|^`W,96>G,񷁍 lm؜s6>s`sl}c ?#o}͹9K8 6>X|sl}͹X|_*Wc͹96>bol|`ۍ7>؜7~e+_9ߜs`s#Ƨ 6>X|sl}͹X|O:c͹96>1_>c͹96>b}G}X|sl}͹X|kٕ^=X|؜*?*91T|woo}Ǘ%sϹY;6k`Y86PY:46kAY Z061Yz,6k"Y͚(6Yͺ$6kY 6s<6sd#96T<56sE+\165|-v8o[WCͼe; vqg 8)> >{}ܠ<45أ=n2|8z٥ ԯ⹏ߨsùkOsߨsùnp~}>B~\o*~8?qF~8Q>s!?7yd~8?qF Ź*p~8ù5g(}sù}PO]߀OsS;)UR_*!Oטx_8k |,nw.#s[{EiLb\ ؜;ֹˁ_.ߜs1`s.{" 'oŀ͹9o`d,96b\L,񅂍/l|\ ؜s1`O 6~Xs1`s.l7>`8ߜs1`s.& 6X|s.lŀ͹X|7c͹96bbl`w7b\ ؜7>?ߜs1`s.&7~7s1`s.lŀccl:f#ߜs1`s.&g}g7b\ ؜ŷU<s1C7KC7bob͹ٲopXB !f 6Xج50جcau(جCca جcaجba&5جba.u جKba6ج ba3?9ca3G92̑ca3Oy*Sca3W"ca3_ba 6f0Žwq7|D6*V\ 45;aHRƓbB8C=RhW\L}VηTù\Lȏ5'9ηTù\Lȏ 7~8Rbs1!?7|K?ńp-Up.~8z}\ p.&|K~8? q[\Lȏps1U^vteWnTna0}us:`sNXtO6~X|sNl9 s|`e,96tN,񏂍l؜s:7 6Ys:`sNlc0/o99K' 6>X|sNl9X|8_P7t؜Ӊ7xŃ/>ߜs:`sN'>s:`sNl=ك=X|sNl9X|6`o99vq{X|sNl9Xfl}f'ߜs:`sN'ZWN,Cl w ߜ*k7tn}ǧڟd`Z}_=O# ]y7>߱|Kߜ˂oXG񷀍{"do%sl;l|=dAzbl%sL`g?S,gB9~X2ocv>.d %sl;񯁍 lk2ǿŒ9 6|KƷ6X2Ƿ!s|{d6| `ǒ9~E+_1+"sb, `7رdOl|`ӌ%s|&2ǧK`7 v,O*Sc*2ǟƒ9 6|KrƗ 6X2Ǘ"s|d6| `ǒ9~d#sE?22ǏK`7 v,6c9>ldÎ%sl;񟃍ld.Nzd^K!699C%s J *vg~^4 ۉ#W8]n+{J^F"~;N~g;Z@k>In0xMV_zӞzIQq(,Rap~&9ϯg'W&$W%W$'9u⭋G16cs[fI26uQOvFϴ^{߹0K$k.L˖MEfw+>`”W:\ܐ!6 t^U_l: #wpslm[?&9=o%[|Fޙ6>F/ M~uM~g#z5ߥݬ0_9[V<~xȻZiȮKx+|%>$uՒJ;T_\l`".;M궻h?ճ?0,,88 Îïèñàííàÿ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü ýëåìåíòàðíûõ äåéñòâèé ïîâòîðÿåòñÿ íà êàæ- äîì òàêòå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ ÷èñëà, êîëè÷åñòâî êîòîðûõ îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ìàêñèìàëü- íûì ìîäóëåì p i ìàêñ .  îáùåì ñëó÷àå ÷èñëî òàêòîâ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ N 4 = p i ìàêñ -1. Áûñòðîäåéñòâèå äàííîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿ íå çàâèñèò îò ÷èñëà ìîäóëåé ÑÎÊ. Ðàññìîòðèì ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå ÷èñëà (2,2,5) èç ÑÎÊ ñ îñíîâàíèÿìè (3,5,7). Èñõîäíîå ñîñòîÿíèå: Х 3 Х 2 Х 1 С 3 С 2 С 1 Эквивалент Сумматор 5 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 6 0 0 0 Ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ ïî òàêòàì ñëåäóþùàÿ: 1 такт 4 1 1 1 1 1 106 106 2 такт 3 0 0 1 0 0 15 212 3 такт 2 0 0 1 0 0 15 227 4 такт 1 0 0 1 0 0 15 242 5 такт 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 257 Òàê êàê ñóììèðîâàíèå âûïîëíÿåòñÿ ïî ìîäóëþ Ð=105, òî â èòîãå ïðåîáðàçîâà- íèÿ ïîëó÷èì ÷èñëî À=257 mod105=47 10 . Óâåëè÷åíèÿ áûñòðîäåéñòâèÿ ïðè ïðåîáðàçîâàíèè êîäîâ ÑÎÊ â äâîè÷íóþ ñèñòåìó ñ÷èñëåíèÿ ìîæíî äîñòè÷ü â ñõåìå äâóõøàãîâîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿ, èñ- ïîëüçóþùåãî àäàïòèâíûé àëãîðèòì ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ ñ äâóìÿ øàãàìè 1 è à (à>1). Âíà÷àëå, êîãäà âñå èëè íåêîòîðûå öèôðû Õð i  à, îáíóëåíèå ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ ðàçðÿäíûõ ñ÷åò÷èêîâ âåäåòñÿ ñ øàãîì à; çàòåì, êîãäà âñå Õð i <à, ñ øàãîì “ 1 ” . Íàèõóäøèì ñëó÷àåì ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ ÷èñëà òàêòîâ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàëè÷èå â ñòàðøåì ðàçðÿäíîì ñ÷åò÷èêå ìàêñèìàëüíîãî çíà÷åíèÿ Õð i ìàêñ -1 è îäíîâðåìåííî çíà÷åíèÿ à-1 è çíà÷åíèÿ -1 â îäíîì (èëè íåñêîëüêèõ) èç îñòàëüíûõ ðàçðÿäîâ.  ýòîì ñëó÷àå ÷èñëî òàêòîâ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ N 5 îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ïî ôîðìóëå: N p а а i макс 5 1 1           , ãäå ] [ – îçíà÷àþò îêðóãëåíèå äî ìåíüøåãî öåëîãî. Äëÿ íàõîæäåíèÿ îïòèìàëüíîãî çíà÷åíèÿ âòîðîãî øàãà à, ïðè êîòîðîì ÷èñëî òàêòîâ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ N 5 ìèíèìàëü- íî, âûïîëíèì ðàñ÷åò N 5 äëÿ ðÿäà çíà÷åíèé ð i ìàêñ =7,11,13,17 è 1  à  ð i ìàêñ -1. Ðåçóëüòàòû ðàñ÷åòîâ ïðèâåäåíû â òàáë. 3. Èç òàáë. 3 ñëåäóåò, ÷òî îïòèìàëüíûì äëÿ ð i ìàêñ =7, 11, 13, 17 ÿâëÿ- åòñÿ çíà÷åíèå à=3 èëè à=4. Ðàññìîòðèì ðàáîòó áûñòðîäåéñòâóþùåãî ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿ êîäà ÑÎÊ â äâîè÷íóþ ñèñòåìó ñ÷èñëåíèÿ (ðèñ. 3). Ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëü èìååò ãðóïïó ðàçðÿäíûõ ñ÷åò÷èêîâ 1, ãåíåðàòîð èìïóëüñîâ 2, ñîäåðæàùèé ïðÿìîé “ Ï ” , ïðÿìîé çàäåðæàííûé “ ÏÇ ” è èíâåðñíûé “ È ” âûõî- äû, ïåðâóþ ãðóïïó òðèããåðîâ 3 ñîñòîÿíèÿ, âòîðóþ ãðóïïó òðèããåðîâ 4 ñîñòîÿíèÿ, êîìáèíàöèîííûé äâîè÷íûé ñóììàòîð 5 è ðåãèñòð 6 ðåçóëüòàòà, îáðàçóþùèõ â ñîâîêóïíîñòè íàêàïëèâàþùèé ñóììàòîð 7, ãðóïïó ýëåìåíòîâ È8, ãðóïïó ýëåìåí- òîâ È-ÍÅ 9, ãðóïïó äåøèôðàòîðîâ íóëÿ 10, ãðóïïó äåøèôðàòîðîâ 11 ïðåâûøå- íèÿ, ãðóïïó øèôðàòîðîâ 12, ôîðìèðîâàòåëü ýêâèâàëåíòà 13, âêëþ÷àþùèé â ñâîé ñîñòàâ ïåðâûé 14 è âòîðîé 15 äåøèôðàòîðû è øèôðàòîð 16, ýëåìåíò ÈËÈ-ÍÅ 17, ãðóïïû ýëåìåíòîâ ÈËÈ 18.  ñîñòàâ ôîðìèðîâàòåëÿ ýêâèâàëåíòîâ 13 òàêæå âõîäèò ãðóïïà ýëåìåíòîâ È 19. р i макс Значение второго шага а 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 7 4 4 4 5 6 11 6 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 10 13 7 6 6 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 17 9 7 7 7 7 8 9 9 10 11 12 13 Òàáëèöà 3 0x{lTE-v[liFP-EZ#B Ġ1>`Q !VQ HQ|6@Р(TC#Fs;\ F|9s̙333!'\vDf+EEg$ejhZ7 # jC}g;#39 ,)WEbap-h'?<" ~wsqd$!SDY}~A>Y^t 1)gly42"mْ']w*6șhׂD'RƝ-LsAWdDdmF̝k9/~Tʄ#]9EunʭɌ m Ce 'AWڽ "/_)7wn\ ۤKΡXЦ}|OL:/ĥM\; uF}5îW=TƖm q8Kv'pHeJiwrG 3fߔٸE uT; 9y4|g))։rZʯ` =k9mm9(r UpupKn9 _Q` 6x>L'_^uE)-G~PٽPTc|4&'AsPN8lu?v]/LU@c̕(?;N̽ou`6lg\r s~a?u \ #,v e"6qf5E 6mVv#&9Ew$i5t-=GOo+ Y~닁rtw3@X?&;fDA4I 5>>1rnN+G:Zȕy`u=󋶕XѕN)kDrY^Ldo'-j?}&sP~5<~KuEߏonrO/(7 ]E\x5ʹbsuZl̝LցFi"_y_t1vgͽkݧq䍾WP-c悽yU*6e1(c̍x\vRi~\\F1+89lBnJ1WQ2G?QAy)US>t2w,Rz'_'9ˑAHw|#9+nJK}_3Xn[_;߶|[7`,1OCpl͍涻~za뛈]eɼ/'6IesxkPsO0a 3f @cɅ0a 3f $Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:52  0 TE(162>/1Hu{#xݝ նrgPAÌFTܕQQ 7 nIbрFb"F% qÈq>MM=̝i8}:SIywґ)ϛrϻZV>JN#w[9wO7{A7S=6dboۋK)qIi^QީNtg]Knmj#1)mG[?L+u) PjPjRQVo"2gǔrJqt@[}`y=}5|0k r]٭`iČއ{[n)^-tgy^/Y=z_{7ͶO9-;)G9Xۏ:֓ӮyrpH z+kS[sFAZ=:^TsA:'3joVp̺z*~yYmV6c:m'qdi%>򣸉ݾ Lrs?owIބ'浓+YMqYSrq5B/\nNiqKi/TKUn"&2f{\!] n+[rc_!oأ2#7߫_Kb}-T޶J˕XrbW} ~'P.V;ʙ}9$q/5dkXCձPgG|GMK$Cryv>l{p|n#=}Ρp61;0۰q-ovr I;|@]63y:7cI|U.XH$~`_z+Ėotm_>Y?GУKuL"3*C}Ng>$ Xc:^;8irsMT}γ:'a ۥpjmsf* .S~(t;F2.%a<(~/ָ̿'g:ogչ6^&8>O7ݛ>]=nml\곶9mur~?u]%ط녞%tz:k 7γ97/,ŮK5jVo]LjTvU&(RdO.sWS]z 6e$y?yƝtg1`a}W_YY roqFFjJٺzz{Y߸ 6tJv7|Ze}:1;oqOego7;@{p|1Ng秩dC uuRg:X}ϫ)n)aHǛR닌D ڟ/פnm2Gi%"uM}IK=y!Wu*̩-#\sK>un:Mt0kexy_Cu!Sg'1Bo(U>iT7Z7|s| ],Ƒ>Ƒf1}5\g68rz!ɠ_UV\u|I=IpZyʖ:yd"Χ9:S]U>+?^s7Ge$[EA^+|_u#i7:<u.pQ'ȅCNigf=l4vB6=l]g+o6G瓼bS̾nrV6ʶ9[])yO_P<8F=HsdѳM;cvX9 ei^ 8e cOǬ=KÝͩ,-[o VqGX5akVhcLϮw1ʬuG[\H,cua d8q.0عVi5*s9yz_ǭn#b00.R. ?]/*o?$ oz 4c4Ͻ,mgl^m -̨z6UK,>gtFa:6i8nc<~yC3"mc4}u&QsA~]ηs8F"$pS7p̵{ʏR7>zDu[便9}+(sigf/*ŋ{|zW)qɶ_Be6+/o|8c\k5 s[˳$Ue=n&[f?#q1Xg7T߄|>Z[گOe/*3c6oֱt$|}E/WC;8V^?H6fKvbγ1+þ#ͷOe}+Ps^ ߺWy,S\r>czʫ]#rC@}g^,I|kny_asOGXɳ>o琇.)cϹ;ߎS!m)y<-;[#8km|OOi:uOI֞*sK3~iM7gdd~{%O*'gIOQ$?u+5۸'qd{`c~a>oll5-l %ڙ 7r2_st(6uZO=~=쳅oujh}&*'= RYy&aO++s==}|aj5Jq~{⎫+k<;{ܭ~żb=ݔ}6WlYK=;gcojO/yyM>sT/oz-Qof הwN_L!Z<=SVvFӛw%y۽V.zyHOؘSMOyl.-֨w1N7U!9t,|?🹇1SY!nQc]?qey];R9f8&Vᄭm!9=:w-qu7ŜU~rq\%)s}NPO/|.vmd>qψ>A9u$q]a狒rѩAqpݖ8M|\ufjN祋"ݮF"/J¯?8F$5ǵL%pMӋ=f(}OxC̢zye)䎻x|A|%7d. ,yUCUFx^5C')}zVԬ:?3p hO$Fz3wm2)N\[gz[s}Uh1*FMshz13'%:ڨ6s̝wx*?8OZMK6(Clᴡ]'z -f=u2Nll.g\.n\*gm_Z[~Gڮ:T~sJޥ1b1,wVR϶rأGfcA٢ɾ\X\<]vJ,XNȷC-#6:ҋ:?η᫸Ƿͽy6܎ƖTml~UҷqmǷ1ؘ*2 :%_*_{E:2j&W\>[\Xpbe VP/W/wQZcsoUůQ1<@o{Η%ћ+Q~^[wؔoW\|t_u{{7z~}I-&?Οu`o5sյ锳{?H}u:X揩b0:3!evͶO~D3BHn.r S*rqʠonN~4IW_mU%*s܈NjJuW\_ermT_]bV9}YwJ5v_v$FqO!= r}רkZ26lqM>ljE:EY(2%Tq\TQ]YJbOep L.OWOq }:xvq^$ dfZoPej찵K$tO?=L3TskxS^FW{ZLkgɩZC|e:?.^~[3MsژSݜ]Ez}}_sox Zcu*UWIҮZ974{s+T9i#%/ݷhhouЦ`Ǹ$#: kx^}|ؾS+WKia~ZudrC)g仑(+>bu1_k)c`?%gN?|w̍#j;7']P_\N.!`DV}#"Nve)zQd*R _%ҿtRerja5.+1Kv\}0^/l+K;4l.գI|w>c;ȫ3C:7ٕ"װ,>o21jrPA>X]Jv9Se-|S؛m|⒉J^Kg<0Kx>š*3|g 50]rC"}kVc²od}nfZVKw q` l;7jl󛔰er Uw >uhB6w Y_[lK+x'u,^umm>6uMV@a˚af8x\.CV!!'pyx't$]kxeCRw+i[g Ywu\ Y\;]s{un:/\՜'k3tP;Z,{ע7:@-LTvFxu嗸^ԫ{.=?8"ի"ׄR|}}U޳+՗%}ຢOE~5-uc}-NK:yCmZrf:8s5K>q[a%w{.ZK{gNݛk|4\\y7wbzyHqZ;Yo?]s﹜s9Ko=Y𖸁ͮg.gt'ʑqdmbtai &n A4ߕio[ztjp7SF<3/\M#K~Dk$wI+5 18Tep}NY?5HJ<0/cz[TzS<`Cϝ95\XrN}"2 fs+^Õ/5&IJk7 Ti#RG"p,#֓ވ]JI\v;"P}]b \2"k]\6׍H_S|W:ٹ~}ğGw:+6 \4\U^\$_q@z7剫^N8d> )g 2rWi|Mw ֵu/ȧ>[8!tc&*J c[n&ދcc ˸8Te>>_kkc2mFϧGHF2M?̆*5!,ayʑe{M˽Z%s}6ӏ^яcp,<\.\my6ݹ:?kzI5~=s#4aF8{r(\>[؞ȷp|yͪ{zA{[X mO.5٢8{Hqm?%#_x 4FeNƞ ۓ՞8{'<"pY\bO܎Vm%\ޔ>ۻ~IڻDk|:]"z.5qaӻ9Ӥot5F oElq $eNnǤ\ՠ|b3E.E`c7扫^_ly5ox8?KtJ`:>[/VTl7)MT"^l[%w:6Zim?ċKC)k=CxEx$xr摎ċG"^Zxø) zJo*l\2_cb""DgOMHE-^sٿfOċ"DXh{ ?|`xp ~djO}qD=/ykr#b=/bOċa\ċ'r7DȼI\$3^|N*M_fs}Q|eW pm֯:ctjsWa,-ĸ>Vu†]ۧNݻѕz4cOw4W. H.>Hr/սR!CøTiN+F)n}fk]ef:XñWHaQۑ*;Ze/Ur덹[+k>fݱ3[:ցIR!#lygtҚ--<2U&H_}}[a0;r˃C{zq|ߛ6kt%ptcDG}c~}3-?{9Qo}%W&e'Gg mW1އ;s%_&+ 95}}߾CZ?n"')Ed[7wZ?vV.Z&~Иd,U\Cu38WruY5P'yz-^oub[)Y,i\秆+?F`Ѿ\X\[8#t?o%HӨT{rq}0|?=d=);֯򷏢)W/*zs J\v+Y_ElZ{])DϗNJoSN2,;1q?&S!o&wq~p> .\6S1I v.lc'\#s3''#3G5ʒoH<3<ȽA|BsHkzll'my]DݞƺՖes* n=`?|{`݊&J0Nےt6|;%շǥ({bNzs岧BYz)ng(\$5>zZŒGG֦;jvVc۳${zTS䳅?|מȷw:Q<;k3}Ϩ?\IzCWmbz(\EyCTn/}[QjPݞr;IfcCMA:lUE{5&}ᅲdLjah/V/~3A:Hs}sl/Pn{{Jf`Cң6;yU1Ώߧ:W$Nfg\ lLFh<:c.\f'WՂq҈_J7[Lo2؞r+ ͱ4zoIw0:>[/d>x)+6-K=}0^ /N\ 6pIåS"m.K1 Ri1rb?V`u%Re/ 0R}wɷl*zϒ%O0u^z试)-ku:ia:TEH KG~ꝣz*E7e]=em$wVabg} uڂqJ2~Q/JDK%ww^z%wLﹶ7;;Y\kq^við̗ǧQփ!cn5}.in |tJ=}0^,vh7)MT:M͒K.S,$e}WLx`Nձ~!~Z˦5Z9t=unZI)5l4TmhQ>e̔dL]lVֱ/HjWŽJ8Q)ld2kS%Mwma;MxɷMԉR06u$6G iS.UͧouF)tw\j,%ëyacD^:7Qg~w{d`2)61|S[|k_*+)}|:T63xLj%зzSu_>Ǯ iOa\* }`y/fw_UsIjW taF뭽:dmh7h}6 ~öx7ros qS6+ckw> ҝKlXW)Rzy\P)UI};N8Ir$Qn=:5g;MsplDža׶µ]⸮q:5INH>.,n[Z8.p<; y?fӵ1jR{ꠜ U;G\G=}0^NMͶO<)-UBAtB\_8Te77X8w\*JtLR}gy&<QBog1Svyw)kֆvgs16uaf}eo &d6#/W@[V?Y.o~cχfkvF9J?OZ0*+ :^1쳩 ioxs{}Ɵi05_Z;:K^7쳅oe|í°J4BaÕt7_n572ec;)=8fʑr?Q{/(qY|pki~qA`}AnJD6[/W8~Rʌ.X<]X5Gm߼[0^ZǭfOý¥$k?`myRoik?Rtnȭ?(g?PnJmƌ|C?::krrwdeGQk8kWYkXá'.kp8r8bMԃݳlv|ldj2'n]}SY۴r,r5yﬞ8~w:r$:P5=~-W>J̛lfLm6Aogz%11VNcȵ^bv jn$irR8Ym Nן\fN\ ωjBC^ HWǼ^ Oo;m|J᚛2*)&8n|H~б$_ї1:>ĩ_A0Zv5*zXB}cMmC]V'Eq.T{ S;m\*n pMi`nᚓ8g|\/7Sj}%o ,|U,<[c$H]oH)=&{>?K-UJ>9uOj}\.s_p(._+ԛyW?S6MMi$*Xe}ςr:K( 9ɵY1:;|ӽ. y6gwʻMyJS*uCU}s[Q'1@HqKt1=cP)ELϸYD?L8~|ۗ:$+VbP!Y gưJ?*Vp*ʁn+.Ma_)ʹ6:Ma[;˻/^6Eթ~7>MH{#aҦ\>蛛ߙ6EKܱ7}]kUZBo,Ir̮[-6k[a ƌ&d0fʑך qy)4;gիVZ\GUI齕VP˾NHV2\p͵#שv)k%/\/׋"V`%{6tԘԢqm)LG)otj⣙G½dI4P|Pl>G6D[G|,u6fl=0v9aVPa|K9tEui,ᐺ{ ^QXy+ȸP=]mA2M(6C6f88d\5ZZ.T|'H^P?V[kzxg((,]}XzY-VNzmRlX3cvIrqZ\8=(<0fb;;SXy'N\.z(Y fl .Z6kz#VlQy}wyK?Ew6ω\qѩz+\u|7qu|"P\ԕ:"\CKdz>SJ'$Dx^މ_ڵxEBDQzAgO r<75'wkili,i}=z9Vǥ3~kD"į-q=y;r3mz4=F)i\ڬlLjDDLJ|~I>${^Åk1|g#ϋFz¯哼 ʓ~)== i&/ٞ0.|}~z+O)I}#wsǃ%oq/Lb;rfO+{Ѵq2~(^O:@_; .>.Ab3#ep{L:a58xg F'5;xue8MW~4~IO徾fz#ҥz*8ql׽ }?~[Y=wV=ϟfzg?3?kݤ^Qb݂MKi ֢'ʚOMb(ggj% %eG^{z /la[E&*zU] )bš*(=_>@HqKt}(%HkTRK*>7/Ao[Vgp>ݞԪj%KW55[/VW&*ןJI:F .UWӝW_gHL_&J+zd+.ůWxkRձcj|z\eu|lo{$|HptV.S87|\gU.q?J9\7>?71ۼz7WvQw" [|\wU/}믃5Jq#W?܏\o&32f);Te 4Gmrw߫Wƽo0+Lf Йmnl2X)l+޹V~VkS2צs a¦PZL6^M]PEM=!}z rT^6l L Y|ljua*]XJyȹIvڼW>.}ǵKsŻV%.?}-|xAzW_kUC_OY~C53Y\?'MMk@_H_䥯z9\sl!lk}+I,w|u)'F5E][Y7&| xMrOIߛ$,uBn<*[ѷ:XG1RqMټKw{KFj;2Φ*77&r:j,Y}X6$Xʑ+:tBv]>\C }wjGy\k*wl {t4ܣ;UR(շԆn=:5_:f~jDq6>>CR:$Dq]E +[1>$dv-|I عO>>AR>z. IMU?-hІTluJ:Z>8 /la^K͕ yz /la[Y`7)R%8aY[gYxxՖwWÙH{|5O1# V=pnl9_wog#pY\jZLR/q=ajwǴfu=.o#?)t1JzwambY:w_ioo~x6Qw{ g]`c"+=&ƩﺎC9z"|=~}rlvzv~rp+=1š5gg%r}Ż/+#xFiM֟oxH63\cJo5\> GJKeԩ}Y._v$i.F+ #1bq 6ލ.F+Ctƻ"0Zr:F}Zߍ~[UCEU -=O^gO6gq !!IޓU'x$ ?>{S㻽 8k2I\<s!]Dq-e2\37__3' qmRL.>.fŅ_ :kR}񝅇{6Jݫ&wW4~]禮Ro?;K5뿉X]h; \ 7G)Dq}y(Q7JmRrpp$<|_>Kޫ?^ aX1-K8p(ڮtFvW% pݪ@_ە"=/Dq1`J^}wK빒}KH_ZGxRۘs%K.(.K(=]Z5utu~¸Y4.[*Y7 O qΏS?RqPޒzNvjIFxxOf%^,Wk+wMzjp?ɔ?UmR㸗xY@RBv=m#"<: \SSSS'%J\'UίL21\;!^{(L Ƶ5Cc?[ K,Ւ$\O |TdqQrwzMxŻ** Ls*Mt~RX%u6"wuJX+c|w &yYsEqEs^ޔ\ Š;?|huޙlp]wӈt!%.|F)nLT_=G5~|,O#㟮Gp=$ރ,WynqlW>)xչGΛ]&ZM {//?i5`mK-32yH`D둢 ҏ=ii#.<A}H׍ch\kVdUTX*}\UzMzKp D_X^u׮/}\s\?LW~]dU#|.(Ql a_w/5Q~'_vWdqZ&?/ '##!.qݝZQEwq$~bߦv/X" Ӕe3]GUZ-pU 7J+>nW/X!_J*QNK*⹾[1%%Rz7(v'1uTD6xŕ'S׻nRau}5 8$^;=qjH-~n>c{}A_Iٕ}JϮ[*TxZz*{55\q!$5^gVJ LgkE'I\[ Z%ϮԷ$!:%ʍR^LvOt]}g}l#}wZ[~(}rEqԼ~Vң*{Z6b/اM6z?ا^;_ p[~sʾL"o\}O(5ӊ?Dסf]l?T}*]l_g-e߅QJ|\/ʴvd)Im\1<˻eA|*գo׫qӬ-~sǟ}lg#-yq^Ҟޒ^zɷ?.^=5fmzǍԃz.t߯F13uOڇshhsm+[~OoO12טf%m3.Ȉ`|\y3"E1VjfJs録=8V3А6Ʒ^ih(.QpkV| ¦*9=8|++D/Umh`SH;fOA%[%ŻSq S ;X"V;2;@فړe|jqg㒮p~It0|uDvv@=[]`EG?4v0\#ٚ4d ivTAd[B2\vО(;-0)NTD1[7^U1T"%| z iJ(*%M$H];x㡬̕ljJJ2q'Tb>Zvp2\hƸ=a; 6w>SDiSqȵm5lBl#;N;9޻_yˑGdkq9r_Gl+GU 2#NXE{񲧱隣/ \qC/S_2>fҸrpY6JnY.#תJppd[9A$Dq}X~=a?*X*)m|Y_Y]d>"G./~6ljqeߊz\>ޯ/(7$ǃU>"#2;ɏGܶ"8I;Hy]XRM1}&?:xdIsƏhZ:Z)YӅުgC/|ݸfim/eb쾦j@f=iv{/TYyYmVٽ{wjO~k,e+ω\:V%Ns5Yo⚨8s奠lH_6xylYv^CZ=./ ɶGש}x8^oKr^.##7KPDN^Ṳ~n7񷫫*.ir|~KF}zV́ Gܜ&n"㸉ٞ07ǫO^f\!L}b׺|2un{xɵ1 l,,89 Ãðóïïà òðèããåðîâ 3 ôèêñèðóåò íåíóëåâîå çíà÷åíèå ñ÷åò÷èêîâ ñîîòâåòñòâóþ- ùèõ ðàçðÿäîâ. Ãðóïïà òðèããåðîâ 4 ôèêñèðóåò çíà÷åíèå ñ÷åò÷èêîâ ñîîòâåòñòâóþ- ùèõ ðàçðÿäîâ, ïðåâûøàþùåå çàäàííîå ÷èñëî, íàïðèìåð, äâà. Øèôðàòîðû 12 ðåàëèçóþò ñëåäóþùóþ ôóíêöèþ: Y Х а Х а Х Х а        , ; , , ãäå Õ – âõîäíîé êîä øèôðàòîðà; à– ïàðàìåòð, â ÷àñòíîì ñëó÷àå ðàâíûé òðåì. Öåïè èíèöèèðîâàíèÿ è ñáðîñà íà ÷åðòåæå íå ïîêàçàíû. Êîä ñîñòîÿíèÿ òðèããåðîâ êàê ïåðâîé ãðóïïû 3, òàê è âòîðîé ãðóïïû 4 èìååò 2 3 =8 çíà÷åíèé îò 000 äî 111. Ôîðìèðîâàòåëü ýêâèâàëåíòà 13 ðåàëèçóåò ôóíêöèþ Ðèñ. 3. Äâóõøàãîâûé ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëü êîäà ÑÎÊ â äâîè÷íóþ ñèñòåìó 1 “ ПЗ “ П “ И 2 . . . 13 1 4 & 19 1 & 19 2 16 1 5 . . . . . . 5 1 6 1 5 7 6 7 5 2 6 2 7 2 6 2 0 2 1 D C 3 2 3 3 D C T T D C 3 1 T & 8 2 & 8 1 & 8 3 D C 4 2 4 3 D C T T D C 4 1 T & 9 2 & 9 1 & 9 3 11 1 10 1 12 1 1 С +1 -1 V 18 2 18 18 18 18 11 2 10 2 12 1 2 С +1 -1 V 18 18 18 11 3 10 3 12 1 3 С + 1 -1 ÑÒ ÑÒ ÑÒ 1 17 15 14 “ Ï ” “ ÏÇ ” “ È ” xW[lTU]2jiKہk;Z")1$g@ !`K|}X!F>L/P$HbH [AJBi)TRyht:ΜsgZj$+k}}oY5c'1uD8`-/l)9lq`Vʺ=\]gðac2^ cktcNc!!`Fl!pOAvUg'wbPX=ڹǙB%ÎOq5uQ9yp*K#jMVAbZ"XTX*=)G:2fb)>!:,,k-zڵٓ!#]X;A3"o !(B o/ hVQx/ˤU@-G-L3|c7q|5 8{O߻ N'4rvO%Fs-y.hA~k2rX?W5y?QE %8.iwKDmٷ i:&n(b썛2.{#.Eؗ"B!*U & ل& 1Q7Uj}&P]}iMЂFLPޭ{ww…&+J)ɒ?񲑌OqL'މFݨ&Q>j3i/-/Վޘ˶'rTdsOU_֢SՔzWLUz2g'SYֶӿt !?0YMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:52  Dj0 b4jJtϤ W' sEIYɅO ĺݎuZ>M{dc!*.gz1/;&Kt˧Yg⛼KeomLg+42ReJ>MCR,3\WjQA ͎i3;Ff-QP:k\+럛}F2Z{ToY2pdi)u_tIҘ| 6猡6T tL=w|ihq~"S'cv^5Nn T:|8ht2οhbi϶&^(x܆ Ci g>?ٲӪqO55K5YyӪ ZYGYS2\LOWILxT5S+YjM}%WV iqڰ,yhMDSUE%cJy`ovۚr}1oܥ>Mj 7g5|sJzWZMj y~oR!޶Vomw~w7k@`Mm:ldG' :&o,uo2Dݏ|~(RiAQvWus.MIrä/kM{$M{bMbJmV}VFlt"m]5١̳DF˶nܳ鈋G>pĂ̽eV c7t|Jd[FiId:$Fi?99|B#NX,I蝪zzǩeMG+]OLF%a.PJF U3{|}6֬*R*Fm 4h~DmFsmrh^Ѽ!oPEoC&6U{C m"4}93_ϡ3m"4}9h>Cx"4}9۩U]a]m;wyL-4/-+94(K?UI/#|imhl]F9tm Jӵ):E/ vzrFsj_rh-?U]d;l0Aoݔ{*+Vh|9GU̓>GOsyOt.rs(G@M|>Hיkw̓%>SwYߡzگKe 9lo6`7mxʻO]=7vB AGZ8ge2bIF {TQH_;PK"t_s;h/RZ\!Zx\mo4 */h&§ybE-4(ܬڧ٠RIgi^om4m͗Y5Zzj_^;ei濫i.EC-4/мNO'ʽEhy;UߔgV7=C+ʡ>hn̡f]m!4ٹ͗3w5%iR SUd ӵ~~`Ʈ,ꄸK|]E*t꧹J\b1pwKWpmLnjt9vrt~umƵ㑇 maoJѸ-ՔDhUCv&m*8Yу3ΡK1&9\/WxOd4gмJ7j)9Dt_CZ٬!E}b#4'i W3|cb4}{~R~j|Q8RvVwu4̡^ %4OP5g=d4?C†h5go=)F_D ݏ͡yk}\@?rhVEh^`"45zF i&H>NW^Y[?gI}k[hdl|{SnݟH]:`Yηe-d[mVۣo_Кrm/NJJD{U[#`S [TrnVιQ}b6GNt zڂ4g~j_(Nݧc94/Qn>Q]{\âOshHc=hʟy_>kLNqa[?NJtljܣ8R)wݟH.o[|_~Nv'2N'U~kҤ"H h9ƨb:Wswoݳ]h\}{E+=]QzPCVT<.5Ku.|}vPg>_w;DmLO>ɺnO%$ 5Py\Ǹ5/胗򚥾1|^u]]}UR9REd7)k 0*fwl65ߧ@:0>D:cR-J{Kkeh*.et9S4F_._=tSׅ"atYEK4Ѕwh|]C5?.uhlj7oL:76&_N֪e}Yohs*MKwF6%iz>'ʌWUE辒C ~ ȓֶ;y7Xk3ИF1q鱍B6s{s92y+Zb vRiy?;&dדW_e #;e· KCvܬSLvT$NY6BU)|t_ם>t/S]x&OE ]~B_]*ŔE]I`_z ke@վ.eŔS|]Ch~hS_S3|8^ُvnrGۻ:X\GLwZdu\Cx"w贼چ-. Է6D?hFɡe}d{dp;]R@\AƟ6O2а}o {kփ:[~ZLv[okКS:_Mkw}֦m/kU)`LmZyjͳQcQ)٠gX/Bd{ZdR{qV̵56Pۚpl6yжv8>@~w ;Oh<~yx9•6ᖺ?w螒FmƆakv{uZ >tks%.a>q}lFkFf1ۙoX?FlΡ zԖb]{tKaLJ^LS봧'{E߸-^b |H4bC5.Dc{tH#zfsQp~<,kȋlڐ9$w)&JJ{6ߕb"xQ"L֡Rґ-7+=x];P;@k }螣SY }5mz6+Lj{꯫v08U\UT6^:l:Fg[fk±nwД$g8Sa5䘏KXkcXsoҥULUfkLg}ez}?!f_Iv_Iv'?Q 7g?d9>s$VL=x>}9ն"n+.}ѧ3-OD]~9ej k;Vszup]ժ2VM*؈BLXe1?7Ab6-rcG klF~9&Υ*\~Mr$^Z][64^j22WP +r]Y;䠌tՏ{rH%\{*~hUz҇MZez`SlC*RоIlKP1j xX}k^zZ5YzFؔ%d6uK}W~#<29]{@뇟:҆߯ca'XoG;㭟cOs1k~e\)Uдsެ7Zw֔mКR8{mj[4𙍪}AQkPˢ.ou.`.D]Ԧu'.G{}]+˄.{kAޗL֝jßB~+3a=[p-@dշF1lhSqzh*{$kRN(ψɄd w^N=+[TK+z^s|dY䘨{ftǞ8fd}\0] )Т0s[ 0жym.tig,=3Vs֗qYm>c#UZÁ*7xKg2\X+VsC.\ Zε|]yLgjt7tٱ };2ߢl{:+!Q_y{%K_WU@ %?clP4?8ٟ&h0hOںͼVplz-wJ^ZE^0zzq!{tܬ *:W}+W('DP1}c6z Ԧ^\&!Ek\hmG鍃1ݵ} q ۪uZ6>D]}1_IsoUˋ.ܯ9[nLJ'llO`qnc{蚷hҩCu?9/}|B{V4*=ÞfAz5Cvh'T|+[hen~}tDn nun}IS4~Y_7 2$iFH$1yE]:(T35d})/|9!Y>c()kQ޵H}?O&R!۽ j/9LqF ۱H#tȗݪ1}7>u@tlށ~IJs|۪SvSu'{4u/}c#M~ɧyB#94_Zh^#*hk5yΧ٢^ ͏r~9m &ahT}jחy@})XB#9Pt}7)B*Bֽk2_!JR̞c]^"Zti>!E0b>EDA惺)By}' B?w{|KTka=UZhjj9^-4Hgh~^O"4$Lճ';ޔۃ-j Ӹ{jmR='.w*Vj 3{7|uϪ]@bt͡Er҅s;U/+zH+:Ѕ^ɲxK}rڈ?h[`R;d3}0C}6 X^$B}NUPߚWegɊYMw؋O{;59u8q$_i㈖1EfDuޥzjڵZoUm,@jAi.Sti>]?˷KɈr>Eh$Bsj決)Bםm94WieɳT{)Cgimyj*a"4}4Viǐb4}ݗg4(Eu'!>w~IhC>] i"19}bDЧ{{߶h<߁.wAp 7O(oH~>e8cI{whKs+ߞjioM,-*<#ԜqLy'6v)Ωom̡4fxj͇&6ߕ ^Ɠ1[7~SZUr]:-5}juo_}W̚sCJ61bvu1f` ܱ}vrΓ>HoˠӲG-7otyUnHJ;p=:^vhWeIwMy9я9P6Zmk') 9Pk.U=ݳ!}GmƅlxFѻ*tunM@,d)qjcYې G^4ߘ;d؏@*{]!ЛoLmYA,b-9c}?̏87_0_18v-_|q֌뒹*M*UX/}gmlF|bI֏}r_>26o;icO样[{q=֤6Z_&bMujFϲT[HڤhAM;ޙW6#V9_Q{1wKѐc>v0ŗ6_4?wg. sChg1C6h2c9f;Υcyƻ2hߤb~iuRkt[Y[hUTGAվЇi\%I%OD/?}EBH~%FkT[?-j_~?! RU4O ڟ|X;c 1m!9OjU]/Zr\!SG__o?/=վVT/?}E?ڗʿN4j_~ۇ+V5JIԗ>'U+]uC& 5?S爧VC16X9կv{No7ح9V ۍ"nȓ'E~姯vO@T[yǫ姯!]5oQ N판߶k J6\rxվѷwwjz姯,@O姯_)Eվ?o +T|C~UA;or\C5Zw[vU`l6bfg2F%#F2O2B{FM:8aqN /ulB;>=fN7ߺJ+)ofSzT7r{o.^ׁg.f߅'Y^w.f[n2{"K :_\g>vUAo`c{nZՏ?~rG՟T?Io]?~FVԴs駘|:L¶mڶ/tW12ڤ2~YӱM4շJ oƊIj7݈AwGe8Noj̃*Ft".HSU?d\Y;Fl UHuߨJA ^;~VaoOV1:Ʈ1Ѡy_ {DäT=]lte$le>1{J|{t+|M*'uuo]F˦vΗ+:v~qλbߢr¾nTy(1g? yqFLXdh_(_XrƓWMoC./6M*A2Kǟyr}OaĻTlPXZc|%?̛c>yO)\Or5C]|dsmvd "1fmflf_`3fmfUfc-6c}lvjf6͸IDǶ/^D*-_PM ?xA;/橯/ȧW/t%=kMqmayxxk~0G'Eܠ[6_?~haf6UqUR<>F#վl^}ܤLf!!6{Po3Wf%{Z~ ٌw۷K-`3df[slfl{vWk]U?ۼAm(ts٣TT!rH_ocrc]Am*k9oDASʪ~OHCӏc|A]k$/e~>yXr k ^HP᚛[2~nL: hXh)(ˍY2`/֗橫%EQT]_ok{A$m^5;٫\ɠPUag9»T`9SE?vH&S#T잖մ=YY|WF,O_d鉾T|}m^5"edB,6/o7Klft~lA;h6(ǚEh>o"^?^ۼj/'L.*˵\r}6 .z [ڼjr2o\~Y^h zj^6\ +yQ}{ټjr j0]ć yל{ټjrji+_Nϱͫ&j?8#9y14~[P_`eͮ˱ͫfj}Ðvl^5j*؋<ϱͫ&פ\hOޛ{ټjrj +'3~ yX{y/W|WdOaGG\mlMmflB63`3 Ƀ͚T|ټjrcOUWaOUkOHlcnɃfy^-z$'c-Bq;sG{N@ƛA֛@2OJvDG_w5Xz-yk i xZ[g֛X"Z5b -&7Xcf=7oy_ve]OjxK󆥪/yzj>͓|oMҿ{奈aٱɠ2㘏+{lz|QCTzؼE yz7j_G|F`6 -&U5߃̓7EhXԷS8J1o::~xG)#B1*-Y^NΛm 6a^삏seh>c}xE w LF7XzE 7X4*x=uxzE 7XcaQx'M`QxE w,, or4ѱ'ĖT[xҦҗ o7߱x7{,o sxx፯_ y8jWBvHms $r0x{Wƒ!=TT}ǿhyZz}nGj1+9*Z|y×CjA?to}}֌ڮC ƹ~[޼l<, v&/UM?I  K, o$caIxkM7X`Ix%cM7yXz% 7Xޱ$ɱ&, o$%M~7=`ɋœrjbw,, o7߱x7{,o$sxx%፯_ !,CB\,yK>>K2O"1A',```IKzؼbz+fK LaIKz<-Ip==%4,`I_N$z%;Qcȼ{^zp㎆%U'’K, XXxkb 7X`XzM7y.`Ix% w,, or,ɱK, o$caIxM~7X$<زBz’fÛ7{ 1xbK?7~7X’k ss$$rXZ7D L,`I_WL8X2OÒK2OK\%4,`I_N$z%Pk{vѿaI07{F$K;7Xz% 7X29xM7X`Ix% K› orl,K, XXwxc |F<-)[%caIxś=ocx%፟?, o| Z_a+ֆ.l<`IH%',3!=>!9,,H`<= KXio:oyrDN/'Xy=}I$bj+;}I07~w{|67X`Ix’&\Ko$Kқ<osK, o$caIxcM7X`Ix% K›o{,Cœ2U5%7;ocf 7~o<o$5xk};%7hCX8Hܱ dDbKV&Ht_2=^P,GL,aIKz% XrvĒyrDN/'Xy=w ;{RvT, &xN6% 7Xޱ$5&, o$&<o\,K, XXXxcc 7X`Ix’&ÛKo $,RMlyIz’fÛ7{ 1xbK?7~7X’eoqEŒ,yj̓A҉%-W~h2dMX2X=`"zĒyzDXyZz%'$myrDN/'Xy=1ZvT, &/QM?Q6% 7Xޱ$5&, o$&<o\,K, XXXxcc 7X`Ix’&ÛKoR$|[5e%7;ocf 7~o<o$5xk};%Wކ.C%RM%'ǒ "Y DX?j&cO͓:`] a97uo6̓0%)}ym^O0eI6|QiSQM_5) 7ޱ0%9&L o0%&|o],SL XZxkc 7`Jx”&Û<Ko0IlyR5^ S› ow,1xL oy,`Jxkw|]p\)[HmPWLi$rÀ)[G="lL`J_WMS%6&)Labp=|4\ikcya)LkaNĔ]# {Z”SL Xxsb 7`XzM7.`Jx) w,L or-ɵSL o0%caJxM7IlUز)7;ocf 7~o<o0%5xk};)Igr.rSNUMݧS2O"1L',#]|i2d 0=6]QL{`уgyz3oR׃gއ -VM鍜`<9 K"'XҗÒ.5زavm6o2;X6so˛WԖ-{`nKƱ$K;7Xz% 7X29xM7X`Ix% K› orl,K, XXwxc ]<--KXXoxcf=oX,`IxcK_7dKrNXr~E3,i$rXҿ?9Zs-_sl2&,,`I_$bɾ?GlI׃̓:r 5L`J_^W Sp)(wޟx]51Ǐ6:DlXxsb 7`XzM7.`Jx) w,L or-ɵSL o0%caJxM7XS^ز^z”fÛ7{ 1xbS?7~7)8KeŔ<^*y?m.y9a%L`O;1Hj;6T D0y0lUљWzI_ ''nwiX9`IUÒfNȑ0K[++, &/VM?A6i˿V7X`Ix’&\Ko$Kқ<osK, o$caIxcM7X`Ix% K›o{,Kē-ĖJoelo+› ow,1x, oy,`Ixkw>r,?:rv'UޟdDbK\,9ZtLք%Cz%,,G{_уyz&ܟDOz<\/,9I5yyD^0/+)KG[>1%؛j]SL o0%caJxsMΉ7`Jx)cM7Xz) 7ޱ0%ɵ&L o0%)M7y>`'巪-Ho57Xcf=79XO| WKUx{U2bJ Ĕ5޽dKA5aʐ`JSz){}d7~Wo&)LaNp=XW3Y52[鍼`ei+{&_"”SL Xxsb 7`XzM7.`Jx) w,L or-ɵSL o0%caJxM7r[ĖvS{j{zƻ# V[:MLEX1&Xͻ o7zcsxM*ټĵ[Uj0|~#ʟk!R;19?( 9/9=Y`=,sci)u_tɵ[O7_sag^n@??Yz9̗&rU2{ +OkMgS:FgCIMeڳVKw~$ &2}~HsjnMkú[Vk:29Ծ2ʝ*'`g>6`w5S+65*HMO&_߀p 6|:#]韮ϚR,,H90 S B C B C B C Д Д Д аВ Д аВ Д аВ Д Д Д Д             1 1 2 2 3 3 1 2 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 2 3 0 0 , , , , , , çäåñü Ñ 1 , Ñ 2 , Ñ 3 – çíà÷åíèÿ ðàçðÿäîâ äâîè÷íîãî êîäà òðèããåðîâ ñîñòîÿíèÿ ïåðâîé ãðóïïû 3; Ä 1 , Ä 2 , Ä 3 – çíà÷åíèÿ ðàçðÿäîâ äâîè÷íîãî êîäà òðèããåðîâ ñîñòîÿíèÿ âòîðîé ãðóïïû 4. Êàæäûé èç Ñ m (m=1,2,3) ðàçðÿäîâ êîäà òðèããåðîâ 3 ïåðâîé ãðóïïû ñîñòîÿíèé ðàçðÿäíûõ ñ÷åò÷èêîâ ñîîòâåòñòâóåò íàëè÷èþ (1) èëè îòñóòñòâèþ (0) èíôîðìàöèè â ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåì ðàçðÿäå ïðåîáðàçóåìîãî êîäà, à ðàçðÿä Ä m (m=1,2,3) òðèããå- ðîâ 4 âòîðîé ãðóïïû ñîñòîÿíèé ðàçðÿäíûõ ñ÷åò÷èêîâ ðàâåí 1, åñëè ñîîòâåòñòâó- þùèé êîä îñòàòêà ýòîãî ðàçðÿäà èìååò çíà÷åíèå Õð i  à (à=3), â ïðîòèâíîì ñëó÷àå Ä m =0. Ôîðìèðîâàòåëü ýêâèâàëåíòà 13 ïðåîáðàçóåò âíà÷àëå äâîè÷íûé êîä Ä 1 , Ä 2 , Ä 3 òðèããåðîâ ñîñòîÿíèÿ ïåðâîé ãðóïïû. Øèôðàòîðû 12 ôîðìèðóþò âûõîäíîå ñëîâî, ìåíüøåå íà à åäèíèö (à=3) ïî îòíîøåíèþ êî âõîäíîìó ñëîâó. Ôîðìèðîâàòåëü ýêâèâàëåíòà 13 äëÿ ÑÎÊ ñ îñíîâàíèÿìè ð 1 =3; ð 2 =5; ð 3 =7, îðòîãîíàëüíûìè áàçèñàìè  1 =70;  2 =21;  3 =15 è à=3 ðåàëèçóåò ôóíêöèþ S C C C Д Д Д Д Д Д Д Д Д             70 21 15 0 210 63 45 0 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 , , , , , . Ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå äâîè÷íûõ êîäîâ òðèããåðîâ ñîñòîÿíèé ïåðâîé 3 è âòîðîé 4 ãðóïï ñîîòâåòñòâóåò òàáë. 4. Ðàññìîòðèì ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå ÷èñëà (2,2,5) (3,5,7) . Èñõîäíûé êîä ñîñòîÿíèé ðàçðÿäíûõ ñ÷åò÷èêîâ À 0 =0010 0010 0101 (Ñì=0). Ïåðâûé èìïóëüñ ãåíåðàòîðà 2 èçìåíèò ñîñòîÿíèå ðåãèñòðà 3 ñ Ñ 1 Ñ 2 Ñ 3 =000 íà Ñ 1 Ñ 2 Ñ 3 =111 è ðåãèñòðà 4 ñ Ä 1 Ä 2 Ä 3 =000 íà Ä 1 Ä 2 Ä 3 =001. Двоичный код триггеров первой группы С 3 С 2 С 1 Двоичный код триггеров второй группы Д 3 Д 2 Д 1 Десятичный код эквивалента S Двоичный код эквивалента S 9 S 8 S 7 S 6 S 5 S 4 S 3 S 2 S 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Конец преобразования 0 0 1 0 0 0 70 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 91 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 85 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 106 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 Х Х 1 0 0 1 210 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 Х 1 Х 0 1 0 63 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 Х 1 1 0 1 1 273 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 Х Х 1 0 0 45 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 Х 1 1 0 1 255 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Х 1 1 0 108 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 318 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 Òàáëèöà 4 A1xlUǟs =rE +s&:U0.1 [Guɦb̢[# cM?y9=R9ɷyy<9'yqH7D[;Dld}^C:fy8aqɝΌ.3a<ٟkIo.*, GY2/kdũ7A柆_cnWJ>d] n3@7h+|I| ` 4Z2(ERY n|*]2\[rk뜮Y0Tn@~ nxN|ܛLo)Rߗ}N2㲅z6Ј?]YcQRU׶kIdd yZZ"u5X^x#lgr6[M`BFe3#GdX %)Tf 8y<Ae!) :U`1DnJQ%+rsu~ŪDw!fuTW9T+Q6ȌmGp%ǩ^5*?.}n.[k4ߺ^Mzew9=W)`+ǼF>lփyo'Idv(lsAdvym9z 붾9MPJ?Y [E0oT1N2 ް򾚹 /ϽZg\ uZ9oCxYeɿse0 3gt-Zz3"^Q[S9:'׵Hc`rw9\~=BFʛJbIC;*xb122sx7W"Eoah_|d|:8<q_qg@wW8q<jC~tZj钆gKV׃ԉIJT=^E|z #N#Cݑ)dug r0ོ/]eWp ,[GQ&9_PgLc?~ֺ@hݠtPtrhO3c.bp/>Sut ¸kD_QWZWNTQ})% 2IQNR^ote-s; Kry=짼X+4~4YB»>x!~.h5H{huh]D̙\|dy>XFǓTNc d S TP  ˗SO?*UvrOJdկG~ʭ$#g^ާֱqЄ෥vzYh73 YYޟ<.^ďFVޫfP{|JyZޕGQUZ^vݥWMpe| 1&nǸlǩf)Ng0݄l"f>1_g؂JUeG὾~\ڼ|F^m/O }٬ 'Y~ëRJO{Q~lJyS/`{=P} e|!wgC)ۡ~D?q"؟&i_i? qL$ z~dnJ?iz=Cfvg`?=:Ǿ/Hp;?>XGzGՊm,C*ۘyӃmF72H̺Q[{Qf.Ӎi_0*ckz5cg-SXQ|Eu\LQbso8XM m=ˬY9=66m?*5=odjos}SэԞdMOQѵьc&^Nw x"#G @8_PW8qc>|aMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:52  v >(16L2/N1R{bx͜ u"Ե xc,tDA(C?ST\%ö} 6VX,3f(,q=`3fSaoIa餫:ԼO0)|ẗ́+|}6ud%1hIXCϤ%1\7c)K\k2z?.[L j燕ʸ5HYen71\\co_lc~4%aƧoh0^}Ef?G~ a`:^DIg]4qx@0W~qncxiKX%ba ѰXZ*6}t S7sʠ )6{PlMd\w`E ؜..67slqacjؼOxY &6u<6 dxsw06\"Z]l>)#;@x9t E}%/]akIG^Qz"uwvꯅmPKB+ ۢmR}y ]ԙ;uc7R_lCYxC蔡,4[<0nK>{̬e~2Vkvq?{ki~Eݚq͂'_j?մf;GfW=k̚׭Y5ӑ7V 8% 'E[׉Od@Upa.1CS]AC@,^vfa T;&azx0>}lPߓ~Y7<=_u P9(3Iv=12A2^Rݒ^dmM)#`a8_Gښ5L{/6ŎkލFY^5u>Ymהi `瑏0Yt|y|Gᧅ /ߩ8/Qa<Þ3G?^GQ?D07tvTbd@J>m3e=/xN_SWvpgF,iu6Z:fZ~ѿ%}>`uWwr3&cI9`ecl1^sCϸZvdkzma[{m}.aCqf8'Ε91ѧ6&!ybaU٢]*ZߞqNSd12!gzm JD!.;Ԃ ȧ{#=DaYs-C ^u-c.ƺ݆q({`| M0{РR|Mn:@㷤ŸwV:~x;_?~x#x;Jz;%pF2xK9Umx)ަtXij7mXnHܝ* WysqrL?qhV7gӉ|3WwǓX}@-:VwWd>^k2koJIgqs{h @G/)}s9@]_vȹ!s 3~z<.}?ɧ/  5EєjH<r2G{mz}`o_xD~ܵN: s{_>6:sKs8Cz}īZ3Gb(=.᪽aCQܬ{Ux_m%fݳsa:svT]Zomms]w]97C[5B ph_f;G8Bwi}u{Ȑ֓-ˣdu;/#K[ê)'&+ȁ.cJ (n-o.ĥ3<|ۋ񃃻U7Mwt Hs6mہ:S-ozoGik0zQw`)t4yp,ã <4yy?a~? P:KZ]Lj'u &@~rcuͩn4]1Rih:Oa`oA/ݧjc=Ve|#ZvSc~Gu/7Gm -UOxvyoos;y#v%Ht]{wa ;a&I*-.y|E.,1urkX~,th@:2 `PGe=K9dl>̒qZoC!?_$J [ ڡb Zm?^,=j#:$@Sz:O9$ =uQέ~dtO>Hihc'+vHt'4|W1J@}1>vgf_Aÿy:2Sz+G;ƌ Y:NБ1PusAw ['k[âq%ݜ|35¬ܧ=cyB3^]{E[uqgIn<77ScnDCs cVѽӣ[6Jn k#y̚`%5vϗ_B7-]Z' W8۴g>@=tH40`Q>Yrnvxp_` Y7Cg==m,G qG~-޹ª69Mn.9꾛;'cb<0,ۆ;n? E'8o.raH~z{lbW~W_|l= oXX/L: 4B3"ְmͶS@mv.Rgyx[yt,``g(:Cgp;R&{WGȷDž߉o~Ix(*I__b])}N>K;N/}+$}M-|.|#s}'3acؾ@,8GF|vs>e3us꺾FSAV3b;%`WleZall=T;%G}|t0ߧOri:˝:7RV-t쎿Ws-~*mp;9&^zr}M/o oco۾:"+nZPyK[qKW`;gߦ =Ǥoc8QN KQnY 0Vp'6Q=qx7^SX~3b^|HnB'_?x^^O2ł#5W59§T9ѤvncTo΋6Fn 4oVGS%[g{[/F^yU'}a_uQ< o]o;^2+|vṐCoHg#e>??)[j}̊5vki~Rlf3&o9cn+K)v>?vf!sU;yKmݧ17 F}kQ(d#*"7ڼJƐs%fo(~f ڴNX{X~c3f E.6]2u.48n[zޓ@2nx [Ս{xkwY hyeyG| oyd9}ߗ'MI7̉u<Y|Cgϡ}C|ry4HS6&||Ý:~b#x%}hx+OV\y[W>Ԧ0.t3G5xiF2>ǙcxgnC;r~?K4}xӚdIL](mY;"vt˔N ڞ1nn{`#ۘn> oeߪ>-惲ѷeqh:rqM7 ߭]-d|{)3i 1{O} cmw)j,^?̉1a m6B/^aytێ`t{섽 }b1TYˀ)點*w9l;Msnv6vwg}m?Ħ{`H/m~A/cCzcX<. :օXNCyuYGJ$Gcrě!Zݚy@;#릹̍r+< ([[/Ŏ{,3a^F99_4(?7:eΟ򌝾uLN`[A \-/'F|w9@#^;<>Um~x#y٦ rnj} eDŽm|NoĶjmmG|9}64|㻉*YOuŦBK$[g'{TywfꞀ_G)Sv>I`#=c>N<; b;a;t7t7] <rnG[˂=u \J+?>DBu>"v a Gzx?Rv\xn(f-V?rպfZ.oNJhND%["XͪaV2vZ~;u/w:;] vw"f8,6} ckm1лm5/8)e3]$9dcv&f3~ngO ^!mLÊK9rݖXWr:9r% tIҊ^ڱ]ΚddK9Cem.S "=C^ ?yBr\`L`3Uj{pεcܬ1FAj4KTXi^&|"g[9dB[Y=ny92 #~&J&^WrZu?tAKD΅Vi~_w^VY~wp %F{:Ǩ`-{A3p9N4Sn'ob --77{{ P4&&_"!xKijYG|πՌY&C: ٜ]k[5K ;= 2ƪy z JAh;Q\JMbI f ]Je?RVlEѳRb "d?kA/`z%Ldy @LORCu3|.}p 뛀p 5%@->Gá#t߆߃+p㇙S̳g-IndY* |+ .|l >fuxއ.1㚳1g':o;VP\ك|<]̳w,1k ku Oa})fv-׌ohMob[߬EfOzuKzt"G5ޙrE؜1Vm>nde}>UYsrxG31s՝+\M|x:u^u^xg?)Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:52  >t .6(16Z2/rD1?{t}x{Uyn¢qw&.Bru2ی (8UK;t:Nթupi")j@.2"usknes3 Is~}) g9{_B(]µJO K- aj]vqMa!'즂ׄ1!\ţGeC>f1j+L<9S˔b|S9|Sʧx׬v3P:%vB?.;V3Fxi6m-U B^&0r|MXn E~>¶SNt5/}#Oj_++'V;nCvjN)/Q‡.xX(a;)zlk e5R̢KeY}{}뽪 ZGhj O{IYZ๯|Ơu2^COuCᄯ}[jX{)߬KX,;{%J!o*p|I㷫LfC{`WąˏW)?R}ғ=ʈ c$O.rrE8 IFy}zhANZmYɇ%3+Fy#o)?;yŸFOT:R)zڳWm] >)cba ޫl­+d&d?l_ * ODq`^JJg+T+eԱ_fn>H,%ު4C 8mݣQߔeq5=Vh OIOJ8́9eI5|/O3ZGzD8{T(=|TӛIdMRb^{|9%eRˤ^yGJw U=&;{* k$ӟ*m[ӢyV4DR1f3+aQm3 ]8"#=!~;~f8P ǤxJn>yD}j壍sՆ8HN$OmccdU Cm$-*\#v_a lT:pHV.W}~ư]9TUޫ3ld ;bm>q 6-EuΌ:gasЉJԹL Vg9iFQ7G+Q/Czp# ":36o]wz^R{z".pGuyoܴn)KKꦕwQS;b&oTmG6D": |([S99LYeM0>Zie4μ;vq<|;b߅*[zS';;Q0jx^0GcN{o Q2_peLU_$c얈:,rKO70q`jk[ rlլWɂɶ?>7(UWc6GhF;TK{(DĉHve6*ʦ87s,7*&0rYVe <.lKn-[rиCKN#3fYio>a[7 B o# 6]&yGotP[b~C`YZ|>};N-1{36p]s Tiҽ?!xdOf {dѺ~qٕ\Gצ `]Jnu8r?u8xeS9ϣg`G٦iy[O$ڸ)v_c4or'8NN8i뾰I`mU_#1u_LZIW$vws$^C' ->FBznMC84e8A0CK[1@K2ycGng}َq9 uB/5qtl-w{.xD8#߫C:{/]eJn3)Jsy[YNȒ:89-eEx3B(SetC\ +>Mɏ)JJxM0bO/\3:<=a/7]'<;&x֠<ϕSf_K] \-CÀCGޟgb'ò]]d1/Jw`JvwViJq'"ъz%NNfExuK}S6=Mg_qUm8Oٿ~ѡ0gg޶\m:`KY7?ӻ/rAc=`_0ʞgN'=R6'F$=^'&I7Iv3hQ֙[yr,Ӣ] x~侠s?"n~suCɭo_81P|ەM)>{l`e7抶#ŷ;9R?{a[51=s92_~Αg}˧3=rzyYmژ۹ 03Mng御iGb=&_Mf^S=_iOolCqY9Fݴn2݊TJ>KgAVc 6h,erD:ywYԡ%і>(;7`Ae2-㑭VW,9;a;eRǴ:6^{gw^'0曏>O6gٟ`sծJ߬M#giGNQ(Ñ VbYk֨?Cen'o`aƉdMC|ooYs^ pb- C@Ksrݼc{c::̟nJ{_I/k?p1U~py-Cқ;.-vz<:;39&1Wc̋yQGl- ә'pڠʴAWOb9Oj.+&P'[y8xo}Zw2jr^FO-jMw 9thպp0-c{c w]t:ݺ5̻;(w z_́z;5COo [dx̦coӓʧ6 Nت*?\5ӢXf]3_/M}+#np%a΄y -sRMlI?Sn;X*κ^!8rj%>&.SCDnʿ+#uW'\_i{7ߴ+[7㷌W@BJO~H;9=l;|v|T_׃~ Җ\ʾP>6~NswЮ[e%}Q?>X_BwU~@j3%B{?3}^p9z[wQ3BU#N)^J8;c=`SMk~ucl5m'Fu83.W_{ ]_SNef.Cyyp&5iTSHE#u1]>yٞbΜ{gp<?> F%7}~7kNҜ|Grx@O;3sʙ%م}903T*`c_JhLά =GΗ%sp~M9g]"X.zm=$7ǭNzs ߾$\̑M9rJ?ׂ_۹"ӭ2D 929"^4hCB検3ug>rQ:SXmކq8chtxl~5-&MX{~lTv~ݿ7k(#GtChú&6胶>lS|ɭs|#ns1 y>N>)α+\#ڪsxޏOw;no2m<|ҍ'O = [ތxج0WdDܶ|=ީecc=xp;[]*2?ΠNcQo$q[}Oє􎾏w)*? =q|}N|Fճ-;PnsnAˍzy}~_i9sr&'^ %wdXIVaVJ#}޸_J&a1'ui 󵬙q20Mӆp6OGyyr[pt}x: }Qy* ݂G^ra#4<t/1w/,XcqfbbuKPۡ>ڻk ޱ˩Gu}ᇬGZ?{RK}h<2.>G>X͕Ԭ/ y/[?x⼯~\wߌ3 }sogw.SNy}'8W)F@f'=7["YZ,C)1Yb~ᆿJL*yDv]Fi#m=Fwt;ry g?K>̋w?9_3_PLgs 0xAqk-ہ sLw=rp_0/-}e$ě;b7"0\q坫9z ̺iݐ'8hh޼0(8Aܹ9F,7ŸsB<`om97 ޔ[5ot^|%j0TfڤvYss|$'gޤۑ'C3 |3_ X#~?xx{l?%9%`M=ׇtϋ$P5~Iρ`3l;9 '}xV9,xi zWYW*zJ[3YosYy~V?Z/4R":_ٳ;YHc9nўX~ձ ֣)JY}O[{*ߛ͜G/2{3Kw+b>upB~8gu+(78Y&bxlTއc6[|)tR?t;r^ķIwy.{R~S`[-DN|;$s~]D KAϾzEv̋>ݏy ={`lҒt9Kgmr+dp<'QG/TιwwiSܛk] wVר߱|ko '}.C-=oJ8iFo Y3DPRԁ#[dh:h.0耣ӊ>ytԡ?HԁS&7ʴA#⽒%z:[$^@PdF|c.tkx/τΣ,Uw|xQSB$dlO )3G0>s[w pϹq}chW7R^w~`J¡ܤ7~#+SaumU,p\7%f*:ώ]Z䛦|C8#*ȑrsw6X/aCzGGz!otBN4u_c>^ړa~wO4 vh`pp [9wb1"{oh$H0/qb@wk6z34.ˊ[[ezYTlc oXOcs7u_ИF,rz_>nǘJyw5݂S?ާ#`7hngDCXwXMӎq:1n>DxtbŜMei@G5!mg[(h+)ܧ,,!92 ÓÄÊ 519.71 Å.È. ÊÓ×ÅÐÅÍÊÎ, Å.Â. ÁÎÄßÍÑÊÈÉ ÐÀÑØÈÐÅÍÈÅ ÍÅ×ÅÒÊÈÕ ÑÅÒÅÂÛÕ ÌÎÄÅËÅÉ ÍÀ ÎÑÍÎÂÅ ÍÅÉÐÎ-ÔÀÇÇÈ-ÑÅÒÅÉ ÏÅÒÐÈ Ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ âîïðîñû ðàñøèðåíèÿ íå÷åòêèõ ñåòåâûõ ìîäåëåé íà îñíî- âå èíòåãðàöèè ðàñøèðåííûõ èíòåðïðåòèðîâàííûõ íå÷åòêèõ ñåòåé Ïåòðè è íåéðîñåòåâûõ ñòðóêòóð. Ïðèìåíåíèå íåéðî-ôàççè-ñåòåâûõ ñòðóêòóð ñíèæàåò ðàçìåðíîñòü ìîäåëè è ðàñøèðÿåò âîçìîæíîñòè ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ ñóùåñòâåííî íå÷åòêèõ âçàèìîäåéñòâóþùèõ ïðîöåññîâ ðåàëüíûõ îáúåêòîâ. 1. Ââåäåíèå Ðåøåíèå øèðîêîãî êëàññà çàäà÷ àíàëèçà è ñèíòåçà â ñëîæíûõ ñèñòåìàõ, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèõñÿ ñóùåñòâåííîé íå÷åòêîñòüþ âçàèìîäåéñòâóþùèõ ïðîöåññîâ [1,2], òðåáóåò ó÷åòà ìíîæåñòâà âàæíûõ ôàêòîðîâ, îòîáðàæàþùèõ îáúåêòû ïðåä- ìåòíîé îáëàñòè. Ê íèì â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ñëåäóåò îòíåñòè: ïàðàëëåëüíîå àñèíõ- ðîííîå âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ïðîöåññîâ; ñòîõàñòè÷åñêèé ëèáî õàîòè÷åñêèé õàðàêòåð âçàèìîäåéñòâóþùèõ ïðîöåññîâ; èõ ñóùåñòâåííóþ íå÷åòêîñòü; ðåøåíèå çàäà÷ áîëüøîé è î÷åíü áîëüøîé ðàçìåðíîñòè. Ñóùåñòâóþùèå ïîäõîäû [3-9] ê ðåøåíèþ ïðàêòè÷åñêèõ çàäà÷ ðåàëèçóþò ëèøü íåêîòîðîå ïîäìíîæåñòâî ïðèâåäåííûõ âûøå ôàêòîðîâ, ÷òî â ðåàëüíûõ ñèñòåìàõ ðàçëè÷íûõ ïðåäìåòíûõ îáëàñòåé ñóùåñòâåííî îãðàíè÷èâàåò èõ âîçìîæíîñòè.  äàííîé ðàáîòå ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ ïîäõîä, ïîçâîëÿþùèé ìàêñèìàëüíî ó÷åñòü äîñòîèíñòâà ñóùåñòâóþùèõ ìîäåëåé â çàäà÷àõ àíàëèçà è ñèíòåçà ñèñòåì áîëü- øîé è î÷åíü áîëüøîé ðàçìåðíîñòè, âçàèìîäåéñòâóþùèå ïðîöåññû êîòîðûõ ìîæ- íî ïðåäñòàâèòü â âèäå îòíîøåíèé “ óñëîâèå – äåéñòâèå ” . 2. Ïîñòàíîâêà çàäà÷è Îäíèì èç âîçìîæíûõ ñïîñîáîâ ðåøåíèÿ çàäà÷ àíàëèçà è ñèíòåçà â ñèñòåìàõ áîëüøîé ðàçìåðíîñòè ÿâëÿåòñÿ äåêîìïîçèöèÿ ñèñòåìû è ïðèìåíåíèå èçâåñòíûõ ïîäõîäîâ, êîòîðûå, îäíàêî, íå âñåãäà ýôôåêòèâíû ïðè ðàññìîòðåíèè ñëîæíûõ ñèñòåì â âèäå ñîâîêóïíîñòè ôðàãìåíòîâ.  ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì âîçíèêàåò ïðîáëåìà ïðèìåíåíèÿ ìîäåëåé, êîòîðûå áûëè áû ýôôåêòèâíûìè ïðè ðåøåíèè øèðîêîãî êëàññà çàäà÷ àíàëèçà è ñèíòåçà íå÷åòêèõ ïðîöåññîâ I i i   }, ~ { , õàðàêòåðèçóþùèõñÿ áîëüøîé ðàçìåðíîñòüþ, ñëîæíûì ïà- ðàëëåëüíî - ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíûì âçàèìîäåéñòâèåì è ïðåäñòàâëåííûõ â âèäå îòíî- øåíèé “ óñëîâèå – äåéñòâèå ” . Ê ýòèì çàäà÷àì â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ñëåäóåò îòíåñòè òàêèå, ðåøåíèå êîòîðûõ ñóùåñòâåííî âëèÿåò íà ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ðåàëèçàöèè è äèíàìèêè âçàèìîäåéñòâóþùèõ íå÷åòêèõ ïðîöåññîâ [9].  ðàáîòå ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ ýôôåêòèâíàÿ ìàòåìàòè÷åñêàÿ ìîäåëü ) ( ~ f S  , îðèåíòè- ðîâàííàÿ íà øèðîêèé êëàññ çàäà÷ àíàëèçà è ñèíòåçà íå÷åòêèõ âçàèìîäåéñòâóþ- ùèõ ïðîöåññîâ â ñèñòåìàõ áîëüøîé ðàçìåðíîñòè, ñ ó÷åòîì, ÷òî çàäà÷è ìîãóò íîñèòü êàê êîëè÷åñòâåííûé, òàê è êà÷åñòâåííûé õàðàêòåð. Ïðè ýòîì ìîäåëü ) ( ~ f S  â ñâîåé ðåàëèçàöèè äîëæíà áûòü îðèåíòèðîâàíà íà ïðèìåíåíèå ñîâðåìåííûõ èíôîðìàöèîííûõ òåõíîëîãèé. 3. Îñíîâíûå ïîäõîäû ê ðåøåíèþ ïîñòàâëåííîé çàäà÷è Ýôôåêòèâíûì ïîäõîäîì äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ ïîñòàâëåííîé çàäà÷è ìîæåò áûòü èñ- ïîëüçîâàíèå àïïàðàòà íå÷åòêèõ ñåòåé Ïåòðè [8-10] è èñêóññòâåííûõ íåéðîííûõ ñåòåé [6,11]. Êàæäûé èç ýòèõ ïîäõîäîâ, îáëàäàÿ ñóùåñòâåííûìè äîñòîèíñòâàìè, èìååò òàêæå ðÿä îãðàíè÷åíèé. %xlSU:~tmG7` 5&000#b A"$0DMD$13F0cbj(D6v/{tm5eKs9sz{w"jDH5X>A7<";3*1re9.RCZ5SsJ9flam2nIf8 779]j r$r^Gy'sB`򩫀ZY VxM A#]C "cM*z{cY$b>(g(ׁfx9ܺY~8χ[0]|~ɕ/A+R<6؇c"gZm 6x|:OKaW򻭢~>x/W3{hmI=nR~zW|'q-#oy{lf,_^:G3xAj܏\,alönc>䓹`=8(5dk~+8/EΑ.b] F95Ͱ5xD8w60S.(G@%3a}c_&J0r7R2=ʎ1r[G\َ#Gˉ"N $1nҿ[.R<^Wߋ~ } ?._Fo5@缄߱62vz2?/'#18p{=x ]UuL&$d7L !ԡD @W:XVZG,h?b?(BH wgϙs;yp2;k^k}m25DIrG<㏍4#!z{c4K'p{]]cJ'|zh˛ѹљQInat*G]jaE+?Q oIΏG7NK­c<SrȽD%ү +.? gxԚKo71Z0񘆽/<&Fܩum:\na.q>ڦs?콋e=3|%ꙸ(-_cqsˢxt}Iq2;r=乞}c#{#/nTFimm^/~pRG3hzڅWWmZ&:26=S(צFOU$qAgG[rXy+hW,^ *6G?(') x%>ҳxs:U7] pvtjET y;&7_yceǛ۴ ys0i\+}E_7+yJ2zZrRT:z^ncDmRʆ8:z\z$yݣ @<~r4CuњdThs\֪uѣabkJy˸b]1^;'?O>a8۹9}YGJrN\t\qnCiIJuagCo3 e>'j|a8 E{h M3~FлG G*-on?DMfngD'EG¼X*=(\bx>EB0ר('KLk=sx8a ƟOB7?ƫrð>Mk?,CxMwʐ80Toi(Y}tҎlݙЭ,љ,3AOY><_b kxcjE~#1z}U2Ş Nw2ϴ4q8μbU[2@3:Hi*YM`\>=67i{(:9*6AKufx-^'3CayP+/|P^u!{5`zP0}7M#a:-Is:L޸|-.k0,u!wYGQ=N!+I\^`<߹WTb.A.Wu%^oHvm&d1Ize $ؕ/KrgScS\\ҨȎ>UJ):q{5>k_\+u/1>六wҰ;:,Rw&hdnJ}rZnO 4IqƟߨOnɁgZ+D:5 kpK#5)YXϧh[ϏWdL\'|iLz~ g~i=?09J XωzH:ޮ N񚪵;ǚ[SVfx9Dz*z_~ќ)8 k@ɉa D?a!~\d. x-r\h)mwuʅOy'W.W#U.>/cOT|:Vgġʲ֢XGtGw!P_!t9;M8F'2O[Ҋo֢tXАChsOIL+;\/]Xri L~;p[14q >w2f*)+lF9q#y]0C}C˛GtZ}1jmaZ3ZΧJѕOѯ[`|}漾Sg}@" z~Ժ~}>eF:G@C!GuwOu!7:zroCs܉-ʛ'ؼ:WɍIuF{cKK\H+ߜeg]eS+{`rW;{97ꨃܼVzԗrOY7$*pމkK'] K;E$GOhZK赮Ywn:Xq}8\/uAkߝUڑͣCcf,ݢBnB5 5[>rCE CL[ew盖#0|}(V9D[X~=ǡJ;JiEt!@,w%,5=;];Pڑ" ['ޅ?@)O4M q3/1Cs`%aylG>0fMY׍8>msyʘD[ ͡?e6Wehz+t]fs7mY+f\_!.%ݸCa>t9KlJ 9eL>%|g,u|\jB{2h|ҎlKxVf館c _Y^k;{XaޓaKzO9ìӴnHqxލ#Ӊ4v<249>0NwYIQ>}qw'/'lpc3?m'SQ}f<ߤ_ѪeN0殺:Y҆Si4ͅ^]݊c5Mpgg?#s.1ΣL~:8r1-sya:t]:8c4ߴ* 1='-OњFys2 ЮFP 27rc֘"Wa4p$IDžv Km5 h,w9iNyJ6`}JtH/OU}ݯ;q00CߢYj=g_Y!8OPW`.`t=dи/>~-2[7ApG(=O7G5/rWH78mHt!<}5m w-]1F+pR%*.@a_ H7] 4G H~CK0ܟk5ޮYMhVn5vOKW;y+xUpw&k5DeinYK릯MߥazTΙF4J(ĻgE<%VSw?s.iΩ̑Y]Rd4i*W{Bsykzmh9 Uk MzOgӇdK22!~ k!Kw?nv漻L1t7|5m gzQ&k֏^Z1Bl|=t4׉^e]jɇ ླS>\ve~9.ﯥgUSޏ%5;"#b<8=.ͼuL\<Ip/mF\_'F.R$Y.U.NUypb/t2lQ>u\-N͉g y(mw!JQڵ'_Kq~iՔ.0'OGIjc'oҔ{FE=F*gm½΃jQ-j2yNPzޢu1 cߊziWu;Oݲi=d J^Wӹ!EB{rkZ'C6[%>n ),i$Y%?"Xx#L_=ϣ-8{>l?[Q6]ZK/'GxJ4_߁?Jp|hG*v{=U˘h~}`$TaY갢af:{zL4)>~J{[a4^ީ]\so;NwA gS?65iEtAZn>^Oѧ g:{_W1ry{͢% [ɞ@@Q'=ӇdO`AZ,|C|%rTl\1g׻ _?81-[=d]@߈O3^ksvh:w1s\|3r^K {%RIV^|EW~w1BjYtsS.ԹV~RO۴|̙K"l)-Uyo-րo2O Cs L״;To<_s3)CCItzRǭoڒp-u[w#ӶyR:˵([*+J\m9gQV΂[4Q;RK| oޜ]#%vc;MKm"U^gs'0nifOwj[ot '+5P'Y;d?1$(:SV짍CIN#dR x9f\l;gEwv P^?K^;Z`Zo}~I80zϬuM:JpE]/k0y- Kՠn3Jz__C_&A71z&e{Z+O},]-c^=WOP7ڼoMf kW5߸KCһXoI+c}jKL>t]:y`%S^/t`E:XZtw;dNtZze3i%ܷu%<8b\g%wP\ڌ~f.A} .j:kBl+\+F[|2ILOQS.3 dM="HFW໪>_}|]r@| |BTt;- m\ַ;\͂3NrC+Bj]}>Scx^/]ztmCC@?|~H?(O,XGWR>wBs 1N!́C=BȍtoRy{tǨ,SCz*gߨ%uiއsvgmX"yW"GۧbΤC>oWyG9hy.C3ܬ>5xj_9Opy^wiRyM㻫Vh )b*G ^͒ *W'}~eOizN9psv׷ G8˛p΃c4kU.^UjqX>W>O_)\|cO6kt=&,iHL_'{{W3_;B;=~ɒJHW +FWxZ{x~2!_Ǎ*;g]i{3ےSTu`/>C^&{S.||4%gHlCg-~?;=})ڜ*Y{y^awr V7UroZ_ {-a Hc{tZ΢^-|]s+ӽנ05u~;Upԡ›^J@X'{ B|żYT|ηb_emP?Zs0߭ضl]ER]ýLPE4Լ/5W{h޺.^|0ߖo[@! 28s7_׊Oȵks-_忀O|ۛr.O| z'ir3' _Ob{N6Zyc7е< |<M*0隶F+~g$!h^OyHpuZFuXf}zz:"m:ADoR6yDrcKYB1{6.' ;6m)j9cMcyY/NݳHio˳{\|Dz*V]zF#)#*#e6)a9g~aM'EqÄؼs8}9NWMv9(tҒ[΅XĮ1C?ZEU{˼[7 %9/:xsٿЦŊ3y8m=q=ELKL=J+EۗrC2f:"!~{]zW~_NP7{< 9u Lyjr-Ǿj9GkƟY?=d&(5'˔vI}n['k}`NX⳾].kg{K4N~鈴[_Wi؇~u'v }aɶ/LhU9kN,I#%׉FeߡlvwLp95z@mwtPZ)G5iʎ|;r3~ioL2|^^xI6((:XXc #\I>cg݄ת]ʻ]2T[^5q; #ToޚV巖غ(%m1kMTrmM6Ƕ5qVʚ3[Ig.eCfj^TSp3֊]󚆑kxQngETaYCymg{5V!~dt;vN{<޺ &_W\+uV(OczﱝuB{u/ {l<п3:Q3 re| =-+Z~[Џ<]qegi?mg] ,8?[{L|ZTl-ܡMnGv֮om-GiE;b?~ g9X( q}$N_ߌ^geUSZ}ADʃApi[ ?i5M\5+COw3_Å$tk5}?!V3UQ\hֻLf^ӻmM]~~pr:Ŗ9QOvkɧ -y|w.-qv7i$n~|.xJϫ/+ }`^oy< h_nO4/j;,z룜]J= 3_x|r]| õpҫMKK9p`)o -)CN?B.l[ v@x|Y_tr޶dgZ;l%l-!/+ 5ES!b:|`{{2Z&ʲLՆ:O.Gp-ӕ|:]{j+{3SR@:% s \/]ׯtmӏ"]a: %5$Z!s:ǺµJ,}Fگۄ˿6==WSFuǕ[ɺDڶw#p}D!ySOn[ ;Խ&)>^.,w-ӭol!^{j7ߖy}z}:"ͤ_q/vLPcN _۝\9/{I>uH^/ծ/uﬦ}XRⵐuq/x\.:u|e7Mִ.^u'Wy"?ܚSDѱ.oM{^/ծi`]\z]$uQ7w]D_!W}xd?XmN:Nu!}f?ZnK |!}GhVۏ>Rzcsp]:,.<3ԧcLQ}*>v鶵 ΚI߅KuշLyuǒ}#yLwxgQtx}'ſ\ Կ'ҝsߙ̠ߡN5UfzoX>mіuJQw!ysWr JgtBN'bcM<~x>9 GlsV?#|BJ{ӭ3MҀypȇޑ[[c}?Ӹ(Ym~Fi٤_m-/1(ڛ]:65'7HtM:i6--j7-MwrWn ݾwuUq}ק ˱Q٥ M\1g׻>p噖"Yݧ%4ݧwMK +!]A'E׏LSrl֞6V1O_?r t~mzA;ϯ5{pޯrYttoւZZͽv33fMgVmݼyYM/ =<{1BjWW4T!*w9蠿hz_:nMi=+їM̹̅IZ_&}[S.|}lbm>/Q6ˆ"LV+Tue֫3Ztiܞt#t1s.ѫ3/ ywЙ):t%:a3uɊ9Ys΃;_yZ=XK03^<[_+=_Wg~v'ՂZtjtf%L|̔+ ֙D<"TEn&rt^<U˘kW5:3yM|zWkև{[3[ޗm&3<@g,֙Cgՙ+ovT@wXU4>bAژmGȜ<68GovR U婟3tQ?8ȫ4*i}㌫$g==}Bg`ػoWwf)-O+篩%LO*8|\ݲZ}O'y%o>=˛Ǧa\Hn >C<3(3M8sr=pI;4ʸ ݓ0q\Sx.珋boȧ cwm_ X\'@V]zu-ӭCk%UVϫ򡰱wo^\6 b.2:^bv^1g~uY~pn4ye8ZspK.xV\^}a>$fKoX-y]{<_VEA/ȲeZ'l ;9쬇-;GyM<uWm IVm:}byCs-tZU|_[ג7Ff^#^zsaE}>i;_:nYے9K F':(Z>UirC}<7)Om'⻰VʿĶ6?N/kK(ap=e1x|/ 8iC8yBuQ&tuOsN#: COݿh^_'2k?PiEj, 1/QϲU'&ߋ9亄hU}>iT?ԉFێY=5 /Bz-T]w^/{T̤>2}kPOZ/\'Y\zy^3 Kie)Mc.jfp/kB7=̋vدra& ..o]U~p y'w}zz>y*V{:!CevzL<#:_|EWҿBjg響?Ke `QFENh鯢OZ{[zU3_omF8_FzNDm?~=іPa{(i{<)>sO/߫ݼE;9 j|vrp;?Oy)b}vy{xu)s2_xYy-J'xsRd,C\#M={;kkZkO[ ]ٻ5<\8op:n<([0ԁeZ' +\Ru;wy8ܝ[v {ceoe\^\&cFùx҄\p)iO{8گzPiR9N~b^Ҋ׾M0:O\hc᳢Sᒾ<`0PAwk&}[D|t(i9Uȝ"8dI?zMzȄe;dhgP=WEV=߷IԂZjI…tͿ@R@W5ooaݢZ\ +^ܔv:ۂ dYޗ#7- z%er,]vŴnKP?WS1m2WthլX?xLH 7p~oݨK*:դ~b(ܡnǫ!D믲? W̙tWI^.˃ y,p\jv]_'Ŗ%]2Vt2O5Vᬹ:kF9[xH-4Y̯nw,w${W4wrE]pl>e-U50> ?_ׇ)W `wKO^KϨᗕ c?CſP njk5z3' Gtכ)$ܳdNYKoh=2wM7"ޡfz3y)>'猛]r~/frmH~dk;GfomܷE%qP <.qn/)|O|%O?Oi*-wT޺ay'o?c/{| J[3Nzq3 nMS u38;d8-#tϸ8X5. ' aw )rmOݭ5[=!\tR5&{k[VI~>믲>~ yp=uɃ[<Ӝ5gh識f'b]Ú8Lᵓ6MlyS[?_n~F9pox.ɼ5N*fd-c^Iet~>$ʕz^yA0LKgCʓ+r1NO}԰y7е;L˷(C|[nBcSa%|ztmӏ";6S>vRZ']S.|l'}Rt xxn m`tt"3:rhX&~%l= s篓1$_>wna%53}b|k`iXwX'v o|}31lߋ Xqd4wC>q&K4p';&!ia8ǁ!l[m:}zQ70Ο0pu_NCyn˾$B ~xE 96,󪇔Ϋh+5#kT #a_d__u Wg^W|%F-Y4Rrh=$\V7nC^.N E/0hzQfhھ]4߯|:_I|0^GWb`M:CL|xP Girc= %7]Wi|OV^5>r^yoXUڽHO7g.2]MYبNBM{ܖnۼ{kkI\'v ݧftݣOGT Y]尢Czu$oOCg+ZwPs鵛ڵ|up.%VNZHGψ[ЗW_Ҟ oh׉ږO鵜}x~~X]no_;WZB;1O7P3z ;վG@]O:O<p.{h7Jd`1liׯt!Ët9LZ GN(W~ɶ49$S$Tڵ*ZW owq)>W\p1>y*_&}~!߉z\};#EtNUYHCG@pq`NO:8!)r$Bk51fp;Fiݼ߯_H꽓b`KE'7Fݱψzoc*h|~q(S> Yy} _qi\.!tquRGra$t§\Qzgg  3Uʃ? zRӊh/]fpswРM)2nTv9G_;{SC<7811F]ycDy\ʧ yY e1-_H{:cvQZ_-1c\kk8[廦~[%h},#n.` E+]Fy}]O ǜoTOyPDƄ|8cPO2s><#<nQ&o<]5pIT2oJ8'o#\ 3.qΠːf8ƹR/L8?4T|A5h?҈M~w?|= wYת[OF/VF/JA#ֶ}bf<{kXLV Mā7Q5߭KZ=4ϣGZIY:Z෪k-/i/yf>W!I'G< {|.OSscDV0KP"+{ٳgzD^W~J2Bk`p[/c%thGORC`E~Iz8t;)'pHq=1+yR^/Ǖebu,!UtkI,|e <|p<'tԁoؠnlPτFrcۭK;sHn3w{Y}:C7FV.n%xKt_ʃ_XJ]-K/5Ⳉ%mj;^h~&?lqȁQtilbЇHϮigrdr>\]qߐp.=-6-9Slk.@eo1eʩ̫4j?߳8Jog40x#3Ix?GNë/]{+\(cTrQRϓT)x<W.sn cܿlٮ<%l/M9GmO\ _s><> b>xֶbK8o! O\~~U{ˢ(-$C~LFِȏ<3qc>_l^%|X!v,(^%ظDi(3^xv)/}"^x)o;"RVV>טhQMm]yiC y C!ӋSs=νNaSF/?QU&xOw|0rCe+aJӤc.6,GZ?3SmSnYFyY?)SY?R5Yj3E7lj*[Y?z5Lu\__hvI53צկ#ޯ~-#/uvx_72+#ޯIΨk#گ 7?~1pKCGzVމEge%Hu$zƛeMBecgIKn(vde(f*)m.R:VmKQPʱK=;W tD9X߬Z|Ίs|t(*݊g/IKz3>.[(}.ʠRgʣK-[.*^[>69y֥L3-W]v6%Faܖ}H uңjQ3lj<>z;~ydF6 |DjMOMG_Q|/C~PzpУ:*:z!c4:(i~NˆD12z/M9ni3qvݮykүC~mۍlNP>&<#YSmxH-_m]F_s|}%~MJ)Gڵ~cwyw6 \"anGY]+|̒\^Ή˗OF.QE:dFo}HʳX!ՏC:9;g8 ~u#yh4!e2ڇXSmܣF6wNgv{h=sZE{E5 8ws^|TN9期p8%/}hS :=NuR팕LY!:4A+8tYc75SW QɊ^~5z~< AB'v69WY=\B'_znic~-7B'xH#7{(S'.|/tjqd>631s*:q%WdE8K:+| \vX]6/~"?%o>6yg8ԯ쳟D?_9:ahʫv+ W?T~ ߓ~okF_w?W_k:n?M=UϸF_Q~keүkX҈]ZTn6恦'G_]e|}~}=-u g7`#7?_>/;ך_/ߘOa|HC_5660z\YIԦ/hnV~~mWӚ~!'<|ˉ46}~Ui/dDhv[ϓ!_43.vi~ ^JǪ!UEm(bt]Wڷx|K)ƛc;#܉^Qۯf>F>W߷I":Dxf-oʾ4\#NVI\tCU?b?=ay#jwW4gGzGk_.?3ߙ١/{iU=Hok\zG].O>^28kVe~ss+';8I:A\~n[ ?rG)&`xmk?͘rӏ2OR[hz{ӻZ461AsMB\)>>!㴖 *S˻3Ey|?^CI~iˋ.t=yEut]8N3}lwCo Vtcɿ!Czf6ymUӗzqb.b:}_<ٲVR/ٗN@MwH.nzg>D 7a%b}X 9w'Sۯs~+aT_AWy;Wp'uQ1Q΍*G?fy':uT]c*seyuw٦o8.ACT_*^(/2_1[?[/O< |XBU$z̃(ФL[ϒ)JnljvzwDuQ5%zψ߲|ۿ4>OQoBڮz?mi - NMOR?Uʂ=TQiRm4o i[+mҖ\ۡ$v& ieū'Edlc2yr׎Ke#g]"7O׋TF_,85;a/I-gېEG us|pϕ}5x2]z4yQ%GM?&x:ArqrB$ %O6p۴0hSK_I١3X_)k^,˽5ʫC~r׻% ڇng˧}*AHI^[ux5 Y뽲[z>ͬe՞9|=sDwo. ) ^ Ki?Cs1x!h-u]R2sU_hv$uEFw ~.h7|'O a|vAӔAVRk*!_4[oPFȃ*R}&7LH{{WSІGvjp ~ZSD[۰l7u7wO[i :[|[4] w^~H[f{%W#P+-><񢫛7eM[yfߤ2굽B$֎sh{ --j}5I; O8+ap3Iqo-&顎u +ߥ_߸ :7:;:u±yzL̒Zɭs/oDPC[Ÿɦs?콋e=3|%ꙸ(~߱xL-bۖq<#_&X`R]<6pGE2ݨ0=^I.ۼ%:,_ऎl[ٟ){mZ'&=35#D[ԟb//JJSirXyQQO!7*k>O)Z^V)`+RR=+=#| agֻəG <||XS0ܩ&|MiзR;ZiS/(]X-<<m.tacǒ`ucR *r$~c708c? C>a|\ ed',HL/㯖$&IT)2BWzKIg|{@xyNcڿwgr3%q3R7>0PuOjנkׯ6m 1qR!szH5OGb7bSجX}+q3љ)9 mNqv`cu ȋ} g5E!,IKw?(oB+V% w8п!iYL"C_eVrv~%Qr^|̟9~Y&;ش1<A#1XLb_F6z>~>gbMn,`B,;JݮV7xTk-~霷Q]-3|x<{lbN%NcJl^cAyx_mΐAؑ$/Bp6-jWzHdȭ1VB^dZ,Y搭2滧 {ro3ȳ5%-~Wl}x:9?K_ 'F۞2?{1xݹ#-a}\=E$rdg9*c|\xomNftָhT' | ģ}'Ϗ t]| 7n^.=k==7Yz,)2 _-Kϗ=]5Ýs었Tcd?~) Zk;7)خg2@ޓqȑZ-{;5^ˬՙ^WGAr9X.[sXֶ60:){yollz#_G{ӥqҸj6{>ˠuot^1Nc;cE7;,ZuF&wGxGO%KH;ӥ{E}1<Cƞ]=*nexfoiN-6_[<r՜v.Yv.꺷us6m[ 7-j.{@XFIsQp;X{sog΅֘X#/9M"@,"M@vW&!k*x6p?ᾐ,~z>߉y|;k/G[k|W[0׊Z~d<PW|>D;(*  OP!'$8ɐ`WcĆ *)5i Cu&pÛZ^&Z@c95>_MǯCS~*F'yg[} J:Ȃ<]?7~ P:! ,C{m@MN/ }EtL`|٬ôUAx^C? ^ J8NtBOAsGT9'=|6MB?uDҝzZ[kMj9uk&EZʘ}Iq{kr)`zx?g_G4*d]{M뼭ȸU hɊ^R;=Lmi!%R^+"M_]=_;>Jmj,l܌ljSlWô.;{փ+^njѦQmWB26:8nv.j# ka"ײSjr=vil%%)Ĭ=wˠ &#y?U&v֜7[ #G4O\xyϰ/qSR@ jѿ#,ؖQ| : F{,%(4JޟIL2(Ook^|or8 p|Zp*5db{q?Z>5y  blM\>\${=ß'DA.sxQ@ T"6c/'Ԍ .s_Na=oC8Xq+ 痾CeR?<V { 2]@,d-"߿XcN`_o 6SH^eAy" Tr#o~0{oW PDcװ7}dٍR ,>\CZ:T%󚊱лϯ ^DNtˠ'Gx@.}x<|?*͚gy:q6]H$Yμɜ[9WD;D c+ǫyuɿ%5͂4p]BDY2#\W_)PW+ugY]#.&jq٬`ONWWp9ÒK8VBzs $S`ܻ4s۱7STIl_ R캻V޸u:ex Эa}@ǵԯ zeF?fxm _k3q6tF^[ښo!:Yۈm}'}TwiDjgĖߒ?o*jmwG+_/k~gǾ-G۵v2o0*^[ߙ7~8>ێ߼ز[[˓އڛkƢd9n{w&}wZ4=nٴ-h[l>['cߔ71{`}#3f6.@,"@,"@,|mS/@,"@,"wMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:53  ? a(16&2\/y1 ,+{|zx UUϽsgQpǝa!L3/|+*) _>BT2Ԣ~Thff|~9Ξ9ށ;\~}{Z{='y\R7Yth]]y=/]p^ʻmxM ݣuqOQ~Y;;;;ÛeE'{g/We6W]-ۆi*~BKdp)'z1S~ݩ^oGQ_7|?Fq<+eEMqHW{ʂR~\BگFy/%NijW XDMW %s#qp'|ϛhrͬmsxj9g{^o?;ܓqo<6~7)ެ;OzOjo⺅iMMnsUF!9ą}C4zIY_~ꩤAa݆vy7:p6S컗7t~QoL8rtIN7IԨJWIn_q"YP/qbUF]=#X#̐ɓ1MO Q6co]d!Hg52V1#;LC3X^8 P! oGOD?+ͳÇmDѧ3 ,GxX(QMx/ǿILiW%._l?$(~,xnGU!ԁ>asZU2JG}J(z˲a{jǫ?ʎVϘZ~uީ~0ӂA% RsEK˻J0y:og#O0`¼/:ユ#f\0b6cEyoZ;Y#oey\WarA ;{V*uzdow|Gyzyɚ '',Br'(v7LT8NԳX13 e<4@Q}5+<ˮ0Qo).)T'#'8 xGK$mK9mY!YP@ְFyӖ]ICo jJjJֿ^ONPDc63=yʋNenm.{ iyG|gLro-火V5䋶oN6Whgڏ$_V~5P6 ~PP'VˋYD<:!c98Ƈ{؃Fuc]9q"XH.uzqkq"<.a2T'UyV<{u'n(mR(e5Xɻ{O`6潢 3׬f4Ld}qNÌ1swFtלx\N x 1?c{ 'A܂18' Ӓި1SceٽqŹx^sIQ߽wI^*8iN{΢E1&Gx@nRL5mõq-~.z%|1-c.BFY\pԕ\fhIv-?)9c18veP6NFec2JѹjJRwkLnms|ܙ1TBccp]W[5v^|P^e/46Nma5ym޹3U<83wF^m)8#[դq&;y6ᾐgGvf7S㱇r62&mQ^xv.$] o:#Nïbwv2R2q]j f?9Qss*(7!ˢ}6N^ǵX<D>w;g3v]/y[iW3`=^Vw>B3oC)ӭ_rmU_E׌͡:c0o`>a9.đrDYyLSnR^lyH=yp-XHGa KOZ,-/dp*^&}G LѕYMBYŲr-_ 58$ oϕUky`}eFoш%edyxN`=#7ޘ%7)"+ǾFgL䞼{'kZZK`F +~M;L @.yns_*l(iohܰr蒹uQpK>fhT9#INVxt#ϟv̱]~V ]ƭ(Dsá=׽7}97憗&5ˆbn}Պh+־6I][43wfQ\fp<7$!䅌L^uP3774yZm];7 a\;Ûȵ!:v_rvݥMjXWm|wu1y;dq_he#*E 85N^5]^Ӭm *`6.f~&0Ƹ0\ ŝX,{m@a&Vso9[)|:u6 e^󖳷ҹsbs̹ۗ?o/+n1 ǒ[ʕ_2qܙgv+3~U334~߷Xgx3~FMk׶Rmh}Y/8''+X4ic_O;IuߢF3p$6q 831`+7a>6ck|8y4MA[ w^>-sd ܅뉛2+dCskSߺb.|hMݤtg9ɟnL֐u~c=*Y|t \M^2?]ş/5V2~+v rlmm)ȵݚ6;y'Ng3cb[/1010;ɫۼku7k1c`tJco&˵kۡO\WE6alQm`Xp` 8+8{Q\H?;L8uv5V blk1>4YcF^[siǵHZ5l{ily1h\vX7\OЬ/7xezwaksU/ ߖD#,=?.iqy6[wǵҹXzI~/ЃwT$W^8EJ< ~ٲT]<'UG*~BzI\;6pSjv YL]~H8 Lv^ axC|1~ykf.yMG:F^S0Q'pY[ݔI[[Gav{ڃ~WsB=mIoU\pٛ3ȇ7q𮅥{hӽ2 dџMo_StfC50u"'.1 R2G ǖlϋ}2-=qYyV' ݃VDK8pl\ʶ{t$"{с'VLb W$/_-M U9:\N"ej 5>''|]h#֖o ܓM '}_pX!=`33";D= C}ZJa{GPgR8ڞU(c2`$</S zLxjDȗu8cυX 1x% soåxQj`lB/6y xav0>?\!3W+ҕ¼_&p-ߋ +W0L! +~[k2Oq`}= 20[xh똬)b| |ZO^ )X1G+Z*8e /ixlrmyL a!Ζ([Y'rC6G? re7S0ӟ`Eax}ݵlx SV$.Y\xm8}8_wWVl=tU^6XX{6xěsl]bm6VBe=XBvׂWx=xxfp scM)cQ,I`^N~=Mgކ5d|7oi',vp~⾢7 P봶Ro_ Wȁw˅X i4>(kwoo~a7wR>ryi+?dg< ٚ8-឴_5' 噎[ i2 JyOVZ>kXokt w%W-r1q K{ vؐ5`Ҡ'dgc/jO.rcwFo^;@w[U j4aE3Y|_nzdA3Fzb/!ai2,sOzHZNO9 O 6#~LAOי }GU/,q  .i]AW̾_µ(xknZb"ް3X^Eɘgzc-/.a"u`V6.KV`P][{F>߿RLaSX0;Ѧ``dMk#xωCNfCV[ٖ\7AVZ\ 7LϬ G?6=2?n Eyd?_q+xkĖwHahcp[jj}=+Kcy-lɘཌྷ9w/t=/oH_e8H^3t6^㏤ZWD#]aaY1FtCu.7Io5e2< qO:ďK YnkpR=eRa$RDjml74}$+4n糳8zUIj*YeC{7-M\qMy8a0|ZZpJ~8i#[9ɇ6hFGܞ I[8k#ې6j?ߠb煶K/,~ MigØrL&&9'caoxHklk}QmudH y|so'{{/Yp Wnj:#"Wi ;Pi8cŪzƮۿ ߈k?{t Aogu]_- ƲXh{?-=@{B{\ ,,*ڜAZ#G έʲ~xC:Wg,y a۳mD "֋9m'wW%~U $QiL1Fb{ 'd뗆!8i +|+7`o=t 00!AE'8ah$8B[uia|Ԫ0awaɎv]sNfC|jG<;Yatkq4hc8t6?_6]3Ygko`x$ޝ8}i?ķ`w{_c0L^ҟ1mv\`#W'n<E`JQ~KvU-D Six O*ޖ{Yo,.H3 qg&Gi1WXO)u6o|Ĉzu"(ʊsbp|Kaܫ3WuK'i5ClO`}l]ÝVަf)<扐['0מS'{%_E.,>xjxWϞ1x+;`/1`1!;ȰvZja o o*4 ?,^s?Z:br1`~O).)Ě<,i/~1?r9v9kXm1?̯E.VĊ8xòGQ_3ݬhN }~1c3w@IŹ}Piǁ&4~dxm{aY9V~Yb0_~KsO,LEvs츪],]lս]a|'"(=Y۰ZtwɗU9 $:rbtEL}"2uq]7,3B: z>5.6t Tru.+[˷\K%RAr߇"k Jm:}:$ˍ:G/.# Ӕ7wEQ$usⲹ1fza B%p4wJ|0?g";p֥X;>hx8)Tbso07a.c*D8rIPR<83]a \ua@ZIR]`)EfdwAd:k7Ji{] 쵮~;kg~1tnz؜*l.'^9]9}8u/,\G(p"+ca;ǔ~5_cw0(EJל h2g+U"; KbN%M;CiVCC{HKWo?Lwct{zjEREo}y>٢/'Louowww?Ph/5Jȣbd Bplɲ{|ߖ"WϽl9-^r}y>(|Yel)?A%jk{G7^ޣf>nt%W>oK‡"Wt_Le Rr&o#۔ 6{OjFJst枰\l~TgJz5A?Ym\.{@&nNUظ+=,K3=xncx|}cJ3uڃn;[;D,&>+N92w®|E+7zouuGgpríUrQ>.^6, Z,+S)>x1[Eu>JWUR .v%wm4b07)7Rx㺯ֻY!ߩ}5\ZaV?򁿎WziQpoc[_wgMun}x1G5BuD)=?)rynEZg}up}-#/q<һm[k[@q]VU|Mǝz-Q^Zo_#oI"U(I.qn2SuVMhYl:av2݉TYkebX{Ǯ?QTv[KIk>GxwZ}h)Ԭ=cےb=J)v]4u1vͱ)5\{k<)6jcaK=mlԍҌ|;OA&հ̍{^&?#:0Nek.օG16S4{c0R&+eS>&03"! DR޵An9Jƕ qNTup_f\Cgɯԇ5[-3>cQ%eכ!de-_7wF)EӳyKC1?+TTrk} m4a[֬XlުI9 )mǮ]h͏wQ; ON-z y?x`pq5/q9SS&H,:Mt:m<[VS3}԰>EۖէtYSԶ}@.m9s{jһ}[btzʉQyz0ĵ*3'*sWY.{9\U[9C*_(; Tʊcjs2m ʎR TYL=OIO=.kG׏##].#=O#]Ș_=ݖWmЯJǕ^*}d9qa\)NOm9dn^!VSxG?vSM2+%bqLqHW@N~(i?IqPR/p_r<X-+Ȋ\!}s4-yʵiCxS<>\C7nMI$N>N["u=4q2lb7_9O`M\dIJVWpY>Q>\CV3D}Vsl=Ig/Cfgn1{䳶͞mٛb6y1mrm_8h.gթ/L%80&K)`{pGuj]/d?= }قӊgp){m~6&?m8@ɑ|h{6IlrfvЎ/kOnupX2up9a=;spc4gάYzwᖣ"".kpќ9YN.+. \̲UkpȯUS32הbm õwR9Z{aj̄ty#hU\*Ƨ)E{S3m/=¯;ң/#=O_#]\gnz??uRf~~ƺ\6[[YyWjZ:~\ dTئUWWƮl.\-Kn#tV1e5! vµ]q]$<=D׋D{ǦϬ>:GV^\(^,+Ftp"qsr>?H.ytȧhlh(QOYQ)T1QÝ98:mJ-ⷻ)mrT.aD2=kSBa3mg6:.sVCUW8l#k;ڮ̸ֿWpře\FGV^\+EQ~5WPV~am4~Wcʌg2h\u=ߪfR=c_RarUuM/_,LV"eUDΝil3 s髺JT7mF?)CqX GZ(ڟ*UC}+ԧ V9Y}sajO_MWswRKuJ{5Ue7/>q܇B~~ij}_j qنݫjyïkZί? >3}t͋e"g>=i˻Npp1N\U$}P%eկke"Ɵn^+Eh Z#Z Y,'G^-VV-~SV\?*<8ڱuNm;…~n<m"S8WwUQV?^x.4++]V\7_M!V^f~(0{S9)ٹdGQ큘̤ډ{ 9 ̌ɌTޣ>-r׎LGwZb!ԙ6qB@6.S9[$]w ݇\ G mCS%*IoiKeC}!G\#T+8>Elywm۲6?YgSXc[ۣ'f[;' l NؖٔS 2]圪ޖ-CĶԕ$$Źg$b/T[ꚫSͧSN˱ :U7U e{ףf<ð;N>oνnʏgp+:I?3KN$]bBuhN!3JԩɊT],Uf+!tR~,I^Rͧ[󀪫42*n ƼZ~nT^=^|15ݺ@[{sw6^!3L8*hAJm藫kA]{ywm+ w)<+ڔ=VIY2ZEg/1&^xdTƽs~>f׎mR(Zŗv|/c8A_8֕+BO,M)õwq=z?ۻڍRٻyF] 77֯{!v.1ykܝԑN~WٽlE:bm"<3,wFtŔ9Urdoͯ*WN#@ؽYL;-)~^PNnwm6/_mi8_^"/#m`펓L_UJ7mK Tyeh$'[t<Φ(DKɣRɖdgjkNtgpm _)&Clʸ\2E);*+*m -QWJJӗ};G'q+n㷥ib[El'>*۸v86e&/ɕRl2:3* ]&^)~tfjX.6?Z.)/֟tk:=%b.hWi No tҙ}-{pxv? hr`:]{`cW?7vU~/Q6p [+U檆IZsYtg~։_#A5L`u3|y{6f`b9Yu3z{v:<5V?֫Gl)4~Ӷgɏ;)ެ;Oƽw$XW5È-nמ^Iyk_靼l^} }B~[VR.[{iR%1vN$p]A9W-nLË ?rbo~˞37 V巋# pyuPw?-WZפzx|_$dO%[L.+):^Ffӿ+>,Mwj]ulѼizg۷g ( q@+y~ǭc{{I+~2*n[Tp?H7[?ϯ[Iޒ>̐8Q}*~k\ )}-{^\+īwzUh80y7n}G4%Ps|ȝS\V)`+1FEyow'ţwIed&~̿4 7a.c!{޷h?4vte+O*K)pmzTD{%9XJθ#Φ'9M|Pƛkn*M6Av)M_ դYB5#wQ1ern2<)+Yaw}"*w>m3>;3~[#&7O'+X~|ٲ$/7:gS\==Kɣbd[ȱ% )zvʇmiT_+re1~ls1}H[ٖ-+~OuO7[oc6/b$+Dn\76{,=}yB|'GR?_=oue*w~{Y3#6i gD}TgƮUf gNǘb(+0w32CVQ=pv厩m@=0Oqf ]#j~S_]FOWW'iN.Q9#f`7?λfjkKޝ7ɕ]i!b̹5J,܈[w.Ο).+*|vٮUUghn_aLՇs٤.(cQ<18ba2C;ueܕɌObb'Ħ) {|6vʌQqm6@[IT]w)M١-DxWIiLInH$9ol[H,֞6 'oōUhn*~RM*oU=MeNKOƯ$[6.f/)]1h3E(L]xiK['͡w+?sŗs"W.GfGg '7fm'ɦ1zMf{{'4n52Nq{tkeBXӯjxs*˫_B_lϩSY~Y۠oWf ,+⽐_;G.GA-揶~̊6eA(VZ U8S8ܵyoskWIv&gyiqvkW[%39O9)d c:sj+sIBݳWg ]F£t@Mþ]$ݮ8 N~Q2.8;jcbrdr V>n\cx-ᚤ0<-\s.|2kyqs\6V\3n[ؗ|VOڭ}'*y-gs>pQ9;Sj\sC\5\|%lq#;jb_xukqm \{:fVL0͸zطIzyp_WL_^#C\r;ʊ9rאԊAS+>Wv\C\gp%\/;.ylנE_+;!9\/ %eŜ9[OӷU.N͖0F;З 1wXN#aPdG~̊J9քAYX&Ɓ`feCs67v}Ge k{)}y[h޳]Ҽ4ie3E{xs}bxߗ\8 l%w &3-q\ofL3ogDV9}E7 n_>]>xM+&Wu^߭=>-0˛;q%o Mgt|}軵qiG7A1jXp̍د+=:{ 3߻p׿yǑHb d{~yܵr)~7\x:ats suMUtN]")9N3S,cϻBowSu7U骚8|^{mhkJOW][l^wL4zG'iA\'thB]AEyUd303&3R/7`m_>5*4##D=9ٜmB K_\ GM4(P7G㭎>a.o]{CJ̊6egeDWح;17V{%)M⡤x{߬+#)2Lv \0֞'b ǽ(U]Yo|\>=UWѶUbiUb|.9~v Ѳ;m%>Fa-scQpFX&.ZWMQ~?!'wa,3{xw}X aS9]goKϛꇉȿZọUƣ{ߒ{^D}d;Ue-2٢q6E%zN}- ߜ_ _p)'[wR}Mm"W>3mE&((t{ 6;OmmQPG-&Xڽ Q%'[㷥"WG>*۸v;I8DܨMޔo|!,-ޫ|\{еkk:Ren=0~uMtՙ=+iWyc׬D:!yy+B{Ep3?8G<_SnyVW/bu؃TDZs~-- m~֒\, <Vw>;@yƌ}̕>Xox=;;;~#nfuUooN3|6}[c~~DBhIC<ߴh>K~GMfy7:~:ono>uS9/fO9\ö؇rpN95^[hfoWw3Aaݖvy7:p6S ;{ycR7rmB̿1|/M? (e[4N.xn}n}0EƉ܋gz@ZczOy_okV+WDY}w~A{SVߒV)tu"}6D;Ǐ9"H=D^[:/=Ƒ<,c1V7?(xQT)Mv9V}F%I,,94  äàííîé ñõåìå ÈÍÑ âêëþ÷åíà ïàðàëëåëüíî ðåàëüíîé ñëîæíîé ôèçè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìå (ÔÑ).  êà÷åñòâå âõîäíîé èíôîðìàöèè ÈÍÑ èñïîëüçóåòñÿ âåêòîð âõîäîâ K k x k  }, { ÔÑ. Êàê îáó÷àþùèé ñèãíàë ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàí âåêòîð ðåàëüíûõ âûõîäîâ S s y s  }, { . Ïðè ýòîì îáó÷åíèå ÈÍÑ ïðîèñõîäèò â ðåàëüíîì âðåìåíè äî òåõ ïîð, ïîêà êîìïîíåíòû âåêòîðà îøèáîê (èëè íåêîòîðûå ôóíêöèè îò íèõ) L l e l  }, { ìåæäó âûõîäàìè ÔÑ S s y s  }, { è ÈÍÑ R r y r  }, { íå äîñòèãíóò ëèáî ìèíèìóìà, ëèáî íåêîòîðîãî çàäàííîãî óðîâíÿ.  ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ â ïðîöåññå ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ íåîáõîäèìî ó÷åñòü ñòîõàñòè÷åñêèå è äèíàìè÷åñêèå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ÔÑ.  ýòîì ñëó÷àå ñòðóêòóðà, ïðèâåäåííàÿ íà ðèñ. 1, ìîæåò áûòü ìîäèôèöèðîâàíà ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì (ðèñ. 2).  ñõåìó (ðèñ. 2) äîïîëíèòåëüíî âêëþ÷åí áëîê 1  z , îáðàçîâàííûé íà- áîðîì ïàðàëëåëü- íûõ öåïî÷åê ýëå- ìåíòîâ ÷èñòîãî çà- ïàçäûâàíèÿ, ÷òî îáåñïå÷èâàåò â ïðîöåññå ìîäåëè- ðîâàíèÿ ó÷åò ïðå- äûñòîðèè ðàçâè- òèÿ ñëîæíîé ñèñ- òåìû. Íåîáõîäè- ìîñòü ó÷åòà âëèÿ- íèÿ øóìà ïðèâî- äèò ê òîìó, ÷òî êî- ýôôèöèåíòû óñèëåíèÿ àëãîðèòìîâ îáó÷åíèÿ äîëæíû, êàê ìèíèìóì, óäîâëåòâî- ðÿòü óñëîâèÿì Äâîðåöêîãî [16]. Çàìåòèì, ÷òî â ïðàêòèêå ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ íàèáîëåå øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíû ÈÍÑ ñ ïðÿìîé ïåðåäà÷åé èíôîðìàöèè òèïà ìíîãîñëîé- íîãî ïåðñåïòðîíà èëè ðàäèàëüíî-áàçèñíîé ñåòè [13]. Ïîýòîìó óêàçàííûì óñëîâè- ÿì äîëæíû îòâå÷àòü ëèáî êîýôôèöèåíòû àëãîðèòìà îáðàòíîãî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ, ëèáî ïàðàìåòðû ðåêóððåíòíûõ ïðîöåäóð àäàïòèâíîé èäåíòèôèêàöèè, èñïîëüçó- åìûå ïðè îáó÷åíèè ðàäèàëüíî-áàçèñíûõ ÈÍÑ.  çàäà÷àõ íåéðîñåòåâîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ ñëîæíûìè ñèñòåìàìè äîñòàòî÷íî øèðî- êî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíà ñõåìà îáðàòíîãî ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ (ðèñ. 3) [16].  äàííîé ñõåìå (ðèñ. 3) ÈÍÑ âêëþ÷àåòñÿ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíî ñ ÔÑ. Öåëüþ îáó÷åíèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ âîñïðîèçâåäåíèå íà âûõîäå ÈÍÑ âõîäíîãî ñèãíàëà ÔÑ. Îá- ðàòíîå íåéðî- ìîäåëèðîâàíèå ïîçâîëÿåò îáåñïå÷èòü ýô- ôåêòèâíîå óï- ðàâëåíèå íå- ñòàöèîíàðíû- ìè ñèñòåìàìè ïóòåì “ îòðà- áîòêè ” ÈÍÑ äðåéôà ðåàëü- íîé ñèñòåìû è âîçìîæíîñòè èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ Вектор выходных сигналов S s y s О }, { ФС S + z -1 ИНС S + + Шум - Вектор входных сигналов K k x k О }, { Ðèñ. 2. Ñõåìà ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ ñòîõàñòè÷åñêîé äèíàìè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû Вектор входных сигналов z -1 ИНС S S ФС + + Шум K k x k О }, { Ðèñ. 3. Ñõåìà îáðàòíîãî ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ ñëîæíîé ñèñòåìû "x{lTEƿBAYZ`h-5yD$ IkMPQVF4D>P" FQH-;fwoĘM|gΜ9s;n\!wrґݥ ~gӶ&Qy0[yzij6~l)Ρ)=5!ޘnM^0e)_#UM?]ަ1gM<^21eF`$m\s~NhBZa d f96f|Ӡ|G L^470+ߦYᬑT̑-zg4)'wa)g ==T M·b]G&sKNUUz' ggLyWEЉ)l*8!56”Kd|lٓיA3Xql=/{vgˤ'Q3]y^ɚ!zS]Rx֟Ō613+k8eڏm-tsa ez:=k838QHq%h/TIh#Zʼn_W% ↋8j \E܁St15[A \Զ֚x}ޣU ^OE-\xp6/ҶV &W^ݜ}}& y'1aykrX <={9 x]]}}p%/fw0v'39s0wo 75dfSՀ?7gy^S75*C"!ɉ"^մE¨~LDou$uOއ/E֯c'سS/]"^B]l^יӳ=wx2mIuTz:uTz,ۺ߶I>tW[vLu{cqx:=Ǟ#ߗ=}z:?}mXȦy2mϾ31ev^<;ϧ7{q~ܶ߶>~+>X9ru 2d @ A 2p: 2d @  ;WgMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:53  N zM(16*2+/1#{l`xUUaareyg``P)$<ѨP 5(+)Ű2%Vge=_2h$=3{s %?kZk>SyޗgTx)cj=:%WqyC9*Ux =mz=IT{Oy)oww)o}VԥjZ\Q\m}oS}l3tO}qVW3Wjԝ> Y5 c*Rg`E&H t.nju5):Ohk}Yސ0NNa%"%B_At W '}`gplyCs bؠ݂6x4KuOy^kCCybw%ckQ0dWH_tJY5[SWT;/zw)Gj=lu &44/25MAH WmBG-ޛt䈜uIN7UФFOWI%5pq!}Uy&p/5Exd%Vm蠼oT<>BKHϤUJT]n}ڻHSM]Y{Z:nfˠuN^9@7OPM7/HuMBͻUt dA7 M$݄&+W7{ͫ=/yWnw`_%C[׼uZu {YoxkWݯV{[[ \ۤU Jk _#Nպ\A}`@g%i¸Q|'.K:I'6in=Cuom[heug,b'[_`'~P#Y`ҒdTyKqx7K{onW 2PZݭri җxVJ!*SN'إ [>L4Mu겶 ]Ɯ&xgSkJhei!Te0Ɛ'r}CGre$+odF_t6cibk}V 9l&5ɉ1&# nQj_~뼗ook,7u߅A>g/|y& o&cå-k|E~OYdj8xV}FGF' 5 G٠|_HGJ!׼WupIpoG؉5jO/O86歌tzn#u` >>О#poi/Nʛ^MG53M~ܱ [t[Xo?TݡX6*>lT99D]s>kW7ǹ'n<28W McF>½gmf0YR=8@yOvVs)yB%E㙹zҴN{ڟ;Wo${_Ӹ{ǟ}$mz3F9kxF)F6}f xyw&;ƈxlb|& tʑG{5&1FV QBa$t}Qo䌼PIQڡJKȻ~Hz6T>2֘{8m Iɮ4ea^-F 2k"nSK(>GHɫRZyC2H%8[+y C]f0\viɖ~dO|#ƻϏ xFHa=!&uk-ae˽K^1ȣNt$;zHL~J˵p=Vw_M*at,'kDKoח=W7 o|/1asMFvo!%e!4Y17Q7i WR]XaІ;I=2]1r$9WxnM$HyH 9v?X$GW$7^+HQ>Y6}_ˋx\wyM62mG&̙s:Is \]"ϭۭU٨?҈3~ߑJo>P :`@x؏'S ۝kqU=g4x]%Ζ=}}oft*V[v7|pҪBs$%E܏L/ӵG&y[ںu!޹mIj[hjf qܹo ^ⵝ=n6F&+k-[xt8eٟb;6loSG!"6ҰA|wJ(4s]ew7;Vc~^ yrQxr*}v|] QUmOo)xVB_ Z' yOzBOɨtt-~IFMKuWK{kp|oulll򨃹 Ѵacε ܋quul| l6BbsKv3w~Kx\ YVFOϙv:l]~5^My:W W>ƛ<&lkJ-puſW^ ^ȷH By_{ ^/ٝ{zR\P _{koo<ӡ~2g:k#\z/zvzL}L{բy- J 22y!;_g*>G@!5b^(6~C?}.H^<4ka yhKw&/s+>Usuk?w6=Ha?,3^m>JcGD׮ ?ueEp2A;kg}khO>o-Wzc=Xc'0Q'au:pdOרݲ6:-FkGtQi<__rRdU) |/g-b}>7S7 {K]Y֋/of 0Z)piWFgdmYU /^v6*Ƕ6to,hZvreRQvwmK{kS.-F}LU3G+[㫴kAF6% sAc- ]Z˞F,,&/s ~SuxMF6ۼߊYǸ~>(丏E>VE}\38Kcrv k -"~& ?;OtƩ =䆊w"]`6]َ*TB5*iOq3i8b~RM^3J.t.Kw)ذyB]_$W!?3tA3 ?)=d_sdy%!S.ȋ\ž!c x$mޏ[БOzVԁrO"?=6{^֭*,wZ5/OS]S/ľ>OGEپOA>7C?{lD^g9J9fR*=pv%Fp=Qƞ{uv޲< m·Z#2|H e7g<"!,&q4;ˊ~ʺ>OVxBʰ~tWwWZ6u-gZ킾 :wvIb# ' GDC?ldE> W^W?y}=(y8dri|<+u'rt*lW*Oc=.)4K홿9 s/,ΗD玕z߀B엝$GJQŻ;EݴigCDVRnZegH-}ZhLrbI4ߟS{2wd!Sja3]ؒ޽+]-T0ZoNirf1N ϵn{}OKN5m+~/(l>7뇸MBk޿Ru<+`/yaItp};'*2=f~Wڂ}B+5}5k 'q ҭ[K6#@#{b4J h6kGB٬Wn뢕J;ZiIY?Ca7uCO ύdaʃkVyoi5YV/nChxeMLhXYB"|tHz F8n2VTCC(>4( 2%v?Vrl4gс~<-{i{"pN:U+f~c3=}c $-/6>k<4SxN:xGZaCG =RPrD'4+,:e dDE {d~jC݅$[^w' ޷/mlׅ@Vr޿fNK.8{5X5d2qkm<2`O)CAW={NRH[k@(~(hkC7hn7?hdºH|-ɞv!E@`/%r*W$m{/%{/vA&yt{%ن*3IF|h&P. ߵrk [Y &mn{F hǕw5 %{>BޥJ;\imr5㡿y⯇>M]˽)z6;VSIԍ'\"x;'y) -f6\Ihk'nC,NhyV[m!ON7{~k16Ҏnە߆ĻR$1Aq=^^WʏKs-^/.ՙL{]B)>JA{]JU3,o؞MuedxKZ "Fs,Pœڔg!MZ /X$J؈B7zrV5;MoLJ+_{K{l{F9xo{lc&/dg{ʈW8nM^Ovvɋ2 *ɻ`N^ҹB\ОhG.GF,H#%u䥠lH(U8XG~n6_sn}}"B4|>|pi0[|EOjtA>y%Kq[| =o.S͹y$4Gdlez߈/,l7?i1<Ӛ\i'RۣO;4WwH%ϥ)dgœ,噭Li}u-_K sAO>-tɧ=0Irc?i9XlSq߇<|xĴǛ:|dv6y\~cޢk_o}YeK`_8g_=| x7IeO8LOlog+\RQ?PsRKَkpվ,=v΁'2xgp~[=?;c{A,ݹMk홖_#䟞_tx0Wzz&4_0(%M`+$< uBA>tCƽ#{%9c|Õ,r=G&VœLԍmM][7sfM'47$l+~T6i)!>S܇  8OƯ']$:ڕbs63@78+2;1wx=Ɔ+˿Rx)4#~[v؎Od/~ƶoI!rDžWNW<. ,Lx[sb>cG_ӤOeciwk>iwFF|YS%1՝> 2)*㋕p 6ÿpO1^~3^/M_Y&/dZ/hסKkbX%S(XcN9\A$cvQragxh>]Jsbs5ݙT<>LC[+xH:?P.Mgҥ"9l~{y]+cӞnuiryvqBXSI>ߵ8tHy۬5}wycqW]L793ZȃvS6(sܐ+ -/*3>T|\}YUu +z]4AZG߈Wx|᭙ xiۛUgV Zyz:PoVL\| u뜠m𠁼y w ߹qA=w.d̩W&Sn77lwVu?PLM{&+DvMci.k}%*0F:fʊcЛFU8f߯67iuBWBKE"(oum rǬ&OVe~h=?71>m&0vقbMG}dq:#I\rva2pI.Op8q?Ԁ"86 6͓=;g.l)_34RxCl8x7di BzD2d7N;ުe{SHB> uPҥGП#' 6P;i/ѩF&)|oLRv.*/G LI6E(HݖzxylI}[x xޟn~6Ůlt w [l}\dM_$*T~4R*%i;Yd[(C-߃?nD|5~Ol}\dks(e`yWA|x@be:tp>"0yoXoKzJKG3͚CUF=GNUV6a>o{we>)l=0~OPX u&nUv_>`829vTEؕ{W_^ڳ8t4)nXPv/T’R>B"XXMx;IA4cjϚԯYqk>hZm=pWVV"|e놤}hkej5j0&MyOy"U1\*U~тb2{`o׭ ꍺ`nG{>5T:\6emզa٤u(zc(Ssqd<.xNFOS\zŕW8s&@'J75.51up5N:T}R`\Ak=G w4F ӌfFQ_cn.PK] !2G7/X34]ÀW}#F^#:23)7ڟUȽ=OcMl>1~LtRަHtd&(JƤBЧ0t 3:frJSiWq}M"ʥs&}:ĆR;Γ6 .[2|]D@/ KuY틺?^/rZ\s~Qv -H@R>vQذ=Ə*:)tybt(+\=QTK;W7lDog\?s|§ls5sm4zC[v#[y1ҟ|M35O?HllOY]ns56DyY`R4Mf(hjS~H`mꄫ6gQmc)!-H!+HW7zv`Ims]\6|Y}c̯ZjBZ3o|}N1sxg;Gӵ| GYBbT߶'yޠp_a2emt.1XuȾb:t[\ߥCsD[} YC|+\rFmiO9w;:tm⧢C: C&\:wliu{{De:ʍ^:0>TLKx~%zޞc`Mnʹ}ou=H>$T =21٧bү&##;j4Ai{ey_Ph*˻N*,_߬Sql՘RtY&)&8ѿ☪BltL<ӲquOe␮Ft➪wr,ѯWV̯f%dg|gA^UhsV~bls ^E5XYmF}fd7^p*n20$+HW3=ր^A3̮/e4)+p១}cͯ |ay頭CU]>+\k@Zg^c\7~P1րSUkɥhe2c|&X3K:PQ[#():"/篫o+_誫j!]zYt\V>-. 2{}TչUGU}t2B~U[#ƯoFt[uWբ7>uWկ˱En=HL@{֎e4xL4T .o;KTk3qSK|=g_wPD{{=񚔢o~Pr+НLfBI9~=I8<=أgCfWQ=YrGz5Sa@~&gg9t#s߇tMzzR ^ '&UM7Sn}/8^N_DtFv)+]{aݻ8UU_Ugf7$'p6sOsjO;\niuo~=D|7VgOs#im4,8ģg`.ShLsV-m>:9ea>濫I$G1(eϚCV}hgn=BbE߇tg+twpZ 6YmF *0|%CY%EM= չܩeK5.V۫NU./eu/9Ae~5g:>0I!Õ$嫙7ybWމ$g_F>g/v9]:tAH'Ljk]$ScKUzWo6iwmt>¿u͋Cޅx ū;a7;ςٔBy}%>r\.:r'4MeK>x'H,Ɨ'<2=#"o𸞽~\}|JK"e;_Ϫ\p SzMVP![Ӷ՝䗄j|&[.~Cl'>.ۤv2--zTZCɣbɖ8 {#[_GP&pe=e6sQiAufe>&Z[v%[-k~/ɸCasnbTmG.{<)p}%wmu(ۿ̴>s{q9)8{o3'L.I,@uEz->sR[$ ':\[3i_/s23//|t m/XHz.\ y̏rL_"?U͵ՊO.<$}l| y%g0~{W >_K$Ӈs*l{z6.-IHoMw[W#d[ wʯzޡU_dk6ܛP>l>.۸_e=K8&[%[|fwq[Z9 Qd;GzaZl&6O}\P*`~/gnTK h@2~tXۊv-\?؍ VR"0+.JtvܼX*d,];+O3k ]7^Yqs:L<$R_TڗʯnM,3]{:,~=V;.]=*Fg[5~:Oz~Rk3SJ%yeD/{s3q{ߒn/PfiڞB]8}A W(tn %/CS㋚f"{E%Rֹ|ݪOUۙn};Q9e'wQEuy׷|?iy.;H/<4⤹uXy zRo{EyOks&l 3dҒ{X}itE0\ ;ׄa{NE#Fȓcz[ruэ}O/w #pf}.9^un=]mXN.T $| =]lwdsCfoe}uup=F_?uWWz8J0_b꟫M-ik4~is3 Ug4|Xt:-j[֙Awc#G23~& kh ?d.͵xGΓze~Cğ:`qdMU.rZkF9RGo8sߔ'^lr>8IxǼ%v8>A'}p~+Vf][žfh"}yiJU$3o5~ob1ܯ_XV.Š3msƇ%^29Glō 3d&%p(a}5kܙ=3_2?}An?A]p5 B{cGKnT\*:nQ^ܧmS S$W/qu_~3G>6{bb1~c/>ځ@R>t 6G2pm+&uؼ|5λXxe8=ǎyPolqDc7JZ"l]Dag:Oc}b47vƀ6u.|h.;g:"缴-| yp<3_5Yy ~ߞ)~H2e^v\ٞ2sd˜su|fWqW{ :r;m谶i᮫ݸ}L8j:SF!>*ڪ`Q?asZR~J6 vT _R莁e]]'e;{gNUN"wN7QY'm I`dJ3=ׯqsMV&#HjmTP_G1zDF|Ldlsص;sr<[Hk0Şʘ@>>M!vq%jʮTed};)~ն9O]ۥ[2>󭍫j;vQ-sWZ7yR@eZ%#Iue&8hM]Gn @R>t<W \0k-u7@j]3e{҂g6녟kgMynH;׭Wl<{M5IvUگZF&}U as݋6Xu>0^gȧϪK: ,CO/:g jϪ|cE^f_$+|M~}wƇl^7=_=wL_ rj+c:x* eUї&[dS+l;7f}uRMoÝ+-6"gRZd˷n|{i4Rl4nP#[u)羂.wqQ._2y]|TUMɔ>q;_!Clm`3G0w\'7(#Gg;t,^Tw||t&{d>KЕ=0~ed \{Ş:滲^v彪p"p۳8t4)|э 飛ne>h? _"u fT@kc(:2 seZ&kցq_4]& u_HʇCE>vp5$u)s s*UMVVuqׁUzzm]m֑0tחt,:y,uP3G1~Kd,ȖRu&nw-:pRDߛ-k[n~sw8RrJmKz,AhI*VLᷕu]s'XL9T7gq 0LiAyqk=0 wGNRu7+-]4Eqt=܁Jweب{M,ls1W\vfCʣO{-{T6uOy^kCCyg˗ LEqzz]_BKN=_jR8Ky*)aVc71y)yl BF.qMV{J͠οc)zN?^.9<~W7ZiM\w(q۠io"o{{Yt׮jQ* &t.뼕[#Nŗ+uvݴ^x>4ɷ4B|#$N]IќªVܕ>N=3Wz.´EM|Aކ#U3ik\9\ \?-*WVAY5td̕PQ^/P mkorn}^'os ,rjFa8.wpQuG?1=]:E J4\,l4sO3A5m]:Qf;@Ɵ6J`y+S5&jp>.t`&dޏws|o1mWW;o7#66g9mVd}?o| ƒ([G Ĺx}*e \~R0f@عU+ì5s4STo_ QK{%/jm 1wWjfmPxz^wuy9Z Lx?40c¨1 yNbnq*h70ARޗc&0\ d|ȧ]b|ϗk/%7,O+yp{eqGFL7pS9`. ?UDly-M]!4`^D7 x21 sw{Xw7WKcPUDx{jw<M%6)(p/(㜧?L9xJ'ֻd37 B">l}dsA-(dųXN] 6^HFײ=3S3ϞE#-U} *w> |:cpősn d JU:ɖq_Hϓ,5.G>1 G`~}Dz~?Ϳ>! ɑ}\XFur_`{&眣_1*rjZ\xn% m՗fob|=I/^8["Y>n~wRPI;[/D{hz;v7vz^o}T;lBJuG/s׳&ʟM,^y[s蜨ջü.&K˴> knkTJ}M^+Q['‡zS_+>ZlfuzdzC'ǝ~:>G>=gӞ>6Q~?Q8g윃wD|$,+:_dwG]ǷdkSTRHU UTRHU ^_TRHU UT áMicrosoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:54  |s , bGlsts(16B2x/s1Z@{|x ]Euw1.UO.`U$\R( M#hZZ$6>)UV۷}E־6X>D-^B>s';g9frs'3f^kZ3LJ*OJ%ro$#@vz~iN|II2)NJ~$C nƽ.穜_G햼ݓdy4$4ɝ|P̑,U=Ⱒ+޷Q߯8ьsY*c{f+zV\Gi+eN;TOnP&FpRF cOW|Ӏ]ԬdF= |z6E2i@ 5 g3ESih)^13&C\$3N:pkym>Ȍ}-.8|q ig^ܺ`jgJ.H|<}}.*rW9#w/WWJ:^<6#9ކxjHkz3鹗^C^y:<8|zħ$9KWO@IVN}[.VPi5(>+ϐoIޔ L¶ eWقA#miVfwLy'SL>}1V ͳ~iL6]OSلdJL;d=@6]N((!k䗕iʃl#1لU(eyQ:9PX $&XL6UڝɣɃɆd2%cixB'{FM7'Cxsoۢ~|[^ToOCzڢ{ -yJݤ|f6/0}qa"`x5.qpHCyo~~+|Riw〓~ ̺6'K&gMƥo__1oPɶ;ycőGŹg͍YC8j6(O&o!-uƽ1)آHX**F% gL4.8>f!O|yZSiA:y.۬ \pYM! 6LL\U*XLdywrdߔ{[ŷjtyOK3lǑ(dYafciqy`j|@Qs1zJfta.W`xHsr`G.&v+G?HsU}.|+\'G#nc&^M8 $ n' N˕?*0RoB;ђmgy'fMgމ8x;<[IS:#l#s/{N4|z/۳>RoP*@#OUv'h_~EŢU\G c#نRX0$r>PxpMM־Tm1ۤC6ʊ){} kmn]?#/?m<{S~[:##oeH; IA8Adyɍ^ѷnzm=0#9 O?eeHn9䞽dß^KNdWSkw9&Yл''&#%/ӛ_7^~A[埡S[+B6]N\ yHg?]hXt1A]^:zt#/(Zuݑr› #/bh;Cm}j7/ܧH~}_c}oԗFK_M~bO]A}L񽿥<$ڞ= |wSZmN=ßjj ï> _pE|?<;QޠWf|<]'>tE5]%y0Ma}+`-Y?CkU W<6^2KM# ٖ2M[GmR|`|/3(uOW\.8=]6aA|C+]_'eRt떱(8Atnm=7yd~|sH~=;(%\z|z|d]k/*m Nz)z<~*Hzu)\ߙ~WYj#yxWýs`bk")guarKJRqwjCM x"tlM+!c}g0"_î|CYzwBѧ ׬/bx)<}'NAYcB'w ~i\ ]θ6k1?ccxay9 Ǟ띪8{fcJ#Sd>Wm{HZg]YBhfxY|_ߓxz|'jnE3vwt m𵝽˴]={~ ?%oW ƓcUңbRbx+<]ְm-OWΛߨ%Sjt6OiGonо$e`۰_$ɚvk>cG:F^gk}7I_\< xGrk]={? /;?"{tܨU|OHr{l,w۴Q+!rF/mvv=͚f*Wg^\Yd|B肍H\`)4aS۶ vYc| 8xuڧ8VOGS8哇pۮk;I.f^e]yɉz_距'Jٮ{tvΜ"⏈k̩w-f 1$-UyYjQso3%cb;"| {jFEFɬ%=7bTKүKWRZ_U!k/kސ~lLUl5=}_;7-ڥMwso&4,^ Dԯ7~q|5cx+CoN@G㮛vہm8ao WrCyk?FqH8#whGo}F(ًF7/:k'~H=kY#kz3?v>+ obW#.9VT¾-Gz`6 +ɋWД סl) e NӀ4hb48Gi'Oy3JI0}>&g%> _8G=MXU:󩜯; 9zFx Bvr^}No&'emHHz}loDD8ܿ<6!o{{XL`S.,0rt`ʹNèp.F. o#!r596S5:cw<ȕᴅr'&OMMȞ,FgG:_vz~F7/r\o7lMΒi~"wZ^yAoֵf] "y)2\q:]6i8t.ɔr:hr; q?T+FʅO&۶(`;;(|EwM:{{_f<42=L|3 gl:4Ӌܻ\p\4?7߶C&G9&~~Z}33xAڿjY??2 u9GYߚk'isdf3و}M=;ﱄԾ;2Y/,n8?wl%jDwqV4;pH|{ӡ#8].8xM8yHs}p 6R6H l\;ZAgR6^:w36$s6ٴ٫NhXy/.Rzh|cwq1'91C14| {*sٙծ_opvYf[8 =CO;[۬n L쒍& v~oݞwYǷ k)C;8ʣ\C!x8 a|-4^MC&wLAÅJ ouz8wc?b'?5UfgM.oC~sU>{.؎y(ϴerMwҌ)+˝$gn{CB;I.fO8ވ橚's0ÊtR^KLzOFDh53Vcx*ͼԼ5]'6=ui/dYڍ^^_ߙ{]E( sWܿz fFZ$CviSFo.]={@z|]|G+*F58kvOvWJs~^{'^;}x(+za3kNBr|. 9(>p~l׆L.z/V;&[6 6: v\LsCz6'S;NP8Gl|V4yGد__jсZ4$ ?? kk[42jGh+U౫cJn^0^Whow~P"SySJ{W$k/bEcB (ӻ%O1og/Jbx#.iDQH5sa R' ǧ7WPg"̿~]5wGNo/,(W[ٚcQ\G֬(ؠ\XGo% Z '1/H_<wCo74m9oAv"s@v}պ-с#Liƥ/4Y&Ol\^h'\ʛ#w\ιw.Hl-^7=l`1^߫4_udwd{5nGd"ۚlwҀ;Cr~WjWt;&aJ hq 7dqw+vC/Cp[}[X~׵s \ ߭+m NѝK=W}7fw._[;_Υ1s ށ?vCr6#kW1g#y\֜&&5&k(gM 9Bksٚ-;B{pf/ɿ2Җa P2+eFYJ=E+p>9不peq*5-;9zj[*m~;ptGzg0w.ïv̦k93KPֈ:3_s=r+:6֯PVzu7[oC mҰ4Gm!Oj ]zUAdp v\Fྈ%sCz41'h_ם\+:ջxb)aؓQWB ypբS? um*( BsxPwo8҅_Ee#6sU_uy+G&xĢ"]?nԅit\Mp&^vnwA/f_KtV,a?leZt +@cx+~gU%xڋA;tY㔁nV^" j e6}uoʠ(};.-|֪cz_;6~H`ф"`l7wvFj)o:7\F-祜@,\^?96 Ir1,)e]|hRidm].0,'wx1>t=SãD䚕vi+4]ORxlyzI;`Co _:p / Z:~ɲKehSnD]?݈|"u#eu#9XW?bЯܺ "~sw.ï uߛl.~,m=~#/쇽bu>_ Er=Z]w./RKۣto v~z1n2Vm{X<㮛vl] egc{lг Ƕtm~%s|l󐣂ee~gg~={L zikm AF&񭣃 7^н[vNS!cT}BZL+@9d0t73NhQmhJMH;F0dDi3k|4'nU1CƲى+$8L##iJ G${>ϬJ x)7?[J ǁ݊<(o<^^{%M2( i4} 1K$/l-40z[4`𰓌w:] o w,'kz>hgϋ|"m :\]Nx%5/*ҳH8#yWiZQ6ev쮴]={+~{c7 }Ik< .3*Tk7 C(^W?[霟|8:X|קּ鏡}r`-?#_H[+vҠ\PgZp?Ƅ>v!h 6X!R^g  8XapF^x-td4ql|6kfCI,*KP] s@a>fa/629]%HW#[gM0ʰN֩|AзY=+zܣWkr#un}fѵH߾Jy'\=sd{nЫ5շh/oۑ3GvF~A9"_cyfo/hX/9 % }|=B]ޮxlϢ'A1_c_EUd'e2)wc'qo{e~u ||)f~Xͯpv}XbOUlvϢY?/jϢ~lD:{f=>v2Y<%ǾӤ Wt={`rc*[Y[7jrjޅ-U޼]EyLt?cH&ߐ|G9q1rӸZr'ՀtܵpLi&tR~:W~_G_^IEF.NkxoHa@?]`tUg4}%+7S}y/3_ߚQ+w@(;ϓo@>wЛ~|~ws/0tNOIe޹֎7ӿz:E;x+ z_; #qM;4)j\^O# =rz*;>Z΅qwr}=a?'H vqΎN \G"sCEs~)mo]>j#)q Ͼ0[=`i;xI7\G2%^wj܉;+7kdx+򚭣/ll}󳆒}F$t>Üj=ygZ.?'oާ4AGo^}-(/ruKj3 o^Ẋu>8-^+y]^َ|piD*ϊ.C2|[{d,;no@Xonm;tM/^90!fu9i.[pۅ m>C- ~yߗ\~s^>oi~T˖5߲|po.o=bxԘrx{~H7 *_c׃BL?{nߚ~5}F?W~O?쬞}v巡|,}J|l; z1W ǬvXZ+\7(Ӽ~OY4COAy#zZ _'R^:<g =]ߟR8?(`]1{֕=U]ozwiik9^^_qy+UFnXS".֓wp+l^'#K O~ br߯/g\?En. փ]s8s8i\6O_R8nҧ{tЙ_xj8=w3~}Y벷W_%_l߷]yl<js6Qmzvօ8MY}Zd=2}s^]xdOnn~?$e B]FVKF;=oK'/8{i}̸/)zuhs 哇>fmăDԟKeI㧩 sK9q^"}K;.36"w4携mJx'VH~cxSӼ BcMl0ΐ<o/,Ӿ?W1ELt&USL%._ù A+U͒$y- QDCYm-2cCf8l~P*ܕsl,3n _-D׃5= ׋{Sٳ2ílWnk$;{{xðÊ{z|]W'cC6g  l~30oMo ʅm, 6af%(øUrFEj;5G]'>3R}R0E5 vmNiShyg =s݂>%ܤw eadvQ})raU̪[CC~GaL|t7.jZ5s EAgtoٟՋ~s߬|L  hXb&xW/˺+Mޡ^NqyڂV=pް} W>5~,ı:>$}kSS#";UV<_xg9Zdwn{fZϫ߹MpBx9%kowap/#Wީ_JO rOo рcx*#'eտ1cW~c`9wy{_]qq'%dYPmbt /\ۦ^(OqGUVP|weIoi_B< i9Fw½K7oJ1^8H}7K]too; kQZx.D~c!XhێGgxU Cm㮛vl}a=-12i{-ؠ\x}ayn]%[.G߿|`5 5ldRy'@i08]n~>fy_U{vv)DQTMs`84[I*uKw#[jw_c }}X% :+ߏ?5Ibxyg^:E뛗n>q'x]}U^Eۮ=ZD]놻hF?_W+pEco.c]yS2~m;p]կ|͍˕ݩP/niy ׷ Xy+򚭫} 'V^>g9fNCRh<ޕ\5ЀjO"BEk8wx֏7㮛v5[2[-aʅ~qSjdQh-yAVKMX|,uJI54m 5>9 aӰ}~Ƅ3#l,^V㲺Ljƶ2ݨFIO*4izh/|CޓB?m;6q eP7nS&xȄBu' }v`儒Kg'h(۱DtRk:bupjgÛ̻?:=ώ G$yx7_CTdw[zn9wAn-|"uvC |0Ϥ?HnyvF;m9J]¦'jBm<%hۧ`ڷT >%InO^_gٶMdi-[GݔͲj8)n˖t_!Y:xv[ؙ)ka>y?2 qqs.ZWav`o,FE4CJ<'5;3ǮS`?nޮ#| o\c<.8 >,hN3mg>@WŔ7~Paʐh7-{t1\I:קt,"š2dѧi?ka=%UfmՖmjVF[~VK]z +GӶoH%;fjjy򑚇|<) ?0o|e+&_10=P. >qYL_C:{H˰\N<u&P9=3 ʅaمM^aHcR^ӖaG]E|d&i/l#UnkʨQ`ͫT.t:g.PZ^J+%i\^x ['^2=R6ȺMvf%`}ӳwH3_:#YxIKtɻ[%1Us1qUm Oߧ"w~wƧ^Xcxay*;Gy'5< \^vG7~#[|G||"G<.yAe5'x4\Jک`)z.Q|,1h_ޠ2<.j wh=̅&ۣ%߀-['O=r χrW<ݺy PNrx*z:B}Nx?mhZۖa`}Or:#3]Nx=+d2eZf!kTP=WtWUG>ݔ{إΑPv y4#P.|l~Q@Vחڎna~F4[k1 4GK9 l{޿];g囦 wr1;{ʙ(vvMsbhgWpWsk;^Άr}rKOoyhբ9V/ }%#rkwƣL5^~?U~ENgNEJ 4cҘY ;Vӭ&M ǚnw|KTB`>ޡil_83wn v3p.7s9x\<>ar-?7O˻h͜~7,G?KDnؤQE.q'J;^AvtZ3a|Þrٚ84vj/ߏ{\k-|׿%={A~v'>;k}͒rZM, |g6Axf xMiwœ -59N~|yu<&% a.'ckm9/bZic7솂M+|!9AN8ey(sIہi%?)ߟ, "_jnV֪OMP"GEH)#}Յr"Zr}rVU o~1^,GZ*.?:(C?v掃iԀR O tu|3LC~XZY;wYӟ;J_hn~wb :~| ~6|qoوZ[ge>E0*v9Xnڕ3C6v;)g{z1"˥,,f96 Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî ðàçðàáîòàíû è ñóùåñòâóþò ñåòè Ïåòðè âûñîêîãî óðîâ- íÿ [3], âêëþ÷àþùèå ñåòè òèïà ïðåäèêàò/ïåðåõîä [19], ñåòè ñ öâåòíûìè ìàðêåðà- ìè [20], ñåòè ñ óíèêàëüíûìè ìåòêàìè [21], êîòîðûå ðåøàþò îòäåëüíûå àñïåêòû, àíàëîãè÷íî ïðåäèêàòó }) ({ u x L , òîëüêî â ÷åòêîé ñðåäå âçàèìîäåéñòâóþùèõ ïðî- öåññîâ. Ýòî çíà÷èòåëüíî ñóæàåò ñôåðó ïðèìåíåíèÿ ìîäåëåé íà îñíîâå ñåòåé âûñîêîãî óðîâíÿ [3], à â ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ è äåëàåò èõ íåïðèãîäíûìè äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêèõ çàäà÷. Óòâåðæäåíèå 1. Åñëè çàäàíà ) ( ~ f S è äëÿ       U x U u x L u u , } { }), ({ (11), òîãäà ÐÈÍÑÏ ìîæåò ýôôåêòèâíî ðåøàòü çàäà÷è ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ ïðîöåññîâ I i i   }, ~ { , ñâÿçàííûå ñ ïðåäìåòíîé îáëàñòüþ (ïîêàçàòåëè ñòîèìîñòè Ñ 1 , ñëîæíîñòè Ñ 2 , íàäåæíîñòè Ò 0 è ò. ï.). Äîêàçàòåëüñòâî óòâåðæäåíèÿ 1 ñëåäóåò íåïîñðåäñòâåííî èç îïðåäåëåíèÿ ÐÍÑÏ ) ( ~ f S [9]. Ñëåäñòâèå 1. Ââîä ïðåäèêàòà (11) ñóùåñòâåííî óâåëè÷èâàåò ìîùíîñòü ìîäåëè- ðîâàíèÿ ïðîöåññîâ è ðàñøèðÿåò ñôåðó ïðèìåíåíèÿ ÍÑÏ. Ñëåäñòâèå 2. ÐÈÍÑÏ [9] â ÿâíîì âèäå íå âêëþ÷àåò â ñåáÿ ñëîæíûå ïðîöåäóðû K k k  }, r P ~ { ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ ïðîöåññîâ îáðàáîòêè äàííûõ, óïðàâëåíèÿ è ïðèíÿòèÿ ðåøåíèé, îòíåñåííûõ ê îòäåëüíûì äåéñòâèÿì T t i ~ ~  , óñëîâèÿì P p j ~ ~  , îòíîøåíè- ÿì (èíöèäåíòíîñòÿì) . ~ ~ , ~ ~ P T T P    ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì ðàññìîòðèì âîçìîæíîñòè ðàñøèðåíèÿ ÐÈÍÑÏ [9] ïðè ìàêñè- ìàëüíîì ó÷åòå ñëåäñòâèé 1 è 2. Ñóùåñòâóåò ïî êðàéíåé ìåðå äâà ïîäõîäà ê ðåøåíèþ çàäà÷è. Ïîäõîä À. Ïóñòü | } r P ~ { | | } { | k u x  , K k U u   , . (3) Òîãäà ðàññìîòðèì ìîäåëü ) ( ~ f S   , êîòîðàÿ ïîñòðîåíà íà îñíîâå ÐÈÍÑÏ è ÈÍÑ è îáëàäàåò ñëåäóþùèìè ñâîéñòâàìè: – äëÿ íåêîòîðûõ ïåðåõîäîâ T t i ~ ~  ââåäåíû äîïîëíèòåëüíî ïðîöåäóðû ; , }, r P ~ { r P ~ I i K k k ki    – äëÿ íåêîòîðûõ ïîçèöèé P p j ~ ~  ââåäåíû äîïîëíèòåëüíî ïðîöåäóðû ; , }, r P ~ { r P ~ J j K k k kj    – äëÿ íåêîòîðûõ îòíîøåíèé èç T P ~ ~  ââåäåíû äîïîëíèòåëüíî ïðîöåäóðû ; , , }, r P ~ { r P ~ I i J j K k k kji     – äëÿ íåêîòîðûõ îòíîøåíèé èç P T ~ ~  ââåäåíû äîïîëíèòåëüíî ïðîöåäóðû ; , , }, r P ~ { r P ~ I i J j K k k kij     – äëÿ íåêîòîðûõ ìàðêèðîâîê ïîçèöèé ) ( ~ ) ~ ( ~ f M p M j  ââåäåíû äîïîëíèòåëüíî ïðîöåäóðû ; , }, r P ~ { r P ~ ) ~ ( ~ J j K k k j p M k    – ðåçóëüòàòû âûïîëíåíèÿ ïðîöåäóð K k k k   }, r P ~ { r P ~ îïðåäåëÿþò äîïîëíèòåëü- íûå óñëîâèÿ ðàçðåøåííîñòè ïåðåõîäîâ . ~ ~ T t i  Çàìå÷àíèå 1. Ïðîöåäóðû K k k k   }, r P ~ { r P ~ õàðàêòåðèçóþòñÿ çíà÷èòåëüíîé ñëîæ- íîñòüþ âû÷èñëèòåëüíûõ ïðîöåäóð è áîëüøîé ðàçìåðíîñòüþ. Óòâåðæäåíèå 2. Åñëè ñïðàâåäëèâî (3) è çàìå÷àíèå 1, òîãäà ìîäåëü ìîæåò áûòü ðåàëèçîâàíà êàê: N S f S f S ~ ) ( ~ ) ( ~     , (4) ãäå ) ( ~ f S – ÐÈÍÑÏ [9], N S ~ – ÈÍÑ [13,14]. Äîêàçàòåëüñòâî óòâåðæäåíèÿ 2 íåïîñðåäñòâåííî ñëåäóåò èç îïðåäåëåíèÿ ÐÈÍÑÏ, ÈÍÑ è ïðåäñòàâëåíèé î . , r P ~ K k k  ]9x pϷ@eIB%H0*g(҂Ď8T+C 8K` ZN%<@axHAZi;@wvk,(tfÜ9q={="@I> Yc^DP篱ݍțqyuWyhQ6#NҺumuj&H,/uvɃ12;Xź_:RcwFlSfK'O9| LTre{.seI9w:J}CG /2V x..ͫ,m)3I,`IXˆ}uvE2a]u;Ke2NGW ҃것vd0:WG~I v4YikJdvgM[~4!^wHgk%6XU 2:[ete2kx.~񸵷k-zgþ>chN$߳;?h,4{&dyJ{:ޅoݱUx§v;O>zz'{ڋMJ7hN,ݶ.qv~Kh&QKVĮbW'RlSҼC5ǥK.]3TB-4{" 5ե~g9.'=Ġ to.z^BOstpzus:{;_|t3\k:CS"=^+tV'n+9G8='صއ S3$˽ 2hgv8G " Өwdj>AjK-d:u}<򵴷8yQ;/]ͱkd:۱C WwL^q墇['xaeqC:ؘ+zŗrLz3l\_AWs;m1ɑQy2:J;xU_JUyUMvaqZEnG}}ssYQ}=M䴫kÜ Ag~#>PU2򺿛T_]s;}f}wEvɟBB9>;aE6SR݅Vp]]I}lnp,4:wwۿ Co}kt2hg1g1IYC(T˺CCu?QtUjanT^oO 5{9ë\1VIAom792.[TO:C'} FᶆUجy}M-ŶM4.砃NN4/;; ]kČ}sqlU9kTFZ;Q`z?(面^\fdX+^:|׍in`\/9\,n`!Aصu8W׋wڀ7=zt d1Xns7rbPᶌ^kϽTk]HM\k|TJL{h/%+g¹(-᥻ `PS ]L=iL_&ȝ QzI'8O:v&i6'Ŧn𺚼7 dw`1Pk8ǹ9xwsS3ەhIMɽzs?&sfѯg`\)¶E{~#|D)Q?ZJ{|,$a Ib.{wCجOxJs|߹>ȩ v3ߕDD/WcHWHo߀A%(w0vwD5םίrZBN xAkak2f^Fnܤ9<377:c:xrc(:wlS2ŴsGZc68xy#[U0|[ʑb쭭߳4L4f2xvZG;ḽ1h$޽`l4ZZZcrEN`1^`"q>:[^Io f_Յ~m7a>w /}0vnrd}_Yüyq}g/Q3|KBu{sJtKw3n1}74Ux;_4D#@4D#@4E#@4D#@4W )Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 11.03.1897.00 2006:08:05 15:02:55  j YB(162,/l1 F` {px UUϽsQF23 cTB-EFj9%fQiiiQYR45K:""0P9gs8ν̽!kkϹD>,wR/ϻVk.1'7eyR:٦vKY}x\{{g{yzy3 gu+w0O{٣f;?0Ɣ_:f/WHz >?cU}ά`Ff&L|b/?Ӧz3z׼lTOfoxpSw?+ϟgv+rzp?%w M^LJ~ꩦölQ!g$T&^@چS>H^ 5GxG|r jtE(Șyy$i_Qm5˹}ȃ{ .I\\ATO/_8h`}O?.$ާj~8;=Sb9]6mHM9+M•y|ٜ-XH6VW6rf.Pɲy"@d&xf6TOBt+ߚz߀Foow|#Xo^`NZ=.^RrWt,|7`ߠwJ9;YhN!*9Ӵ9ez+%:We۾2wf3Gn#n@N^3˫짥㜮u$]гiӃ{gz nCN=P=@ꑂ(u?Ŝs}jc=U}=޻3a\~ε(K]5RYCyYKV߿T6MUf#`Oh̷%@WǑAѩ)K~ yOSCGvii} jm6gXN.+z~2ܱH0y\+,6$JOs05U>[|0|X4}skZD;Uv.V|Sv['5lB[WNr"ZyŜپ4BQ%Ir/luRy:S[' kMS2sj:m q=pKt |/l ¥6TO8dm0~1X?*M_K}PJK m|j_LWmC鄄;v2'kxtBL?mhFs!~][v~6E8@JL hgDž38nɾz38xPs&xuC8:$!}#9Ɠr~SNH%-8Aprqqԫh]^9u٧o}9S)r^1ȸӓiaƒ2̗o'oOT٭Eߞ/ZTT}J&v/|kF~$ #%V3+s0nФï4L'_i\}-Ŗ 㰾氾hSn}n~9pKA# wBo+ Ff<)o'P|em$8귶H4Z.!+BY 'AFey8A_|3f{j6f+ m!90u"Mre_%&{,.m5ګF[d [rl;¥ !\'W>%i"{X _Z{|{ -` ?'ΦG&wwޞtյ^M Z JQS/)|.w{ %BLGF'Ն:;i8|/&-N} whڝ+;+YN}ZGi2!>q|O_oyʻwmHV)㢘5Rm޶Bsn?rޟ4;x Y\ru`C!IÆis㙢HEoϙ>7fb:916%dͲeISqOBb1`6zx{OZqmN/⋏'P oA ]+Lh.G ZOA)oЛ0c}\}l-Uض߷sש Y[xAޣubZv6e3JhnQ9^6ʱc#]ko;9nGrNiJ bжY7óU[٬遦6 rstqWDPC{IӤO識rC}<l)>r2>ZU'K{+q<*:<[lcy[Oq>y_mA;G2ݞk6H'pink 7 շg9Dr^RK?YiuN߼GY27HX rahg;o͕Br>aw5(. 9J{Ta[q[uK45pAOWiI6ۿEբ"(/YloRL"3AU̙Tג~'l_"Lp3K5Mu|8-{iZ}k;/j{5ڝW }Ǵ|5t- -vmo/ުX1SglmE6~,Ƥ+ ||35p:\O3c0lg֜TwoKlRwN{G4DLw߳uⰶy2_);Z5imu< r}ؼgg I! Gɩ6zp/nJڛh